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Author Topic: Articles By Bhisma Kukreti - श्री भीष्म कुकरेती जी के लेख  (Read 726392 times)

Bhishma Kukreti

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Re: Articles By Bhisma Kukreti - श्री भीष्म कुकरेती जी के लेख
« Reply #4450 on: January 14, 2016, 08:01:40 AM »
   Bushahr People Revolting against Gurkha/Nepalese
   
                     Himachal People Revolting against Gurkha –Part -5

Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -212   
             History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -739
               
                                         By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Student)
  In early months of 1815, Kirti Rana was commanding Gurkha soldiers staying in Hattudanda Garhi of Bushahr, Himachal. Getting information of revolt in  Jaunsar, Vazir (ministers) Tikkandas and Badaridas called people carrying clubs (Lathait) of nearby villages and started attacking Garhis where Gurkha soldiers were staying. Kirti Rana asked his commanders and soldiers of various Garhis (small forts) to reach Navgarh Garhi with their families as Navgarh Garhi was safer. Kirti Rana had hope of Gurkha soldiers reaching to Navagarh Garhi from Shrinagar and from Amar Singh Thapa Army. Bushahr people surrounded Navagarh Garhi and stopped water supply. It was impossible to stay in Navagarh for Kirti Rana. He and his soldiers rana way from Navagarh towards Rain Garh through  Chumbhidhar hill. Getting information, Bushahr people followed the thirsty and hungry soldiers of Kirti Rana and Kirti Rana. It was difficult for Kirti Rana and his troop to run with speed. He camped in Saradu Tibba in night.


(From wittings of Sirmur Gazette, Bushahr Gazette, Bushehar Gazette, Fraser, Prinsep, Premble, Sitaram, Hamilton, Thompson and Garret)
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 14/1//2016
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -740
*** History of Gorkha/Gurkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) to be continued in next chapter
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX                    Reference
   
Atkinson E.T., 1884, 1886, Gazetteer of Himalayan Districts …
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021 
Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173
B. D. Pande, Kumaon ka Itihas
Balchandra Sharma, Nepal ko Aitihasik Rup Rekha
Chaudhari , Anglo  –Nepalese Relations
Pande, Vasudha , Compares Histriographical Traditions of Gorkha Rule in Nepal and Kumaon
Pradhan , Kumar, 1991, The Gorkha Conquests , Oxford University  Press
Minyan Govrdhan Singh , History of Himachal Pradesh
A.P Coleman, 1999, A Special Corps
Captain Thomas Smith, 1852,Narrative of a Five Years Residence at Nepal Vol.1
Maula Ram/Mola Ram  , Ranbahadurchandrika and Garhrajvanshkavya
J B Fraser , Asiatic Research
Shyam Ganguli, Doon Rediscovered
Minyan Prem Singh, Guldast Tabarikh Koh Tihri Garhwal
Patiram Garhwal , Ancient and Modern
Tara Datt Gairola, Parvtiy Sanskriti
John Premble, Invasion of Nepal
Chitranjan Nepali, Bhimsen Thapa aur Tatkalin Nepal
Sanwal, Nepal and East India Company
Nagendra kr Singh, Refugee to Ruler
Saxena, Historical papers related to Kumaon
Paper Respecting Nepal War by East India Company (papers in Stock)
Basu, Rise of Christian Power in India)
Moti Lal Ghosh, an article in Amrit Bazar Patrika
XXX
History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Sirmour Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Kangara Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Baghat Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Tehri Garhwal, Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Punar Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Uttarkashi Garhwal, Bageshwar Kumaon, Uttarakhand;  Nahan Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Dehradun Garhwal, Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; 
Nepal Itihas, Garhwal Itihas, Kumaon Itihas, Himachal Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha ka Kumaon par  Adhikar Itihas , Gurkha/Gorkha Garhwal par Shasan Itihas Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal;  Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Kumaon, Garhwal Uttarakhand; History Gurkha/Gorkha  Rule in Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal


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Bhishma Kukreti

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Re: Articles By Bhisma Kukreti - श्री भीष्म कुकरेती जी के लेख
« Reply #4451 on: January 18, 2016, 09:05:24 AM »
                   Garhwali, Kumaoni Soldiers Leaving Gurkha Army
   
                     Himachal People Revolting against Gurkha –Part -6

Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -213 
             History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -740               
                                         By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Student)

                     In West of Central Himalayas (Western Garhwal and Himachal), the Gurkha soldiers strength was around one third of total Gurkha army. Two third numbers of soldiers were Garhwali, Kumaoni, or Sirmur Himachali soldiers in Gurkha Army. There were Garhwali, Kumaoni, Sirmur Soldiers with Gurkha Commander Kirti Rana. When the Bushahr people led by Vazirs of Bushahr surrounded Gurkha Camp at Saradu ka Tibba (Tapda) the soldiers and Kirti Rana were in dangerous position. Kirti Rana surrendered on a condition that he would not be killed. He put condition that Vazirs (Ministers) should hand over him to British Commander. Bushahr people army captured Kirti Rana. Kumaoni, Garhwali, Sirmur soldiers left Gurkha army and choosing for becoming British army soldiers. Now, Garhwali, Kumaoni , Sirmur soldiers were with Bushahr people.
                         Bushahr People Army Attacking Rain Garh, Himachal
  Now, Bushahr People Army led by two Bushahr ministers along with Garhwali, Kumaoni, Sirmur soldiers marched towards Rain Garhi (fort at Raingarh). Bushahr People army and other Garhwali, Kumaoni, Sirmur soldiers surrounded Rain Garhi where Gurkha soldiers were camping. At the same time – in May 1815, Fraser reached to Hatkoti (Himachal) with his temporary army of Garhwali, Kumaoni, Himachali soldiers. Bushahr People Army called ‘Dheeng’ weapon for breaking Rain Garh fort wall from Bushahr.  There were 3000 Bushahr people with Dangi minister. 1000 people had old types of gun with them. Balance People soldiers were having bamboo arrow with bone head. Many had axes with them.

