MeraPahad Community Of Uttarakhand Lovers

             Land Management and Land Ownership in British Period -2
 -   
          British Administration in Garhwal   -7         
       -
History of British Rule/Administration over Kumaun and Garhwal (1815-1947) -23
            History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -861
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                              By: Bhishma Kukreti (History Student)

      In his first land settlement, Trail decided Farukhabadi Rs. 37614 for collecting tax from Garhwal division. British government could collect tax for Rs 35990/-.  Other estimated collection was as follows-
Chungi /Toll tax—5000/
Excise on alcoholic drinks etc from Shrinagar – 90/-
Excise on hemp- 275/-
Stamp on coins in Mints- 100/-
River crossing – 35/-
Mujari/ commercial or professional tax- 30/-
   Later on, Trail cancelled professional tax ( Dever  page 450)
   In second land settlement, Trail decided Rs.41782 against previous tax collectable for Rs. 37614 a 10 % rise. The amount Rs.41782 was divided among villages of respective Pattis (Pauri settlement page 57).
  Gram Padhan used to calculate tax on farmers of his area or villages. If any farmer used to rise question or do not pay, Padhan used to add that amount on all other farmers.  Records were kept for all farmers. It was common that land used to wash away in land slides or floods. Most of the time, the farmers used to apply for deduction in taxable land. In such case, Gram Padhan and other elite villagers used to decide about land under taxation. No written statements were kept for such cases Pauri settlement page 55).
   Atkinson stated that in second land settlement, Trail did agreement with Padhan directly barring Nagpur. However, the Sayanas  Seela, Lobha and a couple of Pargana were successful in doing agreement of their sons and relatives as Padhan with British government and could successful in making villagers as Khaikar.
    The new settlement was new for Garhwal region and was done for a year (1816-1817). The new system opened a new door for Padhan freeing from the slavery of Sayana or Thokdar. In the enw patta-Kaul , Malgujar word for Jagirdar and taluka word for pargana were used.Dabral)
 



Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 26/7/2016
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -862
*** History of British Rule/Administration over Kumaun, (Pauri, Rudraprayag, and Chamoli) Garhwal (1815-1947) to be continued in next chapter
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX   
References   
 1-Shiv Prasad Dabral ‘Charan’, Uttarakhand ka Itihas, Part -7 Garhwal par British -Shasan, part -1, page 154-155
2-Devar, English Pre Mutiny Records, page 462
 

      Xx
History of British Rule, Administration, Policies, Revenue system,  over Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies Revenue system  over Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies ,Revenue system  over Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies ,Revenue system  over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies ,Revenue system  over Dehradun , Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies, ,Revenue system  over Bageshwar  Kumaon, Uttarakhand;
History of British Rule, Administration, Policies, Revenue system over Haridwar, Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand;

