MeraPahad Community Of Uttarakhand Lovers

Garhwali, Kumaoni, Himalaya Literature
Ishwari Datt Juyal ‘Sharma’ :A Satiric and Humorous  Garhwali Playwright
                                                                          Bhishma Kukreti
 Ishwari Datt Juyal “ Sharma’ is famous for his satiric and humorous Garhwali drama and uniting emigrant Uttarakhandis in Karachi now, in Pakistan.
   Ishwari Datt Juyal ‘ Sharma’ was born in a Himalayan village Khetu, Patti Khatli, British Garhwal (Pauri Garhwal) in 1895.
After passing high school , he joined Indian railway services in Karachi now, in Pakistan. Ishwari Datt Juyal took keen interest in organizing emigrant Garhwalis, Uttarakhandis in Karachi and arranging cultural shows regularly in Karachi. Ishwari Datt used to participate in many conferences and mini meetings of emigrant Uttarakhandis of Karachi for knowing and solving the problems being faced by migrated Uttarakhandis in Karachi.
  His interest in social problems and social causes. Inspired him to write articles in Garhwali and Hindi about many social issues of Garhwali, Himalaya..

 Ishwari Datt Juyal ’ Sharma’ published a Garhwali, Mid  Himalayan play  ‘Parivartan’.  Ishwari Datt and many social organizations staged ‘Parivartan ‘ many times. Every time, audiences accepted this play because the dialogues are hilarious, humorous, and with lot of wit and satire. No doubt, the subject of play is social but crisped  script, characterization of  characters, daily use dialogues, blending of Hindi sentences with  Garhwali language made this play the darling of audience.
After partition . Ishwari Datt had to shift from Karachi to Saharanpur . Unfortunately, his writing in Garhwali, Himalayan langue was lost in shifting  from Karachi.
Ishwari Datt Juyal ‘Sharma’ expired 18th April, 1969 in Saharpur.
Copyright @ Bhishma Kukreti, Mumbai, India, 2009

Garhwali, Kumaoni, Himalayan Literature
Dr. Purushottam Dobhal: A Garhwali Playwright
                          Bhishma Kukreti
 Dr Purushottam Dobhal was expert in writing in Garhwali, Sanskrit , English and Hindi. In Garhwali, he is famous for writing dramas of social concern . Dobhal was educationist, a social activist and also work for opening many schools.
 Dr Purushotaam Dobhal was born in 1920, in a Himalayan village Musmola of Tihri Garhwal. He passed Acharya degree in distinction that is with gold medalist. He served in many colleges . He was  Ph D in Sanskrit language
Purushottam  Dobhal won the first prize in World Sanskrit Short Story Competition in 1953-54. In Sanskrit , he wrote dramas and published three books of drama and collection of dramas.
He used to contribute for many English magazines.
Dobhal He wrote dramas in Hindi and short stories in this language .
 Dr Purushottam Dobhal  wrote many plays in Garhwali language
His dramas Bindra Kuansa, Burans, Kantha Mankai Jone, Tillu Rautelee , Kalpana, Suber and Fajitu in Garhwali language are famous plays . These plays were staged many times at different cities. Dobhal also delivered many radio-plays in Garhwali from Akashvani
 The subject of plays of Purushottam Dobhal are mainly related to social and contemporary issues.
The Tillu Rauteli play is based on famous folklores of Garhwal, Himalayas.
 His dialogues in Garhwali plays are simple but are influenced by Sanskrit but Sanskritized Garhwali dialogues do not become hurdle but support the characterization in the plays. Twist in the tale, reality make his play attractive to the audience.
Dr Purushottam Dobhal expired in 2003 in Dehradun, Himalaya.
Copyright @ Bhishma Kukreti, Mumbai, India, 2009

