MeraPahad Community Of Uttarakhand Lovers

             Kedara Garhwali Folk Dance-Song ---केदारा नृत्य गीत

Characteristics of Garhwali Folk Dramas, Folk Theater/Rituals and Traditional Plays part -190         
                         Folk Dance-Songs in Garhwali Folk Dramas -1
                     
                     Presented by Bhishma Kukreti (Folk Literature Research Scholar)
              Kedara dance-song is a religious folk dance-song. The other and past name of Garhwal is Kedar. Kedar is a name for Lord Shiva.
  The Kedara dance-song is performed on New Year that is Vishuvar Sankranti or Vaishakhi. The dance devoted to Shiv worshipping on Baishakhi is called Kedara dance-song. The Kedara dance-song is categorized in Samuhik Samajik Nritya Geet by Dr. Shiva Nand Nautiyal.   

     People take bath and go to Shiva temple. The Auji (Dhol players) play the Dhol-Damau.
First Auji plays Dhol-Damau as per Dhol Sagar and praise Lord Shiva. Shiv Pujan is performed by offering Belptra and milk to Shiva Ling.
  While playing Dhol-Damau, Auji sing the following Songs one by one

         केदारा  नृत्य गीत : गढवाल का एक लोक नृत्य गीत

अन्नमंतो , धन्नमंतो कैदे केदारs  एक केदारा लोकगीत
हेss देवाss नमोss  नमोss     
शान्ति देवा , शान्ति केदारs।
अन्न देवा , धन्न देवा
सुख देवा , शान्ति देवा केदारs ।
मनखि बुद्ध देवा , गौड़ी दुद देवा
देवा यीं भूमि तैं वरदान -केदारs ।
कांडों नि बैठो खुट मा , सुखी रैने सबी
अन्नमंतो , धन्नमंतो कैदे केदारs
(s -आधी अ )

कैलाश का भोला  मादेव , तीला धारु बोला एक केदारा लोकगीत
ढुंगा  ढोळी गारी ,
कैलाश का भोला मादेव , भगतू का हितकारी ,कैलाश का भोला  मादेव , तीला धारु बोला
पीपल की छाया
जु तेरी शरण मा आया , वै तैं कनी बरदान द्याया . कैलाश का भोला  मादेव , तीला धारु बोला
घास काटो घाया
हिमगिरी की नौनी पारबती , तिन बड़ो टप कया .  कैलाश का भोला  मादेव , तीला धारु बोला
पाणी की च परात
भूत गण पैटीन  पारबती जी, तेरी बरात . कैलाश का भोला  मादेव , तीला धारु बोला
ढुंगा पीसी गारी
कनु ऐन मादेव जी , बल्द की सवारी . कैलाश का भोला  मादेव , तीला धारु बोला
देखे जालो ऐना
सोराग बिटेन , द्यब्तोंन कन फूल बरसैना . कैलाश का भोला  मादेव , तीला धारु बोला
घीड़ा लाई काखी
कैलाश का भोला मादेव , छाया अपणि राखी . कैलाश का भोला  मादेव , तीला धारु बोला
गुलाब को फूल
एक हात मा डौंरु बाजे , एक हात मा तिरसूल . कैलाश का भोला  मादेव , तीला धारु बोला
घोटी जाली भंग
कैलाश मा कनु बिराजे , पारबती को संग . कैलाश का भोला  मादेव , तीला धारु बोला
धोती धोई सफेदा
गल़ो उंदी भलो बिराजे , सरपो का लपेदा. कैलाश का भोला  मादेव , तीला धारु बोला
घेंटी जाओ कीलो
जब तेरो डौंरु बाजी , तीन लोक हीलो . कैलाश का भोला  मादेव , तीला धारु बोला
कखड़ी को खेरो
कैलाश को भोला मादेव बोलो रैगे तेरो . कैलाश का भोला  मादेव , तीला धारु बोला
Who does not know the kindness of great donor Bhola of Kailash !
Whoever got his asylum he got desired results. Mahadev of Kailash is kind and beneficial to his devotees.
Hey Parvati , the daughter of Himalaya ! you did great 'tap' that you got husband as lord Shivjee
Watch ! Bhut are in your marriage procession.
Lord shiva who is with snake garlands is groom.
He rides on bull
There is drum in his one hand and trident in other hand
Deities became happy on this marriage and threw flowers on bride and groom
The sound of your drum shakes the earth. Everybody knows about your rage and kindness
O lord! be kind on us
# Song collected by Keshav Anuragi
 @गीत स्रोत्र केशव अनुरागी (नाद नंदनी (अप्रकाशित ))
संदर्भ -डा. शिवा नन्द नौटियाल , गढवाल के लोक नृत्यगीत page 247-48


                 Dance for Kedara Song

 People take part in Shiva Puja performances first.
  The Auji pair play Dhol-Damau and Sing the Worshipping Song for Lord Shiva and people dance in a circle. The dance is somehow as Pando but very slow speed and rhythm.
 Kedara dance has two facets slow rhythm and fast rhythm.
After finishing above worshipping songs, the Dhol Play gets different Tal and the rhytham or Tal becomes Tandava Nritya.
In Tandav Nritya , a specific dress is wore by main dancer and assisting dancers (Mirjai and Rebdar Sular).
Main dancer (incarnated Shiva) dances following four types of Tandav Nritya-
1-Sanhar Tandav Nritya (Distructive form of Shiva)
2-Dakshin Murti Swarup Nritya ( Shubh or auspicious form)
3-Anugrahmurti Swarup (Blessing form)
4- Nritya Murti (Great Dancer)
The other dancers dance as per rhythm of main dancer (who leads dance) . The above Kedara dance-song is performed in temples of Tungntha, Kalpeshwar, Madameshwar, Ekeshwar, Kyunkleshwar, Koteshwar, Kamleshwar and other Shiva temples.