        माल्टौ डाळु अर अफखौ मनिख
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 गढवाली  कहानी-महेशा नंद
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फरस्वा सग्वड़म् छौ एक माल्टौ डाळु। वे फर लग्दा छा छकंण्य रसबसा माल्टा। पंणि जन्नि माल्टा खांण जुगा हूंदा त बांदर सौब माल्टौं थैं दमळै दींदा छा। बांदर माल्टा खांदा अर पाछ फरसु थैं लिकै बि जांदा। फरसू , वे कS नौना अर नाति-नतिंणौं थैं नै-नवांण कनू खुंणै बि एक सोळि माल्टै चखंणू नि मीली। फरसु थैं भिंग्रि चौढ़ि ग्येनि---"यारु, अमंणि मिन यु डाळ्वी डिंडै दींण। तब खंया बंदरु तुम माल्टा।"
वेन उठै द्या कुलSड़ु। जन्नि वेन माल्टा डाळा गेळ फर कुलSड़ि मप्या कि तबSरि रंणु ब्वाडा ऐग्या वुक्खुम्। वेन फरसू खुंणै बोलि-- "किलै ढळकांणै भुला स्यु डाळु ? स्यन्न नि कैर।"
"दिदा, यु म्यरु डाळु च। मि ये थैं गिंड़ौ चा करकौं, तुम कु हुंद्या ट्वकंण वळा ?" रंणु खप्प खौळ्ये ग्या।
तत्रि जुग भरि अगळति ह्वे ग्या। माल्टौ डाळु मनिखा भौ मा सैंदिस्ट फरस्वा संमणि तड़तुड़ु ह्वेकि ब्वन्न बैठि--- "तुम इन कन बोलि सकद्यां कि माल्टौ डाळु तुमSरु च ? माल्टौ डाळू न माल्टौ च, न तुमSरु, यु डाळु त सैरि मुंथौ च। हे मनिख ! भरि निखर्त ध्यौ छन त्यारा। तु मै थैं इन बथौ कि मनिख अपखौ किलै हूंद ? मनिख ब्वाद---- यु म्यारु कूढ़ू, यु पुंगड़ू, यु म्यारु सग्वड़ू, यु म्यारु जाSर-जख्यरू, यु म्यारु नौनू, यु म्यारु नाती, अपड़ा कूढ़ा पेट तुम अफी-अफ रंद्या, कै हैकS थैं एक बेळि बि नि संद्या। अपड़ा पुंगड़ा अर सग्वड़ा मंगैं घासै डैळि तका कै नि कटंण दिंद्या। चुचौं तुम अपड़्वी-अपड़ु किलै ब्वाद्यां ? कै दां हैंकौ बि त ब्वाला। जन मि ब्वादु--- म्यारु छैल, हैंकौ खुंणै। म्यारा फल-फूल-- हैंकौ खुंणै। म्यरि बास हैंकौ खुंणै। म्यारु बथौं-- हैंकौ खुंणै। म्यारा जलुड़ौं बटि छिज्यूं पांणि हैंकौ खुंणै। म्यारा झड़्यां पत्ता, सुख्यां क्याड़ा अर बकि त फुंड फूका, म्यारा मुना पाछ बि म्यरु सुख्यूं लखड़ु बि हैंकौ खुंणै हूंद। तौबि मि कै फर नि पित्येंदु। म्यारा फल सब्यूं खुंणै छन। अब चा क्वी बांदर खौ, चा क्वी मनिख, मै फर क्वी अंच-खंच नि आंद। ल्या, या च म्यरि गत, तुम मै थैं करका चा गिंडा, मिन कक्खि FIR नि लिखांण।"
फरस्वा हत बटि कुलSड़ु छट्ट छुटि ग्या। वेन माल्टा डाळौ हत जोड़ी बोलि--- "मि अफखौ मनिख छौं। मि त्वे जन सगंढ सरेलौ नि छौं--- जु हैंकौ खुंणै जलम ल्हींद।"
सर्वाधिकार  @ महेशा नंद
Let Us Celebrate Hundredth Year of Modern Garhwali   Stories!

