Author Topic: Articles By Bhisma Kukreti - श्री भीष्म कुकरेती जी के लेख  (Read 717020 times)

Bhishma Kukreti

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  History Analysis of Water Resource Management Garhwal under Gurkha /Gorkha Rule

History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Garhwal - 27
History of Gorkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -92   
   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -611
                          By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Student)

                               Water Resource Management
  Garhwal Shah Kingdom did not promote water resource Management as state duty. However, whenever time came; their Thokdar built or dig Khali or canal. Most of the water resource innovation or improvement was done by people themselves.
            There is a folk story of Uttarkashi that a man had to marry his two daughters to Old man who was Himachal Watermill Owner for getting Water Mill Technology from Himachal Watermill Owner (Bhishma Kukreti, merapahad.com). That means people were conscious about natural resource management.
      There were Khali constructions on top of hills for water conservation. There were ‘raw’ a small pond dug for water uses for fetching water to animals and irrigation too.
 Canals were dug by people for irrigation and drinking water. The canals were dug by community.
  Gurkha /Gorkha administration never paid attention on canal or Khali constructions in its rule in Garhwal, Kumaon or Himachal. 
                            Kool or Gul a Water Resource Management
 Water was diverted from source through small or big canals and dug by community. Whever, water flow was obstructed by Gadan, hard rock or a boulder the bana trunk, or wood log was used to channelize the water. (Dr Ajay S Rawat).
                     Naula a Water Resource Management
 Naula is dug and constructed for collecting water from subterranean springs. Naulas were community properties and were called prestigious community properties.
                  Dhara a Water Resource Management
  Dhara is Water fountain type of system. There were /are three types of Dhara (Ajay Rawat, 2006)
1-Sirpatiya Dhara- When individual can easily fetch water in normal standing position such Dhara is called Sirpatiya Dhara.
2-Mudpatiya Dhara- When individual has to bend for water fetching such Dhara is called Mudpatiya or Murpatiya Dhara.
3-Patveediya Dhara- Pattveed means made by leave or called ephemeral Dahra and is availavle only in rainy season.
                Simar or Gajar
This source is due to marshy land and paddy is grown in such land. 
           Khali or Chhuptaula
 These are smallest pond types on top of hills.
                 Tal
Those were natural ponds
           Dhaam
 Dhaam are natural or artificial lakes.
         Raw
Raw are dug or constructed and stream water is collected on these pits or big ditches. Fibrous sticks are also submerged in Raw for getting fibers from Bheunl /Bheemal and hemp sticks.
 Gorkha administrators did not do anything to improve water source or irrigation facilities etc. in Doti, Kumaon, Garhwal and Himachal.

** History, Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Garhwal...Remaining part, read in next chapter

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 16/4//2015
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -612
*** History of Gorkha/Gurkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) to be continued in next chapter 

(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX
                    Reference

Atkinson E.T., 1884, 1886 , Gazetteer of  Himalayan Districts …
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021 
Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173
B. D. Pande, Kumaon ka Itihas
Sharma , Nepal ko Aitihasik Rup Rekha
Chaudhari , Anglo  –Nepalese Relations
Pande, Vasudha , Compares Histriographical Traditions of Gorkha Rule in Nepal and Kumaon
Pradhan , Kumar, 1991, The Gorkha Conquests , Oxford University  Press
Minyan Govrdhan Singh , History of Himachal Pradesh
A.P Coleman, 1999, A Special Corps
Captain Thomas Smith, 1852,Narrative of aFive Years Residence at Nepaul Vol.1
Maula Ram/Mola Ram  , Ranbahadurchandrika and Garhrajvanshkavya
J B Fraser , Asiatic Research
Shyam Ganguli, Doon Rediscovered
Minyan Prem Singh, Guldast Tabarikh Koh Tihri Garhwal
Patiram Garhwal , Ancient and Modern
Tara Datt Gairola, Parvtiy Sanskriti

XXX
Nepal Itihas, Garhwal Itihas, Kumaon Itihas, Himachal Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha ks kumson psr Adhikar Itihas , Gurkha/Gorkha Garhwal par Shasan Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Kumaon, Garhwal Uttarakhand; History Gurkha/Gorkha  Rule in Himachal, Uttarakhand;कुमाऊं , उत्तराखंड का इतिहास ; गढ़वाल , उत्तराखंड का इतिहास ; डोटी , पूर्व उत्तराखंड का इतिहास ;गोरखाओं /गुर्खाओं का कुमाऊं पर अधिकार इतिहास ; गोरखाओं /गुर्खाओं का गढ़वाल पर अधिकार इतिहास ; गोरखाओं /गुर्खाओं का हिमाचल पर अधिकार इतिहास ; गोरखाओं /गुर्खाओं का  इतिहास ; नेपाल इतिहास
Xx
History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Garhwal; History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Pauri Garhwal; History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Chamoli Garhwal; History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Rudraprayag Garhwal; History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Tehri Garhwal; History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Uttarkashi Garhwal; History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Dehradun Garhwal; 
Xx
History Analysis of Exploitation of Natural Resources by Gurkha/Gorkha in Uttarakhand; History Analysis of Exploitation of Natural Resources by Gurkha/Gorkha in Upper Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History Analysis of Exploitation of Natural Resources by Gurkha/Gorkha in South Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History Analysis of Exploitation of Natural Resources by Gurkha/Gorkha in North Garhwal Uttarakhand; History Analysis of Exploitation of Natural Resources by Gurkha/Gorkha in South Garhwal, Uttarakhand History Analysis of Exploitation of Natural Resources by Gurkha/Gorkha in Dehradun, Uttarakhand ; History Discussion on Forest Management in Garhwal in Gurkha/Gorkha Period; History Discussion on Forest Management in Kumaon  in Gurkha/Gorkha Period; History Analysis of water Resource Management and Crafts in Garhwal under Gurkha /Gorkha Rule




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Bhishma Kukreti

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Best  Harmless Garhwali Literature Humor   , Garhwali Literature Comedy Skits  , Garhwali Literature  Satire, Garhwali Wit Literature , Garhwali Sarcasm Literature  , Garhwali Skits Literature , Garhwali Vyangya  , Garhwali Hasya


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                        चबोड़्या, चखन्यौर्या , हंसोड्या   :::   भीष्म कुकरेती


उन त साम्यवादी ही ना साम्राज्यवादी अर पूंजीवादी फिल्मों मा बि ब्वेक त्याग आदि दिखाणो रिवाज छौ पर अच्काल पता नी हिंदी साहित्य तो छोडो हिंदी फिल्मों से ब्वे गायब ह्वे गे।

आहा क्या मजा आंद छौ जब हम हिंदी फिल्मों मा दिखदा छा कि ब्वे सुबेर , दिन अर रात रात जमींदार या सेठ का इख साफ़ पर नामका सैकड़ों जुठ भांड मंजाणी रौंदि छे अर हमारा हीरो कै पंचतारा होटलम तस्तरी पर तस्तरी गंदा करदो रौंद छौ -अवश्य हीरोइन का दगड़ रोमांस का वास्ता !

