MeraPahad Community Of Uttarakhand Lovers

           History of Sikh ‘Rakhi Tax’ or Kambali’ Kar in Garhwal

        History of Garhwal King Jai Kirti Shah part -4

History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -171     

   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -418
 
                       By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)

                   Sikhs Attacking on Dehradun

                   When Garhwal Court administrators were busy in infighting, Sikh, Gujjar and Rajput were busy in raiding and looting Doon valley villages.
 In 1783, Baghel Singh a Sikh Sardar of Sikh looters was ruler of Karodsinghi/Panjghadiya Misal. It was easy for his army to raid on  Sirmaur, Doon valley of Garhwal, Sahranpur, Haridwar and Bhabhar Garhwal and come easily after looting the subjects. Baghel Singh had strong 12000 Cavalier soldiers.
    Baghel Singh looted Saharanpur, Haridwar and marched towards Doab or Awadh by crossing Ganga River. Awadh naba could stop Baghel Singh. The soldiers of Baghel Singh invaded Dehradun or Doon valley. Garhwal army neither had arms to resist Baghel Singh army nor did they have courage to fight with enthusiastic soldiers of Baghel Singh.
   The people of Doon started fleeing here and there from Sikh invaders. Some people kept their costly belongings into Guru Ram Rai Durbar Sahib. It is said that soldiers did not loot Guru Ram Rai Durbar Sahib but did not leave anything from the houses nearby Guru Ram Rai Durbar. Sikh looters burnt tens of villages too.
       There was high feminine in Punjab in 1783 and Sikhs started roaming and looting Saharanpur, Haridwar, Dehradun and Bhabhar regions.
                Rakhi or Kambali Tax by Sikh Looters
  Maratha invaders used to levy ‘Chauth’ and ‘Sirdesmukhi’ tax those wanted peace from them. Sikhs started levying ‘Rakhi’ (protection) tax from nearby regions. The job of tax collector Sikhs was to protect people from other looters. Sikh looters used to collect one fifth of harvesting from people as ‘Rakhi’ tax.  The tax was also called as ‘Kambali’ as the value of tax used to equal to a blanket. Sikh Looters divided their territories for collecting ‘Rakhi’ or ‘Kambali’ tax.
  East India Company took charge of protecting Awdh from Sikh invaders. Therefore, Sikhs used to invade Doon, Haridwar and Bhabhar regularly. People were under tension and painful life. Garhwal King agreed to pay four thousand rupees as ‘Rakhi’ or ‘Kambali’ tax to Sikh invaders that they would not loot Garhwal territory.
        Sikh Sardars used to come to Doon and Bhabhar and used to collect money. There was no protection for the family who deny paying tax to Sikh Sardar.  Copying Sikh Sardar many Turks in the form of Sikh also started from Kolkatta coming to Bhabhar, Haridwar, Dehradun and Saharanpur for collecting ‘Rakhi’ or ‘Kambali’ tax. Apart paying ‘Rakhi’ or Kambali’ tax villagers used to welcome the Sardar due to terror.
 
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 2/9/2014
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -419
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter ….
XX    
Notes on South Asian Modern Period  History of Garhwal;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Pauri Garhwal; South Asian  Modern Period   History of Chamoli Garhwal;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Rudraprayag Garhwal;  South Asian Modern  History of Tehri Garhwal;  Modern  History of Uttarkashi Garhwal;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Dehradun, Garhwal;  Modern  History of Haridwar ;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Manglaur, Haridwar;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Rurkee Haridwar ;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Bahadarpur Haridwar ; South Asian Modern Period  History of Haridwar district to be continued
XX
           History of Sikh ‘Rakhi Tax’ or Kambali’ in Garhwal; History of Sikh ‘Rakhi Tax’ or Kambali’ Tax in Lal Dhang Garhwal; History of Sikh ‘Rakhi Tax’ or Kambali’ Tax in Kotdwara Garhwal; History of Sikh ‘Rakhi Tax’ or Kambali’ in Bhabhar Garhwal; History of Sikh ‘Rakhi Tax’ or Kambali’ in Dehradun Garhwal; History of Sikh ‘Rakhi Tax’ or Kambali’ Tax  in Dhamawala Dehradun , Garhwal; History of Sikh ‘Rakhi Tax’ or Kambali’ Tax in Raipur, Dehradun Garhwal; History of Sikh ‘Rakhi Tax’ or Kambali’ in Rajpur Dehradun, Garhwal; History of Sikh ‘Rakhi Tax’ or Kambali’ tax in Haridwar Garhwal; History of Sikh ‘Rakhi Tax’ or Kambali’ tax in Rurkee Haridwar Garhwal; History of Sikh ‘Rakhi Tax’ or Kambali’ tax in Sakrauda Haridwar Garhwal; History of Sikh ‘Rakhi Tax’ or Kambali’ tax in Manglaur Haridwar Garhwal;

