Author Topic: Articles By Bhisma Kukreti - श्री भीष्म कुकरेती जी के लेख  (Read 726289 times)

Bhishma Kukreti

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 Ajeya Bharatam: Patriotic Sanskrit Drama based on Indo-China War of 1962 with Innovating Sanskrit Words
 
  (History and Study of Sanskrit Literature Development in Garhwal-8)
(Chronological Review, Study of Sanskrit Dramas, Stage plays created by Garhwali of Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India- 7)
(Review of Sanskrit Drama Ajeya Bharatam written Playwright by Dr. Shiv Prasad Bhardwaj)
 
                         Internet Presentation By: Bhishma Kukreti
 
             Learned Sanskrit Scholar Dr. Shiv Prasad Bhardwaj contributed in Development of Sanskrit Literature after independence in many fields.
         His Sanskrit Drama Ajeya Bharatam (Unwinnable India) is a radio drama and was praised by critics a lot. Bhardwaj is one of the pioneers in initiating Radio Drama in Sanskrit.  The subject is about social responsibilities, society’s patriotic and nationalistic thinking after the defeat of Indian troops against sudden deceptive attacks by China in 1962.
 The said radio drama is called newer style in Sanskrit dramaturgy.
There are small dialogues, simple dialogues, no  Shlokas in drama. There is only one song in drama and that is for a purpose and for movement.
 The appreciable characteristic of the said Sanskrit drama is that Bhardwaj brilliantly created newer words for Sanskrit by adapting common English words as –
‘Shailgoptar’ for Helicopter
Twarak for Truck
Yan-Seetkar for Horn
 Dr Bhardwaj would be remembered in Sanskrit Literature for his initiating radio drama and for creating newer words for Sanskrit Dictionary from English words.
 
 
   
 
 
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti 11/5/15, Mumbai, India
History of Sanskrit Literature Development in Garhwal to be continued in next part
                         Main Sources
1-Dr Prem Datt Chamoli, Garhwal Ki Sanskrit Sahitya ko Den, Dehradun, India
2- Dr. Shiv Prasad Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas (12 Khand), Dogadda, Garhwal, India
3-Bhakt Darshan, Garhwal ki Divangat Vibhutiyan
Xx
 
Notes on History, review  and Study Sanskrit Literature Development in Garhwal, Uttarakhand; History , review and Study Sanskrit Literature Development in Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand; History , review and Study Sanskrit Literature Development in Chamoli Garhwal, Uttarakhand; History and Study Sanskrit Literature Development in Rudraprayag Garhwal, Uttarakhand; History review, and Study Sanskrit Literature Development in Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand; History and Study Sanskrit Literature Development in Uttarkashi Garhwal, Uttarakhand; History and Study Sanskrit Literature Development in Dehradun, Garhwal, Uttarakhand; History and Study Sanskrit Literature Development in Haridwar, Garhwal, Uttarakhand; History and Study Sanskrit Literature Development in Garhwal, Uttarakhand, Himalaya; History and Study Sanskrit Literature Development in Garhwal, Uttarakhand, North India;
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Sanskrit Dramas, Stage Plays, from Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Sanskrit Dramas, Stage Plays, from Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Sanskrit Dramas, Stage Plays, from Uttarkashi Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Sanskrit Dramas, Stage Plays, from Dehradun, Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Sanskrit Dramas, Stage Plays, from Haridwar, Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Sanskrit Dramas, Stage Plays, from Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Sanskrit Dramas, Stage Plays, from Chamoli Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Sanskrit Dramas, Stage Plays, from Rudraprayag Garhwal, Uttarakhand;
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 Patriotic, Nationalistic Sanskrit Drama based on Indo-China War of 1962 with Innovating Sanskrit Words ; Patriotic, Nationalistic Sanskrit Drama written by Garhwali of Garhwal based on Indo-China War of 1962 with Innovating Sanskrit Words ; Patriotic, Nationalistic Sanskrit Drama written by Garhwali of Pauri Garhwal based on Indo-China War of 1962 with Innovating Sanskrit Words  ; Patriotic, Nationalistic Sanskrit Drama written by Garhwali of Garhwal, Uttarakhand based on Indo-China War of 1962 with Innovating Sanskrit Words ; Patriotic, Nationalistic Sanskrit Drama written by Garhwali of Garhwal, Himalaya based on Indo-China War of 1962 with Innovating Sanskrit Words ; Patriotic, Nationalistic Sanskrit Drama written by Garhwali of Garhwal, North India  based on Indo-China War of 1962; Patriotic, Nationalistic Sanskrit Drama written by Garhwali of Garhwal, South Asia  based on Indo-China War of 1962 with Innovating Sanskrit Words ;       
 


Bhishma Kukreti

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8   Hoon-Parajayam: Historical, New Style Sanskrit Drama
 
(History and Study of Sanskrit Literature Development in Garhwal-9)
(Chronological Review, Study of Sanskrit Dramas, Stage plays created by Garhwali of Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India- 8)
(Review of Sanskrit Drama Hoon-Parajayam written Playwright by Dr. Shiv Prasad Bhardwaj)
 
