MeraPahad Community Of Uttarakhand Lovers

             Gweel aur Saud  (Dhangu) Ki Lok Ktha
When Saud Villagers Captured the Land of Gweel Villagers
                                (Folk Stories from Salan Garhwal)
           (As narrated by late Kwanri Devi Kukreti, Jaspur Garhwal)   
                                        Bhishma Kukreti
            Jaspur village is more than six hundred years old village. First Kukreti of Garhwal established Jaspur. The elder brother settled in Gweel one mile south from Jaspur and he became Padhan or Landlord. He used to collect revenue on behalf of British government from Malla Dhangu. There is a village below Jaspur called Saud. The land of Saud village was under Gweel Padahn. However, Saud Farmers were not owners of the land that they used to plow and harvest because Saud farmers were Khaikar of Gweel or in some cases, Khaikar of Jaspur. Khaikar farmers used to plow, sow and harvest the land and used to offer one third of Harvesting to land owners.
   There is a place below Jaspur west of Jaspur and east of Saud called Kalsun having more than hundred contour fields plowed by Saud people. Those fields were also owned by Gweel villagers. The Kalsun land is still fertile due to hard works of Saud farmers. Saud farmers had been plowing sowing the land for centuries but could not become owners of the said land. The Indian freedom movement was on its peak and there was awareness about rights and duties of people and governing bodies everywhere including Saud. Along with Independent Movement there were other movements related to social causes in India. There had been always discussion and arguments among Saud villagers and Gweel villagers about Kalsun Land ownership. Since Jamindari or Land lordship was not abolished, the law was in favor of Gweel.
 The Jhangora (Millets) was ripped in Kalsun field and as usual the farms were plowed sowed by Saud villagers. The Saud women were the most aggravated lot. They taunted their husbands and brothers or fathers that though the land is sowed and plowed by Saud people but the real ownership was for Gweel villagers. Saud women challenged their men if they were real men they should get the ownership and should stop paying tribute (one Third of crop grew in Kalsun) to Gweel people. The Saud men felt insulted by the taunts an gibes from women.
 The men had a conference one day before the Harvesting day of Kalsun.  In normal circumstances the Gweel farm owners used to come with bags to collect Tihad or one third of crops at Kalsun on the harvesting day. One that day too Gweel people started coming to Kalsun from Gweel with large bags. However, when Gweel people reached to bordering Kalsun they were aghast by seeing that Saud men were with swords, spears and axes all over bordering the whole Kalsun area.   
 Saud men and boys were announcing loudly at the Border of Kalsun – Ju Aj kalsun Ma Khut Dharal waiki Maun Chhindare Jali. That who put his foot on Kalsun land we shall behead his head by Sword. Saud men started walking towards Gweel people and Gweel people started runback. Saud men again cautioned loudly the Gweel people – Go to your village if you wanted your life. Gweel people ran away without taking Tihad or tribute.
From that day, Kalsun came under the ownership of Saud and Gweel people never came to Kalsun for taking tribute or Tihad. . After independence, Saud became officially the land of Saud people.
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai 14/2/15
Garhwali Folk Tales about Social revolution, Garhwali Traditional Stories from Pauri Garhwal about Social reforms ; Garhwali Folk Tales Social revolution, Garhwali Traditional Stories about Farmer revolution from Malla Dhangu, Pauri Garhwal; Garhwali Folk Tales Social revolution, Garhwali Traditional Stories about Farmer revolution from Gangasalan, Pauri Garhwal; Garhwali Folk Tales Social revolution, Garhwali Traditional Stories about Farmer revolution from Jaspur Pauri Garhwal; Garhwali Folk Tales Social revolution, Garhwali Traditional Stories about Farmer revolution from Gweel Pauri Garhwal; Garhwali Folk Tales Social revolution, Garhwali Traditional Stories about Farmer revolution from Saud, Pauri Garhwal; 
 
 