History of Conspiracy by Ajabram Negi against Garhwal King

        History of Garhwal King Jai Kirti Shah part -5

History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -172     

   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -419
 
                       By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)

  After pushing Ghamand Singh out from Garhwal, Ajab Ram Negi became a strong administrator. Garhwal King appointed Ajab Ram Negi as Mukhtyar of the court. King returned back Shrivilas Nautiyal, Bhava Nand Nautiyal, Dhaniram Dobhal and Devi Datt their court positions.  King did not have control on Ajab Ram Negi, Vijay Ram Negi and other administrators too. Jai Kirti Shah was simply a helpless King.
             Goldars or police officers were under the influence of Ajab Ram Negi. Ajab Ram instigated the Goldars for asking salaries from King Jai Kirti Shah. Dhannu Gaddi and his armed forces surrounded the palace.  Garhwal King called Ajab Ram and asked him to have solution that there was peace in the Kingdom and Goldar gets salary and jobs. King asked Ajab Ram to pay some portion of salaries to soldiers.
          However, Ajab Ram put a condition that if he was appointed the Faujdar of Salan he would calm down the revolt of Goldar by paying or punishing.
  The King made Ajab Ram understand that Salan was the source of income for the palace, families of King etc. The King showed inability for offering Ajab Ram Negi the position of Faujdar of Salan. The King offered the Faujdar of Dehradun position to Ajab Ram Negi. Ajab Ram was in fume. He went away from the court.

                   Secret connection of Ajab Ram with Parakram Chand the Kumaon King
 
   Ajab ram sent a message with Kishanu to Parakram Chand in Almora. Ajab ram stated that if he was made the Faujdar of Salan he would help Parakram Chand to become Garhwal King too. Parakram provided written acceptance to Ajab Ram.
           On behalf of Parakram Chand (Shah) the Kumaon King, Ajab ram and his Goldars surrounded palace. Ajab Ram threatened the King that he should pay salaries of soldiers within three days or  should be ready for the consequences.
                 Wise Strategy by Maularam

                  The King called his aids Shrivilas and Bhava Nand to chalk out strategy to defend the revolt of Ajab Ram. They could not suggest any concrete strategy. The King called Maularam. Maularam suggested a dividing the Goldars strategy.
  Maularam requested to get ten thousand rupees coins from the King. Garhwal King offered rupees ten thousand to Maularam.
            Maularam called Deevan or advisor of Kewal Gaddi the accountant of Goldar Baliya at his residence. Maularam offered them one thousand rupees. Maularam told that the King was ready to settle the salaries of Goldars. Deevan of Kewal and accountant of Baliya brought their bosses to the residence of Maularam. Maularam handed over ten thousand rupees to Kewal and Baliya Goldar. They were pacified and pleased by Maularam.
      In night, Kewal and Baliya  put their soldiers at strategic positions to protect the palace. In morning, Dhannu Gaddi and Ajab Ram were shocked to see the soldiers protecting the palace.
      Ajab Ram asked Kewal, “Why did you put your soldiers surrounding the palace?”
      Kewal Gaddi answered that they were the employees of the Kingdom and not of Ajab Ram and Dhannu Gaddi. Kewal exposed the meanness of Dhannu Gaddi and Ajab Ram.
        Ajab ram, Vijay ram and Dhannu Gaddi escaped with their solders to have shelter under Parakram in Kumaon.
                   Sovan Singh, Uccchab Singh and Deewan Singh were killed as punishment as they supported the rebelian acts of Ghamand Singh, Goldars and Ajabram.
  Bhava Nand and Shrivilash Nautiyal were appointed   at the high position in the court but they again became atrocious administrators and they were dispatched from Shrinagar. Maularam did not mention about them after mentioning the above events.
 