अब पता नी या हिन्दी फिल्मों की त्यागमयी ब्वे भांड बि नि मंजांदि अर ना ही वाशिंग मशीन मा कपड़ा धुंदी।  क्या  अब दर्शकों तै इन आदर्शमयी ब्वे पर शंसय हूंद होलु कि फ़िल्मी कथाकार अब फिल्मुं मा ब्वे -बाबुं तै इ नि दिखांद ?

पैल  फिल्मों मा ब्वे हूंद छे ज्वा सिलाई मशीन से सिलै करदि छे , अफु बीस बीस टल्लीदार बिलौज अर धोती पैरदी छे अर त्यागमयी विधवा का बच्चा हर पांच मिनट मा नया सूट अर नया बूट बदलिक हीरोइन का साथ आओ ट्विस्ट करें का गाणा गांद छौ अर दर्शकों तै इन मां पुरानी फिल्मों की ब्वे पर दर्शकों तै दया आंदी छे अर फिर दर्शक वोटिंग का द्वारा इन माँ तै फिल्मफियर पुरूस्कार दिलै दींद छा - सुलोचना या निरुपाराय का ड्यार अबि बि यी पुरूस्कार पड्यां छन।

अब अचकाल फिल्मों मा माका किरदार हि नि हूंद।  तो त्यागमयी मांकि सिलाई मशीन बि नि दिखेंद। 

तबाकि ब्वे हीरोइन तै बहू  बणाणो इन तयार रौंदी छे जन कॉंग्रेसी राहुल गांधी तै अध्यक्ष बणाणो तयार बैठ्याँ रौंदन। अब कैं बि फिल्मों  मा हीरो तै ब्वेक समिण हीरोइन लिजाणो जरूरत नि पड़दी किलैकि अब मांक चरित्र ही फिल्मों से गायब च।

समज मा नि आणु च कि हिंदी फिल्मों से ब्वेक चरित्र कख गुम  ह्वे गे ?

यदि आप तै यु चरित्र मिल जावो तै मि तै बतैन किलैकि मि ये चरित्र से मुखाभेन्ट /इंटरव्यू करण चांदु अर पुछण चांदु कि क्या समाज से ब्वे की महत्ता खतम ह्वे गे ?



17 /4/15 ,Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti , Mumbai India
*लेख की   घटनाएँ ,  स्थान व नाम काल्पनिक हैं । लेख में  कथाएँ , चरित्र , स्थान केवल व्यंग्य रचने  हेतु उपयोग किये गए हैं।
 Best of Garhwali Humor Literature in Garhwali Language  ; Best of Himalayan Satire in Garhwali Language Literature ; Best of  Uttarakhandi Wit in Garhwali Language Literature  ; Best of  North Indian Spoof in Garhwali Language Literature ; Best of  Regional Language Lampoon in Garhwali Language  Literature; Best of  Ridicule in Garhwali Language Literature  ; Best of  Mockery in Garhwali Language Literature    ; Best of  Send-up in Garhwali Language Literature  ; Best of  Disdain in Garhwali Language Literature  ; Best of  Hilarity in Garhwali Language Literature  ; Best of  Cheerfulness in Garhwali Language  Literature   ;  Best of Garhwali Humor in Garhwali Language Literature  from Pauri Garhwal  ; Best of Himalayan Satire Literature in Garhwali Language from Rudraprayag Garhwal  ; Best of Uttarakhandi Wit in Garhwali Language from Chamoli Garhwal  ; Best of North Indian Spoof in Garhwali Language from Tehri Garhwal  ; Best of Regional Language Lampoon in Garhwali Language from Uttarkashi Garhwal  ; Best of Ridicule in Garhwali Language from Bhabhar Garhwal  ; Best of Mockery  in Garhwali Language from Lansdowne Garhwal  ; Best of Hilarity in Garhwali Language from Kotdwara Garhwal  ; Best of Cheerfulness in Garhwali Language from Haridwar  ;
Garhwali Vyangya , Garhwali Hasya,  Garhwali skits; Garhwali short skits, Garhwali Comedy Skits, Humorous Skits in Garhwali, Wit Garhwali Skits   
                    स्वच्छ भारत  , स्वच्छ भारत , बुद्धिमान भारत! 

Bhishma Kukreti

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Downfall in Cotton and Dress Material Industries in Garhwal in Gurkha/Gorkha Rule
History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Garhwal - 28
History of Gorkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -93   
   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -612
                          By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Student)

             Before, Gurkha/Gorkha invaded Garhwal; there were hundreds of craft industries flourishing in Garhwal in Garhwali Shah Kings Period. However, Gurkha /Gorkha entry brought downfall in many village or rural industry drastically.
 Gurkha/Gorkha rulers did not encourage crafts in Garhwal. On the contrary, Gurkha/Gorkha levied new taxes.
   Harijan used to make utensils of various kind and Harijan and their works played important role in Garhwal societies. Gurkha/Gorkha levied new tax on Harijan works as ‘Majhari’ tax. Second another important craft of Garhwal was Dress making or dress making material production. Gurkha/Gorkha levied another tax on dress material makers and traders as ‘Tand ‘Tax.
      Most or all famers used to pasture Sheep with other domestic animals. Farmers used to get wool from Sheep. The wool was used for making dress materials and blanket. ‘Koli’ people used to weave wool and make woolen dresses for families. Bhotiya were famous for wool dress making. They used to export Woolen Dress to plains of India.
Maniyar of Bhagirathi Valley was famous for long and wide Blanket production.
  Dwarf Cotton was cultivated in Salan (South Garhwal) and Koli used to weave cotton for making dresses.
 People of upper Bhagirathi Valley used to cultivate Cotton too.
  However, Due to oppressive methods of Gurkha/Gorkha, farmers left villages and slowly cotton and woolen industry started falling drastically. Cotton industry became the matter of history after Gurkha invasion.
  East India Company established a hemp fiber production factory in Kahsipur (Udhamsingh Nagar). Company used to pay advances to famers for hemp fibers. Farmers of South Kumaon and South Garhwal started cultivating Hemp in abundance. Hemp Fiber was used in making ropes, bags, bed sheets, dress materials etc.
 Dr Dabral concluded that dress making industry and other craft industry fell drastically in Garhwal in Gurkha/Gorkha Rule.
** History, Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Garhwal...Remaining part, read in next chapter