Jalim Narshah (Tormentor and Cruel) the Governor of Kumaon under Gorkha Rule
   History of Proverb ‘Narshah ka Mangal’ in Kumaon
History of Gorkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -38
   
   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -557
 
                        By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)
 Nepal Kingdom deputed Narsha as its Governor to Kumaon in 1793. Narshah rule is named in Kumaon history by people as Atyachari Jalim Narshahi Mangal’ or ‘Tormentor and Cruel Narshahi’
 Kumaon and Garhwal Kings used to call and settle Soldiers from Himachal and elsewhere to suppress aggressive Khas soldiers and people. These soldiers were called as Nagarkotiya Ayudhjivi or Nagarkotiya. Nagarkotiya married in Kumaon with Rajput and Khas communities and became Kumaon citizens. They used have different hair Style called Zulfen and Zulfen or hair Lock was identity of Nagarkoti people. Nagarkotiya were positioned on higher positions in Kumaon administration by Chand Kings.
 Common Kumaon people accepted the suppression, oppression and cruelty of Gorkha Rulers. However, Nagarkotiya did not accept the Gorkha oppression.
 Narshah suspected the loyalty of Nagarkotiya officers. He was sure that Nagarkotiya soldiers, officers and people were against Gorkha rule. Narshah ordered to kill Nagarkotiya in different villages on Tuesday Night or Mangal ki Rat. Gorkha soldiers killed Nagarkoti people in various villages with cruelest means. Their Zulf were identity and it was easy for Gorkha soldiers to recognize Nagarkoti. A few Nagarkoti got information and they cut their hair lock and ran away from the territory. Today, the suppressive and cruel acts is still called ‘Narshahi ka Mangal’ in Kumaon. It is a proverb now.
                      Killing of Dhaunkal Singh Bisnyat
 Gorkha officers misbehaved not only to people of Kumaon buy they were crule with Kumaon administrators too. Dhaukal Singh Bisnyat was governor of Kumaon in 1800-1801. There was quarrel among Gorkha soldiers. Bisnyat wanted to kill his own soldier. Angry  Dhakriya  (retired soldier) killed Dhaunkal Singh Bisnyat by gun but.
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 17/2/2015
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -557
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX

                    Reference
Atkinson E.T., 1884, 1886 , Gazetteer of  Himalayan Districts …
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021 
Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173
B D pande, Kumaon ka Itihas
Sharma , Nepal kin Aitihasik Rup Rekha
Chaudhari , Anglo  –Nepalese Relations
Pande, Vasudha , Compares Histriographical Traditions of Gorkha Rule in Nepal and Kumaon
Pradhan , Kumar, 1991, The Gorkha Conquests , Oxford University  Press

XX
History of Gorkha Rule in Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule in Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule in Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule in Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule in Tehri Garhwal, Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule in Uttarkashi Garhwal, Bageshwar Kumaon, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule in Dehradun Garhwal, Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh;
XXX
History of Proverb ‘Narshah ka Mangal’ in Kumaon; History of Proverb ‘Narshah ka Mangal’ in Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon; History of Proverb ‘Narshah ka Mangal’ in Nainital Kumaon; History of Proverb ‘Narshah ka Mangal’ in Almora Kumaon; History of Proverb ‘Narshah ka Mangal’ in Champawat Kumaon; History of Proverb ‘Narshah ka Mangal’ in Bageshwar Kumaon; History of Proverb ‘Narshah ka Mangal’ in Pithoragarh Kumaon;
स्वच्छ भारत !  स्वच्छ भारत ! बुद्धिमान भारत

Best  Harmless Garhwali Humor on Road Congestion   , Garhwali Comedy Skits on Road Congestion , Satire on Road Congestion , Wit, Sarcasm on Road Congestion   , Garhwali Skits on Road Congestion , Garhwali Vyangya on Road Congestion , Garhwali Hasya on Road Congestion


                      जै दिन चांदनी चौक मा जाम नि होलु तो क्या ह्वालु ?