(From wittings of Sirmur Gazette, Bushahr Gazette, Bushehar Gazette, Fraser, Prinsep, Premble, Sitaram, Hamilton, Thompson and Garret)
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 18/1//2016
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -741
*** History of Gorkha/Gurkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) to be continued in next chapter
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX                    Reference
   
Atkinson E.T., 1884, 1886, Gazetteer of Himalayan Districts …
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021 
Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173
B. D. Pande, Kumaon ka Itihas
Balchandra Sharma, Nepal ko Aitihasik Rup Rekha
Chaudhari , Anglo  –Nepalese Relations
Pande, Vasudha , Compares Histriographical Traditions of Gorkha Rule in Nepal and Kumaon
Pradhan , Kumar, 1991, The Gorkha Conquests , Oxford University  Press
Minyan Govrdhan Singh , History of Himachal Pradesh
A.P Coleman, 1999, A Special Corps
Captain Thomas Smith, 1852,Narrative of a Five Years Residence at Nepal Vol.1
Maula Ram/Mola Ram  , Ranbahadurchandrika and Garhrajvanshkavya
J B Fraser , Asiatic Research
Shyam Ganguli, Doon Rediscovered
Minyan Prem Singh, Guldast Tabarikh Koh Tihri Garhwal
Patiram Garhwal , Ancient and Modern
Tara Datt Gairola, Parvtiy Sanskriti
John Premble, Invasion of Nepal
Chitranjan Nepali, Bhimsen Thapa aur Tatkalin Nepal
Sanwal, Nepal and East India Company
Nagendra kr Singh, Refugee to Ruler
Saxena, Historical papers related to Kumaon
Paper Respecting Nepal War by East India Company (papers in Stock)
Basu, Rise of Christian Power in India)
Moti Lal Ghosh, an article in Amrit Bazar Patrika
XXX
History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Sirmour Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Kangara Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Baghat Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Tehri Garhwal, Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Punar Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Uttarkashi Garhwal, Bageshwar Kumaon, Uttarakhand;  Nahan Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Dehradun Garhwal, Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; 
Nepal Itihas, Garhwal Itihas, Kumaon Itihas, Himachal Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha ka Kumaon par  Adhikar Itihas , Gurkha/Gorkha Garhwal par Shasan Itihas Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal;  Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Kumaon, Garhwal Uttarakhand; History Gurkha/Gorkha  Rule in Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal

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Bhishma Kukreti

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Re: Articles By Bhisma Kukreti - श्री भीष्म कुकरेती जी के लेख
« Reply #4452 on: January 19, 2016, 07:54:05 AM »
                        A Few Patriotic Non Gurkha Soldiers

                     Himachal People Revolting against Gurkha –Part -7

Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -213 
             History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -741               
                                         By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Student)
   
         The people of Jaunsar, Palva, Puchhar, Sain, Rajgarh, Morni,Jubbal  Bushahr revolted against Gurkha and many Non Gurkha soldiers also ditched Gurkha army. There were a few Non Gurkha Patriotic soldiers in Gurkha too. Those patriotic soldiers believed that since they took salaries money from Gurkha Kingdom it was their duty for serving Gurkha with heart and body. When Balbhadra was running towards west of Jautgarh, due to fear or patriotic reasons,  people of Ladi and Kangar  supported Balbhadra as representative of Gurkha Kingdom.
 Ranjor handed over Moranigarhi to anon Gurkha Gauri Shah. Gaur Shah was either Garhwali or Kumaoni. There was an officer in Gurkha army – Kisandas Upreti (Garhwali or Kumaoni) left Gurkha army from Moranigarh and joined British army. Kisan Das wrote a ltter to Gauri Shah that Gurkha army snatched the Kingdom of Gari Shah’s father and Gauri Shah should leave Gurkha. However, Gauri Shah replied that he took salt from Gurkha and he would never leave Gurkha. Dhaniram also wrote letter to Gauri Shah to leave Gurkha army and join British army but Gauri Shah refused to ditch Gurkha Kingdom.
                Letter of Amar Singh Thapa to Nepal King
   Overall, everywhere in Central Himalaya, people were revolting against Gurkha. The people were finding opportunity for taking revenge against Gurkha. Nepalese King sent a ltter for Amar Singh Thapa and it reached to Amar Singh Thapa through Ranjor Singh. Amar Singh Thapa replied to the King on 2nd March 1815,” Most of people and Kings of this area joined enemy camp (British). They surrounded me too. The people of Bilaspur supported Gurkha Kingdom. Therefore, people of  Nalagarh, Hindur are against Bilaspur people and ready for killing Bilaspur people. It is not possible for Gurkha army to head on people of this region.”
   People were not supporting to Gurkha army and still Gurkha were taking food and other materials and animals from those villages of Himachal.