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 17/4//2015
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -613
*** History of Gorkha/Gurkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) to be continued in next chapter 

(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX
                    Reference

Atkinson E.T., 1884, 1886 , Gazetteer of  Himalayan Districts …
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021 
Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173
B. D. Pande, Kumaon ka Itihas
Sharma , Nepal ko Aitihasik Rup Rekha
Chaudhari , Anglo  –Nepalese Relations
Pande, Vasudha , Compares Histriographical Traditions of Gorkha Rule in Nepal and Kumaon
Pradhan , Kumar, 1991, The Gorkha Conquests , Oxford University  Press
Minyan Govrdhan Singh , History of Himachal Pradesh
A.P Coleman, 1999, A Special Corps
Captain Thomas Smith, 1852,Narrative of aFive Years Residence at Nepaul Vol.1
Maula Ram/Mola Ram  , Ranbahadurchandrika and Garhrajvanshkavya
J B Fraser , Asiatic Research
Shyam Ganguli, Doon Rediscovered
Minyan Prem Singh, Guldast Tabarikh Koh Tihri Garhwal
Patiram Garhwal , Ancient and Modern
Tara Datt Gairola, Parvtiy Sanskriti

XXX
Nepal Itihas, Garhwal Itihas, Kumaon Itihas, Himachal Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha ks kumson psr Adhikar Itihas , Gurkha/Gorkha Garhwal par Shasan Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Kumaon, Garhwal Uttarakhand; History Gurkha/Gorkha  Rule in Himachal, Uttarakhand;कुमाऊं , उत्तराखंड का इतिहास ; गढ़वाल , उत्तराखंड का इतिहास ; डोटी , पूर्व उत्तराखंड का इतिहास ;गोरखाओं /गुर्खाओं का कुमाऊं पर अधिकार इतिहास ; गोरखाओं /गुर्खाओं का गढ़वाल पर अधिकार इतिहास ; गोरखाओं /गुर्खाओं का हिमाचल पर अधिकार इतिहास ; गोरखाओं /गुर्खाओं का  इतिहास ; नेपाल इतिहास
Xx
History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Garhwal; History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Pauri Garhwal; History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Chamoli Garhwal; History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Rudraprayag Garhwal; History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Tehri Garhwal; History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Uttarkashi Garhwal; History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Dehradun Garhwal; 
Xx
History Analysis of Exploitation of Natural Resources by Gurkha/Gorkha in Uttarakhand; History Analysis of Exploitation of Natural Resources by Gurkha/Gorkha in Upper Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History Analysis of Exploitation of Natural Resources by Gurkha/Gorkha in South Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History Analysis of Exploitation of Natural Resources by Gurkha/Gorkha in North Garhwal Uttarakhand; History Analysis of Exploitation of Natural Resources by Gurkha/Gorkha in South Garhwal, Uttarakhand History Analysis of Exploitation of Natural Resources by Gurkha/Gorkha in Dehradun, Uttarakhand ; History Discussion on Forest Management in Garhwal in Gurkha/Gorkha Period; History Discussion on Forest Management in Kumaon  in Gurkha/Gorkha Period; History Analysis of water Resource Management and Crafts in Garhwal under Gurkha /Gorkha Rule; Downfall in Cotton and Dress Material Industries in Garhwal in Gurkha/Gorkha Rule

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Bhishma Kukreti

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                       Successors of Ashoka and Downfall of Maurya Empire
                                हरिद्वार ,  बिजनौर व  सहारनपुर   इतिहास संदर्भ में  अशोक के उत्तराकधिकारी और मौर्य साम्राज्य का अवसान

                   Ancient  History of Haridwar, History Bijnor,  History Saharanpur  Part  - 102     
                         
                     हरिद्वार इतिहास ,  बिजनौर  इतिहास , सहारनपुर   इतिहास  -आदिकाल से सन 1947 तक-भाग -102                     


                                               इतिहास विद्यार्थी ::: भीष्म कुकरेती

                               अशोक के उत्तराधिकारी
अशोक के एक पुत्र जलौक  जो कश्मीर का प्रशासक था उसने पिता की मृत्यु के बाद कश्मीर पर अपना स्वतंत्र राज्य घोषित कर लिया था। जलौक ने कान्यकुब्ज तक अपना राज्य विस्तृत किया।
पाटलिपुत्र पर अशोक का नेत्रहीन पुत्र कुणाल का शाशन रहा और कुणाल का पुत्र सम्प्रति शासन चलाया करता था।
सम्प्रति का भाई दशरथ था।
इनके बाद पाटलिपुत्र का शासक शालिशूक हुया जिस पर यवन सम्राट दमिति /देमितीयम् ने आक्रमण किया और शालिशूक भाग गया था।  देमिति के जाने के बाद शालिशूक वापस आया।
शालीशूक  के बाद देववर्मन , शतध्वन्वन।  वृहद्रथ ,मगध के शासक बने।
  धीरे धीरे इनके राज्य में सीमाएं घटती गयीं।  अंतिम मौर्य नरेश वृहद्रथ की हत्या कर उसके सेनापति पुष्पमित्र ने 184 BC में  मगध राज हथिया लिया।

             मौर्य राज्य बिघटन

अशोक के अंतकाल में ही बहुत से सामंत मनमानी करने लगे थे।
अशोक के अंतिम समय या मृत्यु के बाद वैक्त्रिया /वाह्लीक नरेश दियदत स्वतंत्र हो बैठा था।

                   हरिद्वार , बिजनौर व सहारनपुर नरेशों की स्वतंत्रता
कनिंघम की खोज में जिन बारह कुणिंद नरेशों की मुद्राएं मिलीं उनसे सिद्ध होता है कि उत्तर पांचाल के सामंतों  ने याने उत्तराखंड , बिजनौर /रुहेलखण्ड , हरिद्वार , सहारनपुर के सामंतों ने अशोक मृत्यु बाद अपने को स्वतंत्र घोषित कर दिया था। [कनिंघम , क्वाइंस ऑफ एन्सिएंट इण्डिया ]
[सभी संदर्भ हेतु डा डबराल को पढ़े ]

 ** संदर्भ - ---वैदिक इंडेक्स डा शिव प्रसाद डबराल , उत्तराखंड  इतिहास - भाग -२ राहुल -ऋग्वेदिक आर्य मजूमदार , पुसलकर , वैदिक एज
घोषाल , स्टडीज इन इंडियन हिस्ट्री ऐंड कल्चर
आर के पुर्थि , द एपिक सिवलीजिसन
अग्रवाल , पाणिनि कालीन भारत
अग्निहोत्री , पंतजलि कालीन भारत
अष्टाध्यायी
दत्त व बाजपेइ  , उत्तर प्रदेश में बौद्ध धर्म का विकास
महाभारत
विभिन्न बौद्ध साहित्य
जोशी , खस फेमिली लौ
भरत सिंह उपाध्याय , बुद्धकालीन भारतीय भूगोल
रेज डेविड्स , बुद्धिष्ट इंडिया