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 3/9/2014
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -420
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter ….
XX    
Notes on South Asian Modern Period  History of Garhwal;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Pauri Garhwal; South Asian  Modern Period   History of Chamoli Garhwal;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Rudraprayag Garhwal;  South Asian Modern  History of Tehri Garhwal;  Modern  History of Uttarkashi Garhwal;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Dehradun, Garhwal;  Modern  History of Haridwar ;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Manglaur, Haridwar;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Rurkee Haridwar ;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Bahadarpur Haridwar ; South Asian Modern Period  History of Haridwar district to be continued
XX
History of Conspiracy by Ajabram Negi against Garhwal King; History of Conspiracy by Ajabram Negi against Garhwal King in context History of Pauri Garhwal; History of Conspiracy by Ajabram Negi against Garhwal King in context History of Chamoli Garhwal; History of Conspiracy by Ajabram Negi against Garhwal King in context History of Rudraprayag Garhwal; History of Conspiracy by Ajabram Negi against Garhwal King in context History of Tehri Garhwal; History of Conspiracy by Ajabram Negi against Garhwal King in context History of Uttarkashi Garhwal; History of Conspiracy by Ajabram Negi against Garhwal King in context History of Dehradun Garhwal; History of Conspiracy by Ajabram Negi against Garhwal King in context History of Haridwar Garhwal;

               History of Fall of Vijay Ram Negi and Ghamand Singh

        History of Garhwal King Jai Kirti Shah part -6

History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -173     

   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -420
 
                       By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)

               Reappointment of Ajab Ram Negi and Ghamand Singh in Garhwal Court
   Ajab Ram Negi got information that Garhwal King Jai Kirti Shah removed Nautiyal group from the court, he marched towards Shrinagar with his force. There is no mention by Maularam about resistances to Ajab Ram Negi from Garhwal force and forces of Goldars.
        Ajab Ram called Ghamand Singh to Shrinagar. Garhwal King returned their positions to them.  In compulsion situation, King Jay Kirt Shah appointed Ajab Ram as Faujdar, Vijay Ram as Goldar, Ghamand Singh as Mukhtyar and Kedar Singh as Faujdar of Dehradun.
  Now, Jai Kirti shah was compelled to play the orders of Ajab ram and company.

     Ajab Ram inviting Pradyuman and Parakram for attacking on Garhwal

  The King tried to interference on the autocracy of Ajab Ram and company. Ajab Ram sent message to king of Kumaon Pradyuman Chand (Shah) and his brother Parakram to attack on Garhwal.
             Taking help of Sirmaur King Jagat Prakash
          When the King came to know that Pradyuman and Parakram were to reach Shrinagar with force, he went to take advice of Maularam.
             Maularam wanted to visit Jagat Prakash the King of Sirmaur for help. However, King did not allow Maularam to go far away from Shrinagar. Maularam had influence on Jagat Prakash.
         Maularam sent an emotional letter to Jagat Prakash for helping Garhwal King.
                     Battle of Kaproli
  Jagat Prakash reached to Shrinagar with his force. However, before Jagat Prakash could reach Shrinagar, the force of Pradyuman and Parakram surrounded Shrinagar. Vijay Ram with his soldiers also came to help Pradyuman and Parakram. In the mean time, Jagat Prakash reached to border of Shrinagar. 
            There was fierce battle between army of Jagat Prakash with armies of Kumaon and armed forces of Vijay Ram and Ghamand Singh. Vijay ram Negi was killed in the battle. Ghamand Singh ran away from the battle for his life. Soldiers of Jagat Prakash followed Ghamand Singh and killed Ghamand Singh.
            Sirmoor King Jagat Prakash defeated Pradyuman Chand (Shah) and Parakram Shah. They both ran towards Kumaon.
      Jagat Prakash freed Jai Kirti Shah/Jay Kirt Shah from the force of Ajab Ram and company.
        Jagat Prakash advised Jai Kirti Shah/Jay Kirt Shah to attack on Kumaon with help of Sirmaur army.
    Garhwal King had discussion with Garhwal administrators. All administers advised the King that whatever the result would come Sirmoor King Jagat Prakash would ask salaries for his soldiers and Garhwal –Kumaon treasury was not able to pay that much salaries.
 Garhwal King did not agree for invading Kumaon with the help of Sirmur King Jagat Prakash army.
    Sirmur King Jagat Prakash was given a heartily farewell with lakh of rupees, grains, gifts and gem garland by Garhwal King Jai Kirti Shah.
The above description was detailed by Maularam in his Garhrajvanshkavya. Dr Dabral depended on Maularam for writing history of Jai Kirti Shah/Jay Kirt Shah.
This author did try to find out about Sirmoor King Jagat Prakash visiting Garhwal from other sources. However, no other historian mentions about Sirmur King Jagat Prakash coming to Shrinagar, Garhwal.
   