(From wittings of Sirmur Gazette, Bushahr Gazette, Bushehar Gazette, Fraser, Prinsep, Premble, Sitaram, Hamilton, Thompson and Garret)
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 19/1//2016
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -742
*** History of Gorkha/Gurkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) to be continued in next chapter
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX                    Reference
   
Atkinson E.T., 1884, 1886, Gazetteer of Himalayan Districts …
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021 
Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173
B. D. Pande, Kumaon ka Itihas
Balchandra Sharma, Nepal ko Aitihasik Rup Rekha
Chaudhari , Anglo  –Nepalese Relations
Pande, Vasudha , Compares Histriographical Traditions of Gorkha Rule in Nepal and Kumaon
Pradhan , Kumar, 1991, The Gorkha Conquests , Oxford University  Press
Minyan Govrdhan Singh , History of Himachal Pradesh
A.P Coleman, 1999, A Special Corps
Captain Thomas Smith, 1852,Narrative of a Five Years Residence at Nepal Vol.1
Maula Ram/Mola Ram  , Ranbahadurchandrika and Garhrajvanshkavya
J B Fraser , Asiatic Research
Shyam Ganguli, Doon Rediscovered
Minyan Prem Singh, Guldast Tabarikh Koh Tihri Garhwal
Patiram Garhwal , Ancient and Modern
Tara Datt Gairola, Parvtiy Sanskriti
John Premble, Invasion of Nepal
Chitranjan Nepali, Bhimsen Thapa aur Tatkalin Nepal
Sanwal, Nepal and East India Company
Nagendra kr Singh, Refugee to Ruler
Saxena, Historical papers related to Kumaon
Paper Respecting Nepal War by East India Company (papers in Stock)
Basu, Rise of Christian Power in India)
Moti Lal Ghosh, an article in Amrit Bazar Patrika
XXX
History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Sirmour Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Kangara Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Baghat Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Tehri Garhwal, Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Punar Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Uttarkashi Garhwal, Bageshwar Kumaon, Uttarakhand;  Nahan Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Dehradun Garhwal, Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; 
Nepal Itihas, Garhwal Itihas, Kumaon Itihas, Himachal Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha ka Kumaon par  Adhikar Itihas , Gurkha/Gorkha Garhwal par Shasan Itihas Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal;  Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Kumaon, Garhwal Uttarakhand; History Gurkha/Gorkha  Rule in Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal

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Bhishma Kukreti

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Re: Articles By Bhisma Kukreti - श्री भीष्म कुकरेती जी के लेख
« Reply #4453 on: January 20, 2016, 09:07:02 AM »
                               British Preparation from Capturing Kumaon
   
                              British Campaign for Capturing Kumaon -1

Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -214
             History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -742               
                                         By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Student)
                   
                                            Benefits from Kumaon Campaign

                    Hastings decided that Kumaon campaign would start after initiation in other regions against Gurkha/Nepalese. Hastings got information that the Kamin/Sayana (Regional and village Chiefs) were against Gurkha rule. There were lesser soldier power and material support in Kumaon with Gurkha army in Kumaon. The soldiers of Gurkha army from Kumaon and Garhwal were deputed towards east and west of Central Himalaya. That is why Hastings decided Kumaon campaign in October 1814.
                The benefits of Kumaon campaign were more. Even if there was no win in Kumaon the Gurkha army power would defused in Kumaon and it was easier for British for capturing Garhwal region. Kumaon campaign would reduce army power of Gurkha for Garhwal camping. The big benefit was that  Amar Singh Thapa would not lead Gurkha army in Kumaon. Kumaon campaign would break communication line and military support between Nepal and Amar Singh Thapa and Gurkha army of Himachal region. If Amar Singh Thapa would come to protect Kathmandu he would be stopped anywhere in Himachal and Garhwal.
          The Kumaon campaign was also beneficial for inspiring Garhwalis and Kumaunis for going against Gurkha army.  Initially, Garhwalis and Kumaunis perceived that British were interested in capturing only plains fo Hill Kingdoms. Kumaon campaign assured Garhwalis and Kumaonis that British was also eager for winning Hill regions too of Hill Kingdoms. Tularam the Kamin of Langoor also sent the letter that if British act against Gurkha in Hill regions Garhwalis would go against Gurkha with full force.

(From writings of Atkinson, Saxsena Fraser etc) 
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 20/1//2016
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -743
*** History of Gorkha/Gurkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) to be continued in next chapter
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX                    Reference
   