                                चबोड़्या  - भीष्म कुकरेती
 अजकाल मुंबई या दिल्ली आदि शहरूं माँ सडकुं मा जाम पर जाम लग्युं रौंद। . जैदिन सडकुं मा जाम नि लग त टीवी चैनेलुं मा दर्शकुं पर  मुंडर फैलाणो वास्ता सुबेर बिटेन स्याम तक टीवी चैनेलुं मा हर दस मिनट मा ब्रेकिंग न्यूज आंद - आज दिल्ली की चांदनी चौक मा जाम नि ह्वे , आज दिल्ली की चांदनी चौक माँ जाम नि ह्वेआज खुली सड़क देखिक भौत सा ड्राइवर बेहोस ह्वेन जाँसे जाम ह्वे अर तब लोगुं तैं लग कि दिल्ली अपण वास्तविक स्थिति मा ऐ गे।
स्याम दैं हरेक टीवी चैनेल छै बजि बिटेन बहस कराण लग जांदन अर विषय हूंद -  क्या चादनी चौक में जाम न होने से प्रधान मंत्री नरेंद्र मोदी को इस्तीफा दे देना चाहिए ?
आम आदमी पार्टी का प्रवक्ता टीवी चैनेलुं जैजैक बुल्दन कि चूँकि दिल्ली तैं पूर्ण राज्य कु दर्जा  नि मिलण से दिल्ली मा जाम नी होणु च त प्रधान मंत्री तैं अब्यक अबि इस्तीफा दीण चयेंद।
दिल्ली का पत्रकार बहस मा भाग लींद लींद बुल्दो बल चादनी चौक मा सड़क जाम नि हूण से दिल्ली अपणी पहचान , अपणी संस्कृति अर अपण व्यवहार खतम करणि  च तो प्रधान मंत्री ना सै त परिवहन मंत्री तैं इस्तीफा दीण चयेंद।
कॉंग्रेस प्रवक्ता तैं चूँकि टीवी ऐंकर क्वी प्रश्न इ नि पुछदन तो हर टीवी चैनेल मा कॉंग्रेसी प्रवक्ता बार बार टीवी ऐंकर तै याद दिलांदु या दिलांदी कि हम से भी प्रश्न पूछो , हम से भी प्रश्न पूछो , जब हमर राज छौ तो छुटि गळि  से लेकि चौड़ी सड़क तक हर समय जाम रौंद छौ।  पर टीवी ऐंकर फिर बि कॉंग्रेसी प्रवक्ता से सवाल इ नि करदन।
भाजपा का प्रवक्ता हरेक टीवी चैनेल मा जैक जैक बखान करद कि जाम नि हूणै पैथर आम आदमी पार्टी कु फैसला जुमेवार च।  ना आप पार्टी वीआईपी कल्चर खतम करदी ना इ दिल्ली मा सड़क पर जाम खतम हूंद।  इलै अरविन्द कजीरवाल तैं इस्तीफा दीण चयेंद।
ऊना सड़क खाली हूण से कथगा इ सामजिक विन्यास माँ बिघ्न बाधा  बि पड़न लग  गेन।
मिसेज रोजी रोटी अर मिस्टर रोजी रोटी अपण दफ्तर से बिलकुल समय पर हि घर का वास्ता निकळदा  छया अर पैल आठ या नौ बजि तक ही घौर पौंछदा छा।  अब वैदिन गुड़गांव नाका पर जाम नि ह्वे त मिसेज रोजी रोटी अर मिस्टर रोजी रोटी साढ़े छै बजि हि अपण फ़्लैट मा पौंछि गेन अर ऊंन पायी कि वूंक नौनु अर वैक गर्ल फ्रेंड संगीत का नशा मा डांस करणा छन। मिसेज रोजी रोटी अर मिस्टर रोजी रोटी द्वी झण जल्दी आण से शरमाणा छया , हीन भावना से ग्रसित छया , पछताणा छया।  नौनन अपण गर्ल फ्रेंड तैं भैर छवाड़ अर फिर अपण ब्वै बाब तैं दनकाण बिसे गे - आप लोगुं मा क्वी सेन्स नी च।  यदि जाम नि छौ तो बि समय से पैल घौर आणै जरूरत क्या छे ?आग त नि लगीं छे बिल्डिंग मा ?   इथगा मॉल छन कखि बि समय बितै लींदा।  आज से जाम हो या ना साढ़े आठ बजि  से पैल घर नि आण।  मेरी प्राइवेसी मा खलल पोड जांद।
आज दिल्ली या मुंबई जाम संस्कृति की गुलाम ह्वे गे अर यांसे यदि जाम नि हो तो सांस्कृतिक , सामाजिक  , धार्मिक अर राजनीतिक धमाल शुरू ह्वे जांद। आपक शहर का क्या हाल छन ?