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti  Mumbai, India 16/4/2015

   History of Haridwar, Bijnor, Saharanpur  to be continued Part  --
 हरिद्वार,  बिजनौर , सहारनपुर का आदिकाल से सन 1947 तक इतिहास  to be continued -भाग -      Successors of Ashoka and Downfall of Maurya Empire & Ancient History of Kankhal, Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;Successors of Ashoka and Downfall of Maurya Empire &    Ancient History of Har ki Paidi Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Successors of Ashoka and Downfall of Maurya Empire & Ancient History of Jwalapur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;Successors of Ashoka and Downfall of Maurya Empire &   Ancient  History of Telpura Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;Successors of Ashoka and Downfall of Maurya Empire &   Ancient  History of Sakrauda Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Successors of Ashoka and Downfall of Maurya Empire & Ancient  History of Bhagwanpur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Ancient   History of Roorkee, Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;  Ancient  History of Jhabarera Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;Successors of Ashoka and Downfall of Maurya Empire &    Ancient History of Manglaur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Successors of Ashoka and Downfall of Maurya Empire &   AncientHistory of Laksar; Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Successors of Ashoka and Downfall of Maurya Empire & Ancient History of Sultanpur,  Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;Successors of Ashoka and Downfall of Maurya Empire &   Ancient  History of Pathri Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;    Ancient History of Landhaur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Successors of Ashoka and Downfall of Maurya Empire &   Ancient History of Bahdarabad, Uttarakhand ; Haridwar;    History of Narsan Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;Successors of Ashoka and Downfall of Maurya Empire &   Ancient History of Bijnor;  Ancient  History of Nazibabad Bijnor ; Successors of Ashoka and Downfall of Maurya Empire &    Ancient History of Saharanpur;Successors of Ashoka and Downfall of Maurya Empire &  Ancient  History of Nakur , Saharanpur;  Successors of Ashoka and Downfall of Maurya Empire & Ancient   History of Deoband, Saharanpur;Successors of Ashoka and Downfall of Maurya Empire &   Ancient History of Badhsharbaugh , Saharanpur;Ancient Saharanpur History, Ancient Bijnor History;
कनखल , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; तेलपुरा , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; सकरौदा ,  हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; भगवानपुर , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;रुड़की ,हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; झाब्रेरा हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; मंगलौर हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;लक्सर हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;सुल्तानपुर ,हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;पाथरी , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; बहदराबाद , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; लंढौर , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;बिजनौर इतिहास; नगीना ,  बिजनौर इतिहास; नजीबाबाद , नूरपुर , बिजनौर इतिहास;सहारनपुर इतिहास                      :=============  स्वच्छ भारत !  स्वच्छ भारत ! बुद्धिमान भारत =============:








With Kind Regards


Dhangu, Gangasalan Ka Kukreti

Bhishma Kukreti

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              Selling Daughters for Watermill Technology

Garhwali Folk Tales, Fables, Traditional Stories, Community Narratives -99

  Compiled and Edited by: Bhishma Kukreti (Management Training Expert)

(This Folk Story was told by Ramoltya, she was a maid servant in Bareth village, Malla Dhangu, Pauri Garhwal. She belonged to Yamunotri valley, Uttarkashi. She told this story in three lines when I was studying in forth standard at Bareth Primary School.)
              Long back Ranvain region of Uttarkashi region did not have any Ghat/Gharat (watermill). People used to tease Thokdar (chieftain) that in other part of Ravain (Himachal region), there was watermill.
 Thokdar Raghubir had huge land and he required Grain Watermill not only for his use for grinding cereals but for his subjects too. 
 In past, Uttarkashi Ravain people tried many times to get Watermill technology by various means but they could not get the secret of watermill at all. There had been war for getting watermill Technology between two Thokdars.
 Raghubir the Uttarkashi Thokdar (landlord) went to see a watermill owner in Ravain of Himachal Region. The owner of watermill of Himachal Region was  a landlord too. The Himachal Thokdar took Uttarkashi Thokdar to his watermill. Himachal Thokdar showed his watermill from outside only. The people could also not see the watermill from inside. People used to give grains to watermill workers from outside and the workers used to go inside watermill and used to come back with flour.
 Uttarkashi Thokdar requested Himachal Thokdar for transferring Watermill technology to him. Himachal Thokdar put his condition before Uttarkashi Thokdar that if Uttarkashi Thokdar would marry his daughter with him (Himachal Thokdar) he would transfer Watermill Technology to him.
 Uttarkashi Thokdar was shocked as Himachal Thokdar was old chap. However, Uttarkashi Thokdar did not have any choice and Uttarkashi Thokdar married his young daughter to old Himachal Thokdar. After marriage Himachal Thokdar sent his men to build Water Mill at bank of River in Ravain of Uttarkashi. Watermill House and canal were built. However, Himachal Thokdar did not fit the actual Mill in the House at bank of River. One year passed but Himachal Thokdar did not fit the actual mill.
 Uttarkashi Thokdar went to see his son in law (Himachal Thokdar). Uttarkashi Thokdar asked his son in law to fit the Mill. Shamelessly, Himachal Thokdar asked his father in law to marry him his younger daughter too for getting Watermill Technology.
 There was no choice with Uttarkashi Thokdar but to marry his younger daughter with Himachal Thokdar. Now, after getting second daughter, Himachal Thokdar transferred whole technology and materials to Uttarkashi Thokdar.
 That watermill at the bank of River of Uttarkashi was built by Himachal Thokdar.


Copyright @ Bhishma Kukreti 16/4//2015 for review and interpretation

                                 References

1-Bhishma Kukreti, 1984, Garhwal Ki Lok Kathayen, Binsar Prakashan, Lodhi Colony, Delhi 110003, 
2- Bhishma Kukreti 2003, Salan Biten Garhwali Lok Kathayen, Rant Raibar, Dehradun
Xx
A Garhwali Folk Story about Selling Daughters for Watermill Technology; a Garhwali Folk Story from Ravain Garhwal, about Selling Daughters for Watermill Technology; A Garhwali Folk Tale from Uttarkashi about Selling Daughters for Watermill Technology; A Garhwali Folk from Garhwal Tale about Selling Daughters for Watermill Technology; A Garhwali Folk Tale from Himalaya about Selling Daughters for Watermill Technology; A Garhwali Folk Tale from North India about Selling Daughters for Watermill Technology; 
 
 
 
 
 


Bhishma Kukreti

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[कैरा काकाक पैथर बोर्ड लग्युं च -गढ़वाल सूचना केंद्र  . पूछताछ , सबि सूचना मीललि।  घ्याळ दाक प्रवेश ]

घ्याळ दा -शुभ प्रभात !

