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Bhishma Kukreti:

   British Declaration for Kumaon People

                              British Campaign for Capturing Kumaon -3

Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -216

             History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -744               
                                         By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Student)

                  Johan Adam the Secretary of East India Company sent a ‘Declaration for Kumaunis ‘ along with a letter on 14th December 1814 to Edward Gardner (Moradabad). The declaration was in Persian, Hindustani and English. Adam was asked for translating the ‘Declaration into Kumauni and to be distributed among Kumaunis. There is no Kumauni translation available in English Premutiny Records. In Himalayan Districts vo.l II page 646, Atkinson wrote the transliteration of that declaration as follows –
  British government was watching for many days that Kumaoni people are suffering Gurkha oppressive rule. However, till there were amicable relationship of British with Gurkha, British administration had to have amicable relation with Nepal. British administration had to watch the suppression of Kumaoni People. When Gurkha reached the height of oppression and violence British government had to fight with Gurkha/Nepal and come forward for helping Kumaunis. British Government is eager for freeing Kumaon from oppressive rule of Nepal. British administration sent army to free Kumaon from Gurkha/Nepal rule. Kumaoni people are requested for helping British army. And accept the rule of British Government without any resistance and violence. People could get all rights under British rule and British will protect the wealth and people of Kumaon.
 The above declaration was distributed among Kumaoni. British officers contacted those Kumaunis who were in touch with Rutherford. Harsh Dev Joshi also reached to Kashipur. Harsh Dev Joshi sent letters to influential Kumaoni elites.
           


(From writings of Atkinson, Saxsena,  Fraser etc) 
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 23/1//2016
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -745
*** History of Gorkha/Gurkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) to be continued in next chapter
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX                    Reference
   
Atkinson E.T., 1884, 1886, Gazetteer of Himalayan Districts …
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021 
Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173
B. D. Pande, Kumaon ka Itihas
Balchandra Sharma, Nepal ko Aitihasik Rup Rekha
Chaudhari , Anglo  –Nepalese Relations
Pande, Vasudha , Compares Histriographical Traditions of Gorkha Rule in Nepal and Kumaon
Pradhan , Kumar, 1991, The Gorkha Conquests , Oxford University  Press
Minyan Govrdhan Singh , History of Himachal Pradesh
A.P Coleman, 1999, A Special Corps
Captain Thomas Smith, 1852,Narrative of a Five Years Residence at Nepal Vol.1
Maula Ram/Mola Ram  , Ranbahadurchandrika and Garhrajvanshkavya
J B Fraser , Asiatic Research
Shyam Ganguli, Doon Rediscovered
Minyan Prem Singh, Guldast Tabarikh Koh Tihri Garhwal
Patiram Garhwal , Ancient and Modern
Tara Datt Gairola, Parvtiy Sanskriti
John Premble, Invasion of Nepal
Chitranjan Nepali, Bhimsen Thapa aur Tatkalin Nepal
Sanwal, Nepal and East India Company
Nagendra kr Singh, Refugee to Ruler
Saxena, Historical papers related to Kumaon
Paper Respecting Nepal War by East India Company (papers in Stock)
Basu, Rise of Christian Power in India)
Moti Lal Ghosh, an article in Amrit Bazar Patrika
XXX
History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Sirmour Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Kangara Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Baghat Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Tehri Garhwal, Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Punar Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Uttarkashi Garhwal, Bageshwar Kumaon, Uttarakhand;  Nahan Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Dehradun Garhwal, Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; 
Nepal Itihas, Garhwal Itihas, Kumaon Itihas, Himachal Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha ka Kumaon par  Adhikar Itihas , Gurkha/Gorkha Garhwal par Shasan Itihas Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal;  Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Kumaon, Garhwal Uttarakhand; History Gurkha/Gorkha  Rule in Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal

Bhishma Kukreti:

                                       British Luring Nepal Resident Bamshah

                              British Campaign for Capturing Kumaon -4

Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -217

             History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -745               
                                         By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Student)
 By order of John Adam on 23rd October 1814, Edward Gardner tried to find out whether Kumaon resident Bamshah could come to side of British by deceiving Nepal Government. Gardner was now posted in Moradabad. On that time, in each Indian Kingdom, there were a few Kingdom officers who were ready to come to the side of British and deceive his own Kingdom. Many officers from Bengal, Awadh, and Maratha Kingdoms betrayed, deceived their Kingdoms and came to the side of British.
 British officers were hopeful that Bamshah would betray his Kingdom.
  Gardner sent a faithful and reliable person to Bamshah with a letter in Newari language. The letter stated that if Bamshah wanted to talk with Gardner he could send his thought. That man was in Almora for four days. On night, Bamshah called that person. That reliable person handed over the letter of Gardner to Bamshah. Bamshah read the letter and just said one sentence,” Why so much late?”
Bamshah did not disclose about letter to his aids. Next day, Bamshah handed over a letter in Persian language for Gardner. The letter was about British declaration for Kumaunis.
    Bamshah did not mention anything for coming to the British camp. However, he did not mention about not coming to the British side too. Bamashah did not tell about Gardner’s man meeting hmi.
On 22nd November 1814, Gardner sent separate letters with two reliable Kumaunis for Bamshah. Those two Kumaunis were sent to Almora through different roads.
Edward Gardner wrote letter for Bamshah as follows-
“ As per British government order a few days back, I came here (Moradabad). If you are ready I would like to say something about your benefits. I am sending this reliable hill man to you. If possible you may state your views. Or you may send your aid to me directly. That representative would answer my proposal for you. “
 There was no direct request for Bamshah in the above letter. However, the letter was indicating Bamshah for betrayal.
Bamshah answered, “You are interested about my benefits. I am an obedient employee of Nepal. I wish for friendly relationship between Nepal and British. If you are interested for that proposal I could send a reliable person to you.”
 The above letter is an important letter. Though Bamshah was surrounded by Amar Singh Thapa men in Kumaon but he was not ready for betrayal.
After knowing the letter , John Adam wrote letter to  Gardner,” It is now definite that Bamshah would will not help British for capturing Kumaon.”
 British officers also knew that Bamshah was  appointing Rohilla and Pathan soldiers for future Battle between British and Nepal in Kumaon.
  Even then Gardner was of opinion that Bamshah would help British due to his disagreement with Thapa men in Kumaon. Gardner had opinion that as soon British would attack on Kumaon, Bamshah would join British camp. 


(From writings of Atkinson, Sanwal, Saxsena,  Fraser etc) 
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 24/1//2016
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -746
*** History of Gorkha/Gurkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) to be continued in next chapter
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX                    Reference    
   
Atkinson E.T., 1884, 1886, Gazetteer of Himalayan Districts …
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021 
Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173
B. D. Pande, Kumaon ka Itihas
Balchandra Sharma, Nepal ko Aitihasik Rup Rekha
Chaudhari , Anglo  –Nepalese Relations
Pande, Vasudha , Compares Histriographical Traditions of Gorkha Rule in Nepal and Kumaon
Pradhan , Kumar, 1991, The Gorkha Conquests , Oxford University  Press
Minyan Govrdhan Singh , History of Himachal Pradesh
A.P Coleman, 1999, A Special Corps
Captain Thomas Smith, 1852,Narrative of a Five Years Residence at Nepal Vol.1
Maula Ram/Mola Ram  , Ranbahadurchandrika and Garhrajvanshkavya
J B Fraser , Asiatic Research
Shyam Ganguli, Doon Rediscovered
Minyan Prem Singh, Guldast Tabarikh Koh Tihri Garhwal
Patiram Garhwal , Ancient and Modern
Tara Datt Gairola, Parvtiy Sanskriti
John Premble, Invasion of Nepal
Chitranjan Nepali, Bhimsen Thapa aur Tatkalin Nepal
Sanwal, Nepal and East India Company
Nagendra kr Singh, Refugee to Ruler
Saxena, Historical papers related to Kumaon
Paper Respecting Nepal War by East India Company (papers in Stock)
Basu, Rise of Christian Power in India)
Moti Lal Ghosh, an article in Amrit Bazar Patrika
XXX
History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Sirmour Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Kangara Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Baghat Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Tehri Garhwal, Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Punar Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Uttarkashi Garhwal, Bageshwar Kumaon, Uttarakhand;  Nahan Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Dehradun Garhwal, Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; 
Nepal Itihas, Garhwal Itihas, Kumaon Itihas, Himachal Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha ka Kumaon par  Adhikar Itihas , Gurkha/Gorkha Garhwal par Shasan Itihas Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal;  Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Kumaon, Garhwal Uttarakhand; History Gurkha/Gorkha  Rule in Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal

Bhishma Kukreti:


                                    Appointment of Colonel William Gardner 

                              History British Campaign for Capturing Kumaon -5

Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -218

             History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -746               
                                         By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Student)
   
              Edward Gardner had information that as soon as British army would enter into Kumaon the Kumaon People would revolt against Gurkha/Nepal rulers. Colonel Gardner was aware that it was better to attack before the rebellion sentiments of Kumaunis calm down against Gurkha/Nepal rulers.  When Governor General was visiting north States, Gardner informed his friend Adam that Kumaunis were waiting for British Army.
 The cosine of Edward Gardner was Lieutenant Colonel William Gardner who in 1795, worked with British army under Earl of Mayoral. Hastings was his colleague. William Gardner left British army and joined Holkar Kingdom. In 1804, William deceived Holkar and rejoined British army.  British officials appointed William as head of temporary Cavalry Army .That temporary company was named as Gardner Horses.   William Gardner married Matmurjulunissa Begum (daughter of Ex Nabab of Cambey). Matmurjulunissa Begum was sister of Khanun Jahurulnissa the wife of Hearsay. Both the sisters were adopted daughters of Delhi King Akbar II. Badshah gifted Gardner the Jamaindari of Kasganj.
    Hastings used to promoted old devotee British army Officials. Hastings appointed William Gardner as in charge of Capturing Kumaon from Gurkha/Nepal. Hastings ordered William Gardner for appointing 1500 Pathan and Rohilla soldiers under him.

(From writings of Atkinson, Sanwal, Saxsena,  Fraser etc) 
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 30/1//2016
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -747
*** History of Gorkha/Gurkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) to be continued in next chapter
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX                    Reference    
   
Atkinson E.T., 1884, 1886, Gazetteer of Himalayan Districts …
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021 
Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173
B. D. Pande, Kumaon ka Itihas
Balchandra Sharma, Nepal ko Aitihasik Rup Rekha
Chaudhari , Anglo  –Nepalese Relations
Pande, Vasudha , Compares Histriographical Traditions of Gorkha Rule in Nepal and Kumaon
Pradhan , Kumar, 1991, The Gorkha Conquests , Oxford University  Press
Minyan Govrdhan Singh , History of Himachal Pradesh
A.P Coleman, 1999, A Special Corps
Captain Thomas Smith, 1852,Narrative of a Five Years Residence at Nepal Vol.1
Maula Ram/Mola Ram  , Ranbahadurchandrika and Garhrajvanshkavya
J B Fraser , Asiatic Research
Shyam Ganguli, Doon Rediscovered
Minyan Prem Singh, Guldast Tabarikh Koh Tihri Garhwal
Patiram Garhwal , Ancient and Modern
Tara Datt Gairola, Parvtiy Sanskriti
John Premble, Invasion of Nepal
Chitranjan Nepali, Bhimsen Thapa aur Tatkalin Nepal
Sanwal, Nepal and East India Company
Nagendra kr Singh, Refugee to Ruler
Saxena, Historical papers related to Kumaon
Paper Respecting Nepal War by East India Company (papers in Stock)
Basu, Rise of Christian Power in India)
Moti Lal Ghosh, an article in Amrit Bazar Patrika
XXX
History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Sirmour Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Kangara Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Baghat Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Tehri Garhwal, Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Punar Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Uttarkashi Garhwal, Bageshwar Kumaon, Uttarakhand;  Nahan Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Dehradun Garhwal, Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; 
Nepal Itihas, Garhwal Itihas, Kumaon Itihas, Himachal Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha ka Kumaon par  Adhikar Itihas , Gurkha/Gorkha Garhwal par Shasan Itihas Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal;  Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Kumaon, Garhwal Uttarakhand; History Gurkha/Gorkha  Rule in Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal

Bhishma Kukreti:


                  Three Formulas Strategy for Capturing Kumaon

                              History British Campaign for Capturing Kumaon -6

Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -219

             History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -747               
                                         By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Student)

   British officials planned three formulas for easy capturing Kumaon –
1-It was decided that when Captain Hearsay would appoint temporary Rohilla Soldiers Hearsay’s army would reach Garhwal and Sirmour for protecting conquered terrain. By fast capturing Shrinagar and Nahan Nagar (Sirmour) the territory would be under British. By this Central (Garhwal and Himachal) Himalayan People would go against Gurkha . Just by beginning of Shrinagar campaign by Hearsay, it would be easy for Kumaon campaign.
2- Ex Doti King Prithvipati Singh used to live in British asylum. British officials got information that Gurkha/Nepal resident of Doti Hastidal Chauteria was coming to Kumaon with 2000 soldiers for helping his brother Bamshah. It was necessary to engage Chautaria in Doti only. Prithvi Singh advised that 500 British Rohilla soldiers should attack on Doti. Governor General agreed for expenses for sending Rohilla soldiers towards Doti. Governor Genral had opinion that when Bamshah would not get help from Shrinagar Garhwal and Doti , it would be easy for capturing Kumaon.
3- Lieutenant Gardner got responsibility of capturing Kumaon.  Governor General asked Gardner for appointing temporary 1500 Rohilla soldiers.  It was decided to attack on Almora from two sides at a time. The soldiers strength was increased from 1500 to 3000. Adjutant General Fagan sent instruction to Gardner about the actions.

(From writings of Bengal- Past and Present January, Atkinson, Sanwal, Saxsena,  Fraser etc) 
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 6/2/2016
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -748
*** History of Gorkha/Gurkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) to be continued in next chapter
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX                    Reference    
   
Atkinson E.T., 1884, 1886, Gazetteer of Himalayan Districts …
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021 
Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173
B. D. Pande, Kumaon ka Itihas
Balchandra Sharma, Nepal ko Aitihasik Rup Rekha
Chaudhari , Anglo  –Nepalese Relations
Pande, Vasudha , Compares Histriographical Traditions of Gorkha Rule in Nepal and Kumaon
Pradhan , Kumar, 1991, The Gorkha Conquests , Oxford University  Press
Minyan Govrdhan Singh , History of Himachal Pradesh
A.P Coleman, 1999, A Special Corps
Captain Thomas Smith, 1852,Narrative of a Five Years Residence at Nepal Vol.1
Maula Ram/Mola Ram  , Ranbahadurchandrika and Garhrajvanshkavya
J B Fraser , Asiatic Research
Shyam Ganguli, Doon Rediscovered
Minyan Prem Singh, Guldast Tabarikh Koh Tihri Garhwal
Patiram Garhwal , Ancient and Modern
Tara Datt Gairola, Parvtiy Sanskriti
John Premble, Invasion of Nepal
Chitranjan Nepali, Bhimsen Thapa aur Tatkalin Nepal
Sanwal, Nepal and East India Company
Nagendra kr Singh, Refugee to Ruler
Saxena, Historical papers related to Kumaon
Paper Respecting Nepal War by East India Company (papers in Stock)
Basu, Rise of Christian Power in India)
Moti Lal Ghosh, an article in Amrit Bazar Patrika
XXX
History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Sirmour Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Kangara Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Baghat Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Tehri Garhwal, Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Punar Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Uttarkashi Garhwal, Bageshwar Kumaon, Uttarakhand;  Nahan Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Dehradun Garhwal, Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; 
Nepal Itihas, Garhwal Itihas, Kumaon Itihas, Himachal Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha ka Kumaon par  Adhikar Itihas , Gurkha/Gorkha Garhwal par Shasan Itihas Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal;  Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Kumaon, Garhwal Uttarakhand; History Gurkha/Gorkha  Rule in Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal

Bhishma Kukreti:


                               British Appointing Temporary Army

                 History British Campaign for Capturing Kumaon -7

Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -220

             History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -748               
                                         By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Student)

