MeraPahad Community Of Uttarakhand Lovers

History of Garhwal
History of Garhwali Castes (Garhwal ka Jatiy Itihas ) ---Part 3
(refrences: Garhwal ka Itihas by Pundit Hari Krishna Raturi and articles of Mohan Babulkar, Dr Dinesh Baluni)
Presented by Bhishma Kukreti
Brahmin ----

Name of Caste    Old caste/From where they came    Year of coming in Garhwal    Village in Garhwal    First Person in Garhwal
Mandwal    Dwarhat , Kumaun    1643   Mahadgaon    Rajdash
Devrani    Gujrati Bhatt    1440   Divran    Malu and Talu
Pokhriyal    Vilval/Gujrat    1621   Pokhari    Gurusen
Dabral    Maharashtra    1366   Dabar    Raghunath, Vishvnath
Sundriyal    Karnataki Brahmin    1654   Sundoli    Mahidev
Kimothi    Gaud, Bengal    1560   Kimotha    Kumardev
Badola    Gaud/Ujjain    1741   Badoli    Ujjwal
Panthari    Jalndhar   1540   Panthar    Anyu and Panyu
Baluni    Sarswati /Jalandhar    1721   Balon gaon    Jeev ram
Purohit    Jammu    1756   Purotahi job    NA

History of Garhwali Literature

History of Garhwali Poetry

Description of Tirth (Auspacious places ) of Garhwal in Mahabharata

Bhishma Kukreti

In Indian Sanskrit literature creation, there is importance of Garhwal area from the tie of Vedas. It is said that Rishis and Mahrshis created Vedas in Garhwal area. Maharshi Ved Vyas created Mahabharata with the help of lord Ganesh in Garhwal area. There is a place called Vyas Chatti (banelsyun patti, Pauri Garhwal at the meeting place of rivers Ganges and Nayar) where sage Vyas did tapah.

The greatest poet of Sanskrit Kalidas belonged to Kaviltha village in Chamoli Garhwal. Kalidas described Garhwal beautifully and in details in Abhigyan Shankutalam and Kumar Sambhav.

Before Kalidas, we find the description of Garhwal in terms of geographical and demographical detailing in Mahabharata which was created before five thousand years back.

In ninety th chapter of Vanparv or Teerthparva , there is full details of geographical description of Garhwal (from 1 to 34 Shlokas) .

Mahabharata creator described the following rivers:

1- Yamuna

2- Sarswati

3- Ganges/Bhagirathi

4-Dwasdati

There is description of hot springs in Badrikashram (Badrinath )along with the bank of Ganges (Alaknanda )

From places point of view , the following shlokas are very important for knowing the historical back ground of Garhwal wherein the creator described about :प्लेसेस
सनतकुमार: कौरव्य पुण्यम कांखलम तथा
पर्व्तश्च पुरुर्नाम यत्र यात:  पुरुरवा: (वनपर्व -९०, २२ ) 
भ्रिगुर्यत्र तपस्तेपे महर्षिगणसेविते
राजन स आश्रम: ख्यातो भृगुतुंगो महागिरी: (वनपर्व -९०, २३)
नारायण: प्र्भिवुष्णु शाश्वत: पुरुषोत्तम (वनपर्व, ९०, २४
तस्यातियशस: पुण्या: विशाला बद्री मनु
आश्रम:   ख्याय्ते पुणय  स्त्रीसु लोकेषु विश्रुत : (वनपर्व, ९०, २५ )
There is description of following areas in the above shlokas

1- Gangadwar (Haridwar)

2- Kankhal (Today’s Kankhal (haridwar)

3- Bhrigushring ( Today’s Bhrigukhal, Udaypur patti Pauri Garhwal near Haridwar )

4- Puru Parvat (the hill range starting from Haridwar to Kalon Dand (Lainsdawn)

5- Badrika Ashram (Badrinath area)

6- ganges near badrikashram (Alaknanda)

7- Nar Narayan mountains

There is also description of Kirat and Kinnars the original inhabitants of Garhwal in this chapter of Mahabharata

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukret, Mumbai, India, 2010

History of Indian Language Literature
History of Garhwali Literature
Critical History of Garhwali Poetry
Anwar : The Poems of Different Facets and Emotions by Girish Sundriyal
(Review of Anwar a poetry collection of Girish Sundriyal)
                                       Review  by Bhishma Kukreti