कैरा काका -शुभ प्रभात !

घ्याळ दा -शुभ प्रभात !
कैरा काका -अच्छा ?

घ्याळ दा -हाँ ?
कैरा काका -हाँ इखम सब सूचना मिल्दी।

घ्याळ दा -अच्छा मि तै सूचना चयेणी च।

कैरा काका -हाँ क्या चैणी छन।

घ्याळ दा -पता नी च।  अच्छा चलो तुमम क्या च ?
कैरा काका -मतबल ?

घ्याळ दा -मतलब तुमम क्या क्या सूचना छन ?
कैरा काका -सब तरां की।

घ्याळ दा -जन कि ?

कैरा काका -जन कि बांज -बुरांस की औसतन आयु।

घ्याळ दा -औ मि तै पता इ नि छौ कि बांज -बुरांस की औसतन आयु हूंद।
कैरा काका -हाँ हूंद च।

घ्याळ दा -औ। कुछ हौर सूचना बि च ?

कैरा काका -हाँ छैं छन।  पर तुम तै प्रश्न पुछण पोड़ल।

घ्याळ दा -अर तब आप जबाब देल्या ?
कैरा काका -हाँ।

घ्याळ दा -अच्छा उत्तराखंड का क्या छन ?
कैरा काका -या तो क्वी सूचना नि ह्वे।  कुछ हौर सवाल पूछ।

घ्याळ दा -तो गढ़वाल का क्या हाल छन ?

कैरा काका -क्या हाल छन मतबल ?

घ्याळ दा -मतलब गढ़वाल की तब्यत ठीक थाक च या ?
कैरा काका -पर गढ़वाल की तब्यत तो कई तरह से जाँचे जांद।

घ्याळ दा -तो एक तरह से इ बतै द्यावो।
कैरा काका -हाँ पर कै तरह से ?

घ्याळ दा -देखो जी सूचना आपन दीण अर प्रश्न में से करणा छंवां ?

कैरा काका -हाँ पर क्यांक सूचना दीण ?

घ्याळ दा -ब्वाल च ना गढ़वाल का क्या हाल छन ?
कैरा काका[गुस्सा  मा अर टरकाणो बान ] -बुरा हाल छन।

घ्याळ दा -को च जुम्मेवार ?
कैरा काका -क्यांक जुम्मेबार ?

घ्याळ दा -बुरा हालका जुम्मेवार ?

कैरा काका -मि त नि छौं।

घ्याळ दा -तो मि छौं ?
कैरा काका -आप अपने को ही पूछो।

घ्याळ दा -पर जबाब तो आपण दीण ना ?
कैरा काका -हाँ पर कामक सवाल हो तो जबाब द्यूं ना ?

घ्याळ दा -गढ़वाल की हालत की सूचना कामक सूचना नी च ?

कैरा काका -छैं च पर मथि वाळ इन सूचना ये सूचना केंद्र तै नि दींदन।

घ्याळ दा -चलो ठीक च।  हैंक सवाल करूँ ?
कैरा काका -हाँ पूछो।

घ्याळ दा -खुसी का राज ?
कैरा काका - ये प्रश्नक जबाब गुप्त बि च अर निषिद्ध बि च।

घ्याळ दा -पर आपम छै च ना ?

कैरा काका -हाँ छैं च पर निषिद्ध अर गुप्त च।

घ्याळ दा -अच्छा प्लीज मि तै बताओ कि ख़ुशी का राज क्या च ?
कैरा काका -छ तो गुप्त च -आप कैमा बोल देल्या तो ?

घ्याळ दा -मि कै तै नि बतौल।
कैरा काका -तो ख़ुशी का राज रहस्य च कि -

घ्याळ दा -हाँ बताओ।
कैरा काका -ठीक बतै इ दींदु कि -

घ्याळ दा -हाँ हाँ ब्वलो ना ?
कैरा काका -कभी भी प्रश्न ना पूछो।
18 /4/15 , Bhishma Kukreti , Mumbai India
*लेख की   घटनाएँ ,  स्थान व नाम काल्पनिक हैं । लेख में  कथाएँ , चरित्र , स्थान केवल व्यंग्य रचने  हेतु उपयोग किये गए हैं।
 Best of Garhwali Humor Literature in Garhwali Language  ; Best of Himalayan Satire in Garhwali Language Literature ; Best of  Uttarakhandi Wit in Garhwali Language Literature  ; Best of  North Indian Spoof in Garhwali Language Literature ; Best of  Regional Language Lampoon in Garhwali Language  Literature; Best of  Ridicule in Garhwali Language Literature  ; Best of  Mockery in Garhwali Language Literature    ; Best of  Send-up in Garhwali Language Literature  ; Best of  Disdain in Garhwali Language Literature  ; Best of  Hilarity in Garhwali Language Literature  ; Best of  Cheerfulness in Garhwali Language  Literature   ;  Best of Garhwali Humor in Garhwali Language Literature  from Pauri Garhwal  ; Best of Himalayan Satire Literature in Garhwali Language from Rudraprayag Garhwal  ; Best of Uttarakhandi Wit in Garhwali Language from Chamoli Garhwal  ; Best of North Indian Spoof in Garhwali Language from Tehri Garhwal  ; Best of Regional Language Lampoon in Garhwali Language from Uttarkashi Garhwal  ; Best of Ridicule in Garhwali Language from Bhabhar Garhwal  ; Best of Mockery  in Garhwali Language from Lansdowne Garhwal  ; Best of Hilarity in Garhwali Language from Kotdwara Garhwal  ; Best of Cheerfulness in Garhwali Language from Haridwar  ;
Garhwali Vyangya , Garhwali Hasya,  Garhwali skits; Garhwali short skits, Garhwali Comedy Skits, Humorous Skits in Garhwali, Wit Garhwali Skits   
                    स्वच्छ भारत  , स्वच्छ भारत , बुद्धिमान भारत!