Atkinson E.T., 1884, 1886, Gazetteer of Himalayan Districts …
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021 
Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173
B. D. Pande, Kumaon ka Itihas
Balchandra Sharma, Nepal ko Aitihasik Rup Rekha
Chaudhari , Anglo  –Nepalese Relations
Pande, Vasudha , Compares Histriographical Traditions of Gorkha Rule in Nepal and Kumaon
Pradhan , Kumar, 1991, The Gorkha Conquests , Oxford University  Press
Minyan Govrdhan Singh , History of Himachal Pradesh
A.P Coleman, 1999, A Special Corps
Captain Thomas Smith, 1852,Narrative of a Five Years Residence at Nepal Vol.1
Maula Ram/Mola Ram  , Ranbahadurchandrika and Garhrajvanshkavya
J B Fraser , Asiatic Research
Shyam Ganguli, Doon Rediscovered
Minyan Prem Singh, Guldast Tabarikh Koh Tihri Garhwal
Patiram Garhwal , Ancient and Modern
Tara Datt Gairola, Parvtiy Sanskriti
John Premble, Invasion of Nepal
Chitranjan Nepali, Bhimsen Thapa aur Tatkalin Nepal
Sanwal, Nepal and East India Company
Nagendra kr Singh, Refugee to Ruler
Saxena, Historical papers related to Kumaon
Paper Respecting Nepal War by East India Company (papers in Stock)
Basu, Rise of Christian Power in India)
Moti Lal Ghosh, an article in Amrit Bazar Patrika
XXX
History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Sirmour Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Kangara Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Baghat Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Tehri Garhwal, Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Punar Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Uttarkashi Garhwal, Bageshwar Kumaon, Uttarakhand;  Nahan Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Dehradun Garhwal, Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; 
Nepal Itihas, Garhwal Itihas, Kumaon Itihas, Himachal Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha ka Kumaon par  Adhikar Itihas , Gurkha/Gorkha Garhwal par Shasan Itihas Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal;  Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Kumaon, Garhwal Uttarakhand; History Gurkha/Gorkha  Rule in Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal



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Bhishma Kukreti

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Re: Articles By Bhisma Kukreti - श्री भीष्म कुकरेती जी के लेख
« Reply #4454 on: January 22, 2016, 07:46:17 AM »
                   British Appointing Temporary Soldiers

                              British Campaign for Capturing Kumaon -2

Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -215
             History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -743               
                                         By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Student)

                Due to need of permanent soldiers for protecting British territory it was not possible for British commanders posting permanent soldiers for Kumaon Campaign. Therefore, Governor General ordered for appointing 1500 temporary soldiers for Kumaon Campaign. Governor General had opinion that British could defeat Gurkha in Kumaon by deploying gunmen, proper supervision of temporary army and support of Kumaon people.
                            Strategies Uses
   Apart from appointing temporary soldiers, British used strategies for winning Kumaon.
1-Stopping Gurkha Army appointing new soldiers
2-Luring Gurkha army soldiers (Non Gurkha and Gurkha both) and taking them in British side
3-Inspiring Kumaunis against Gurkha for revolt
4- Luring Kumaon In Charge Bamshah and getting his secret support for Kumaon Capturing
                              Luring Rohilla Soldiers
 Governor General got information that Gurkha commander Bamshah was preparing hiring Rohilla soldiers from Moradabad, Rampur, and Barelly. By that hundreds of other soldiers would join Gurkha army.
 On 23rd October 1814, Governor Genral send an order that no inhabitant would under British rule would join Gurkha /Nepalese army. He declared that all inhabitants under British rule working with Nepal army should leave Gurkha army by 30th November 1814. British government declared that all ex-Nepal employees would give employment in British government. By that declaration no Rohilla, Pathan joined Gurkha/Nepalese army. Hearsay and Gardner were able for appointing 5000 soldiers from Rampur, Moradabad, and Bareilly. In 1815, 250 Rohila soldiers left Gurkha army and joined British army.


(From writings of Atkinson, Saxsena,  Fraser etc) 
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 22/1//2016
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -744
*** History of Gorkha/Gurkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) to be continued in next chapter
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX                    Reference
   
Atkinson E.T., 1884, 1886, Gazetteer of Himalayan Districts …
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021 
Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173
B. D. Pande, Kumaon ka Itihas
Balchandra Sharma, Nepal ko Aitihasik Rup Rekha
Chaudhari , Anglo  –Nepalese Relations
Pande, Vasudha , Compares Histriographical Traditions of Gorkha Rule in Nepal and Kumaon
Pradhan , Kumar, 1991, The Gorkha Conquests , Oxford University  Press
Minyan Govrdhan Singh , History of Himachal Pradesh
A.P Coleman, 1999, A Special Corps
Captain Thomas Smith, 1852,Narrative of a Five Years Residence at Nepal Vol.1
Maula Ram/Mola Ram  , Ranbahadurchandrika and Garhrajvanshkavya
J B Fraser , Asiatic Research
Shyam Ganguli, Doon Rediscovered
Minyan Prem Singh, Guldast Tabarikh Koh Tihri Garhwal
Patiram Garhwal , Ancient and Modern
Tara Datt Gairola, Parvtiy Sanskriti
John Premble, Invasion of Nepal
Chitranjan Nepali, Bhimsen Thapa aur Tatkalin Nepal
Sanwal, Nepal and East India Company
Nagendra kr Singh, Refugee to Ruler
Saxena, Historical papers related to Kumaon
Paper Respecting Nepal War by East India Company (papers in Stock)
Basu, Rise of Christian Power in India)
Moti Lal Ghosh, an article in Amrit Bazar Patrika
XXX
History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Sirmour Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Kangara Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Baghat Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Tehri Garhwal, Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Punar Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Uttarkashi Garhwal, Bageshwar Kumaon, Uttarakhand;  Nahan Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Dehradun Garhwal, Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; 
Nepal Itihas, Garhwal Itihas, Kumaon Itihas, Himachal Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha ka Kumaon par  Adhikar Itihas , Gurkha/Gorkha Garhwal par Shasan Itihas Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal;  Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Kumaon, Garhwal Uttarakhand; History Gurkha/Gorkha  Rule in Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal

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Bhishma Kukreti

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Re: Articles By Bhisma Kukreti - श्री भीष्म कुकरेती जी के लेख
« Reply #4455 on: January 23, 2016, 08:00:32 AM »