                           Garhwali critics position Girish Sundriyal in Garhwali poetic field as critics appreciate the works of poets of West Indies as Derek Walcott, Edward K. Brathwait,  E.A Markham, grace Nichols, fred D’Angiar,  James Berry , Linton K. Johnson, Luis Bennett, Loma Goodison, Oliver Senior, Martin Carter, Mervyn Morris, Michael Smith for making Garhwali poetry competent enough to stand with international modern poems, or Spanish poets as Claudio Rodriguez , Félix Grande , José Ángel Valente , Francisco Brine, Ángel González , Carlos Barral ,José Agustín Goytisolo for  his simplicity In narrating lyrical poems, making lyric rich poetries, creating social verses, praising rural world and harmony in community in elated way , providing experimental touches, bridging social poetry with next generation,.
      Madan Duklan a famous critic and editor states about the poems of Girish Sundriyal ,” The poetry is the result of fine blending of emotion, thinking, focused  thinking, experiencing and expression. However, we may call a poem successful when it communicates to readers directly to their  heart and brain and provokes the readers. Girish Sundriyal is successful in these parameters.”
   There are seventy two poems (mainly Geet or lyrical poems)  in this first poetry collection of Girish Sundriyal and each poems is of different facet, different subject, different flavor and different emotions.
   The subject varies from comparison between past and present changes out of which many are damaging or harmful wither for environment, culture, auspiciously, environment, amicable social structure or humanity.
    Most of the poems are concerned for need of individuality  for the society, humanity and environment. The poet talks about individuality but as part and partial of society and humanity .
   When the poet narrates about the experiences of women of rural Garhwal, it seems as if Girish Sundriyal is in the form of women of rural Garhwal.  This is speciality of Girish that his poems speak as if Girish is women, child, tree, Dharud (drinking water source  ), domestic or wild animal. . The simple  narration in simple Garhwali wordings make the poems readable, enjoyable and provocative too .
  Madan Duklan states tha many times, it is just impossible for the  poet in tolerating  regionalism, caste /sect related classicism, corruption at all levels, migration, unemployment and such poems accuse the culprits bluntly and boldly.
  The poets touched many contemporary subjects as worsening  political scenario, non balance between modernism and protection of culture, no proper futuristic education availability, carelessness in administration etc and Girish is successful in inciting the readers.
  The language of all poems is simple, understandable and Girish does show not have any greed for showing his intellectuality/superiority  for using unnecessary Sanskrit and Hindi words as many Garhwali language creative do. Girish takes symbols and images form experiences, from daily happenings,  and from community. These common symbols and images in his poems are the specialty that readers are engaged  to his each poem. Rhythms and lyrical style in creating poetry is the style of  Girish which make him exclusive among his contemporary.
    Overall,  Girish Sundriyal  is successful in showing the images of contemporary rural Garhwal in Anwar (the first poetry collection of Girish )   and proved that Girish is one of the remarkable, sensitive, social oriented,  poets of Garhwali language of his time and proved that the next generation poets have to follow him in may aspects of poetry creation. 
 Anwar (A Garhwali Poetry Collection)
By Girish Sundriyal
Year of Publication: 2006
Publisher :
Himalay Lok Sahity avm Sanskriti Vikash Trust
C/O Madan Duklan, 16 A Rakhshapurum (ladpur)
P.O Raipur, Dehradun, 248008
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti, Mumbai, India, 2010

hello kukreti ji namaste, bahut acha laga aapke ye lekh padh kar, i am ranbeer......................really excellent.......................

Ranveer ji
Thanks a lot. all is because of encouragements from readers/well wishers as you are.

History of Garhwal
History of Uttarakhand
Uttarakhand ka Itihas Bhag-1.  : Sources of History of Uttarakhand 
(Review of Books Uttarakhand ka Itihas Bhag 1  by Dr Shiv Prasad Dabral )
                                       Bhishma Kukreti
( History repeats itself because No body learns from History )
       There is no parallel of  great Historian than Dr Shiv Prasad Dabral who could touch History of Garhwal so comprehensively, so elaborately, and so detailed way .His whole life was devoted to researches (without any organizational, institutional facilities) and writing of History of Garhwal and Kumaun.
  Before, Dr Shiv Prasad Dabral started publishing History of Garhwal-Kumaun , Atkinson, Patiram, Hari Krishn Raturi , Badri Datt Pandey and Rahul Sankrityayan put light on the subject of History of Garhwal and Kumaun (History of Uttarakhand) . But these historians did provided very little about the history of Garhwal before fourteenth century . Secondly, there was less researches done by the above cited historians of History of Garhwal as required for nay sovereign country as Garhwal Desh. Garhwal had been a sovereign country till 1803 AD   from ages. No Mogul ruler could invade Garhwal for a single day. Therefore , the historians require elaborate researches and detailing in writing the history of a country as Garhwal. Dr Shiv Prasad took the initiative and he did not leave a single oral or written literature related to Mid Himalayan History including Himachal and Nepal in writing elaborate history of a nation as Garhwal before 1803. There are eleven parts of History of Uttarakhand published by dr Shiv Prasad Dabral .
                                History of Uttarakhand  Part -1
    In first part Dr Dabral detailed about the sources of History of Uttarakhand. He provided the details of
1- The details, translation of Stone/wood carving related to History of Garhwal, , Uttarakhand
2- The descriptions of old coins, stamp, idols, temple, archeological structures indicating the history of Garhwal
3-Information about oral, written literature related to know History of Garhwal, Uttarakhand.
4- Utensils, clothing, etc of human beings from stone age to till age to know the history of Garhwal, Uttarakhand
5- Knowledge of old civilizations and History of Garhwal
6- Detailing of Sanskrit, Pali, Prakrit literature helping in determining  the History of Garhwal
   The whole book is very interesting and common readers will find it surprising that how a devoted historian does research in finding the history of a nation and what are the ingredients of history writing apart from knowing  the elaborate references of History of Garhwal , Uttarakhand
    The book is also a collector book for museums  and history students
Uttarakhand ka Itihas  Bhag-1
By Dr Shiv Prasad Dabral, M.A., PhD
Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda, Pauri Garhwal,
Uttarakhand , India, 
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti, Mumbai, India, 2010