Bhishma Kukreti

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 History: Downfall Metal Craft Works in Garhwal, Kumaon in Gurkha/Gorkha Rule
History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Garhwal - 29
History of Gorkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -94   
   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -613
                          By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Student)


 Garhwal had been known for its copper and other metal mining and Metal Crafts (Iron Smith, Copper Smith, Brass Smith and Bronze Smith) had its importance in each Garhwal and Kumaon Village. Metal crafts were also source of export.
 Harijan (Lwar and Tamta) were main Metal Craftsmen of Garhwal and Kumaon. They used to produce the following main appliances with indigenous technology in Garhwali Shah period-
1-Metal House Appliances- Pots, Plates, Vessels, Glass, Dishes, etc
2-Metalic Agriculture Appliances- Sickle, Hoe, Axes
3-Metalic Defense Ammunitions-Bow, Arrow, Swords, Spear etc
4-Misclenious Appliances- Nakchundi, Hukka, Locks and Lech etc
 Gurkha were cruel in collecting taxes or financial penalties. Therefore, Garhwalis and Kumaunis were forced to sell their metal potteries etc to pay taxes etc. In case or of nonpayment, Gurkha soldiers used to snatch metal vessels and metal appliances from people.
 Due to downfall in mining also resulted in downfall in metal production in villages as raw materials were not available and people were also afraid of taking metal from one place to other places.
         There was drastic reduction in Metal works in villages. People and Metal Craft Producers were not sure about their life and hence the industry was in standstill situation.
 People were using mud vessels or stone vessels or Bamboo, Bheemal vessels.
       Downfall in Woodcrafts in Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Garhwal, Kumaon
 Since, people were not sure of staying in their villages; they stopped building stable houses and Tibari (Drawing Room on first Floor) and by those reasons and other reasons woodwork development and production became stand still situation
      Downfall in Handcrafts in Garhwal and Kumaon in Gurkha Period

   There was steep downfall in Major Handcraft industries used for indigenous uses and export Purposes.
** Moorcroft, Travels in the Himalayan provinces
** History, Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Garhwal...Remaining part, read in next chapter

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 18/4//2015
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -614
*** History of Gorkha/Gurkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) to be continued in next chapter 

(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX
                    Reference

Atkinson E.T., 1884, 1886 , Gazetteer of  Himalayan Districts …
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021 
Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173
B. D. Pande, Kumaon ka Itihas
Sharma , Nepal ko Aitihasik Rup Rekha
Chaudhari , Anglo  –Nepalese Relations
Pande, Vasudha , Compares Histriographical Traditions of Gorkha Rule in Nepal and Kumaon
Pradhan , Kumar, 1991, The Gorkha Conquests , Oxford University  Press
Minyan Govrdhan Singh , History of Himachal Pradesh
A.P Coleman, 1999, A Special Corps
Captain Thomas Smith, 1852,Narrative of aFive Years Residence at Nepaul Vol.1
Maula Ram/Mola Ram  , Ranbahadurchandrika and Garhrajvanshkavya
J B Fraser , Asiatic Research
Shyam Ganguli, Doon Rediscovered
Minyan Prem Singh, Guldast Tabarikh Koh Tihri Garhwal
Patiram Garhwal , Ancient and Modern
Tara Datt Gairola, Parvtiy Sanskriti

XXX
Nepal Itihas, Garhwal Itihas, Kumaon Itihas, Himachal Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha ks kumson psr Adhikar Itihas , Gurkha/Gorkha Garhwal par Shasan Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Kumaon, Garhwal Uttarakhand; History Gurkha/Gorkha  Rule in Himachal, Uttarakhand;कुमाऊं , उत्तराखंड का इतिहास ; गढ़वाल , उत्तराखंड का इतिहास ; डोटी , पूर्व उत्तराखंड का इतिहास ;गोरखाओं /गुर्खाओं का कुमाऊं पर अधिकार इतिहास ; गोरखाओं /गुर्खाओं का गढ़वाल पर अधिकार इतिहास ; गोरखाओं /गुर्खाओं का हिमाचल पर अधिकार इतिहास ; गोरखाओं /गुर्खाओं का  इतिहास ; नेपाल इतिहास
Xx
History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Garhwal; History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Pauri Garhwal; History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Chamoli Garhwal; History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Rudraprayag Garhwal; History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Tehri Garhwal; History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Uttarkashi Garhwal; History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Dehradun Garhwal; 
Xx
History : Downfall Metal Craft Works in Garhwal in Gurkha/Gorkha rule; History : Downfall Metal Craft Works in Old Pauri Garhwal in Gurkha/Gorkha rule; History : Downfall Metal Craft Works in Old Tehri Garhwal in Gurkha/Gorkha rule; History : Downfall Metal Craft Works in Kumaun  in Gurkha/Gorkha rule; History : Downfall Metal Craft Works in Uttarakhand  in Gurkha/Gorkha rule; History Analysis of Exploitation of Natural Resources by Gurkha/Gorkha in Uttarakhand; History Analysis of Exploitation of Natural Resources by Gurkha/Gorkha in Upper Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History Analysis of Exploitation of Natural Resources by Gurkha/Gorkha in South Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History Analysis of Exploitation of Natural Resources by Gurkha/Gorkha in North Garhwal Uttarakhand; History Analysis of Exploitation of Natural Resources by Gurkha/Gorkha in South Garhwal, Uttarakhand History Analysis of Exploitation of Natural Resources by Gurkha/Gorkha in Dehradun, Uttarakhand ; History Discussion on Forest Management in Garhwal in Gurkha/Gorkha Period; History Discussion on Forest Management in Kumaon  in Gurkha/Gorkha Period; History Analysis of water Resource Management and Crafts in Garhwal under Gurkha /Gorkha Rule; Downfall in Cotton and Dress Material Industries in Garhwal in Gurkha/Gorkha Rule

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           Garhwali Folk Tales about Kandoliya Deity Temple, Pauri City 

Garhwali Folk Tales, Fables, Traditional Stories, Community Narratives -100 

  Compiled and Edited by: Bhishma Kukreti (Management Training Expert)

          (Based on Narration by Hema Uniyal, Kedarkhand, page 140)
  Kandoliya Temple is situated above Pauri City at 1800 Meter High.
         There are two folk tales famous about Kandoliya Temple. Kandoliya Deity is supposed to be deity of Judgment.
         One of old folklores state that Deity Kandoliya is Kshetrapal and is brother of Gana Beerbhadra that was born after destruction of Yagya of Daksha. 
  Another more popular folktale states the following stories about Kandoliya Temple.
        Long back a Dungariyal Negi of Pauri village married to a Kumaon Girl. Kumaon girl had great Faith on Goril/Goral/Gwil deity of Judgment. After marriage she was feeling loneliness because of not having Goril deity near her to worship. She brought an idol of Goril from her mother’s village in Kandi (wood stick basket). She established the Golu or Goril deity idol in Panchayt Chauk of Pauri village. The Deity became famous as Kandoliya Dibta.
         After some time, Golu /Goril/Gwill deity came in dream of a Negi of Pauri City and told him that He (deity) was felling suffocation at lower altitude. In dream, Golu Deity ordered the person to shift His temple on top of Pauri hill. Villagers shifted Kandoliya Temple on top of Pauri Village (now city).
  Now, three days celebration is there every year in Kandoliya Temple.