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti 2/8/2014 for interpretation notes   
Contact ID -bckukreti@gmail.com

Characteristics of Garhwali Folk Drama, Community Dramas; Folk Theater/Rituals and Traditional to be continued in next chapter
                                        References
1-Dr Shiva Nand Nautiyal, Garhwal ke Loknritya geet
2- Keshav Anuragi, Nad Nadani (Unpublished)
3- Dayashankar Bhatt  , Divya Sangit (Unpublished)
4- Glossary of Indian Classic Music

History of Non Amicable relationship of Prithvipati Shah with Shah Jahan

History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -150     

   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -397 
 
                       By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)

      Appointment of Khalilullah Khan by Shahjahan for Capturing Garhwal

       Garhwal had been a pain in the neck for all Mughal Emperors. There had been tens of stories about Garhwal and Garhwalis that there are gold mines in Garhwal and inhabitants are Rakshas. Garhwal was unwinnable for Mughals.
         Mughal Emperor Shahjahan appointed (an Ujbek )  and his commander Khallilula Khan to capture Garhwal region. Khalilullah Khan won a couple of wars in western Hilly regions as Kabul, Balakh. Khallilula Khan won Balakh battle with Aurangzeb to for Shahjahan. Khallilula Khan was energetic, enthusiastic, brave and experienced commander for Shahjahan.

         Order for Sirmaur King Shaubhagya Prakash from Shahjahan

   Most probably, Khallilullah Khan reached south plains of Sirmaur hills with his army. Khallilula Khan brought a farman (order) for newly crowned Sirmaur king Shaubhagy Prakash. Sirmaur was under Shahjahan. The order accepted Saubhagya Prakash as king of Sirmaur.
          Another order was of 24th Muhrram 1065 Hijari (1654-1655) that informed Saubhagya Prakash that Khallilula Khan is being deputed to capture Garhwal with ten thousand soldiers. Bairam Khan was assistant commander of Khallilula Khan. Shahjhan ordered Saubhagya Prakash to help Khallilullah Khan.
Though Sirmaur was a free state but was totally dependent on Mughal for its existence. Sirmaur Kingdom used to supply snow to Mughal Court Kitchen from February to September. Sirmaur is referred as ‘Barfi Raja’ in Mughal inscriptions.
 Sirmaur Kingdom was natural enemy of Garhwal Kingdom. Therefore, Sirmaur King Saubhagya Prakash marched with his army with Khalilullah Khan Army towards Garhwal border. Perhaps other Himachal kings who were defeated by Prithvipati Shah also helped Khallilula Khan. Shahjhan ordered Kumaon King Bajbahadur to help Khallilula Khan.

                         Capturing Doon Valley (Dehradun) by Mughal Army

       The Mughal Army of ten thousand soldiers, army of Sirmaur king Saubhagya Prakash, army of smaller Kings of hills of Himachal led by Khalilullah Khan crossed Yamuna River and entered Doon region of Garhwal. 
  According to Enayat Khan (Shahjahannama), Doon region was extended between east of Yamuna and west of Ganga Rivers. The length of Doon was forty miles (bees kos) and width was ten miles (five Kos). There were prosperous villages and towns ( Mauja and Mahal).
  Garhwal army was weak as compared to Mughal army. Therefore, Garhwal army did not resist and Mughal Army captured Doon region easily.
 There was need of camps for Mughal soldiers for stable rule over Doon. Within a week, Khalilullah Khan built a stable Camp of Mud at Kilaghar (Kaulagarh) for soldiers. Khalilullah handed over the camp to his mansabdar and two gun fighters.

           Looting and Killings by Mughal Army
    Khalilullah Khan forwarded his army towards Bahadurkhanpur (Bahadurshah pur). The people of nearby villages ran towards hills and forests for protection from Mughal repression. Khalilullah Khan sent his army to capture those people. The Mughal army captured inncent people and killed many of them. Mughal army behaved with people with cruelty and Mughal soldiers made people their slaves. Mughal soldiers got uncountable animals from villages.

                                Building Stable Army Camps
 
  Khalilullah Khan built stable Army Camps in Doon valley at following places –
 1-Kilaghar (Kaulagarh)- As mentioned above
2-Bhahadurkhanpur (Bahadurshahpur)- Khan handed over this camp to a faithful officer subordinated by Mansabdar and 500 gun fighters.
3-Basantpur- Khalil-Ullah Khan camped at hill platue. He built a Mud Fort for his soldiers. Khan appointed a Mansabdar and 250 gunfighters for the camp.
4-Sahaspur- Khalil-Ullah Khan found ruins of old fort in Sahaspur. He rebuilt the fort and handed over the fort to his confident officer. There were 250 gun fighters in the rebuilt fort to protect Mughal interest.

                                          Capturing Thana-Chandi
    After establishing rule over Doon valley, Mughal Army marched towards Rishikesh. The Army reached at the bank of Ganga.  Khan ordered his soldiers to cross Ganga. Soldiers crossed Ganga and reached (present Pauri Garhwal) Thana Chandi. Mughal army captured Chandi camp. Mughal Army pushed out Garhwal army from Thana Chandi.