History of Indian literature
History of Uttarakhand languages Literature
History of Garhwali literature
Critical History of  Garhwali Poetry
Anjwal: One of the Great Satirical Poetry Collections of World Literature
(Review of  Anjwal -Garhwali Poetry collection by Kanhaya Lal Dandriyal ‘The Great Poet’)
                                 Bhishma Kukreti
   No doubt, Sada Nand Kukreti (1923)  initiated satire as serious business in Garhwali by publishing first Garhwali story Garhwali That’ in Vishal Kirti but in true sense in modern Garhwali poetic field, Kanhaya Lal Dandriyal used satirical poems as to make serious and even frightening remarks on the dangers of the sweeping social, economical, spiritual  changes taking place throughout Garhwal and among migrated Garhwalis . Many critics as nathi Prasad Suyal state that we may find similarities in the work of Kanhya Lal Dandriyal and Horace, Persius, and Juvenal for  Dandriyal’s  satires about the life, vice, and moral decay Kanhaya Lal  saw around him as ‘Garhwali Sanstha’ of this volume.
  When Hindi critic Dr Manjula Dhoundiyal read poems of Anjwal, she said to this author “ I shall put Kanhaya Lal Dandriyal near to a French satirist of seventeenth century  Roger Rabutin de Bussy for his wit and calmness in describing the changes”
  Manmohan Jakhmola a post graduate in English literature, a literature lover and great admirer of Kanhaya Lal Dandriyal says that Dandriyal had to work hard for creating satirical Garhwali poems when most of the Garhwali  poets were either following Hindi literature  or busy in old style in terms of subject and versification, Kanhaya Lal came with new subject and the original satire of Garhwal into Garhwali literature.  Jakhmola further says that Dandriyal might have worked  hard in creating satire in Garhwali as eighteenth century American satirists as  Lemuel Hopkins,  Joel Barlow, Philip Freneau , John Trumbull, Hugh Henry Brackenridge did hard work in creating satire .
         The second edition  of Anjwal has fifty poems of Dandriyal. First issue was published in 1969 and Anjwal became a mile stone in the Garhwali poetic field that from here the Garhwali  poems transformed style , body, subjects ,  and creativity of Garhwali poems as well the thinking of Garhwali  poets . The Garhwali poems took new shape from conventional wisdom in many ways.
  The poems show that Kanhaya Lal Dandriyal was very sensitive, had the eyes ofa critic and had the power of  narrating serious and critical the subject through humorous and satirical methodology. Kanhya Lal show the putrefied social  system through effective wit that readers laugh but feel acute pain inside their mind, intellect and ego. Madan Duklan a garhwali critic and editor states that the  poems of Anjwal are provocative but do not create enmity among the society.
    Famous Garhwali folk literature expert, Hindi dramatist, Hindi poet, story teller, critic Govind Chatak says that the satirical poems as Satya Narayan Brat Katha, Mi Garhwali chhaun, Dhyabron ki Rally, Garhwali sanstha, Hamaru Garhwal are the world class poems and these poems are one of best poems among two hundred best satirical poems of world literature. Lokesh Navani a Garhwali critic and Puran Pant a poet and editor state about these poems and other poems that these poems are the classic poems for international literature.
 Girish Sundriyal a Garhwali poet says that his other poems Sarsu  Sanhar, Thyakra are best examples of bringing realism with the capsule of satire and humor into Garhwali literature in seventies.
 Harish Juyal a marvelous satirical Garhwali poet supports the statement of Dr Govind Chatak that  style of Jagar. Rakhwali and Tantra Mantra in many Garhwali poems of Kanhya Lal Dandriyal are very effective and readers enjoy those poems by heart.
   The garhwali critic and Garhwali literature publisher Nathi Prasad Suyal states , “ In the poems of Dandriyal , we find the mixer of realism, experiencing , pain for wrong changes happenings, and at the same time the poet provide suggestions to as teacher but differently than his predecessor Garhwali poets.”
  Bhishma Kukreti wrote in the special issue of Hamri Chitthi about Kanhya Lal Dandriyal that the poems of Anjwal of Kanhya Lal Dandriyal are the inner experiences of a Garhwali women, which no Garhwali poet could touch so marvelously as Dandriyal did . Kukreti called Dandriyal as Ardh NariIswar at the time of creating poetries.
    About the poems of Anjwal, Nathi Prasad Suyal and Dr Govind Chatak rightly said that Dandriyal did not leave any important aspect of life in Garhwal and life of migrated common Garhwalis.
  Jaipal Singh Rawat a famous Garhwali symbolic poet state that no Garhwali poets of past as Dandriyal used Garhwali symbols so perfectly that even a common person can fully understand the meaning and insight of poems of Dandriyal.
  Parashar Gaud the great admirer of Kanhaya Lal Dandriyal  finds that Kanhaya Lal Dandriyal was expert of creating real images of rural Garhwal and life sketches of common migrated Garhwalis so effectively that makes him one of the greatest poets of  all world languages.
 Each poems of Anjwal take the readers to one important aspect of garhwali life of sixties and before.
 Kanhya lal Dandriyal was the master of garhwali vocabulary and this poetry collection is the proof. The poems are so simple and under stable that a migrated Garhwali who never read Garhwali literature will also read all poems and will enjoy.
Anjwal is a heritage of world languages  literature and we should arrange proper distribution of this poetry collection all corners of world among Garhwalis.
Anjwal
Poet : Kanhya Lal Dandriyal
Publisher:
Maulyar Prakashan
7 D, L.P. Maurya Enclave
Peetampura, Delhi, 110088
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti, Mumbai, India, 2010
 