                         Internet Presentation By: Bhishma Kukreti
 
 Hoon-Parajayam drama is written by famous, learned Sanskrit Scholar Dr. Shiv Prasad Bhardwaj.  The drama is ahistorical Sanskrit Drama. There are three acts in the drama. Each act has three scenes.
 The drama is based on historical incidents of Malv King Yashodharma winning over Hoon Kings Torman and Mihir Kul with the help of Magdh King Narsingh Gupt Baladitya.
     The drama starts by praising of Ganga, Yamuna, great human beings as Ram, Krishna, Gautam, Mahaveer etc.
 There are 22 Male characters and lesser female characters.
 The dram revolves around the strong character of Yashodharma.
 The language is simple an dialogues are small. The juncture of divisions and raptures are marvelous.
 The specialty of drama ‘Hoon Parajayam’ is that the dramatist uses new style along with old classical Sanskrit drama style. The fusions of two styles make drama more interesting. He uses songs instead of Shlokas. The dialogues fit with each character.
 The Chivalry rapture dominates the drama but there is ample scope for raptures as Love, Pathos. The dramatist uses fewer dramatizations and uses more characterization.
 The critics  praise Playwright Bhardwaj for using his elegant new style into Sanskrit Drama.
 
 
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti 12/5/15, Mumbai, India
History of Sanskrit Literature Development in Garhwal to be continued in next part
                         Main Sources
1-Dr Prem Datt Chamoli, Garhwal Ki Sanskrit Sahitya ko Den, Dehradun, India
2- Dr. Shiv Prasad Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas (12 Khand), Dogadda, Garhwal, India
3-Bhakt Darshan, Garhwal ki Divangat Vibhutiyan
Xx
 
Notes on History, review  and Study Sanskrit Literature Development in Garhwal, Uttarakhand; History , review and Study Sanskrit Literature Development in Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand; History , review and Study Sanskrit Literature Development in Chamoli Garhwal, Uttarakhand; History and Study Sanskrit Literature Development in Rudraprayag Garhwal, Uttarakhand; History review, and Study Sanskrit Literature Development in Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand; History and Study Sanskrit Literature Development in Uttarkashi Garhwal, Uttarakhand; History and Study Sanskrit Literature Development in Dehradun, Garhwal, Uttarakhand; History and Study Sanskrit Literature Development in Haridwar, Garhwal, Uttarakhand; History and Study Sanskrit Literature Development in Garhwal, Uttarakhand, Himalaya; History and Study Sanskrit Literature Development in Garhwal, Uttarakhand, North India;
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Sanskrit Dramas, Stage Plays, from Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Sanskrit Dramas, Stage Plays, from Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Sanskrit Dramas, Stage Plays, from Uttarkashi Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Sanskrit Dramas, Stage Plays, from Dehradun, Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Sanskrit Dramas, Stage Plays, from Haridwar, Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Sanskrit Dramas, Stage Plays, from Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Sanskrit Dramas, Stage Plays, from Chamoli Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Sanskrit Dramas, Stage Plays, from Rudraprayag Garhwal, Uttarakhand;
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Historical, New Style Sanskrit Drama; Historical, New Style Sanskrit Drama by Garhwali of Pauri Garhwal; Historical, New Style Sanskrit Drama by Garhwali of Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Historical, New Style Sanskrit Drama by Garhwali of Garhwal, Himalaya; Historical, New Style Sanskrit Drama by Garhwali of Garhwal, North India; Historical, New Style Sanskrit Drama by Garhwali of Garhwal, SARC Country; Historical, New Style Sanskrit Drama by Garhwali of Garhwal, South Asia;


Bhishma Kukreti

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            अमाड़ी (उदयपुर ) के प्रसिद्ध संस्कृत विद्वान आचार्य बुद्धिबल्लभ
               (गंगासलाण के प्रसिद्ध संस्कृत विद्वान शश्रृंखला )
        इंटरनेट प्रस्तुति - भीष्म कुकरेती
आचार्य बुद्धिबल्लभ का नाम संस्कृत साहित्य में आदर के साथ लिया जाता है।  आचार्य बुद्धिबल्लभ  को उनके मुक्तक संस्कृत काव्य 'रसकलसी' के कारण जाना जाता है। रसकलसी काव्य में प्रारम्भ में शृंगार की अधिकता है किन्तु बाद के खंड में कब्बाली , समस्यापूर्ति , प्रहेलिका संबंधित कविताओं ने नवीनता प्रधान की है। यह एक प्रयोग सफल प्रयोग कहा जाता है।
    आचार्य बुद्धिवल्ल्भ का जन्म अमाड़ी , तल्ला उदयपुर , पौड़ी गढ़वाल में 15 जून 1936 ई को क्षेत्र के प्रसिद्ध ज्योतिषी पंडित रविदत्त के घर हुआ।  उनकी माता का नाम शाखादेवी था।  बुद्धिवल्ल्भ के प्रपितामह पंडित खिमानन्द भी ज्योतिषी व वैद्य थे।  उनके पितामह  बालदत्त था जो यशवान वैद थे।  बुद्धिवल्ल्भ के अन्य भाइयों में कुमुद प्रसाद आचार्य -शिक्षक थे  , भास्कर प्रसाद ज्योतिषी हुए तो वेणी प्रसाद व्याकरणाचार्य हुए।
  आचार्य वुद्धिवल्ल्भ की प्रारम्भिक शिक्षा गाँव में ही हुयी व फिर शिक्षा हरिद्वार में ऋषिकुल ब्रह्मचर्य आश्रम में हुयी।  1958 -59 को उन्होंने व्याकरणाचार्य की परीक्षा पास की व 1964 में विद्यावाचस्पति। 
ऋषिकुल ब्रम्ह्चर्य आश्रम में वे अध्यापक  रहे व 1960 -1964 तक सप्तर्षि आश्रम में प्रधानाचार्य रहे।
    उनके निम्न स्कस्कृत काव्य हैं -
रसकलसी
उद्धवशतक
हिंदी में उनका काव्य संग्रह 'जागो वीर जवानो जागो ' प्रसिद्ध हुआ ।
आचार्य बुद्धिवल्ल्भ  कई सामजिक कार्यों में सदा सलग्न रहे जैसे प्रादेशिक संस्कृत विद्यालय अध्यपक संघटन के वे संस्थापक सदस्यों में से एक हैं।  १९७९ में उन्होंने उर्दू को द्वितीय राजभाषा बनाने का विरोध आंदोलन में भाग लिया और 1967 में गौहत्या विरोधी आंदोलन में एक महीना कारवास भी भोगा। वे अखिल भारतीय जागरण समिति में भी हमेशा क्रियाशील रहे।
उनके दो पुत्र -द्विजेन्द्र वल्ल्भ व महेंद्र वल्ल्भ हैं।
उनका वर्तमान निवास हरिकला , हरिद्वार है।