             Third Land Settlement in Garhwal   
          British Administration in Garhwal   -8         
       -
History of British Rule/Administration over Kumaun and Garhwal (1815-1947) -24
            History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -862
-
                              By: Bhishma Kukreti (History Student)
               British movement got satisfactory results from second land settlement with Padhan of Garhwal.  Padhan deposited revenue in time in Tehsil. Therefore, there was third agreement between British Government /Company and Padhans of Garhwal for 1817-1818, 1819-1820 (Collection of Vishnu Singh Gorla Rawat, Himtu File)). In this agreement, Padhans are asked to deposit tax of three years in four installments –
 (वृताकार मुहर उपर उर्दू में नीचे हिंदी में जारज विलियम तिरियल बहादुर १८१६ )
“कौलकरार पट्टा हीमतु नाम मालगुजार जीले गढ़वाल प्रगन्ना गुजडू मध्ये मौजे पसोली मल्ली के (I) जो तुमनै दर्खास वर्ष ३ बकरार ३ साल तमाम सम्वत १८७४ सन्न १२२५ फसली लगायोत साल ७६ सन्न १२२७ फसली बाबत फसली खरीफ व रवि के साथ जमा रुपैअं २४०IIसिके कल्दार फर्काबाद के सिवाय रकम सायर आफकरी  भंग गांजा अत्तर अफीम पोस्त भट्टी खेराड धर्मार्थ मिलक बाग़ बगिरे खैरात विष्णुप्रीत ब्रह्महोत्र वगैह्रन बाहिक बिना स्वाफत वे तक्रा (र ) हजूर मौ गुजरानी (I) ईस वास्ते वसर्त मजूर .. साहिवान , सदर के पट्टा तुमको दिया  जाता है की ईजारा ३ साल तमाम  ... व्ही गाऊँ वमुजीम लिखे हुवे दर्खास के रुपैयें विनाह कैदमी के मुकर ठराई दिया (I) माफम कीस्तौं के रुपयें सर्कार के  तहसीलदार के पास पहुंचाने के दाखला लेते रहोगे और रयत कौं अपनी भलमानसी सै रखकर दीन प्रदीन अवादी रयत की और चैन चलन खेती का कर्ते रहोगे (I) और अस्मानी फर्मानी अमल गौर्खौं मौ जारी था अब अमलदारी सर्कार कम्पनी बहादुर  के मैं मने है (I) किसी तरह से येक दाम रयत के सै न लेना (I) जुलम बेवाजबी के से  न करना (I)
-------------- तपसिल ---
साल ७४ के ८३ II ------------- साल ७५ के ८३ II ---- ----साल ७४ के ८३ II
कुवार     २१   --------------- कुवार     २१--------------  कुवार     २१ 
अघन      २१ --------------- अघन      २१ ------------- अघन      २१
मघि    २१ ------------ -----मघि    २१--------------------------- मघि    २१
वैशाख  २० II-----------  वैशाख २० II----------------------------- वैशाख  २० II
( Vishnu Singh Rawat file about Parsoli file with Shiv Prasad Dabral)

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 27/7/2016
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -863
*** History of British Rule/Administration over Kumaun, (Pauri, Rudraprayag, and Chamoli) Garhwal (1815-1947) to be continued in next chapter
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX   
References   
 1-Shiv Prasad Dabral ‘Charan’, Uttarakhand ka Itihas, Part -7 Garhwal par British -Shasan, part -1, page 155-156
2-Devar, English Pre Mutiny Records, page 462
 

      Xx
History of British Rule, Administration, Policies, Revenue system,  over Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies Revenue system  over Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies ,Revenue system  over Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies ,Revenue system  over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies ,Revenue system  over Dehradun , Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies, ,Revenue system  over Bageshwar  Kumaon, Uttarakhand;
History of British Rule, Administration, Policies, Revenue system over Haridwar, Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand;

Modern Garhwali Folk Songs, Poems

- अपणा सबि परदेसी ह्वे गिन  (गढ़वाली कविता )

रचना --   नवीन डबराल  ( जन्म  ,  Timli , Dabralsyun गढ़वाल  )
Poetry  by - Navin Dabral
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( गढ़वाली कविता  खला -  )
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इंटरनेट प्रस्तुति और व्याख्या : भीष्म कुकरेती
-
अपणा सबि परदेशी व्हेई  गिंन
परदेशी सबि विदेशी व्हेई  गिण
जाणां का बाटा चौड़ा व्हेई गिण
लौटणु कू ज्युकुड़ी तं संकुड़ी व्हेई गिण

गौं सबि सैर चली गिण
स्यारा सबि बाँझा पड़ी गिण
हम तं न देशी बणी सक्यां
न बिदेश जै सक्यां
अबैत अपणु गौं बिदेश च
वख बी जाणु सुपिनो व्हेई गी

रिबड़ी गया बाटा
कखि हौर पौंची गया
कैंन पछाँणन हमतै
खुद अपणी पछ्याण बिसरि गया

खुदेडू गीत सुरक्या ऐगि हमारा धोरा
कंदूड़्यु का बाटा जिकडयूं चली गए
पुरणी याद ताजा व्हैगी
याद ऐगिन सबि अपणा पुराणा
हमतै हमारू गौं मिलिगे
सनातन खुशियों दगडी
हमरि ज्यूकड़ियूं मां                                 