History of Indian Language Literature
History of Himalayan  Literature
History of Garhwali Literature
Critical History of Garhwali Poetry
Parvati : Collection of 100 Lyrical Garhwali Poems by Abodh Bandhu Bahuguna
                            Bhishma Kukreti
           Abodh Bandhu Bahuguna does not need any introduction in Garhwali literature. Bahuguna did not leave any creative field of language literature in garhwali which, he did not touch. Parvati is poetry collection createdd by Abodh in fifties and sistees and published in 1966 (second edition published in 1994 with Hindi translation of all poems )
                    Famous Garhwali language critic Dr Govind Chatak rightly said that there is enthusiasm of youth and there is pathos in the poems because there are hundred Garhwali poems in Parvati and all are with different subjects, diverse emotions and raptures.  Dr Chatak further states that in this poetry collection, Bahuguna touched many known and unknown subject related to society and the hope or aspiration of developing garhwali society.
   Writing introductory note, dr Shiva Nand Nautiyal describes the poems of Bahuguna of Parvati as showing the reality of place (Garhwal) , time and aroma of Garhwal. However, this author feels that the poems are aimed for intellectual people than common men.
  Bahuguna narrates the life of Garhwali women very effectively and shows her different role as child she is sister of younger ones, lover, mother, grand mother , a hard worker, an economist, and warrior too . Bahuguna has been successful in showing the emotions of women’ pain, love, separation from her husband , waiting for good happening for her and family members, struggle in caring for family at all stages of life, sacrifices of Garhwali women.
 Abodh Bandhu Bahuguna reaches on his height when he recites the struggle of Garhwalis in their village. The readers  relate their life with the poems and that make Bahuguna  a successful poet of Garhwali.
    In totality there are more than hundred subject in this poetry collection, which Bahuguna touched efficiently .
   From language point of view, he used all types of words aimed mostly to intellectuals and even his experiment on creating new words are aimed to intellectuals rather than common men. This author is of opinion that nothing is wrong for aiming intellectuals by Bahuguna.
  From the points of view of poetic construction, subject and total effect  , renowned garhwali literature expert Dr Hari  Datt Bhatt Shailesh states that there is mirror of Garhwal in the poems of Bahuguna.  Balvant Singh Bisht stresses that the poems of Abodh Bahuguna are sensual and sensitive.
 This poetry collection Parvati has significance in Garhwali literature because after its publications the poets of Garhwali language got inspiration and hope that there is substance in creating and publishing Garhwali literature.
Parvati
Collection of 100  lyrical Garhwali poems
(first edition in 1966 and second edition in 1994)
By : Abodh Bandhu Bahuguna
Garhwali Prakashan
B-2, B 48, Janakpuri, New Delhi 110058
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti, Mumbai, India, 2010