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 4/9/2014
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -421
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter ….
XX    
Notes on South Asian Modern Period  History of Garhwal;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Pauri Garhwal; South Asian  Modern Period   History of Chamoli Garhwal;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Rudraprayag Garhwal;  South Asian Modern  History of Tehri Garhwal;  Modern  History of Uttarkashi Garhwal;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Dehradun, Garhwal;  Modern  History of Haridwar ;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Manglaur, Haridwar;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Rurkee Haridwar ;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Bahadarpur Haridwar ; South Asian Modern Period  History of Haridwar district to be continued
XX
  History of Fall of Vijay Ram Negi and Ghamand Singh; History of Fall of Vijay Ram Negi and Ghamand Singh in context Haridwar, Garhwal History;  History of Fall of Vijay Ram Negi and Ghamand Singh in context Dehradun Garhwal History;  History of Fall of Vijay Ram Negi and Ghamand Singh in context Uttarkashi Garhwal History;  History of Fall of Vijay Ram Negi and Ghamand Singh in context Tehri Garhwal History;  History of Fall of Vijay Ram Negi and Ghamand Singh in context Rudraprayag Garhwal History; History of Fall of Vijay Ram Negi and Ghamand Singh in context Chamoli Garhwal History;  History of Fall of Vijay Ram Negi and Ghamand Singh in context Pauri Garhwal History;  History of Jagat Prakash (King of Sirmoor/Sirmur, Sirmaur) Himachal Pradesh; History of Sirmoor, History of Sirmour, History of Sirmur

History of Joshiyani (Repression of Kumaoni Joshis) in Garhwal

        History of Garhwal King Jai Kirti Shah part -7

History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -174     

   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -421
 
                       By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)