Garhwali, Kumaoni, Himalayan literature
 Sadanand Kukreti: One of the Greatest Story Writers of World Literature and the Father of  Modern Garhwali Prose
                                                                 Bhishma Kukreti
    Sant Sadanand Kukreti was called ‘Sampadak ji’  (Editor) in Dhangu, Gangasalan of Pauri Himalaya  and his contemporary literature used to call him  ‘Sant’. Sadanand Kukreti .Sadanand Kukreti is the first ever great personality of Himalaya who initiated writing the    story in Garhwali language one of the oldest and prominent languages of Himalaya . The satiric third person description,  story telling style and narration of Sadanand Kukreti is unique and his story ‘ Garhwali That’ puts him in the position of among Top Most Story Writers  of world literature of any time .
The contribution of Sadanand in Garhwali language story literature is as equal as Oliver Goldsmith, Samuel Charles Dickson, Willkie Collins, in English literature; Christian Gellert, Jacob Grimm, Wilhelm Grimm, E. T. A . Hoffmann in Garman language story world; , Gottfried Keller, Charles Parrault, Jean de La Fontaine, Honore De Baizac, Prosper Merimee of French language literature; Niccolo Machiavelli,  Giovanbattista Giraldi Cintholio, in Italian language;  Gustavo Adolfo Becquer, Leopold Alas in Spanish story segment; Mori Ogwai , Shimazaki Toson of Japanese langue; Eduard Douwes Dekker Herman Heijermans of Dutch language; Maurus Jokai , kalman Mikszath of Hungarian story literature; Nikolai Gogol, Pushkin, Ivan Turgenew, Leo Tolstoy of Russian language; Henyk Sienkiewicz , Boleslav Prus of Polish language; Meyer Aron Goldschmidt, Jens Peter Jacobson of Denmark; Jorgen Moe, Peter Asjornsen, Bjornstjerne Bjornson of Norway; August Strindeberg, Selma Lagerlof of Sweden; Charles De Coster, Maurice Maeterlinck of Belgium; Antun G Matos of Yugoslavia; Laza Lazarevich of Serbian language; Svatopluck Cech of Czechoslovakia ;  Deetrios Bikelas of Greece; I.L Caragiale , Marie Roumania of Romania language; Dimitr Ivanov of Bulgaria; Ricardo Fernandez-Garcia, of Soth America;  J.M. Machado de Assis, of Brazil;  Ventua Garcia Calderon of Peru; Rufino Blanco-Fombona of Venezuela; Washington Irving, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Edgar Poe, Mark Twain, Hennery James  of United states of America; Bhartendu Harishchandra and prem Chand of Hindi language who initiated  modernizing the story writing style, advanced the story writing art in their own  respective languages or they were pioneers of modern story telling of their languages literature
 Sadanand Kukreti was born in Gweel-Jaspur a twin village of  Malla Dhangu of Pauri Garhwal , Himalaya on 7th March 1886. His father Baladatt Kukreti was accountant an in Public works division of British Garhwal ( today’s Pauri and Chamoli Garhwal ) . Sadanand Kukreti studied up to high School in Pauri city.  After completing high School , Sadanand worked I Tihri riyasat as assistant to Tahsildar Thakur Jodh Singh Rawat . However, after a few years later due to conflict with Thakur Jodh Singh , Sadanand Kukreti left the job and started publishing and editing Vishal Kriti in February 1913  in Pauri.
 Sadanand Kukreti wrote many articles against the Deputy Collector and British government . Due to sharp criticism of British Government and its officials in  Vishal Kirti , british government accused Sadanand Kukreti as Congress man and a n anti nation element. Due to harassment by  of British government, Sadanand Kukreti  close down Vishal Kirti in December 1915. Sadanand Kukreti used to publish stories and articles in Garhwali language in Vishal Kirti
  Sadanand joined a missionary school as teacher in Chalisain , Langur , Gangasalan .  Sadanand Kukreti found that undercover of schooling the priest Peter  and Christian teachers were converting innocent villagers into Christians. By wrong doings of missionary management in  Chailusain missionary school, Sadanand Kukreti met the prominent people of the area Dhangu and requested them to open a school . The villagers of Kandi, Jaspur, Gweel , Bareth, Jalli , Saud supported his cause and helped to build the school building. The Rashtriya Vidyapeeth formally was open on 2nd April, 1926 in Silogi, Malla Dhangu.  On the first day of formal opening of school, there were three teachers including Sadanand , Sher Singh Rawat of Timli of Khatsyun  and Hari Prasad Uniyal of Jaltha (Dabralsyun) to teach the students. This school became a medium of education children of Dhangu, Udaipur, Langur and Dabralsyun for many decades . Sadanand Kukreti is called the Mahmana Madmohan Malviya of Gangasalan.