                     British High Command ordered Lieutenant Colonel Gardner for appointing Temporary Army on the ‘Gol’ System of Indian system. In each ‘Gol’, there would be 300 soldiers. Indian Kings used to organize army on ‘Gol’ base. The army commander of ‘Gol’ was called ‘Goldar’. It was custom that the soldiers would bring his weapons, clothing, horse etc. Goldar used to arrange weapons etc if a soldier did not have weapons. Gun powder and food was supplied from ‘Goldar’.
 Gardner organized ‘Gol’ army as under –
Position ------------------Numbers-----------------Salary PM Rs.--------------Total Salary
Sardar/Goldar-----------------1--------------------------80------------------------80
Jamadar-------------------------8--------------------------15-----------------------120
Nishanchi----------------------8---------------------------12------------------------96
Imtiyagi------------------------32--------------------------8-------------------------256
Dafla Jamadar-----------------1---------------------------10-------------------------10
Dafla---------------------------2--------------------------6------------------------------12
Algoza--------------------------2-------------------------6------------------------------12
Ungil------------------------------1------------------------15---------------------------15
Hakim (Jarahi) -------------------1------------------------15---------------------------15
Bhisti------------------------------4-------------------------5-----------------------------20
Sipahi (soldier) -------------------240----------------------6 ---------------------------1440
Grand Total-------------------------300----------------------------------------------------2076
(Saxsena- Histoy Papers of Kumaon)
  One or two Iron smiths were also appointed for repairing various weapons.
Around Rohilkhand, freelancer Rohila soldiers were available for temporary army. Rohilas were not devotee as Hindu soldiers. Freelancer Rohila soldiers used to leave a Kingdom after getting more salary from enemy Kingdom. They were having old types of weapons and were not capable fighting in Hills of Kumaon.
   By January 1815, Gardner appointed 1600 Rohila soldiers. Rohila soldiers appointed by Gurkha commander Bamshah were unaware of Kumaon declaration by British. As soon as they came to know British declaration for Kumaon, Rohila soldiers under Bamshah became upset. 250 Rohila soldiers left Gurkha army and joined British army.

(From writings of Bengal- Past and Present January, Atkinson, Sanwal, Saxsena,  Fraser etc) 
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 6/3/2016
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -749
*** History of Gorkha/Gurkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) to be continued in next chapter
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX                    Reference    
   
Atkinson E.T., 1884, 1886, Gazetteer of Himalayan Districts …
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021 
Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173
B. D. Pande, Kumaon ka Itihas
Balchandra Sharma, Nepal ko Aitihasik Rup Rekha
Chaudhari , Anglo  –Nepalese Relations
Pande, Vasudha , Compares Histriographical Traditions of Gorkha Rule in Nepal and Kumaon
Pradhan , Kumar, 1991, The Gorkha Conquests , Oxford University  Press
Minyan Govrdhan Singh , History of Himachal Pradesh
A.P Coleman, 1999, A Special Corps
Captain Thomas Smith, 1852,Narrative of a Five Years Residence at Nepal Vol.1
Maula Ram/Mola Ram  , Ranbahadurchandrika and Garhrajvanshkavya
J B Fraser , Asiatic Research
Shyam Ganguli, Doon Rediscovered
Minyan Prem Singh, Guldast Tabarikh Koh Tihri Garhwal
Patiram Garhwal , Ancient and Modern
Tara Datt Gairola, Parvtiy Sanskriti
John Premble, Invasion of Nepal
Chitranjan Nepali, Bhimsen Thapa aur Tatkalin Nepal
Sanwal, Nepal and East India Company
Nagendra kr Singh, Refugee to Ruler
Saxena, Historical papers related to Kumaon
Paper Respecting Nepal War by East India Company (papers in Stock)
Basu, Rise of Christian Power in India)
Moti Lal Ghosh, an article in Amrit Bazar Patrika
XXX
History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Sirmour Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Kangara Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Baghat Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Tehri Garhwal, Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Punar Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Uttarkashi Garhwal, Bageshwar Kumaon, Uttarakhand;  Nahan Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Dehradun Garhwal, Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; 
Nepal Itihas, Garhwal Itihas, Kumaon Itihas, Himachal Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha ka Kumaon par  Adhikar Itihas , Gurkha/Gorkha Garhwal par Shasan Itihas Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal;  Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Kumaon, Garhwal Uttarakhand; History Gurkha/Gorkha  Rule in Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal

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