18/2/15 , Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti , Mumbai India
*लेख की   घटनाएँ ,  स्थान व नाम काल्पनिक हैं । लेख में  कथाएँ , चरित्र , स्थान केवल व्यंग्य रचने  हेतु उपयोग किये गए हैं।
Best of Garhwali Humor in Garhwali Language ; Best of Himalayan Satire in Garhwali Language ; Best of  Uttarakhandi Wit in Garhwali Language ; Best of  North Indian Spoof in Garhwali Language ; Best of  Regional Language Lampoon in Garhwali Language ; Best of  Ridicule in Garhwali Language  ; Best of  Mockery in Garhwali Language  ; Best of  Send-up in Garhwali Language  ; Best of  Disdain in Garhwali Language ; Best of  Hilarity in Garhwali Language  ; Best of  Cheerfulness in Garhwali Language  ;  Best of Garhwali Humor in Garhwali Language from Pauri Garhwal  ; Best of Himalayan Satire in Garhwali Language from Rudraprayag Garhwal  ; Best of Uttarakhandi Wit in Garhwali Language from Chamoli Garhwal  ; Best of North Indian Spoof in Garhwali Language from Tehri Garhwal  ; Best of Regional Language Lampoon in Garhwali Language from Uttarkashi Garhwal  ; Best of Ridicule in Garhwali Language from Bhabhar Garhwal  ; Best of Mockery  in Garhwali Language from Lansdowne Garhwal  ; Best of Hilarity in Garhwali Language from Kotdwara Garhwal  ; Best of Cheerfulness in Garhwali Language from Haridwar  ;
Garhwali Vyangya , Garhwali Hasya,  Garhwali skits; Garhwali short skits, Garhwali Comedy Skits, Humorous Skits in Garhwali, Wit Garhwali Skits   
                    स्वच्छ भारत  , स्वच्छ भारत , बुद्धिमान भारत! 
                           

                                       History of Post Catastrophe with reference to History of Haridwar, Bijnor, Saharanpur

                                            हरिद्वार,  बिजनौर , सहारनपुर इतिहास संदर्भ में प्रलय और वैवस्वत  मनु

                                                                   History of Haridwar, Bijnor, Saharanpur  Part  --62   

                                                                    हरिद्वार,  बिजनौर , सहारनपुर का आदिकाल से सन 1947 तक इतिहास -भाग -62   
                                                                               
                             
 
                                                               इतिहास विद्यार्थी ::: भीष्म कुकरेती
 
 मायापुर नरेश (हरिद्वार नरेश ) दक्ष की पुत्री अदिति से कश्यप का पुत्र विवस्वान पुत्र हुआ।  विवस्वान का पुत्र वैवस्वत मनु हुआ।
वैवस्वत मनु ने प्रलय में मनुष्यों की रक्षा की। वैवस्वत ने बद्रिकाश्रम में एक पैर पर खड़े होकर दोनों हाथ उप्र कर तपस्या की थी। (वनपर्व )।