            Arrival of Kumaon King Bajbahadur Chandra in Garhwal

  In 1653, Mughal Emperor made a strategy to capture Garhwal intending taking help from Himachal region kings and Kumaon King Bajbahadur Chand. However, due to death of Sairmaur King Madhata Prakash the planning was postponed. In 1654-55, Shajhan sent his confident commander Khalilullah Khan to capture Garhwal. Khalilullah Khan was successful in capturing Doon valley, Lakshman Jhula, Swargashram, Chandi and Bhabhar region. Kumaon King Bajbahadur Chandra paid visit to Khalilullah Khan in his camp at the bank of Ganga. Shahjahan sent a farman (order) and gem gifts for Kumaon King (Kumaon ka Jagirdar). Bajbahadur was asked to attack on east Garhwal.

             Arrival of Monsoon
 Before, Khalilullah Khan would advance towards hills of Garhwal and Kumaon King would attack on Garhwal Monsoon arrived.  Mughal army had knowledge that in past, Mughal army was defeated by Garhwal army due to rainy season. The rainy season of Garhwal was never been suitable for outside army. Therefore, Khalil-Ullah Khan was advised to postpone further advancement towards hills. However, Bajbahadur Chand was free to attack on Garhwal.

                          Mughal Administration in Doon Valley
       
 The annual income of Doon region was rupees one and half lakhs. Chaturbhuj Chauhan was handed over to administrate Doon region. Chaturbhuj Chauhan was dedh hajari Mansabdar and was very much interested to be Mansabdar of Doon valley. Chaturbhuj Chauhan was local strategist with Khalilullah Khan in Doon valley campaign. Most probably, Chaturbhuj Chauhan was asked to attack hills of Garhwal after rainy season.
 Hardwar chief Nagar Das was made in charge of Chandi, Lakshman Jhula, Swarashram (today’s Udaipur Patti region of Pauri Garhwal). 
 Khalil-Ullah returned to the Mughal capital after establishing administration in Dun valley and Chandi region.
                   Award to Saubhagya Prakash of Sirmaur
     
 Sirmaur chief Saubhagya Prakash was in campaign of capturing Dun region with Khalil-Ullah Khan. There is no record about Shahjhan awarding Saubhagya Prakash and other small chiefs of Himachal region. An Mughal Order (farman) of 1655 preserved in Sirmaur records state that Shahjahan informed Saubhagya Prakash that he would be awarded as per recommendation of Khalil-Ullah Khan. 
Saubhagya Prakash was also ordered to capture Kotadun region. Saubhagya Prakash captured Kotadun by pushing away the Jameendar of Kota. There is no record about which Kotadun. Kotadun was also in Sirmaur region and Doon region. Doon or Dun means a valley and Kota means Fort.
Shahjhan sent a farman in 1655 (22 Jamad –ul-abbal Hijari 1065).

      Attack of Kumaon ruler Bajbahadur Chandra on Garhwal

    After getting gem gifts and order from Shahjhan, Kumaon King was pleased. Bajbahadur sent his two platoons to attack on Garhwal –one towards Pindar-Badhan and other towards Lohaba. Bajbahadur captured Juniyagarh fort of Chaukot of Garhwal.
 Garhwal King was in trouble due to attacks from four sides Mughal attack from Dun and Chandi and two side attacks from Kumaon.

                          Shahjahan Awarding Bajbahadur Chandra

  Before, Bajbahadur attacked on Garhwal for helping Mughal Empire, was called Baj Chandra. Shah Jahan ordered him to have name as Bajbahadur.  Bajbahadur went to Shahjahan for paying tribute and getting award.
 Bajbahdur took gifts for the Mughal Emperor Shahjahan and his eldest son Dara Shukoh.
Shahjahan also permitted to play Nakkara (Damu) to Bajbahadur. Mughal Emperor offered gem ornament gifts to Bajbahadur.
  Tarai region of Kumaon was under Katheriyas. Bajbahadur requested back Tarai. Shahjhan accepted request and offered a farman Bajbahadur being Jagirdar of Tarai too. With the help of Mughal commander of Moradabad Nabab Rustamkhan and Khalil-Ullah Khan Kumaon King captured Tarai region from Kateriyas.
  Garhwal Kingdom recapturing lost territories from Kumaon

  Kumaon army captured some part of east –north Garhwal; Bajbahadur Chandra had to march towards Tibet to suppress the looters of Tibet who used to harass Mansarovar pilgrims. Taking advantage, Garhwali army fought with Kumaon army and freed the Garhwal territory from Kumaoni army.   

    Recapturing some parts of Dun region by Garhwal Army

   Garhwal army was trying to get free Dun / Doon region from Mughal rule. Garhwal army recaptured Santurgarh and nearby region from Mughal. Prithvipati Shah asked soldiers to repair fortress. Garhwali army used to flank on Mughal army.
             Kasimkhan attacking Garhwal Army
 Garhwal army used to flank on Mughal soldiers and used to kill or repress them regularly. Getting information about regular encroachment by Garhwal Army, Shahjahan deputed Kasim Khan Mir Atish to help Mughal army of Dun region. Kasim Khan came to Garhwal with four thousand soldiers. Kasimkhan surrounded Santurgarh fort with high speed.  Garhwali soldiers ran away from Santurgarh fort and they let fire on food and on roof of houses.
                   Prithvipati Shah Accepting Supremacy of Mughal Empire
 
 Due to regular attacks by Mughal soldiers on Garhwal from south and enmities with Kumaon (east of Garhwal) and Sirmaur, Basher (west of Garhwal), it was not possible for Prithvipati Shah to be protected from all those enemies. Prithvipati Shah decided to take sugation under Shahjahan the Mughal Emperor.
Prithvipati sent a few long letters to Jahannara Begum Sahib the daughter of Shahjahan, Prithvipati informed that he was devotee of Shahjahan and he was innocent. Prithvipati Shah requested her to tell Dara Shikoh to request Shahjahan for offering shelter to Garhwal Kingdom.
  Dara Shikoh the eldest Son of Shah Jahan assured Prithvipati Singh for taking his matter with Shah Jahan sympathetically. Dara Shikoh convinced Shah Jahan to pardon Garhwal king and made Shah Jahan have a treaty with Garhwal.
 