   British Declaration for Kumaon People

                              British Campaign for Capturing Kumaon -3

Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -216

             History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -744               
                                         By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Student)

                  Johan Adam the Secretary of East India Company sent a ‘Declaration for Kumaunis ‘ along with a letter on 14th December 1814 to Edward Gardner (Moradabad). The declaration was in Persian, Hindustani and English. Adam was asked for translating the ‘Declaration into Kumauni and to be distributed among Kumaunis. There is no Kumauni translation available in English Premutiny Records. In Himalayan Districts vo.l II page 646, Atkinson wrote the transliteration of that declaration as follows –
  British government was watching for many days that Kumaoni people are suffering Gurkha oppressive rule. However, till there were amicable relationship of British with Gurkha, British administration had to have amicable relation with Nepal. British administration had to watch the suppression of Kumaoni People. When Gurkha reached the height of oppression and violence British government had to fight with Gurkha/Nepal and come forward for helping Kumaunis. British Government is eager for freeing Kumaon from oppressive rule of Nepal. British administration sent army to free Kumaon from Gurkha/Nepal rule. Kumaoni people are requested for helping British army. And accept the rule of British Government without any resistance and violence. People could get all rights under British rule and British will protect the wealth and people of Kumaon.
 The above declaration was distributed among Kumaoni. British officers contacted those Kumaunis who were in touch with Rutherford. Harsh Dev Joshi also reached to Kashipur. Harsh Dev Joshi sent letters to influential Kumaoni elites.
           


(From writings of Atkinson, Saxsena,  Fraser etc) 
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 23/1//2016
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -745
*** History of Gorkha/Gurkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) to be continued in next chapter
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX                    Reference
   
Atkinson E.T., 1884, 1886, Gazetteer of Himalayan Districts …
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021 
Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173
B. D. Pande, Kumaon ka Itihas
Balchandra Sharma, Nepal ko Aitihasik Rup Rekha
Chaudhari , Anglo  –Nepalese Relations
Pande, Vasudha , Compares Histriographical Traditions of Gorkha Rule in Nepal and Kumaon
Pradhan , Kumar, 1991, The Gorkha Conquests , Oxford University  Press
Minyan Govrdhan Singh , History of Himachal Pradesh
A.P Coleman, 1999, A Special Corps
Captain Thomas Smith, 1852,Narrative of a Five Years Residence at Nepal Vol.1
Maula Ram/Mola Ram  , Ranbahadurchandrika and Garhrajvanshkavya
J B Fraser , Asiatic Research
Shyam Ganguli, Doon Rediscovered
Minyan Prem Singh, Guldast Tabarikh Koh Tihri Garhwal
Patiram Garhwal , Ancient and Modern
Tara Datt Gairola, Parvtiy Sanskriti
John Premble, Invasion of Nepal
Chitranjan Nepali, Bhimsen Thapa aur Tatkalin Nepal
Sanwal, Nepal and East India Company
Nagendra kr Singh, Refugee to Ruler
Saxena, Historical papers related to Kumaon
Paper Respecting Nepal War by East India Company (papers in Stock)
Basu, Rise of Christian Power in India)
Moti Lal Ghosh, an article in Amrit Bazar Patrika
XXX
History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Sirmour Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Kangara Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Baghat Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Tehri Garhwal, Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Punar Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Uttarkashi Garhwal, Bageshwar Kumaon, Uttarakhand;  Nahan Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Dehradun Garhwal, Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; 
Nepal Itihas, Garhwal Itihas, Kumaon Itihas, Himachal Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha ka Kumaon par  Adhikar Itihas , Gurkha/Gorkha Garhwal par Shasan Itihas Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal;  Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Kumaon, Garhwal Uttarakhand; History Gurkha/Gorkha  Rule in Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal


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Re: Articles By Bhisma Kukreti - श्री भीष्म कुकरेती जी के लेख
« Reply #4456 on: January 24, 2016, 07:36:29 AM »

                                       British Luring Nepal Resident Bamshah

                              British Campaign for Capturing Kumaon -4

Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -217

             History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -745               
                                         By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Student)
 By order of John Adam on 23rd October 1814, Edward Gardner tried to find out whether Kumaon resident Bamshah could come to side of British by deceiving Nepal Government. Gardner was now posted in Moradabad. On that time, in each Indian Kingdom, there were a few Kingdom officers who were ready to come to the side of British and deceive his own Kingdom. Many officers from Bengal, Awadh, and Maratha Kingdoms betrayed, deceived their Kingdoms and came to the side of British.
 British officers were hopeful that Bamshah would betray his Kingdom.
  Gardner sent a faithful and reliable person to Bamshah with a letter in Newari language. The letter stated that if Bamshah wanted to talk with Gardner he could send his thought. That man was in Almora for four days. On night, Bamshah called that person. That reliable person handed over the letter of Gardner to Bamshah. Bamshah read the letter and just said one sentence,” Why so much late?”
Bamshah did not disclose about letter to his aids. Next day, Bamshah handed over a letter in Persian language for Gardner. The letter was about British declaration for Kumaunis.
    Bamshah did not mention anything for coming to the British camp. However, he did not mention about not coming to the British side too. Bamashah did not tell about Gardner’s man meeting hmi.
On 22nd November 1814, Gardner sent separate letters with two reliable Kumaunis for Bamshah. Those two Kumaunis were sent to Almora through different roads.
Edward Gardner wrote letter for Bamshah as follows-
“ As per British government order a few days back, I came here (Moradabad). If you are ready I would like to say something about your benefits. I am sending this reliable hill man to you. If possible you may state your views. Or you may send your aid to me directly. That representative would answer my proposal for you. “
 There was no direct request for Bamshah in the above letter. However, the letter was indicating Bamshah for betrayal.
Bamshah answered, “You are interested about my benefits. I am an obedient employee of Nepal. I wish for friendly relationship between Nepal and British. If you are interested for that proposal I could send a reliable person to you.”
 The above letter is an important letter. Though Bamshah was surrounded by Amar Singh Thapa men in Kumaon but he was not ready for betrayal.
After knowing the letter , John Adam wrote letter to  Gardner,” It is now definite that Bamshah would will not help British for capturing Kumaon.”
 British officers also knew that Bamshah was  appointing Rohilla and Pathan soldiers for future Battle between British and Nepal in Kumaon.
  Even then Gardner was of opinion that Bamshah would help British due to his disagreement with Thapa men in Kumaon. Gardner had opinion that as soon British would attack on Kumaon, Bamshah would join British camp. 