Bhishma Kukreti

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            Pungadi Kar or Farm/ Land Tax in Garhwal in Gurkha Period
Economical Administration of Garhwal, Kumaon in Gurkha Rule -2
History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Garhwal - 51
History of Gorkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -114   
   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -635
                          By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Student)

  Gurkha needed money for campaign for winning Himachal and west India. Gurkha administration increased taxation up to that extent that many families migrated to plains of India. Gurkha needed minimum of Rs three lakhs for maintaining the administration. Gurkha were cruel in collecting taxes.
                            Pungadi Kar or Land Tax
  Pungadi means farm.  At initial stage only, Gurkha increased land tax very high that there was no scope for further increase.
  Bahadur Bhandari and Dashrath Khatri divided land according to fertility as-
Abal- Top class land
Dom- Second grade
Som – third grade land
Chahar – fourth grade
Sunkhbasi – infertile or dry land
 Gurkha decided tax as per fertility for each village. Kamin or Sayana used to collect tax from farmers or Jamindar (jimdar). Central Gurkha administration did not have exact details of fertility but Kamin or Sayana and farmers knew exact fertility.
 The regional head (Garkha) of Dhangu kept tax provision for Rs 703. 50 for Dabralsyun Patti (Thokdar Awtar Singh Rawat’s private collection shown to Dr Dabral). The tax provision for Two villages Kuntani and Gauli for year 1812 was as follows-
 Shri Ram : 1
Sanvat 1869 ka sal Dhangu Garshya Dabrasyun ki
                                      Asul Jama Rupya – 703.50
Galigaun 1 ghar rupya --------------------------------------Kuntani Gaun           1
Gangu Sayano Abal   - 3------------------------------------Heema Sayano Abal –2.50
Sheema Sem ----------00.75------------------------------- Budhi Sem ------00.75 (III)
 Sekar Sukvansi --- two anna -----------------------------Jatru Chahar ----- eight ana
Dhani Chahar ---------- eight ana --------------------------Banchu Auji Abal -----Eight ana
Nath ko Ghar abal------- one rupee and four ana ------Bhajda Sem – four ana
Chanu Chahar – four ana
Tulya Dom abal ---- four ana
              Rs 6  and fifteen ana ------------------------------------------Rs four and eight ana
 Most probably there was tax one rupee per Bee Nali (According to seed consumption pattern ). British kept same taxation till 1957.




** Most of references and details were taken from Dr Dabral

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 14/5//2015
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -636
*** History of Gorkha/Gurkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) to be continued in next chapter 

(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX
                    Reference

Atkinson E.T., 1884, 1886 , Gazetteer of  Himalayan Districts …
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021 
Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173
B. D. Pande, Kumaon ka Itihas
Sharma , Nepal ko Aitihasik Rup Rekha
Chaudhari , Anglo  –Nepalese Relations
Pande, Vasudha , Compares Histriographical Traditions of Gorkha Rule in Nepal and Kumaon
Pradhan , Kumar, 1991, The Gorkha Conquests , Oxford University  Press
Minyan Govrdhan Singh , History of Himachal Pradesh
A.P Coleman, 1999, A Special Corps
Captain Thomas Smith, 1852,Narrative of a Five Years Residence at Nepal Vol.1
Maula Ram/Mola Ram  , Ranbahadurchandrika and Garhrajvanshkavya
J B Fraser , Asiatic Research
Shyam Ganguli, Doon Rediscovered
Minyan Prem Singh, Guldast Tabarikh Koh Tihri Garhwal
Patiram Garhwal , Ancient and Modern
Tara Datt Gairola, Parvtiy Sanskriti

XXX
History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Sirmour Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Kangara Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Baghat Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Tehri Garhwal, Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Punar Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Uttarkashi Garhwal, Bageshwar Kumaon, Uttarakhand;  Nahan Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Dehradun Garhwal, Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History Himachal; 
Nepal Itihas, Garhwal Itihas, Kumaon Itihas, Himachal Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha ka Kumaon par  Adhikar Itihas , Gurkha/Gorkha Garhwal par Shasan Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Kumaon, Garhwal Uttarakhand; History Gurkha/Gorkha  Rule in Himachal,
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Bhishma Kukreti

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                  Suppression on Shraman Bauddhist by Sunga King Pushyamitra & Haridwar History