लिखारदु  ..............२७ जुलाई २०१६         
नवीन डबराल          वड़ोदरा


Poetry Copyright@ Poet
Copyright @ Bhishma Kukreti  interpretation if any
 
Modern Garhwali Folk Songs, Modern Garhwali Folk Verses, Modern Poetries, Poems Contemporary Poetries, Contemporary folk Poetries from Garhwal; Modern Garhwali Folk Songs,Poems  Modern Garhwali Folk Verses, Modern Poetries, Contemporary Poetries, Contemporary folk Poetries Poems  from Pauri Garhwal; Modern Garhwali Folk Songs, Modern Garhwali Folk Verses, Poems , Modern Poetries, Contemporary Poetries, Contemporary folk Poetries from Chamoli Garhwal; Modern Garhwali Folk Songs, Modern Garhwali Folk Verses, Poems, Modern Poetries, Contemporary Poetries, Poems folk Poetries from Rudraprayag Garhwal; Modern Garhwali Folk Songs, Modern Garhwali Folk Verses, Modern Poetries, Contemporary Poetries, Contemporary folk Poetries from Tehri Garhwal; Poems, Modern Garhwali Folk Songs, Modern Garhwali Folk Verses, Modern Poetries, Contemporary Poetries, Contemporary Folk Poetries from Uttarkashi Garhwal; Modern Garhwali Folk Songs, Modern Garhwali Folk Verses, Poems, Modern Poetries,Poems, Contemporary Poetries, Contemporary folk Poetries Poems from Dehradun Garhwal;
पौड़ी गढ़वाल, उत्तराखंड  से गढ़वाली लोकगीत , कविता ; चमोली  गढ़वाल, उत्तराखंड  से गढ़वाली लोकगीत , कविता ; रुद्रप्रयाग गढ़वाल, उत्तराखंड  से गढ़वाली लोकगीत , कविता ;टिहरी गढ़वाल, उत्तराखंड  से गढ़वाली लोकगीत , कविता ;उत्तरकाशी गढ़वाल, उत्तराखंड  से गढ़वाली लोकगीत , कविता ; देहरादून गढ़वाल, उत्तराखंड  से गढ़वाली लोकगीत , कविता ; 
  स्वच्छ भारत , स्वच्छ भारत ,  धनवान  गढ़वाल

Bwari: A Most Distinguished Humorous Poem of Asia
                        ब्वारी :  महाकवि कन्हैया लाल डंडरियाल रचित कालजयी हास्य कविता
Critical and Chronological History of Modern Garhwali (Asian) Poetry –-60
                    Literature Historian:  Bhishma Kukreti