(From writings of Atkinson, Sanwal, Saxsena,  Fraser etc) 
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 24/1//2016
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -746
*** History of Gorkha/Gurkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) to be continued in next chapter
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX                    Reference    
   
Atkinson E.T., 1884, 1886, Gazetteer of Himalayan Districts …
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021 
Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173
B. D. Pande, Kumaon ka Itihas
Balchandra Sharma, Nepal ko Aitihasik Rup Rekha
Chaudhari , Anglo  –Nepalese Relations
Pande, Vasudha , Compares Histriographical Traditions of Gorkha Rule in Nepal and Kumaon
Pradhan , Kumar, 1991, The Gorkha Conquests , Oxford University  Press
Minyan Govrdhan Singh , History of Himachal Pradesh
A.P Coleman, 1999, A Special Corps
Captain Thomas Smith, 1852,Narrative of a Five Years Residence at Nepal Vol.1
Maula Ram/Mola Ram  , Ranbahadurchandrika and Garhrajvanshkavya
J B Fraser , Asiatic Research
Shyam Ganguli, Doon Rediscovered
Minyan Prem Singh, Guldast Tabarikh Koh Tihri Garhwal
Patiram Garhwal , Ancient and Modern
Tara Datt Gairola, Parvtiy Sanskriti
John Premble, Invasion of Nepal
Chitranjan Nepali, Bhimsen Thapa aur Tatkalin Nepal
Sanwal, Nepal and East India Company
Nagendra kr Singh, Refugee to Ruler
Saxena, Historical papers related to Kumaon
Paper Respecting Nepal War by East India Company (papers in Stock)
Basu, Rise of Christian Power in India)
Moti Lal Ghosh, an article in Amrit Bazar Patrika
XXX
History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Sirmour Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Kangara Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Baghat Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Tehri Garhwal, Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Punar Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Uttarkashi Garhwal, Bageshwar Kumaon, Uttarakhand;  Nahan Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Dehradun Garhwal, Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; 
Nepal Itihas, Garhwal Itihas, Kumaon Itihas, Himachal Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha ka Kumaon par  Adhikar Itihas , Gurkha/Gorkha Garhwal par Shasan Itihas Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal;  Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Kumaon, Garhwal Uttarakhand; History Gurkha/Gorkha  Rule in Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal

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Re: Articles By Bhisma Kukreti - श्री भीष्म कुकरेती जी के लेख
« Reply #4457 on: January 30, 2016, 08:57:58 PM »


                                    Appointment of Colonel William Gardner 

                              History British Campaign for Capturing Kumaon -5

Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -218

             History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -746               
                                         By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Student)
   
              Edward Gardner had information that as soon as British army would enter into Kumaon the Kumaon People would revolt against Gurkha/Nepal rulers. Colonel Gardner was aware that it was better to attack before the rebellion sentiments of Kumaunis calm down against Gurkha/Nepal rulers.  When Governor General was visiting north States, Gardner informed his friend Adam that Kumaunis were waiting for British Army.
 The cosine of Edward Gardner was Lieutenant Colonel William Gardner who in 1795, worked with British army under Earl of Mayoral. Hastings was his colleague. William Gardner left British army and joined Holkar Kingdom. In 1804, William deceived Holkar and rejoined British army.  British officials appointed William as head of temporary Cavalry Army .That temporary company was named as Gardner Horses.   William Gardner married Matmurjulunissa Begum (daughter of Ex Nabab of Cambey). Matmurjulunissa Begum was sister of Khanun Jahurulnissa the wife of Hearsay. Both the sisters were adopted daughters of Delhi King Akbar II. Badshah gifted Gardner the Jamaindari of Kasganj.
    Hastings used to promoted old devotee British army Officials. Hastings appointed William Gardner as in charge of Capturing Kumaon from Gurkha/Nepal. Hastings ordered William Gardner for appointing 1500 Pathan and Rohilla soldiers under him.