                   Medani Singh in Delhi Mughal Court

  After getting assurance from Dara Shikoh, Prithvipati Singh (Shah) sent his son Medani Singh (Shah) to Delhi for meeting with Shah Jahan. Medani Singh reached to Delhi and met with Dara Shikoh.
 On 30th July 1656, Medani Shah met Shahjahan with Dara Shikoh. Medani Shah offered gifts from his father Shahjahan for one thousand Asharfi (gold coins).
According to Maularam, an ambassador praised Prithvipati Shah before Shah Jahan. The ambassador said that Prithvipati Singh is brave and wise. He told to Mughal Emperor that Meer Mughal was killed due to his foolishness. Dara Shikoh and other sons of Shah Jahan also advised Shahjahan that the brave king Prithvipati Shah would be more helpful to Mughal Empire in need. Shahjahan pardoned Prithvipati Shah.
 According to historian Kanoongo, Shahjahan offered gifts of gemmed Khiliat, gems, hand ornament embroidered by gems, a Kipchak horse with silver saddle.
Shahjahan returned the Doon and Bhabhar territories back to Garhwal Kingdom.
Maularam stated that Shahjahan offered Shahjhan sent his ambassador to Shrinagar with gifts of gemmed Khiliat, Dushala, eleven horses.


Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 3/8/2014
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -398
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter ….
XX    
Notes on South Asian Medieval History of Garhwal;  SouthAsian Medieval History of Pauri Garhwal;  Medieval History of Chamoli Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Rudraprayag Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Tehri Garhwal;  Medieval History of Uttarkashi Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Dehradun, Garhwal;  Medieval History of Haridwar ;  South Asian Medieval History of Manglaur, Haridwar;  South Asian Medieval History of Rurkee Haridwar ;  South Asian Medieval History of Bahadarpur Haridwar ; South Asian History of Haridwar district to be continued
XX
History of Non Amicable relationship of Garhwal King Prithvipati Shah with Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan; History of Non Amicable relationship of Garhwal King Prithvipati Shah with Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in context History of Pauri Garhwal; History of Non Amicable relationship of Garhwal King Prithvipati Shah with Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in context History of Chamoli Garhwal; History of Non Amicable relationship of Garhwal King Prithvipati Shah with Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in context History of Rudraprayag Garhwal; History of Non Amicable relationship of Garhwal King Prithvipati Shah with Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in context History of Tehri Garhwal; History of Non Amicable relationship of Garhwal King Prithvipati Shah with Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in context History of Uttarkashi Garhwal; History of Non Amicable relationship of Garhwal King Prithvipati Shah with Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in context History of Dehradun Garhwal; History of Non Amicable relationship of Garhwal King Prithvipati Shah with Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in context History of Haridwar Garhwal; History of Non Amicable relationship of Garhwal King Prithvipati Shah with Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in context History of Himachal Pradesh; History of Non Amicable relationship of Garhwal King Prithvipati Shah with Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in context History of Kumaon;

 History of Garhwal King Offering Asylum to Mughal Prince Suleman Shikoh

History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -151     

   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -398 
 
                       By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)

                    Struggle for Mughal Crown among Sons of Shah Jahan

              There was peace in Garhwal for two years from 1655-1657. Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan fell ill in 1657. Shah Jahan could not come out for seven days. His elder son Dara Shikoh was looking after Delhi rule. Shah Jahan declared Dara as his heir. However, other sons of Shah Jahan Shuja, Murad and Auranzeb wanted to become Emperor.
       When three sons of Shah Jahan came to know about serious illness of Shah Jahan they all started their journey to capture capital. In 1658, the combined armies of Aurangzeb and Murad defeated Dara Shikoh in Samugarh battle. Dara ran to Lahore for reconciling his army. Aurangzeb caught Murad and put him in prison and declared himself as Hindustan ka Badshah (Emperor of India). Aurangzeb put his father in Agra prison.
    Suleman Shikoh the son of Dara Shikoh was in Allahabad Fort with 18000 soldiers. Cammanders Dilirakhan and Jay Singh were with him. Therefore, Aurangzeb sent his army to Allahabad for getting Diler Khan and Jay Singh with his side. Aurangzeb sent another battalion to Lahore to capture Dara Shikoh.
  Aurangzeb knew that Suleman Shikoh would meet his father with 18000 soldiers. Therefore, Aurangzeb wanted that Suleman and Dara never met.

                  Well Wishers Leaving Suleman Shikoh



   Suleman was twenty five years old strong boy. Shah Jahan liked his eldest grandson very much and the Emperor offered various precious articles to his grandson. Raja Jay Singh was local guardian of Prince Suleman Shikoh.
            On 2nd July 1658, Suleman came to know that Aurangzeb and Murad defeated his father in Samugarh and advancing to Agra and Delhi. The information stirred the Mughal Army in Allahabad fort.
            King Jay Singh advised Suleman Shikoh to take shelter in Shrinagar, Garhwal. This shows that Garhwal Prince Medni Shah had built good relation with Dara Shikoh and his family members.
  Suleman marched towards Garhwal. However, his aides Jay Singh and Dilirkhan deceived him and took the side of Aurangzeb. They marched to meet new Emperor Aurangzeb. Before marching to Delhi or Agra, they sent a small army to loot Suleman Shikoh. The army looted precious items from Suleman‘s army and looted an elephant full of golden coins.