Copyright @ Bhishma Kukreti 18/4//2015 for review and interpretation

                                 References

1-Bhishma Kukreti, 1984, Garhwal Ki Lok Kathayen, Binsar Prakashan, Lodhi Colony, Delhi 110003, 
2- Bhishma Kukreti 2003, Salan Biten Garhwali Lok Kathayen, Rant Raibar, Dehradun
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Garhwali Folk Tales about Kandoliya Deity Temple, Pauri City; Garhwali Folk Tales about Deity Temple, Pauri Garhwal; Garhwali Folk Tales about Deity Temple,  Chamoli Garhwal; Garhwali Folk Tales about Deity Temple,  Rudraprayag Garhwal; Garhwali Folk Tales about Deity Temple,  Tehri Garhwal; Garhwali Folk Tales about Deity Temple,  Uttarkashi Garhwal; Garhwali Folk Tales about Deity Temple,  Dehradun Garhwal;  Garhwali Folk Tales about Deity Temple,  Haridwar Garhwal; Communities Folk Tales about Dungariyal Negi of Pauri.   
 
 
   
   
 
   



Bhishma Kukreti

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Best  Harmless Garhwali Literature Humor   , Garhwali Literature Comedy Skits  , Garhwali Literature  Satire, Garhwali Wit Literature , Garhwali Sarcasm Literature  , Garhwali Skits Literature , Garhwali Vyangya  , Garhwali Hasya


                    टल्ली -थिगळि -पैबंद संस्कृति बिनास से सेवानिवृत लोगुं नुकसान

                        चबोड़्या, चखन्यौर्या , हंसोड्या   :::   भीष्म कुकरेती


टल्ली , थिगळी या पैबंद लगाण एक भली संस्कृति छे। पुनः दुरस्तीकरण एक सभ्यता छे।  रिपेयरिंग एक कल्चर छे।

या पैबंद लगाणो संस्कृति गाँव इ ना शहरूं मा बि परिपक्व स्थिति मा छे।  अरे जु गांवुं मा द्यु बतल पर बि टल्ली लगदी छे तो शहरूं मा कबि जंद्यो पर बि टल्ली लगदी छे।  छतरा , रेडिओ , स्टोव , चप्पल रिपेयरिंग संस्कृति तो अबि बि चलणि च।

टल्ली संस्कृति से सबसे अधिक फायदा बूड बुड्यों तै हूंद छौ।  बस सेवा निवृत ह्वावो ना कि टल्ली संस्कृति का बैठ्वाक याने कुसन मा दिन बितै ल्यावो अर बासी भोजन (जु  पैबंद ही च ) से जिंदगी गुजार द्यावो। 

भौत सा समय जंग्या -कच्छा पर इथगा थिगळी लग जांद छ कि ओरिजिनल कच्छा  का कपड़ा इ गायब ह्वे जांद छौ अर इन कच्छा पैरण वळ तब बि घमंड नि करदो छौ कि वु इथगा इनोवेटिव अर क्रियेटिव च।

टल्ली संस्कृति का बाइ प्रोडक्ट या साइड इफेक्ट सभ्यता छे कि बडु कपड़ा छुटुं तै पैरा द्यावो।  इन बि दिखे गे छौ कि क्वी बुड्या मर जावो तो वैक कपड़ा हैंक बुड्या पैर्दो छौ अर इख तक कि स्वर्गवासी बुड्या का चश्मा पृथ्वीवासी हैंक बुड्या पैर लींद छौ।

अब कै हैंकाक कपड़ा पैरणो रिवाज पर लगाम लग गे अर कुत्ता बि यीं संस्कृति का विरोधी ह्वे गेन।

मि अब रिटायर ह्वे ग्यों तो मीन बि स्वाच कि मि अब अपण नौनुं कपड़ा पैरिक पुनर्जवानी को लुफ्त उठौं।  पर जब मी अपण नौना की टी शर्ट अर जीन पैरिक रोड पर औं तो जु कुत्ता म्यार खुट चाटद छा वु में पर भुकण मिसे गेन अर टल्ली संस्कृति का विरोध मा ज़रा मुहल्ला का कुत्ता एक ह्वे गेन।

अब घौरम बैठिक मे शरीका बुड्याका जंग्या याने बरमुदा का पैथरो हिस्सा अर टी शर्ट का कीसा अधिक फटदन।  बैठ बैठिक  जंग्या कु पैथरो हिस्सा फटण लाजमी च अर सेवानिवृति का बाद किसौंद खाली चिल्लर रखण से कीसा कु फ़टण क्वी अपवाद नी च।  पर अजकाल दर्जी टेलर मास्टर ह्वे गेन तो ऊंन टल्ली लगाण बंद कर देन।  म्यार कच्छा याने बरमुदा कु पैथर फट अर टी शर्ट  कु कीसा फट तो मि टल्याणो टेलर मास्टरुं मा ग्यों।  हरेकन मि तै इन दुत्कार जन मि खजी वळ कुत्ता हों।  मि चार मील घूम तो एक टेलर मास्टर मील गे जु म्यार कच्छा अर टी शर्ट तै टल्याणो बान दर्जी बणनो बान तयार ह्वे गे।  वु टेलर मास्टर सहतर साल कु छौ अर मेरी बुढ़ापा की भावना तै अच्छी तरह से समझदो छौ इलै वु टेलर से दर्जी बणणो तयार बि ह्वे।  वैन बड़ी लगन से टल्ली लगैन अर मि प्रसन्नता पूर्वक टल्लीदार कच्छा अर टी शर्ट लेक घर ऐ ग्यों।  मि खुस छौ कि म्यार बच्चा मेरी मितव्ययता से खुस ह्वे जाल।

पर मेरी प्रसन्नता थ्वड़ा देर बि नि राइ।  सरा घौरम कुहराम मचि गे।

बड़ी ब्वारिन ब्वाल - अब आप हमतै नीचा दिखाणो बान टल्लीदार कपड़ा पैरण चाणो   छंवां ? लोगुन  बुलणि  च कि जौंक ब्वारी नौकरी करदी वु टल्लीदार कपड़ा पैरणु च।

बेटान बि खदुळ कुत्ता जन ब्यवहार कार - हम आपौ कुण क्या नि छंवां करणा अर आप टल्ली लगैक ऐ गेवां ?

घरवळिन बि लताड़ गौड़ी तरां लात लगांद ब्वाल - जवानी मा कमैक धरदा तो बुढ़ापा मा टल्लीदार कपड़ा पैरणो जरूरत पड़दी क्या ?