(From writings of Atkinson, Sanwal, Saxsena,  Fraser etc) 
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 30/1//2016
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -747
*** History of Gorkha/Gurkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) to be continued in next chapter
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX                    Reference    
   
Atkinson E.T., 1884, 1886, Gazetteer of Himalayan Districts …
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021 
Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173
B. D. Pande, Kumaon ka Itihas
Balchandra Sharma, Nepal ko Aitihasik Rup Rekha
Chaudhari , Anglo  –Nepalese Relations
Pande, Vasudha , Compares Histriographical Traditions of Gorkha Rule in Nepal and Kumaon
Pradhan , Kumar, 1991, The Gorkha Conquests , Oxford University  Press
Minyan Govrdhan Singh , History of Himachal Pradesh
A.P Coleman, 1999, A Special Corps
Captain Thomas Smith, 1852,Narrative of a Five Years Residence at Nepal Vol.1
Maula Ram/Mola Ram  , Ranbahadurchandrika and Garhrajvanshkavya
J B Fraser , Asiatic Research
Shyam Ganguli, Doon Rediscovered
Minyan Prem Singh, Guldast Tabarikh Koh Tihri Garhwal
Patiram Garhwal , Ancient and Modern
Tara Datt Gairola, Parvtiy Sanskriti
John Premble, Invasion of Nepal
Chitranjan Nepali, Bhimsen Thapa aur Tatkalin Nepal
Sanwal, Nepal and East India Company
Nagendra kr Singh, Refugee to Ruler
Saxena, Historical papers related to Kumaon
Paper Respecting Nepal War by East India Company (papers in Stock)
Basu, Rise of Christian Power in India)
Moti Lal Ghosh, an article in Amrit Bazar Patrika
XXX
History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Sirmour Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Kangara Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Baghat Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Tehri Garhwal, Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Punar Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Uttarkashi Garhwal, Bageshwar Kumaon, Uttarakhand;  Nahan Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Dehradun Garhwal, Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; 
Nepal Itihas, Garhwal Itihas, Kumaon Itihas, Himachal Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha ka Kumaon par  Adhikar Itihas , Gurkha/Gorkha Garhwal par Shasan Itihas Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal;  Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Kumaon, Garhwal Uttarakhand; History Gurkha/Gorkha  Rule in Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal



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Re: Articles By Bhisma Kukreti - श्री भीष्म कुकरेती जी के लेख
« Reply #4458 on: February 06, 2016, 09:00:21 AM »


                  Three Formulas Strategy for Capturing Kumaon

                              History British Campaign for Capturing Kumaon -6

Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -219

             History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -747               
                                         By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Student)

   British officials planned three formulas for easy capturing Kumaon –
1-It was decided that when Captain Hearsay would appoint temporary Rohilla Soldiers Hearsay’s army would reach Garhwal and Sirmour for protecting conquered terrain. By fast capturing Shrinagar and Nahan Nagar (Sirmour) the territory would be under British. By this Central (Garhwal and Himachal) Himalayan People would go against Gurkha . Just by beginning of Shrinagar campaign by Hearsay, it would be easy for Kumaon campaign.
2- Ex Doti King Prithvipati Singh used to live in British asylum. British officials got information that Gurkha/Nepal resident of Doti Hastidal Chauteria was coming to Kumaon with 2000 soldiers for helping his brother Bamshah. It was necessary to engage Chautaria in Doti only. Prithvi Singh advised that 500 British Rohilla soldiers should attack on Doti. Governor General agreed for expenses for sending Rohilla soldiers towards Doti. Governor Genral had opinion that when Bamshah would not get help from Shrinagar Garhwal and Doti , it would be easy for capturing Kumaon.
3- Lieutenant Gardner got responsibility of capturing Kumaon.  Governor General asked Gardner for appointing temporary 1500 Rohilla soldiers.  It was decided to attack on Almora from two sides at a time. The soldiers strength was increased from 1500 to 3000. Adjutant General Fagan sent instruction to Gardner about the actions.

(From writings of Bengal- Past and Present January, Atkinson, Sanwal, Saxsena,  Fraser etc) 
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 6/2/2016
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -748
*** History of Gorkha/Gurkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) to be continued in next chapter
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX                    Reference    
   
Atkinson E.T., 1884, 1886, Gazetteer of Himalayan Districts …
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021 
Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173
B. D. Pande, Kumaon ka Itihas
Balchandra Sharma, Nepal ko Aitihasik Rup Rekha
Chaudhari , Anglo  –Nepalese Relations
Pande, Vasudha , Compares Histriographical Traditions of Gorkha Rule in Nepal and Kumaon
Pradhan , Kumar, 1991, The Gorkha Conquests , Oxford University  Press
Minyan Govrdhan Singh , History of Himachal Pradesh
A.P Coleman, 1999, A Special Corps
Captain Thomas Smith, 1852,Narrative of a Five Years Residence at Nepal Vol.1
Maula Ram/Mola Ram  , Ranbahadurchandrika and Garhrajvanshkavya
J B Fraser , Asiatic Research
Shyam Ganguli, Doon Rediscovered
Minyan Prem Singh, Guldast Tabarikh Koh Tihri Garhwal
Patiram Garhwal , Ancient and Modern
Tara Datt Gairola, Parvtiy Sanskriti
John Premble, Invasion of Nepal
Chitranjan Nepali, Bhimsen Thapa aur Tatkalin Nepal
Sanwal, Nepal and East India Company
Nagendra kr Singh, Refugee to Ruler
Saxena, Historical papers related to Kumaon
Paper Respecting Nepal War by East India Company (papers in Stock)
Basu, Rise of Christian Power in India)
Moti Lal Ghosh, an article in Amrit Bazar Patrika
XXX
History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Sirmour Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Kangara Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Baghat Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Tehri Garhwal, Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Punar Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Uttarkashi Garhwal, Bageshwar Kumaon, Uttarakhand;  Nahan Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Dehradun Garhwal, Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; 
Nepal Itihas, Garhwal Itihas, Kumaon Itihas, Himachal Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha ka Kumaon par  Adhikar Itihas , Gurkha/Gorkha Garhwal par Shasan Itihas Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal;  Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Kumaon, Garhwal Uttarakhand; History Gurkha/Gorkha  Rule in Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal
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Bhishma Kukreti