                                 Suleman Shikoh towards Nagina

   Most of army of Allahabad fort ran away leaving Suleman in disarray, His guardian Baki Beg and six thousand soldiers remained with him. Sayyads of his helping man Barha advised him  to cross Ganga and Yamuna and reach to Lahore to meet his father. The suggested rout for Lahore from Allahabad was safer from Aurangzeb army.
  Suleman had gem embroidered cots, chairs and other precious materials and an army of women in Heram. At the end , he left all unimportant and non movable items with women in Allahabad under the supervision of Kasim and started his journey on 14th June 1658 towards Lahore from Allahabad,
 He had a few soldiers and wealth. He crossed Ganga at Allahabad and reached Nagina through Lucknow. In Nagina, he took two lakh rupees from Mughal treasurer. However, no body was ready to cross him Ganga River at Nagina. The boatmen took away bots other bank that Suleman did not get boats.

               Suleman Shikoh at Chandi Ghat
 When Suleman did not get cooperation from Nagina to cross Ganga he preceded journey towards Chandi Ghat near today’s Swargashram (east bank of Ganga). He took road rout to Chandi Ghat from today’s Nazibabad.
 Suleman Shikoh stayed a couple of days in Chandi Ghat. Suleman sent his faithful man Bhawani Das  to Prithvipati Shah at Shrinagar for helping him to cross Ganga at Chandi Ghat.

                     Obstructing the Roads and Ports by Aurangzeb
             Aurangzeb came to the planning of Suleman Shikoh for crossing Ganga River. Aurangzeb sent Shaystakhan to obstruct the port for Suleman at Haridwar and Chandighat and Shekh Meer to obstruct ports of Yamuna River.
  Before, Aurangzeb declared himself the Emperor, in 1657-58; he sent a secret message or Farman to Sirmaur King to look after the activities of Dara Shikoh and his supporters in that regions. The letter was sent through Shahzada Muhammad Sultan.
 Fidaikhan the deputy commander of Shaystakhan reached to Gadhmukteshwar Ganga port with army presuming that Suleman Shikoh would come to Puth Ghat eight miles away south to Gadhmukteshwar to cross Ganga.  There he got a letter from Kumaon King Bajbhadur Chandra that Suleman Shikoh had gone towards Chandi Ghat  (in between Swargashram and east of Haridwar)   and Garhwal King Prithvipati Shah would help Suleman Shikoh in crossing Ganga at Haridwar or Chandi Ghat.
 Getting information, Fidaikhan marched towards Haridwar from Gadhmukteshwar. He reached Haridwar at noon covering 160 miles of journey within in 24 hours.On the same noon Suleman was standing at east of Ganga there to cross Ganga. Though, Fidaikhan had fifty soldiers but he spread the rumor that Shaystakhand was in Haridwar with thousands of soldiers.
  Suleman Shikoh cancelled the idea of crossing Ganga to reach towards Lahore. Suleman decided to take shelter in Shrinagar Garhwal.

               Aurangzeb’s Commanders Pushing Back Suleman Shikoh
  Perhaps the Mughal soldiers tried to catch Suleman Shikoh. Aurangzeb appointed King Rajrup as in charge of Chandi Police station. Rajrup was asked to be at the site and not to allow Suleman Shikoh to cross Ganga.
          There was supporting army of Dara Shikoh at the base of Kokila (Shivalik shrine) hills. The army of Rajrup came from other side and attacked on the army of Suleman Shikoh or Dara. There was fight between two armies. Suleman had to run away from the site.

                     Suleman at Laldhang (Kotdwara)

             Suleman had to take another rout. Suleman Shikoh started his journey from Chandi Ghat to Laldhang (present Kotdwara).  His main confident Sayyed of Barha belonged to Meerut and was axcious about his family in Meerut. He left Suleman Shikoh and went to Meerut. The most confident of Suleman Baki Beg also died on the way. Many soldiers were with Suleman because of Baki beg. After death of Beg, many soldiers left Suleman Shikoh. Now, Suleman had only two thousand soldiers.

                     Conditions of Sheltering for Suleman Shikoh
               When Suleman and his party reached at Kotdwara (Laldhang) , there were officers from Garhwal kingdom and messengers of Suleman Shikoh. There were soldiers from Garhwal Kingdom to protect Suleman Shikoh.
 Garhwal Kingdom officers took Suleman at Amsaud. There perhaps, Garhwal King Prithvipati Shah was present and he told to Suleman Shikoh that Garhwal king was ready to offer shelter to Mughal Prince. However, Garhwal King reuested Suleman to leave his army, elephant, horses in plan only. Garhwal King made Suleman understand that the road towards Shrinagar is not suitable for elephant, horses and soldiers from plains. Garhwal King suggested Suleman Shikoh to take minimum soldiers and only family members for Shrinagar.
 It was uneasy for Suleman to take such decision the he goes without soldiers with Unknown King. Suleman stayed back in Amsaud or Laldhang for a week. All the roads were blocked to reach in plains by Aurangzeb Armed forces. 