                  हरिद्वार इतिहास ,  बिजनौर  इतिहास , सहारनपुर   इतिहास संदर्भ में पुष्यमित्र का बौद्ध श्रमणों पर अत्याचार

                        Ancient  History of Haridwar, History Bijnor,  History Saharanpur  Part  -  121                   
                                                हरिद्वार इतिहास ,  बिजनौर  इतिहास , सहारनपुर   इतिहास  -आदिकाल से सन 1947 तक-भाग -  121                   


                                               इतिहास विद्यार्थी ::: भीष्म कुकरेती
   दिव्यावादन व तारानाथ के लेखों विदित होता है कि पुष्यमित्र ने बौद्धों पर अत्याचार किये।  पाटलिपुत्र के निकट कुक्कटाराम में अशोक निर्मित बौद्ध विहार को तोड़ने का प्रयाश पुष्यमित्र ने किया था ( कैंब्रिज हिस्ट्री ऑफ इंडिया )। प्राचीन भारत के इतिहास लेखक भगवतशरण उपाध्याय के अनुसार पुष्यमित्र ने पाटलिपुत्र से लेकर जालंधर तक सभी बौद्ध विहार जला डाले।  पुष्यमित्र ने बौद्ध श्रमणों की हत्या का प्रयास ही नही किया अपितु अन्य को बौद्ध भिक्षुओं को मारने की भी प्रेरणा दी।
      यद्यपि तारानाथ व दिव्यावदान के लेखों पर विद्वानों में एक मत नही है।  कई इतिहासकार नही मानते कि पुष्यमित्र बौद्ध धर्म का इतना घोर विरोधी  था क्योंकि भारहुत में महान बौद्ध स्तूप का निर्माण पुष्यमित्र काल में ही हुआ ।
        पंजाब के बौद्धों ने यवनों का साथ दिया था तो हो सकता कि पुष्यमित्र को कठोर उपाय अपनाने पड़े हों।
 महाभाष्य से पता चलता है कि अशोक के समय से ही सनातनी ब्राह्मणों और बौद्धों के बीच विरोध अधिक था। श्रमण अवैदिक थे और सनातनी ब्राह्मण वैदिक अतः सैद्धांतिक रूप से बौद्धों व ब्राह्मणों के मध्य बैर लाजमी रहा होगा।  पुष्यमित्र ब्राह्मण राजा था।
       




Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti  Mumbai, India 14/5/2015

   History of Haridwar, Bijnor, Saharanpur  to be continued Part  --
 हरिद्वार,  बिजनौर , सहारनपुर का आदिकाल से सन 1947 तक इतिहास  to be continued -भाग -

     Suppression on Shraman Bauddhist by Sunga King Pushyamitra & Ancient History of Kankhal, Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;  Suppression on Shraman Bauddhist by Sunga King Pushyamitra & Ancient History of Har ki Paidi Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;   Ancient History of Jwalapur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;  Suppression on Shraman Bauddhist by Sunga King Pushyamitra & Ancient  History of Telpura Haridwar, Uttarakhand  ; Suppression on Shraman Bauddhist by Sunga King Pushyamitra &  Ancient  History of Sakrauda Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Suppression on Shraman Bauddhist by Sunga King Pushyamitra &  Ancient  History of Bhagwanpur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Suppression on Shraman Bauddhist by Sunga King Pushyamitra &  Ancient   History of Roorkee, Haridwar, Uttarakhand  ;  Suppression on Shraman Bauddhist by Sunga King Pushyamitra &Ancient  History of Jhabarera Haridwar, Uttarakhand  ; Suppression on Shraman Bauddhist by Sunga King Pushyamitra &  Ancient History of Manglaur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;   Ancient  History of Laksar; Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;     Ancient History of Sultanpur,  Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;     Ancient  History of Pathri Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;    Ancient History of Landhaur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;  Suppression on Shraman Bauddhist by Sunga King Pushyamitra & Ancient History of Bahdarabad, Uttarakhand ; Haridwar;   Suppression on Shraman Bauddhist by Sunga King Pushyamitra &   History of Narsan Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;   Suppression on Shraman Bauddhist by Sunga King Pushyamitra & Ancient History of Bijnor;   Suppression on Shraman Bauddhist by Sunga King Pushyamitra & Ancient  History of Nazibabad Bijnor ;   Suppression on Shraman Bauddhist by Sunga King Pushyamitra & Ancient History of Saharanpur; Suppression on Shraman Bauddhist by Sunga King Pushyamitra &  Ancient  History of Nakur , Saharanpur;   Suppression on Shraman Bauddhist by Sunga King Pushyamitra & Ancient   History of Deoband, Saharanpur;  Suppression on Shraman Bauddhist by Sunga King Pushyamitra &   Ancient  History of Badhsharbaugh , Saharanpur;  Suppression on Shraman Bauddhist by Sunga King Pushyamitra & Ancient Saharanpur History,    Suppression on Shraman Bauddhist by Sunga King Pushyamitra & Ancient Bijnor History;
कनखल , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; तेलपुरा , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; सकरौदा ,  हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; भगवानपुर , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;रुड़की ,हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; झाब्रेरा हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; मंगलौर हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;लक्सर हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;सुल्तानपुर ,हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;पाथरी , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; बहदराबाद , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; लंढौर , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;बिजनौर इतिहास; नगीना ,  बिजनौर इतिहास; नजीबाबाद , नूरपुर , बिजनौर इतिहास;सहारनपुर इतिहास , Haridwar Itihas, Bijnor Itihas, Saharanpur Itihas
                     :=============  स्वच्छ भारत !  स्वच्छ भारत ! बुद्धिमान भारत =============:



Bhishma Kukreti

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Kaisari –Chakramah: A Freedom Fighter Lala Lajpat Rai based Sanskrit Drama
(History and Study of Sanskrit Literature Development in Garhwal-10) 
(Chronological Review, Study of Sanskrit Dramas, Stage plays created by Garhwali of Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India- 9)
(Review of Sanskrit Drama ‘Kaisari-Chakramah ‘written by Playwright Dr. Shiv Prasad Bhardwaj)
 
                         Internet Presentation By: Bhishma Kukreti
 Dr Shiv Prasad Bhardwaj wrote ‘Kaisari- Chakramh’ drama based on sacrifice of Lala Lajpat Rai.
  Playwright selected a main incident from the life sketch of great freedom fighter Lala Lajpat Rai. The drama is radio drama or audio drama. The drama is simple and dialogues are very simple.  The characters of this drma are based on various sounds as-
Vachak, Vachika, Ekh, Swar , Apar , Apar, Prathham, Swarah, Devi, Ekah etc.
 In background there is Freedom Movement campaign music. The drama is appreciable and critics appreciated the drama.


Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti 14/5/15, Mumbai, India
History of Sanskrit Literature Development in Garhwal to be continued in next part
                         Main Sources
1-Dr Prem Datt Chamoli, Garhwal Ki Sanskrit Sahitya ko Den, Dehradun, India
2- Dr. Shiv Prasad Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas (12 Khand), Dogadda, Garhwal, India
3-Bhakt Darshan, Garhwal ki Divangat Vibhutiyan
Xx
 
Notes on History, review  and Study Sanskrit Literature Development in Garhwal, Uttarakhand; History , review and Study Sanskrit Literature Development in Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand; History , review and Study Sanskrit Literature Development in Chamoli Garhwal, Uttarakhand; History and Study Sanskrit Literature Development in Rudraprayag Garhwal, Uttarakhand; History review, and Study Sanskrit Literature Development in Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand; History and Study Sanskrit Literature Development in Uttarkashi Garhwal, Uttarakhand; History and Study Sanskrit Literature Development in Dehradun, Garhwal, Uttarakhand; History and Study Sanskrit Literature Development in Haridwar, Garhwal, Uttarakhand; History and Study Sanskrit Literature Development in Garhwal, Uttarakhand, Himalaya; History and Study Sanskrit Literature Development in Garhwal, Uttarakhand, North India;
Xx
Sanskrit Dramas, Stage Plays, from Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Sanskrit Dramas, Stage Plays, from Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Sanskrit Dramas, Stage Plays, from Uttarkashi Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Sanskrit Dramas, Stage Plays, from Dehradun, Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Sanskrit Dramas, Stage Plays, from Haridwar, Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Sanskrit Dramas, Stage Plays, from Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Sanskrit Dramas, Stage Plays, from Chamoli Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Sanskrit Dramas, Stage Plays, from Rudraprayag Garhwal, Uttarakhand;
Xx
 Freedom Fighter Lala Lajpat Rai., Movement based Sanskrit Drama; Freedom Fighter Lala Lajpat Ra., Movement based Sanskrit Drama from Garhwal; Freedom Fighter Lala Lajpat Rai, Movement based Sanskrit Drama from Uttarakhand; Freedom Fighter Lala Lajpat Rai, Movement based Sanskrit Drama from Himalaya; Freedom Fighter Lala Lajpat Rai, Movement based Sanskrit Drama from North India; Freedom Fighter Lala Lajpat Rai, Movement based Sanskrit Drama from South Asia; 
 
 

 
 


Bhishma Kukreti

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तिमली डबराल स्यूं की बहू संस्कृत -हिंदी विदुषी - सुशीला ढौंडियाल डबराल

     (गंगासलाण के प्रसिद्ध संस्कृत विद्वान शश्रृंखला -3  )
        इंटरनेट प्रस्तुति - भीष्म कुकरेती
 सुशीला ढौंडियाल का संस्कृत साहित्य प्रसार में योगदान अभिन्न है।
सुशीला ढौंडियाल डबराल का जन्म डुमलोट , ढौंडियालस्यूं , पौड़ी गढ़वाल में १५ अगस्त १९४७ को हुया।    सुशीला ढौंडियाल के पिता का नाम महेशचंद्र व माता का नाम रामप्यारी था।
प्राथमिक शिक्षा गाँव में हुयी और हाइ स्कूल पौड़ी से। इनका विवाह तिमली के डा अशोक डबराल से साथ हुआ।  विवाह बाद ही सुशीला ने एमए हिंदी व एमए संस्कृत में किया।  १९७५ तक सुशीला ने कई जगह अध्यापकी की।
सुशीला ढौंडियाल डबराल का योगदान संस्कृत प्रसार में महत्वपूर्ण है . सुशीला ने निम्न दो संस्कृत महाकाव्यों का अनुवाद हिंदी में किया
देवात्मा -हिमालयः
धुक्षते धरती
दोनों महाकाव्य के रचयिता डा अशोक डबराल हैं।
सुशीला का योगदान योगविद्या प्रचार में भी महत्वपूर्ण है


 **** डा प्रेम दत्त चमोली की गढ़वाल की संस्कृत साहित्य को देन से साभार
--
 
 
  स्वच्छ भारत ! स्वच्छ भारत ! बुद्धिमान भारत !