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Re: Articles By Bhisma Kukreti - श्री भीष्म कुकरेती जी के लेख
« Reply #4459 on: March 06, 2016, 05:30:34 AM »


                               British Appointing Temporary Army

                 History British Campaign for Capturing Kumaon -7

Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -220

             History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -748               
                                         By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Student)

                     British High Command ordered Lieutenant Colonel Gardner for appointing Temporary Army on the ‘Gol’ System of Indian system. In each ‘Gol’, there would be 300 soldiers. Indian Kings used to organize army on ‘Gol’ base. The army commander of ‘Gol’ was called ‘Goldar’. It was custom that the soldiers would bring his weapons, clothing, horse etc. Goldar used to arrange weapons etc if a soldier did not have weapons. Gun powder and food was supplied from ‘Goldar’.
 Gardner organized ‘Gol’ army as under –
Position ------------------Numbers-----------------Salary PM Rs.--------------Total Salary
Sardar/Goldar-----------------1--------------------------80------------------------80
Jamadar-------------------------8--------------------------15-----------------------120
Nishanchi----------------------8---------------------------12------------------------96
Imtiyagi------------------------32--------------------------8-------------------------256
Dafla Jamadar-----------------1---------------------------10-------------------------10
Dafla---------------------------2--------------------------6------------------------------12
Algoza--------------------------2-------------------------6------------------------------12
Ungil------------------------------1------------------------15---------------------------15
Hakim (Jarahi) -------------------1------------------------15---------------------------15
Bhisti------------------------------4-------------------------5-----------------------------20
Sipahi (soldier) -------------------240----------------------6 ---------------------------1440
Grand Total-------------------------300----------------------------------------------------2076
(Saxsena- Histoy Papers of Kumaon)
  One or two Iron smiths were also appointed for repairing various weapons.
Around Rohilkhand, freelancer Rohila soldiers were available for temporary army. Rohilas were not devotee as Hindu soldiers. Freelancer Rohila soldiers used to leave a Kingdom after getting more salary from enemy Kingdom. They were having old types of weapons and were not capable fighting in Hills of Kumaon.
   By January 1815, Gardner appointed 1600 Rohila soldiers. Rohila soldiers appointed by Gurkha commander Bamshah were unaware of Kumaon declaration by British. As soon as they came to know British declaration for Kumaon, Rohila soldiers under Bamshah became upset. 250 Rohila soldiers left Gurkha army and joined British army.

(From writings of Bengal- Past and Present January, Atkinson, Sanwal, Saxsena,  Fraser etc) 
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 6/3/2016
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -749
*** History of Gorkha/Gurkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) to be continued in next chapter
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX                    Reference    
   
Atkinson E.T., 1884, 1886, Gazetteer of Himalayan Districts …
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021 
Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173
B. D. Pande, Kumaon ka Itihas
Balchandra Sharma, Nepal ko Aitihasik Rup Rekha
Chaudhari , Anglo  –Nepalese Relations
Pande, Vasudha , Compares Histriographical Traditions of Gorkha Rule in Nepal and Kumaon
Pradhan , Kumar, 1991, The Gorkha Conquests , Oxford University  Press
Minyan Govrdhan Singh , History of Himachal Pradesh
A.P Coleman, 1999, A Special Corps
Captain Thomas Smith, 1852,Narrative of a Five Years Residence at Nepal Vol.1
Maula Ram/Mola Ram  , Ranbahadurchandrika and Garhrajvanshkavya
J B Fraser , Asiatic Research
Shyam Ganguli, Doon Rediscovered
Minyan Prem Singh, Guldast Tabarikh Koh Tihri Garhwal
Patiram Garhwal , Ancient and Modern
Tara Datt Gairola, Parvtiy Sanskriti
John Premble, Invasion of Nepal
Chitranjan Nepali, Bhimsen Thapa aur Tatkalin Nepal
Sanwal, Nepal and East India Company
Nagendra kr Singh, Refugee to Ruler
Saxena, Historical papers related to Kumaon
Paper Respecting Nepal War by East India Company (papers in Stock)
Basu, Rise of Christian Power in India)
Moti Lal Ghosh, an article in Amrit Bazar Patrika
XXX
History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Sirmour Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Kangara Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Baghat Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Tehri Garhwal, Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Punar Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Uttarkashi Garhwal, Bageshwar Kumaon, Uttarakhand;  Nahan Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Dehradun Garhwal, Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; 
Nepal Itihas, Garhwal Itihas, Kumaon Itihas, Himachal Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha ka Kumaon par  Adhikar Itihas , Gurkha/Gorkha Garhwal par Shasan Itihas Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal;  Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Kumaon, Garhwal Uttarakhand; History Gurkha/Gorkha  Rule in Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal

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