                   Suleman Shikoh under the influence of Swindlers

              Suleman Shah became ready to accept the conditions of Garhwal King. He was ready to leave his army and other relative at Amsaud.  However, a few soldiers suggested Suleman that is was not better to go with strange King. They suggested Suleman to return Allahabad.  They showed him a forged letter from Shuja that he was in Allahabad to fight back with Aurangzeb.
                    Suleman Shikoh denied the condition of Garhwal King and went from Amsaud towards Nagina.
            Many of soldiers left him and looted his wealth too. Suleman had only 700 people including hundred of women. In between many other left him. Now, when he reached Nagina there were only 200 -300people including 100 -200 women.
      Getting information, the Moradabad commander Kasim khan with his army reached to Nagina to capture him. Now, Suleman did not have any alternate accept to run away towards Shrinagar.
                  Leaving his women and soldiers and scanty wealth at Nagina ran towards Kotdwara.
        Moradabad commander Kasim Khan reached to Nagina with soldiers to capture Suleman Shikoh. When Kasim Khan reached at Nagina he knew that Suleman left Nagina 18 hours earlier. When Suleman reached Kotdwara he was with his wife, a couple of women, co-brother Muhammad Shah Koka, officer Shyam Sundar Tunwar and his son Haridas, nine ten soldiers. 
         Now, it was rainy season and Suleman had to flee towards Shrinagar for shelter. From Nagina to Kotdwara, a couple of soldiers ran away with silver coins stock.  Suleman Shikoh reached Shrinagar in August 1658.
 On 10th August 1658, Shekh Meer and Dilirekh Khan informed Aurangzeb at Satlaz bank that Prince Suleman Khan had taken shelter in Shrinagar Garhwal.

                 Garhwal King Welcoming Suleman Shikoh in Shrinagar Garhwal

  When Suleman Shikoh reached at Shrinagar, the Garhwal King felt pity on the bad condition of Mughal Prince. Two years back, Dara Shikoh helped Prithvipati Shah by approaching Shah Jahan.  Prithvipati Shah repaired old palace and made Suleman to stay there.
     Khafikhan wrote in Muntkhab -al-Lubab that Garhwal King putt Suleman Shikoh in prison for looting his wealth. It is totally an absurd statement as Garhwal King took jewels, gold coins from Suleman in Shrinagar and put him in Jail. Garhwal King would have looted Suleman n Amsaud, Kotdwara itself.

              Garhwal King marrying hi s Daughter with Suleman Shikoh
  There is another debatable historical reference that Garhwal King Prithvipati Shah married his daughter with Suleman Shikoh.  Muhammad Masoom stated in Tarikh-e- Shah Shuzai. Based on the writing of Massom, Sarkar, Kanoongo and Rahul stated that Garhwal King married his daughter with Suleman.
The following factors should be kept in mind before believing on such statement
1-Massom was old servant of Prince Shuza.  Masoom had already served Sipihar Shikoh (son of Dara Shikoh) and Muhammad Sultan (eldest son of Aurangzeb).  Masoom used to live in Bengal. He wrote Tarikh-e- Shah Shuzai in 1660 on the basis of stories told by others to him. Historian Yadunath Sarkar also confirmed that there are exaggerations in the writings of Masoom.  Many incidents are totally based on distorted rumors in Tarikh-e- Shah Shuzai. Masum did not know about Shrinagar and the reality in Shrinagar sitting in Bengal.
2- Suleman Shikoh came to Shrinagar in much disarrayed conditions. To marry his daughter by Garhwal King does not satisfy the logical points. Definitely, Prithvipati Shah was aware the speedy actions of Aurangzeb   and the officers of Mughal court taking sides of Aurangzeb. Definitely, the future of Suleman was not certain and peaceful. In those conditions Prtithvipati marrying his daughter with Suleman does not suit the points.
3- Prithvipati Shah had knowledge about weak position of Dara Shikoh and nobody at that time could view that Dara would come power defeating Aurangzeb.
4- Shyam Das (Diwan of Suleman) also came with Suleman Shikoh to Shrinagar. Poet Maularam was grandson of Shyam Das. Maularam created history of Pal Kings as Gadhrajyvanshankavya. Maularam never mention about Prithvipati Shah marrying his daughter with Suleman Shikoh. Definitely, Maularam had more realistic knowledge about Suleman Shikoh than Masum.
Therefore, the statement of Masum (Tarikh-e-Shah Shujai) is definitely an imagination based on distorted rumor.
                Worries of Aurangzeb about Suleman Shikoh in Shrinagar Garhwal
       Aurangzeb was a worried man after he jailed his father Shah Jahan and declared him as Mughal Emperor. 
 Garhwal Kingdom was perceived a strong kingdom and his armed forces were supposed to be fearless while fighting, faithful, devotees to the state or their masters. Aurangzeb had apprehension that Shrinagar was away eight days from Agra and Prithvipati Shah would attack Agra for releasing Shah Jahan.  Aurangzeb came to know that his brother Shuza was advancing towards Allahabad and would inspire Garhwal Kingdom would help him to attack on Aurangzeb.
        Aurangzeb was worried more that if he would go after Dara Shikoh, the devotees of Dara would free Shah Jahan. He was also worried about the strength of Garhwal Kingdom where Suleman Shikoh was staying.

     Aurangzeb Obstructing Communication Line between Dara and Suleman Shikoh

            Aurangzeb had apprehension that Suleman Shikoh would send his messenger to father Dara Shikoh and they would obstruct the planning of Aurangzeb.  Aurangzeb sent a secret Farman (order) to Saubhagya Prakash the Sirmaur King and asked him to stop the communication line between Suleman and Dara. Aurangzeb asked Saubhagya Prakash that he should check all message being communicated from Dara to Suleman or vice versa.   Saubhagya Prakash requested to increase numbers of guards. Aurangzeb accepted request of Saubhagya Prakash and asked him to pay personal attention of communication line of Dara and Suleman.
             