Bhishma Kukreti

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Best  Harmless Garhwali Literature Humor   , Garhwali Literature Comedy Skits  , Garhwali Literature  Satire, Garhwali Wit Literature , Garhwali Sarcasm Literature  , Garhwali Skits Literature , Garhwali Vyangya  , Garhwali Hasya


                           बँचनेरून / पाठकुं तैं पुष्पांजलि

                        चबोड़्या, चखन्यौर्या , हंसोड्या   :::   भीष्म कुकरेती

ब्याळि कवि गीतेश नेगिक फोन आयि बल भैजि मि  हंसदरा , चबोड़्या लेख संग्रह छपण चाणु छौं तो फॉर्वार्डिंग नोट्स (भूमिका ) मा क्या लेखु।  गीतेशन में से वैक तरफ़ान भूमिका लिखणो ब्वाल।  मीन गीतेश की तरफ़ान इन भूमिका लेखिक दे -

 म्यार पाठक गण ! यदि म्यार लेखुं से तुम तै हौंस नि आइ त तीन काम कारो - अफु तै अफिक कुतगळि द्यावो , कैसे कुतगळि लगवावो निथर मेरी फोटो मंगावो अवश्य ही हौंस ऐ जाली।

हे पाठक ! यदि म्यार तथाकथित व्यंग्युं  से व्यंग्यानुभूति नि ह्वावु  तो नरेंद्र मोदीक अच्छे दिन वाळ भाषणु टेप देख लेन , राहुल गळ्या कु लोकसभा मा भाषणु टेप देख लेन निथर पलायन रोको पर विद्वान प्रवासी गढवळयूं  लेख पढ़ लेन।  तौंकी सौं व्यंग्यानुभूति अवश्य होली।

हास्य व्यंग्य करण खाणो काम नी च बल्कण मा एक गंभीर आदिमक काम च अर तुमर इ सौगंध , मि तै गंभीरता से घृणा  च।  मि तै जोक पसंद छन।

यदि तुम तै इन लग कि म्यार  हास्य तुमन कखि पैल इ पड़्यूं च तो इन समझ लेन कि जंगळ मा भग्याँ पालतू तोता वापस ऐ गेन।

आप तै समज लीण चयेंद कि जोक्स की चोरी अपराध हूंद तो सब हास्य लिख्वार या जोक्स सुणान वळ जेल मा हूंद।

जौं लेख या हंसुड़िकाऊं   (जोक्स ) पढ़िक ना तो रुण आवो , ना हंसी आवो , मतलब जिकुड़िक कांड बि नि हिलो तो समजी लेन कि यी म्यार मौलिक लेख , जोक्स छन।

तारांकित हंसुड़िकाऊं हंसाणो शत प्रतिशत गारंटी च किलैकि यूं हंसुड़िकाऊंन (जोक्स) सम्राट अशोक तैं बि हंसाई , बादशाह अशोक तैं बि हंसाई अर प्रधानमंत्री एच. डी. देवगौड़ा तै बि हंसाई।

अर सूणो ! किताब खतम करणो बाद बिंडी गुस्सा हूणै जरूरत नी च कि किताब मा ना तो हंसी ना ही व्यंग्य ! आप आम गढ़वळि पाठक छन जु होटलम या शादिक न्यूत मा दारु सारू मा हजारों रुपया खर्च कर दींदन पर गढवळि किताब पर एक धेला बि खरच नि करदन।  यदि जन तुम शराब पर खर्चा करदवां अर मजा पांदवां इनि तुम यदि गढवळि किताबुं पर खर्चा करदा तो अवश्य ही मजा आंदु। याद राखो ! बगैर खर्च कर्याँ मजा नि आंदु।  फोकट मा  पढ़िल तो इथगा इ मजा आलो। 



15/5 /15 ,Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti , Mumbai India
*लेख की   घटनाएँ ,  स्थान व नाम काल्पनिक हैं । लेख में  कथाएँ , चरित्र , स्थान केवल व्यंग्य रचने  हेतु उपयोग किये गए हैं।
 Best of Garhwali Humor Literature in Garhwali Language  ; Best of Himalayan Satire in Garhwali Language Literature ; Best of  Uttarakhandi Wit in Garhwali Language Literature  ; Best of  North Indian Spoof in Garhwali Language Literature ; Best of  Regional Language Lampoon in Garhwali Language  Literature; Best of  Ridicule in Garhwali Language Literature  ; Best of  Mockery in Garhwali Language Literature    ; Best of  Send-up in Garhwali Language Literature  ; Best of  Disdain in Garhwali Language Literature  ; Best of  Hilarity in Garhwali Language Literature  ; Best of  Cheerfulness in Garhwali Language  Literature   ;  Best of Garhwali Humor in Garhwali Language Literature  from Pauri Garhwal  ; Best of Himalayan Satire Literature in Garhwali Language from Rudraprayag Garhwal  ; Best of Uttarakhandi Wit in Garhwali Language from Chamoli Garhwal  ; Best of North Indian Spoof in Garhwali Language from Tehri Garhwal  ; Best of Regional Language Lampoon in Garhwali Language from Uttarkashi Garhwal  ; Best of Ridicule in Garhwali Language from Bhabhar Garhwal  ; Best of Mockery  in Garhwali Language from Lansdowne Garhwal  ; Best of Hilarity in Garhwali Language from Kotdwara Garhwal  ; Best of Cheerfulness in Garhwali Language from Haridwar  ;
Garhwali Vyangya , Garhwali Hasya,  Garhwali skits; Garhwali short skits, Garhwali Comedy Skits, Humorous Skits in Garhwali, Wit Garhwali Skits   
                    स्वच्छ भारत  , स्वच्छ भारत , बुद्धिमान भारत!