 After returning of Sirmur King Jagat Prakash, Garhwal King planned to visit Rajrajeshwari temple the family ritual temple of Garhwal Kings in Navaratri. Rajrajeshwari temple was established in Devalgarh the old capital of Garhwal. Jai Kirti Shah took ritual materials and other valuables.
                Quite a few treachery Garhwal administrators informed Pradyuman Chand (Kumaon King) about Jai Kirti Shah Visit to Rajrajeshwari temple at Devalgarh.   It was obvious that at this juncture, King would not take his full force.
 According to Kumaoni folklore, Pradyuman force led by Joshi brothers raided on Devalgarh temple on Vijayadashami festival. The King had less soldiers and he could not protect himself from Joshi force. King Jai Kirti Shah had to flee from Rajrajeshwari temple, Devalgarh.  Joshi force looted ample of wealth from Rajrajeshwari temple.
  When Jai Kirti Shah escaped away, the treachery administrators reached to Pradyuman Chand in Kumaon.
                  Looting Library by Joshi Pundits
   When Joshi’s soldiers were busy in looting villages nearby Rajrajeshwari temple a few Joshi Pundits reached to Pokhari village of Bahuguna Pundits.  Joshi Pundits looted the manuscripts available in library collected and created by Medhakar Bahuguna Shastri, Ram Datt Bahuguna, Bharat Kavi and other scholars. There were manuscripts on grammar, Dharma, Tantra, mantra, Ved, Poetries, Astrolgy, Medicines, Karmkand etc. Joshi took those manuscripts with them.
                        Destruction of Shrinagar
      Pradyuman Chand (Shah) reached to Shrinagar with hi s force. Perhaps supporters (elites, people and few soldiers) of Jai Kirti Shah resisted Pradyuman Chand. Subject did not go to see Pradyuman Chand. The city citizens burnt their houses and ran away from Shrinagar.
 Pradyuman Chand (Shah) was in Shrinagar for three years. After three years, he went to Almora.
 According to Atkinson, Parakram was representing Pradyuman shah in Almora till Pradyuman was in Shrinagar. The administration of Parakram was not able administration. Maularam did not mention about Parakram. There are no inscriptions available of Parakram.
 Parakram came back to Shrinagar with Pradyuman Chand (Shah) in 1785.
 There is difference between Kumaoni folklore and description of Maularam.  Rudri Datt Pant described the Kumaoni folklore and does not match the logical sequences.
                         Last Effort by Jai Kirti Shah
       When Pradyuman went back to Almora from Shrinagar, Jai Kirti Shah came back to Shrinagar. Jai Kirti Shah captured the Kingdom and started ruling. Jaya Nand Joshi was no more alive. Harsh Dev Joshi was being treated as the most cunning person. Kumaon Kingdom was busy in conspiracies and counter conspiracies of administrators among themselves. Therefore, Harsh Dev Joshi and Pradyuman Chand could not send force to resist Jai Kirti Shah.
            Important Garhwal Kingdom administrators were not supporting Jai Kirti Shah. Ajab Ram and his party were interested in ascending Prarakram shah on the crown. Jai Kirti Shah did not have force and money too.  Dhaniram Dobhal and a few administrators were supporting Jai Kirti Shah. However, Ajab ram Negi had upper hands in Shrinagar.
               Request to Sirmur King Jagat Prakash for Help

                 In past the Sirmaur King Jagat Prakash helped Jai Kirti Shah and Jai Kirti Shah offered Jagat Prakash money and jewls and Doon Jagir.
           Now, again, Kai Kirti Shah sent Dhani Ram to Nahan to meet Jagat Prakash. Due to different situation at that time, Sirmoor King Jagat Prakash refused to help Garhwal King. Dhani Ram Dobhal persuaded mater for many days but Sirmur King Jagat Prakash did not agree for rescuing Garhwal King from the difficulties.
                   Betrayal by Dhani Ram Dobhal
      Dhaniram Dobhal came back to Shrinagar without any help from Jagat Prakash.
      Dhaniram Dobhal asked money from Jai Kirti Shah for organizing and employing force. Jai Kirti Shah made Dhaniram Dobhal to understand the situation. Jai Kirti Shah told Dhaniram to arrange money as he was chief minister. Dhaniram Dobhal betrayed the King. Dhaniram surrounded the palace of Jai Kirti Shah by his own force.  It was a shock for Jai Kirti Shah as in past , Jai Kirti shah saved the life of Nautiyals and Dhaniram Dobhal from Ghamand Singh.
 Jai Kirti Shah sent a jewel box for saving his life from deceitful Dhani Ram.
                          Death of Jai Kirti
      Watching the mean acts of Dhaniram, Jai Kirti Shah was in restless situation. Jai Kirti Shah came to Dev Prayag. He died after four days in Dev Prayag.
   Four wives of Jai Kirti Shah burnt with his dead body (became Sati). They all were childless. Those wives cursed Pradyuman, Parakram and administrators for deceiving the King and cursed that they would see worst days in future.
  When Jai Kirti Shah died in Dev Prayag, his properties were looted. In Shrinagar too, the state properties and King’s properties was looted by administers as Ajab ram Negi.
                       Character of Jai Kirti Shah
               Lait Shah mistreated his eldest son Jai Kirti from the childhood. Jai Kirti shah was kind hearted and believed on his people too. However, he was always deceived by his own men and brothers.
 His ruling period would be remembered for conspiracies and counter conspiracies among administrators and King family members.


Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 5/9/2014
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -422
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter ….
XX    
Notes on South Asian Modern Period  History of Garhwal;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Pauri Garhwal; South Asian  Modern Period   History of Chamoli Garhwal;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Rudraprayag Garhwal;  South Asian Modern  History of Tehri Garhwal;  Modern  History of Uttarkashi Garhwal;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Dehradun, Garhwal;  Modern  History of Haridwar ;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Manglaur, Haridwar;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Rurkee Haridwar ;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Bahadarpur Haridwar ; South Asian Modern Period  History of Haridwar district to be continued
XX
History of Joshiyani (Repression of Kumaoni Joshis) in Garhwal; History of Joshiyani (Repression of Kumaoni Joshis) in Garhwal in context Shrinagar Garhwal History; History of Joshiyani (Repression of Kumaoni Joshis) in Garhwal in context Devalgarh Garhwal History; History of Joshiyani (Repression of Kumaoni Joshis) in Garhwal in context Rajrajeshwari Mandir Garhwal History; History of Joshiyani (Repression of Kumaoni Joshis) in Garhwal in context village Pokhari Garhwal History; History of Joshiyani (Repression of Kumaoni Joshis) in Garhwal in context Chalansyun Patti, Garhwal History; History of Joshiyani (Repression of Kumaoni Joshis) in Garhwal in context Chamoli Garhwal History; History of Joshiyani (Repression of Kumaoni Joshis) in Garhwal in context Tehri –Uttarkashi Garhwal History; History of Joshiyani (Repression of Kumaoni Joshis) in Garhwal in context Dehradun –Haridwar - Garhwal History;

        History of Last United Garhwal King Pradyuman Shah part-1

        History of Garhwal King Jai Kirti Shah part -8

History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -175     

   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -422
 
                       By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)
     
              Getting Garhwal Kingdom by Pradyuman Shah
         Pradyuman Chand (Shah) the Kumaon King and his brother Parakram Shah were in Kumaon when Jai Kirti Shah died in Dev Prayag.
   After getting information of death of Jai Kirti Shah, Pradyuman Shah, Parakram Shah and Harsh Dev Joshi marched to Shrinagar with their army. A couple of Garhwal Kingdom administrators wanted that Parakram should rule on Shrinagar Garhwal and Pradyuman Should be the Kumaon King. Harsh Dev had influence of Pradyuman. Harsh Dev Joshi wanted that Pradyuman Shah should rule on both the Kingdom that Joshi become actual ruler of Garhwal and Kumaon as Pradyuman was puppet of Harsh Dev Joshi.
 According to Walton, Pradyuman was in Shrinagar at the time of death of Jai Kirti Shah and he declared himself the Garhwal King. However, Maularam did not mention the said statement of Walton in Garhrajvansh Kavya.
                     Murder of Ajab Ram Negi
               Ajab Ram Negi wanted Parakram Shah as Garhwal King that he could become the whole in charge of Garhwal. Ajab Ram Negi was well aware of cunning conspiracies of Harsh Dev Joshi. Harsh Dev Joshi was aware about Ajab Ram opposing him (Joshi).  Harsh Dev Joshi arranged murder of Ajab Ram Negi.
 Pradyuman Shah became the Garhwal King and was as Pradyuman Chand the Kumaon King.

                Harsh Dev Returning to Kumaon
  Garhwal Kingdom administrators were worried by the presence of Harsh Dev Joshi in Shrinagar. Garhwal Kingdom administrators created such condition that Harsh Dev Joshi had to leave Shrinagar for Almora.

                      Ruling Period of Pradyuman Shah
    There are following suggestions for Pradyuman Shah Period-

Becket – 1786-1804
Raturi-  1797- 1804
Mukandilal – 1785-1804
The copper inscriptions of Pradyuman Chand are from 1781-1784. Therefore, it could be said the period as 1784/85-1804.




Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 6/9/2014
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -423
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter ….
XX    
Notes on South Asian Modern Period  History of Garhwal;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Pauri Garhwal; South Asian  Modern Period   History of Chamoli Garhwal;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Rudraprayag Garhwal;  South Asian Modern  History of Tehri Garhwal;  Modern  History of Uttarkashi Garhwal;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Dehradun, Garhwal;  Modern  History of Haridwar ;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Manglaur, Haridwar;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Rurkee Haridwar ;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Bahadarpur Haridwar ; South Asian Modern Period  History of Haridwar district to be continued
XX