         Threats from Aurangzeb to Garhwal Kingdom

               It was not easy for Aurangzeb to win over Garhwal Kingdom especially hill regions. On that time, the opportunity was not easy to send huge army from Mughal Empire. Aurangzeb ordered to commander Raja Jay Singh to get back Suleman Shikoh by all means –division, punishment and price.
  King Jay Singh sent many letters to Prithvipati Shah to return Suleman Shikoh back to Mughal Empire. Jay Singh lured by money to Prithvipati Shah. At last, Jay Singh threatened Garhwal King for heavy punishment. Garhwal King sent messages that Suleman had departed for other hill regions but Jay Singh did not believe on such messages. At Last Prithvipati Shah wrote that “ I am ready to loose whole Kingdom but I am not ready to sacrifice the person under my shelter.”

          Mughal Attacks on Garhwal for Suleman Shikoh

  When Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb was convinced that Garhwal King would not hand over Suleman Shikoh easily he ordered his aides to attack on hill Kingdom from all directions. Aurangzeb sent soldiers those were expert in making roads and cutting spiky bushes. The soldiers could not do much harm to Garhwal Kingdom. Aurangzeb asked army to retreat. There was rule of Mughal on Doon valley and Bhabhar region till 1683. Houses were built for military officers and administrative officers in Raiwala, Dehradun.

                Hill Kingdoms Attacking Garhwal Kingdom
  Aurangzeb lured a minister of Garhwal Kingdom to kill Suleman Shikoh and minister would be given Garhwal Kingdom. It is said (Bernier, Sarkar, Kanungo, Raturi, Rahul) that the minister of Prithvipati Shah put poison of food for Suleman Shikoh. However, Suleman diffused the conspiracy by testing food by feeding food first to cat. Suleman Shikoh informed the event to the King. Prithvipati Shah dismissed his minister.
 Hill kingdoms were eager to distribute Garhwal Kingdom among themselves. By offering asylum to Suleman Shikoh, Prithvipati Shah invited adversary for Garhwal. Many ministers and King family members were opposing asylum to Suleman Shikoh. Medani Shah the son of Prithvipati Shah followed Aurangzeb and took administration in his hand by firing his father from crown ship. Perhaps many ministers, King family members, elites helped Medani Shah in displacing Prithvipati Shah from kingship. Now, Prithvipati Shah was no more King of Garhwal. Perhaps before November 1660, Medani Shah took charge as King of Garhwal

                        Characteristics of Prithvipati Shah
  According to Maularam, Prithvipati Shah was a religious man and brave person. Garhwal King Prithvipati Shah used to offer respect and awards to scholars, poets and Pundits. Maularam mentions that Prithvipati Shah offered one thousand rupees to a poet for his nice poetry. Prithvipati Shah was alive for four years after he was forcefully retired from Kingship. The Mathura Baurani inscription at Devprayag of 1664, show that Medani Shah was ruling Garhwal Kingdom but  common people were presuming that Prithvipati Shah was King.


Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 4/8/2014
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -399
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter ….
XX    
Notes on South Asian Medieval History of Garhwal;  SouthAsian Medieval History of Pauri Garhwal;  Medieval History of Chamoli Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Rudraprayag Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Tehri Garhwal;  Medieval History of Uttarkashi Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Dehradun, Garhwal;  Medieval History of Haridwar ;  South Asian Medieval History of Manglaur, Haridwar;  South Asian Medieval History of Rurkee Haridwar ;  South Asian Medieval History of Bahadarpur Haridwar ; South Asian History of Haridwar district to be continued
XX
History of Garhwal King Offering Asylum to Mughal Prince Suleman Shikoh; History of Garhwal King Offering Asylum to Mughal Prince Suleman Shikoh in context History of Mughal Emperor  Aurangzeb and History of Garhwal; History of Garhwal King Offering Asylum to Mughal Prince Suleman Shikoh in context History of Mughal Emperor  Aurangzeb and History of Kumaon; History of Garhwal King Offering Asylum to Mughal Prince Suleman Shikoh in context History of Mughal Emperor  Aurangzeb and History of Sirmaur Himachal ; History of Garhwal King Offering Asylum to Mughal Prince Suleman Shikoh in context History of Mughal Emperor  Aurangzeb and History of Nagina Bijnor; History of Garhwal King Offering Asylum to Mughal Prince Suleman Shikoh in context History of Mughal Emperor  Aurangzeb and History of Allahabad; History of Garhwal King Offering Asylum to Mughal Prince Suleman Shikoh in context History of Mughal Emperor  Aurangzeb and History of Haridwar ; History of Garhwal King Offering Asylum to Mughal Prince Suleman Shikoh in context History of Mughal Emperor  Aurangzeb and History of Agra; History of Garhwal King Offering Asylum to Mughal Prince Suleman Shikoh in context History of Mughal Emperor  Aurangzeb and History of Lahore ;

 Music Notation or Sawrlipi of a Garhwali Folk Thadya Dance-Song
Characteristics of Garhwali Folk Dramas, Folk Theater/Rituals and Traditional Plays part -190         
Classical Rag Ragini, Tal, Bol, Music Beats, Music Notations or Music Scripts in Garhwali Folk Songs and Folk Music part -20   