Bhishma Kukreti

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History: State Income from Different Taxes in Garhwal, Kumaon in Gurkha Rule

       History: Economical Administration of Garhwal, Kumaon in Gurkha Rule -3
History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Garhwal - 52
History of Gorkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -115   
   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -636
                          By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Student)


             Pungadi Kar (land Tax) collected in Gurkha Rule
   According to report in Garhwal Settlement report, B. D. Pande, Tehri Records, and Williams; the tax in Garhwal was as under-
Region------------------------------------------------Income in Gurkha rupees
Gangawar (Pauri, Chamoli, Rudraprayag) -           82409
Gangapar (Tehri, Uttarkashi) ------------------------- 60750
Doon (Barring Jaunsar –Babar, present Dehradun -----11472
Total------------------------------------------------------------154628
The other tax as Najrana, tand, Ghikar, Addhanni daftari , Mijhari etc was 10 percent of total tax.
                         Salami or Salamya Tax
  Salami or Salamya tax was Najrana tax and the rate was not defined as –
Region --------------Pungadi Tax -------------------Salami-Najrana Tax-------------%
Kumaon ---------------85525---------------------------- 27525----------------------------30.08 (Pande)
Gangawar -------------82406------------------------------1147-----------------------------1.04(Trail)
            Pande points out  that ‘Salami’ tax was that was offered to officers as ‘Najrana’. There is no mention of Salami or Salqmya tax in the records of Dhangu Kamin (Thakur Awatar Singh Rawat ‘s  personal library). There is a tax- ‘Teeka Bhent’ in Dhangu Kamin record and Dhangu Kamin paid that tax to Gurkha officer (Dhangu Garshya) in 1805, 1807 and 1809). Most of the records of Dhangu Kamin were destroyed and don’t had details of other years.
 There was freedom for Gurkha regional officers to get ‘Najrana’ tax and officers levied many tax under the umbrella of Najrana-
A Faujdar ki Timasi- Faujdar or Gurkah officers used to collect Timasi (one third of rupee) from villages. In 1808, Gurkha officer collected Faujdar ki Timasi from 30 villages of Dabralsyun as 54 Timasi (Gurkha Rs 13.50) (Thokdar Awatar Singh Rawat’s personal library)
B Subedar ki Doni (Duanni)- Doni means two anas. Dabralsyu’s Dhangu Kamin collected Doni from above villages and paid to Gurkha officer.
 In 1811, Bhandari and Dashrath Khatri fixed Doni tax as follows
Class of village ---------Dastur for high ranked Officer ----Dastur for Faujdar
First class------------------ 1 rupee------------------------------------------ eight ana
Second class----------------twelve ana-------------------------------------- four ana
Third class ------------------- eight ana---------------------------------------two ana
Fourth class---------------------four ana--------------------------------------one ana
  However, officers used to take Timasi too for getting more income for them. There was no record kept for Timasi in Gurkha officer record.

**One rupee means sixteen anas
*(Dastur means Gift )



** Most of references and details were taken from Dr Dabral

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 15/5//2015
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -637
*** History of Gorkha/Gurkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) to be continued in next chapter 

(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX
                    Reference

Atkinson E.T., 1884, 1886 , Gazetteer of  Himalayan Districts …
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021 
Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173
B. D. Pande, Kumaon ka Itihas
Sharma , Nepal ko Aitihasik Rup Rekha
Chaudhari , Anglo  –Nepalese Relations
Pande, Vasudha , Compares Histriographical Traditions of Gorkha Rule in Nepal and Kumaon
Pradhan , Kumar, 1991, The Gorkha Conquests , Oxford University  Press
Minyan Govrdhan Singh , History of Himachal Pradesh
A.P Coleman, 1999, A Special Corps
Captain Thomas Smith, 1852,Narrative of a Five Years Residence at Nepal Vol.1
Maula Ram/Mola Ram  , Ranbahadurchandrika and Garhrajvanshkavya
J B Fraser , Asiatic Research
Shyam Ganguli, Doon Rediscovered
Minyan Prem Singh, Guldast Tabarikh Koh Tihri Garhwal
Patiram Garhwal , Ancient and Modern
Tara Datt Gairola, Parvtiy Sanskriti

XXX
History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Sirmour Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Kangara Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Baghat Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Tehri Garhwal, Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Punar Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Uttarkashi Garhwal, Bageshwar Kumaon, Uttarakhand;  Nahan Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Dehradun Garhwal, Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History Himachal; 
Nepal Itihas, Garhwal Itihas, Kumaon Itihas, Himachal Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha ka Kumaon par  Adhikar Itihas , Gurkha/Gorkha Garhwal par Shasan Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Kumaon, Garhwal Uttarakhand; History Gurkha/Gorkha  Rule in Himachal,
Xx
History: State Income from different Taxes in Garhwal, Kumaon in Gurkha Rule; History: State Income from different Taxes in Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon in Gurkha Rule; History: State Income from different Taxes in Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon in Gurkha Rule; History: State Income from different Taxes in Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon in Gurkha Rule; History: State Income from different Taxes in Tehri Garhwal, Champawat Kumaon in Gurkha Rule; History: State Income from different Taxes in Uttarkashi Garhwal, Bageshwar Kumaon in Gurkha Rule;  History: State Income from different Taxes in Dehradun Garhwal, Pithoragarh Kumaon in Gurkha Rule; 