अब टल्लीदार कपड़ा पैरण असभ्यता ना गुनाह ह्वे गे।

अब रिपेयरिंग कु जमाना नी च बल्कि यूज ऐंड थ्रो कु जमाना च।  याने अब हरेक तै बुढ़ापा का वास्ता उथगा इ कमाण पोड़ल जथगा वु जवानी मा खर्चदो।


19/4/15 ,Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti , Mumbai India
*लेख की   घटनाएँ ,  स्थान व नाम काल्पनिक हैं । लेख में  कथाएँ , चरित्र , स्थान केवल व्यंग्य रचने  हेतु उपयोग किये गए हैं।
 Best of Garhwali Humor Literature in Garhwali Language  ; Best of Himalayan Satire in Garhwali Language Literature ; Best of  Uttarakhandi Wit in Garhwali Language Literature  ; Best of  North Indian Spoof in Garhwali Language Literature ; Best of  Regional Language Lampoon in Garhwali Language  Literature; Best of  Ridicule in Garhwali Language Literature  ; Best of  Mockery in Garhwali Language Literature    ; Best of  Send-up in Garhwali Language Literature  ; Best of  Disdain in Garhwali Language Literature  ; Best of  Hilarity in Garhwali Language Literature  ; Best of  Cheerfulness in Garhwali Language  Literature   ;  Best of Garhwali Humor in Garhwali Language Literature  from Pauri Garhwal  ; Best of Himalayan Satire Literature in Garhwali Language from Rudraprayag Garhwal  ; Best of Uttarakhandi Wit in Garhwali Language from Chamoli Garhwal  ; Best of North Indian Spoof in Garhwali Language from Tehri Garhwal  ; Best of Regional Language Lampoon in Garhwali Language from Uttarkashi Garhwal  ; Best of Ridicule in Garhwali Language from Bhabhar Garhwal  ; Best of Mockery  in Garhwali Language from Lansdowne Garhwal  ; Best of Hilarity in Garhwali Language from Kotdwara Garhwal  ; Best of Cheerfulness in Garhwali Language from Haridwar  ;
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Bhishma Kukreti

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        Paper Industry in Garhwal in Gurkha /Gorkha Rule

History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Garhwal - 30
History of Gorkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -95   
   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -614
                          By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Student)

 Garhwali used to use Satpura or Setbaduva Tree for making paper. The bark was used for paper making. The rice curry was pasted on the refined bark of above tree. The paper was sent to Shrinagar and Almora. The paper was exported to Wholesale Markets in Nepal, Tibet and Indian Plains.
 Most of all records of Gorkha Administration are written on Garhwal paper. Tapovan was the centre of Paper Making. This paper was called Pahadi Kagaj.

** History, Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Garhwal...Remaining part, read in next chapter

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 19/4//2015
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -615
*** History of Gorkha/Gurkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) to be continued in next chapter 

(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX
                    Reference

Atkinson E.T., 1884, 1886 , Gazetteer of  Himalayan Districts …
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021 
Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173
B. D. Pande, Kumaon ka Itihas
Sharma , Nepal ko Aitihasik Rup Rekha
Chaudhari , Anglo  –Nepalese Relations
Pande, Vasudha , Compares Histriographical Traditions of Gorkha Rule in Nepal and Kumaon
Pradhan , Kumar, 1991, The Gorkha Conquests , Oxford University  Press
Minyan Govrdhan Singh , History of Himachal Pradesh
A.P Coleman, 1999, A Special Corps
Captain Thomas Smith, 1852,Narrative of aFive Years Residence at Nepaul Vol.1
Maula Ram/Mola Ram  , Ranbahadurchandrika and Garhrajvanshkavya
J B Fraser , Asiatic Research
Shyam Ganguli, Doon Rediscovered
Minyan Prem Singh, Guldast Tabarikh Koh Tihri Garhwal
Patiram Garhwal , Ancient and Modern
Tara Datt Gairola, Parvtiy Sanskriti

XXX
Nepal Itihas, Garhwal Itihas, Kumaon Itihas, Himachal Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha ks kumson psr Adhikar Itihas , Gurkha/Gorkha Garhwal par Shasan Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Kumaon, Garhwal Uttarakhand; History Gurkha/Gorkha  Rule in Himachal, Uttarakhand;कुमाऊं , उत्तराखंड का इतिहास ; गढ़वाल , उत्तराखंड का इतिहास ; डोटी , पूर्व उत्तराखंड का इतिहास ;गोरखाओं /गुर्खाओं का कुमाऊं पर अधिकार इतिहास ; गोरखाओं /गुर्खाओं का गढ़वाल पर अधिकार इतिहास ; गोरखाओं /गुर्खाओं का हिमाचल पर अधिकार इतिहास ; गोरखाओं /गुर्खाओं का  इतिहास ; नेपाल इतिहास
Xx
History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Garhwal; History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Pauri Garhwal; History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Chamoli Garhwal; History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Rudraprayag Garhwal; History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Tehri Garhwal; History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Uttarkashi Garhwal; History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Dehradun Garhwal; 
Xx
History : Downfall Metal Craft Works in Garhwal in Gurkha/Gorkha rule; History : Downfall Metal Craft Works in Old Pauri Garhwal in Gurkha/Gorkha rule; History : Downfall Metal Craft Works in Old Tehri Garhwal in Gurkha/Gorkha rule; History : Downfall Metal Craft Works in Kumaun  in Gurkha/Gorkha rule; History : Downfall Metal Craft Works in Uttarakhand  in Gurkha/Gorkha rule; History Analysis of Exploitation of Natural Resources by Gurkha/Gorkha in Uttarakhand; History Analysis of Exploitation of Natural Resources by Gurkha/Gorkha in Upper Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History Analysis of Exploitation of Natural Resources by Gurkha/Gorkha in South Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History Analysis of Exploitation of Natural Resources by Gurkha/Gorkha in North Garhwal Uttarakhand; History Analysis of Exploitation of Natural Resources by Gurkha/Gorkha in South Garhwal, Uttarakhand History Analysis of Exploitation of Natural Resources by Gurkha/Gorkha in Dehradun, Uttarakhand ; History Discussion on Forest Management in Garhwal in Gurkha/Gorkha Period; History Discussion on Forest Management in Kumaon  in Gurkha/Gorkha Period; History Analysis of water Resource Management and Crafts in Garhwal under Gurkha /Gorkha Rule; Downfall in Cotton and Dress Material Industries in Garhwal in Gurkha/Gorkha Rule

                            ::: ====स्वच्छ भारत!  स्वच्छ भारत ! बुद्धिमान भारत====:::


 

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