 गढ़वाली लोक नृत्यगीत- संगीत (गढ़वाली लोक नाटकों ) में संगीत स्वर लिपि, ताल, राग रागिनी-20 
                             
                     Presented by Bhishma Kukreti (Folk Literature Research Scholar)

   In Uttarakhand, Thadya dance-song is important dance-song and is performed in groups on a courtyard.
There are a couple of types of Thadya Nritya-Geet or dance-song
The Music Notation a particular Thadya Nritya Geet (Dance-Song) is as under

एक थड्या नृत्य गीत की संगीत स्वर लिपि

 उत्तराखंड में चौक में थड्या नृत्यगीत मंचन होता है।  थड्या गीत कई शैली के होते हैं।
एक 18 मात्राओं का थड्या नृत्य गीत की स्वरलिपि इस प्रकार है-
स्थाई चरण -  तीले धारु बोला ये अम्बा  जंवै  डंगवालs ।
सहायक चरण - तीले धारु बोला ये कूरा सासू  नैथण्या  ।।
प#
 ध#  सा  - ।  रे  पम  रेसा ।  रे   प  प ।  प  म  घ
ती  ले  -   ।  धा  रु  -  -   । बो  ला  ये । अं  बा  ज
म  प रेम  ।  रे  रे  सारे
वैं  डं  -  -  । ग्वा   ला  -  -

सहायक चरण भी इसी स्वर लिपि के आधार पर गाया जाएगा

s =आधी अ
# चिन्ह नीचे बिंदी का है जैसे फ़ारसी  शब्दोँ में लगता हैं
मूल संगीत लिपि -केशव अनुरागी , नाद नादिनी (अप्रकाशित )
      संदर्भ - डा शिवा नंद नौटियाल , गढ़वाल के लोकनृत्य गीत
           इंटरनेट प्रस्तुति - भीष्म कुकरेती

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti 5/8/2014 for interpretation notes   
Contact ID -bckukreti@gmail.com
Characteristics of Garhwali Folk Drama, Community Dramas; Folk Theater/Rituals and Traditional to be continued in next chapter
1-Dr Shiva Nand Nautiyal, Garhwal ke Loknritya geet
2- Keshav Anuragi, Nad Nadani (Unpublished)
3- Dayashankar Bhatt  , Divya Sangit (Unpublished)
4- Glossary of Indian Classic Music
 XX
Notes on Music Notation or Sawrlipi of a Garhwali Folk Thadya Dance-Song; Music Notation or Sawrlipi of a Garhwali Folk Thadya Dance-Song from Haridwar Garhwal, Himalaya ,North India, South Asia; Music Notation or Sawrlipi of a Garhwali Folk Thadya Dance-Song from Dehradun Garhwal, Himalaya ,North India, South Asia; Music Notation or Sawrlipi of a Garhwali Folk Thadya Dance-Song from Uttarkashi Garhwal, Himalaya ,North India, South Asia; Music Notation or Sawrlipi of a Garhwali Folk Thadya Dance-Song from Tehri Garhwal, Himalaya ,North India, South Asia; Music Notation or Sawrlipi of a Garhwali Folk Thadya Dance-Song from Rudraprayag Garhwal, Himalaya ,North India, South Asia; Music Notation or Sawrlipi of a Garhwali Folk Thadya Dance-Song from Chamoli Garhwal, Himalaya ,North India, South Asia; Music Notation or Sawrlipi of a Garhwali Folk Thadya Dance-Song from Pauri Garhwal, Himalaya ,North India, South Asia;

Music Notation/ Sangit Swar Lipi of 27 Matra ka Thadya (Garhwali Folk Dance-Song)

Characteristics of Garhwali Folk Dramas, Folk Theater/Rituals and Traditional Plays part -191         
Classical Rag Ragini, Tal, Bol, Music Beats, Music Notations or Music Scripts in Garhwali Folk Songs and Folk Music part -21   

 गढ़वाली लोक नृत्यगीत- संगीत (गढ़वाली लोक नाटकों ) में संगीत स्वर लिपि, ताल, राग रागिनी-21 
                             
                     Presented by Bhishma Kukreti (Folk Literature Research Scholar)

27 मात्राओं वाले थड्या नृत्यगीत की संगीत लिपि

स्थायी चरण - झामा बल थेब सिंग का नौना
                  गंगा रे तीले धारु बोले झम
सहायक चरण -झामा बल औली मारी गौली
                   गंगा रे औली मारी गौली झम
                   झामा बल तिन डाक्वान मारे
                    गंगा रे सतपुली  रौली झम

घ#  सा  रेम@ । प  प   म  । प  ध   धम  । म   रे  साध# । ध# सा  रेम । प  -
झा  मा  बल@ । थे  ब  सिं  । ग का   ss   ।नौ   ना  ss   । गं गा रेs  ।  ती  s
रेम । प  ध   प । म  रे  - रे  रे । रेरे  - - ।
लेs ।  धा रु   s ।बो ले s ।  झम s  s ।
शेष पद इसी स्वर लिपि से निबद्ध करके गाये जाएंगे


Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti 6/8/2014 for interpretation notes   
Contact ID -bckukreti@gmail.com
Characteristics of Garhwali Folk Drama, Community Dramas; Folk Theater/Rituals and Traditional to be continued in next chapter
1-Dr Shiva Nand Nautiyal, Garhwal ke Loknritya geet
2- Keshav Anuragi, Nad Nandani (Unpublished)
3- Dayashankar Bhatt  , Divya Sangit (Unpublished)
4- Glossary of Indian Classic Music
 XX