पौराणिक अध्ययन से निर्णय लिया जाता है कि वैवस्वत मनु महाभारत से 95 पीढ़ी याने 1400 पूर्व पैदा हुए होंगे और इस तरह वैवस्वत मनु का राज्यकाल 3102 BC मना  जाता है। इसी समय उत्तर भारत में उत्तर प्रस्तर उपकरण संस्कृति थी।  और ताम्र संस्कृति की शुरुवात थी।
                                        इक्ष्वाकु वंश
   मनु के दस पुत्रों में से एक इक्ष्वाकु से इक्ष्वाकु वंश का प्रारम्भ हुआ।  भगवान राम इसी वंश में पैदा हुए थे , जैन तीर्थंकरों में से कई तीर्थंकर व गौतम बुद्ध इसी वंश के मने जाते हैं। इक्ष्वाकु वंश का राज्य पूर्वी मध्य देस व अवध माना जाता है।
                                        ऐलवंश या चन्द्र वंश

            इला मनु की पुत्री थी और दोषों के कारण उसे नर के जगह नारी गति प्राप्ति हुई।  वशिष्ठ की कृपा से उसे पुरुषत्व प्राप्त हुआ और उसका नाम सद्युमन पड़ा।  चन्द्र वंश की स्थापना इस तरह हुई।
कुछ इतिहासकारों का अनुमान है कि चन्द्र वंश का राज्य प्रयाग के पास था कुछ हिमालय को चन्द्र वंश का मूल हिमालय मानते हैं। चन्द्र वंश का बिजनौर , हरिद्वार व सहारनपुर से अवश्य ही संंबध रहा है।
                                                 पुरुरवा
पुरुरवा का वर्णन ऋग्वेद में है और उसने पहाड़ी राज्यों का बिखंडन किया था किन्तु उसके राज्य में प्रजा संतुष्ट नही थी।

** संदर्भ - ---
वैदिक इंडेक्स
डा शिव प्रसाद डबराल , उत्तराखंड  इतिहास - भाग -२
राहुल -ऋग्वेदिक आर्य
मजूमदार , पुसलकर , वैदिक एज
घोषाल , स्टडीज इन इंडियन हिस्ट्री ऐंड कल्चर


Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti  Mumbai, India  18 /2/2015
Contact--- bckukreti@gmail.com 
Post Catastrophe with reference to History of Haridwar to be continued in  हरिद्वार का आदिकाल से सन 1947 तक इतिहास; बिजनौर इतिहास, सहारनपुर इतिहास  -भाग 63
History of Kankhal, Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Har ki Paidi Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;Post Catastrophe with reference to History of Jwalapur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;Post Catastrophe with reference to  History of Telpura Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Post Catastrophe with reference to History of Sakrauda Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;Post Catastrophe with reference to  History of Bhagwanpur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Post Catastrophe with reference to History of Roorkee, Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Post Catastrophe with reference to History of Jhabarera Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Post Catastrophe with reference to History of Manglaur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Post Catastrophe with reference to History of Laksar; Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Post Catastrophe with reference to History of Sultanpur,  Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Post Catastrophe with reference to History of Pathri Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Post Catastrophe with reference to History of Landhaur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Post Catastrophe with reference to History of Bahdarabad, Uttarakhand ; Haridwar; Post Catastrophe with reference to History of Narsan Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;Post Catastrophe with reference to History of Bijnor; Post Catastrophe with reference to History of Nazibabad Bijnor ; Post Catastrophe with reference to History of Saharanpur ;History of Nakur , Saharanpur; History of Deoband, Saharanpur; History of Badhsharbaugh , Saharanpur;
कनखल , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; तेलपुरा , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; सकरौदा ,  हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; भगवानपुर , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;रुड़की ,हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; झाब्रेरा हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; मंगलौर हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;लक्सर हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;सुल्तानपुर ,हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;पाथरी , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; बहदराबाद , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; लंढौर , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;बिजनौर इतिहास; नगीना ,  बिजनौर इतिहास; नजीबाबाद , नूरपुर , बिजनौर इतिहास;सहारनपुर इतिहास
                       स्वच्छ भारत !  स्वच्छ भारत ! बुद्धिमान भारत