 
 
 
 
 




Bhishma Kukreti

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Characteristics, Personality  of Pushyamitra & Ancient  History of Haridwar, History Bijnor,  History Saharanpur
हरिद्वार इतिहास ,  बिजनौर  इतिहास , सहारनपुर   इतिहास  संदर्भ में पुष्यमित्र का व्यक्तित्व

                 Ancient  History of Haridwar, History Bijnor,  History Saharanpur  Part  -  122                   
                                                हरिद्वार इतिहास ,  बिजनौर  इतिहास , सहारनपुर   इतिहास  -आदिकाल से सन 1947 तक-भाग -122                     


                                               इतिहास विद्यार्थी ::: भीष्म कुकरेती
   पुष्यमित्र साहसी व वीर पुरुष था।  उसने सेना का व जनता का विश्वास जीत लिया था।  उत्तर भारत के अधिकाँश राज्य जीतने के बाद भी उसने अपनी उपाधि सेनापति ही रखी।
 मालविकाग्निमित्र व  धनदेव शिलालेख में उसे सेनापति ही कहा गया है।
 पुष्यमित्र ने अपने पुत्र व सेनापतियों को विशेष अधिकार दिए थे (महाभाष्य )
उसका शाशन अनुशासनबद्ध व जनविश्वास के लाय था तभी यवन उसके राज्यों पर छापा नही दाल सके थे।
पुष्यमित्र चतुर राजनीतिज्ञ भी था।
पुष्यमित्र विद्वान था व विद्वानो का सत्कार करता था।  उसकी सभा में पंतजलि सरीखे विद्वान भाग लेते थे।  वह निरंकुश शासक नही था अपितु मंत्रियों व विद्वानो की मंत्रणा से शासन चलाता था। मंत्रिपरिषद को महत्व देता था।
       
उसके राज में नई शैली के भवन निर्मित हुए जो बताते हैं कि पुष्यमित्र के काल में कला को महत्व दिया जाता था। कहा जाता है कि सुमति  भार्गव ने इसी काल में मनुस्मृति का सम्पादन किया था।



Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti  Mumbai, India 15/5/2015

   History of Haridwar, Bijnor, Saharanpur  to be continued Part  --
 हरिद्वार,  बिजनौर , सहारनपुर का आदिकाल से सन 1947 तक इतिहास  to be continued -भाग -

       Characteristics, Personality  of Pushyamitra &Ancient History of Kankhal, Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;   Characteristics, Personality  of Pushyamitra & Ancient History of Har ki Paidi Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;   Characteristics, Personality  of Pushyamitra & Ancient History of Jwalapur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;   Ancient  History of Telpura Haridwar, Uttarakhand  ;   Characteristics, Personality  of Pushyamitra & Ancient  History of Sakrauda Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;  Characteristics, Personality  of Pushyamitra &  Ancient  History of Bhagwanpur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;   Characteristics, Personality  of Pushyamitra & Ancient   History of Roorkee, Haridwar, Uttarakhand  ;  Characteristics, Personality  of Pushyamitra & Ancient  History of Jhabarera Haridwar, Uttarakhand  ;   Characteristics, Personality  of Pushyamitra & Ancient History of Manglaur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;   Characteristics, Personality  of Pushyamitra & Ancient  History of Laksar; Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;  Characteristics, Personality  of Pushyamitra &    Ancient History of Sultanpur,  Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;  Characteristics, Personality  of Pushyamitra &    Ancient  History of Pathri Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Characteristics, Personality  of Pushyamitra &    Ancient History of Landhaur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;   Characteristics, Personality  of Pushyamitra & Ancient History of Bahdarabad, Uttarakhand ; Haridwar;    Characteristics, Personality  of Pushyamitra &   History of Narsan Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;  Characteristics, Personality  of Pushyamitra &   Ancient History of Bijnor;    Ancient  History of Nazibabad Bijnor ;   Characteristics, Personality  of Pushyamitra &  Ancient History of Saharanpur;  Characteristics, Personality  of Pushyamitra &  Ancient  History of Nakur , Saharanpur;    Characteristics, Personality  of Pushyamitra & Ancient   History of Deoband, Saharanpur;   Characteristics, Personality  of Pushyamitra &   Ancient  History of Badhsharbaugh , Saharanpur;  Characteristics, Personality  of Pushyamitra &  Ancient Saharanpur History,   Characteristics, Personality  of Pushyamitra &   Ancient Bijnor History;
कनखल , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; तेलपुरा , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; सकरौदा ,  हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; भगवानपुर , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;रुड़की ,हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; झाब्रेरा हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; मंगलौर हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;लक्सर हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;सुल्तानपुर ,हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;पाथरी , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; बहदराबाद , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; लंढौर , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;बिजनौर इतिहास; नगीना ,  बिजनौर इतिहास; नजीबाबाद , नूरपुर , बिजनौर इतिहास;सहारनपुर इतिहास , Haridwar Itihas, Bijnor Itihas, Saharanpur Itihas
                     :=============  स्वच्छ भारत !  स्वच्छ भारत ! बुद्धिमान भारत =============:

 

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