                           Humour is defined by various philosophies and literature critics. In modern time , the psychologists have been  busy in carrying out  various researches to find out the cause and effect  of humor creation by various medium. For example Ritter et all (1974) found humor explanation from philosophical lexicon of German language and stated that humor is used in every language for all laughter phenomenon, occurrences, experiences etc.
        Humor is recorded in many old texts of all civilizations available with us as in Greek (Ruch, 2007), Egyptian  old manuscripts, old Sanskrit literature .In a Sanskrit classic, Natty Shashtra, Bharat explains to use of humor in poetry and drama. Ritter (1974) detailed psychology of humor according to age and in context of Europe and stated that since 1565, humors were  used to described unstable behavior or mood, negative or positive mood states as bad humor or good humor .. Roeckelein (2002) and Ruch (2004) stated that by beginning of 17th century in Europe, good humor  or positive mood making humor referred to temperament/disposition trait or habit.
                      The research scholar of University of Fribourg, Andrea C. Samson describes that humor has two system. First is from aesthetic view where humour designates only one element of comic and is distinguished fro other wit or ridicule. Notable, in this theory the base of humor  is sympathy  and is benevolent.
According to Andrea, the other system describes humor is used as Umbrella term for all funny happening s, events or phenomenon. Usually, currently humor is recognized as
1- Playful recognition, enjoyment or and creation of incongruity 
2-A composed, tranquil view on adversity and creates good mood or is positive.
3-   Capability of others smiling and or laughing
Ruch (2004, 2007 ) stated that here, humor is treated as neutral term and is not restricted to positive meaning.
Suls (1972) assumed that there are two stages in humor process that first the incongruity or absurdity is detected and then and then it has to  be resolved which is similar to a problem solving solution. While, psychoanalysts as Attardo , Koulson, Kutas assumed three stages of humor process- 1- Encoding 2-Detection of Absurdness or incongruity 3-Incongruity resolution (problem solution) . It is definite that each stage may overlap on each other.
           From non sense humor point of view, McGhee (19900 assumed three types of nonsense humor
1-The punch line may not provide resolution at all
2- Provide a partial resolution
3-Actuality creates new absurdness
McGhee assumes that in nonsense humor, the resolving information creates the impression of making sense out of the absurdness actually without doing so.
    Rothbart and Pien (1977) suggested  to differentiate between possible and impossible incongruities and in between complete and incomplete resolution
A-Impossible absurdness or incongruity are the elements which are unexpected , not guessed and are also impossible given one’s present knowledge of the world or within the audience’s current society
B- Possible Absurdness elements are which are unexpected but there is complete or mere possibility of there being here or somewhere.
C-Complete Resolution is the initial absurdness or incongruity follows completely from resolution information or informing medium
D- Incomplete Resolution is the initial absurdness or incongruity follows from resolution information in the same manner but is not made completely meaningful due to the reason that the real situation is impossible
     Due to lack of valid psychological researches , there are many general theories of humour too as the theory of Semantic Script Theory of Humor by  Raskin and General Theory of Verbal Humor (GTVH) by  Attardo and Raskin . from literature point of view the vocabulary of GTVH is very interesting as
1- Language (LA): According to them , the language is verbalization of the text word, choice, placement of functional elements etc. The example of LA are punning and position of punching line
2-Nnarrative Strategy : The narrative strategy is narrative structure of humour or genre . The examples of Narrative strategy are narration, riddles, question –answers dialogues.
3- Situation: The situation in GTVH is the situational embedding jokes, characters, activities, objects, setting etc. The examples are Doctor’s jokes and jokes about blondes .
4- Target : The Target in GTVH  is that often humor aims at (social) stereotype as ‘butts and example is Austrians and  Scott etc
5- Script Opposition: From the view of GTVH, the script opposition is the central requirement for the generation of humorous effect due to opposition as good verses bad or possible verses impossible .
6- Logical mechanism: The logical mechanism from the GTVH angle is cognitive operation needed to achieve resolution (partial) by incongruity or absurdness as - juxtaposition , false analogy, figure ground reversal.
 
                           Bwari : a Great Asian  Poem by Dandriyal
                          When the reader will study the following poem of  Great Poet (Mahakavi) Kanhayalal Dandriyal, they will find that the blending of Hindi phrases with Garhwali phrases, the language ( Words used in this poem) , the narration, the specific words, happenings against the expectation or against customary wisdom , the wholeness of poem , script, and logical mechanism created by various figures of speeches make this poem a great Poem of Asian Literature . The great poet also did experiment with form .
                                          ब्वारी
                      (  महाकवि कन्हैया लाल डंडरियाल रचित कालजयी हास्य कविता )
                       भाई जी ने मैखुणि  कि ब्वारी क्या खुज्याई है
                                             कपाळी हुंच्याई  है मेरी थुंथरी थिचाई है
                        अफ्फु को त भात , मैकू झंगोरा पकाती है
                                              मेरा बांठा  बाडिम वा दबळी बि नही चलाती है
                            मैंने माँगा मांड उसने आंखी भ्वंराई  हैं
                                                  गालुन्द मेरा  बंसतुळी से  परछोणी खल्याई है
                         की मैंने कम्पलेंट भाई जी के पास में
                                                   ही मेरी पेशी झट  बौऊ के इजलास में
                         भौत गन्ग्जाये हम अपणी सफाई में
                                                   हार गए केस कोई मिली नहीं गवाही है
                          चचराने  लगी वह मैंने खा शट अप
                                                 बिलकी चट शांक्युं फर ह्वेगे मैकू टपटप
                           खैंची मैंने भिटुलि , उसने चुप्पा झम्मडाई है
                                                  पड़ी गे ऐड़ाट  मेरो , वह भि डगड्याइ है
                          चढी तब  नडाक मुझे , बौंळी  चट बिटाई है
                                                  करता हूं मै सळपट तैने क्या चिताई है
                          बर्बराई  चट , वा , उसने मुछ्याळी उठाई है
                                               भागे लुकणो वैबरी तिखन्डी खुज्याई है 

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