History Review of Massacre of Kamin (Village Chiefs) by Gorkha Ruler in Kumaon

History of Gorkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -40
   
   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -559
 
                        By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)

              In Kumaon the Cruel, Suppressive, Repressive Gorkha Rule is named as ‘Gurkhyol’ and in Garhwal – Gurkhyani’. 
 Gorkha Kings provided ample power to their representative for collecting tax in Kumaon or later on in Garhwal and Himachal.
          When a tax payer was unable to pay tax in time, the Gorkha regents and representatives used to apply cruel methods for tax collection. Gorkha Representatives used to auction the land, animals, trees and even the human beings for collecting the tax.
   Once, Gorkha regent levied a new tax on Kumaon Subjects. The Kamin – or Village Chiefs, Regional Chiefs and villagers showed their inability in paying the new tax and indirectly denied paying new tax.
         The Kumaon Regent of Gorkha Kingdom invited 1500 Kamins in the capital that they would train for collecting tax. When the Kamins gathered Gorkha soldiers killed those Kamin. Many Kamin ran away from Kumaon to plains of Bareilly etc. Gorkha soldiers auctioned their family members to Rohilas.(Pande , Kumaon ka Itihas page-390-400)   
 There were family relations between Gorkhas of west Nepal and Doti with East Kumaunis. Therefore Gorkha applied lesser terrors on Kumaon than Garhwal and Himachal. Another reason for Gorkha being less cruel on Kumaunis was that the  Kumaoni elites as Jaoshis, Pant, Pande, Chaudharis and many past ruling families. However, Gorkhas were cruel in collecting tax.
            Fulsomeness, Flattering Words for Gorkha Ruler by Gumani Pant   

 Gumani Pant had been a unusual Poets of Indian History. He was expert of Sanskrit, Kumaoni, Nepali and Garhwali and created poems in all those four languages. He describes the cruelty of Gorkha rule but at the same time he used flattery words in praise of Gorkha Rule too. He mentioned about excessive tax by Gorkha Ruler but stated that no Kumaoni left land due to Gorkhas. This statement is totally wrong that Kumaoni did not leave their Land due to oppressive methods of Gorkhas.
 दिन -दिन  खजाना का भार बोकनाले
शिव शिव चुलिंमा बाल नैं कैका !
तदपि मुलुक तेरी छोड़ी नैं कोई भाजा ,
इति बदति गुमानी धन्य गोर्खाली राजा !

*** History of Gorkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) to be continued …. 41

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 19/2/2015
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -560
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX

                    Reference

Atkinson E.T., 1884, 1886 , Gazetteer of  Himalayan Districts …
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021 
Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173
B D pande, Kumaon ka Itihas
Sharma , Nepal kin Aitihasik Rup Rekha
Chaudhari , Anglo  –Nepalese Relations
Pande, Vasudha , Compares Histriographical Traditions of Gorkha Rule in Nepal and Kumaon
Pradhan , Kumar, 1991, The Gorkha Conquests , Oxford University  Press

XX
History of Gorkha Rule in Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule in Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule in Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule in Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule in Tehri Garhwal, Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule in Uttarkashi Garhwal, Bageshwar Kumaon, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule in Dehradun Garhwal, Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh;
XXX
History Review of Massacre of Kamin (Village Chiefs) by Gorkha Ruler in Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History Review of Massacre of Kamin (Village Chiefs) by Gorkha Ruler in Pithoragarh, Kumaon, Uttarakhand;  History Review of Massacre of Kamin (Village Chiefs) by Gorkha Ruler in Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand;  History Review of Massacre of Kamin (Village Chiefs) by Gorkha Ruler in Bageshwar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History Review of Massacre of Kamin (Village Chiefs) by Gorkha Ruler in Almora, Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History Review of Massacre of Kamin (Village Chiefs) by Gorkha Ruler in Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History Review of Massacre of Kamin (Village Chiefs) by Gorkha Ruler in Udham Singh Nagar , Kumaon, Uttarakhand.. 
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