In Garhwali language literature, Sadanand Kukreti is called father of modern Garhwali story. The Garhwali literature historian and critic Abodh Bandhu Augean (1975) writes about him that his story ‘ Garhwali Thath’  was published in 1913 in Vishal Kirti and Kukreti published many stories in Garhwali language and also wrote articles in Garhwali.
The profound Hindi story writer Ramaprasad Ghildiyal (1953) said that the stories of Sadanand Kukreti as ‘Garhwali Thath ‘and ‘ Gundurun Kaunka Bhitar swala Pakwad’ are one of the greatest stories of world language of any time.  Bahuguna writes that in reality, the modern Garhwali prose started by writings of Sadanand Kukreti in 1913 onwards.  Great Garhwali personalities as Lalita Prasad Naithani, Mukandi Lal Barrister, Bhakta Darshan  (ex central Minister central government New Delhi), Hariram Jakhmola (refrerence-3) a great teacher of his time, praised Sadanand Kukreti for his style of Garhwali prose. Bahuguna and Pahadi said that his style of writing Garhwali prose was not found even in Hindi of that time and they remarked that even they could not find any prose makers of any Indian languages of that time who could write such marvelously  as Sadanand wrote  Garhwali prose.
   This author also supports comments of Ghildiyal and Bahuguna and others that the prose of Sadanand was of unique style and no Indian writers of his time (1913-1936) could compete his brilliancy in story telling, his craftsmanship in using sentences, characterization of each characters of the story, the tone of story, flow of the story, description of the scenes, use of proverbs and figure of speeches, contemporariness etc. Sadanand Kukreti is famous for his wit , satire , criticizing the bad habits of individuals as laziness of an woman, exaggerating social nonsense and making fun of those nonsense. His satire is horatian and many times ,it is  juvenilia too . It seems humour comes out from the heart of Sadanand Kukreti. Sadanand Kukreti was capable in describing scene as easy as any greatest writer can depict the scene,
The work of Sadanand could be put with humorous and satire story tellers as  Joel
Chandler Harris, Mark Twain, David Ross Locke, Washington Irving, Caroline Matilda Stansbury Kirkland  Edward Everett Hale, William Sydney Porter "O. Henry", George Randolph Chester , William James Lampton etc.
  The blending of humour, satire, abhorrence, is the exclusivity of Sadanand Kukreti
 Since, Sadanand Kukreti had to busy in building the school and arranging the funds for running the junior school at Silogi, Sadanand could not be the preponderant  story or prose writer but whatever Sadanand Kukreti wrote that is enough to position him one of the greatest story teller of world literature.
One of the greatest story writers of world literature  and the father of modern Garhwali prose expired in 1936 in Dehradun
Reference:
1-Bahuguna, Abodh Bandhu, 1975, Gadmatyeki Ganga, Alaknanda Prakashan , New Delhi, India, pp37-38
2- Ghildiyal, Ramaprasad , 1953, Pahadi Sahitya ka Jatiya Roop,Himachal Saptahik, Muni ki Reti,  26th January, 1953
3- Sant Sadanand Smiriti Granth, edited by Hari Prasad Kukreti in 1984, Silogi , Pauri Garhwal
Copyright @ Bhishma Kukreti, Mumbai, India, 2009

Garhwali, Kumaoni, Himalayan Literature
Vishalmani Upadhyaya ‘ Sharma’ : A Religious Garhwali Playwright  and Publisher
                                                      Bhishma Kukreti
 Vishalmani Upadhyaya ‘ Sharma’ will always be remembered for publishing his eighteen books and other twenty eight books of other writers related to Garhwal, Uttarakhand , Himalayas from his publishing house ‘ Vishal karyalaya‘. In Garhwali literature, Garhwalis  remember him for his religious  drama and essays.
  Vishalmani Upadhyaya was born in a remote Himalayan village Ghagora, patti- Kalifat of Chamoli Garhwal in 1896. Vitamin Upadhyaya established a publishing house in Narayankoti, near Guptkashi of Himalayan region.  He published forty one books related to Garhwal, Himalayas from his publishing house and ‘ Kanakvansh MahaKavyam ‘ of Achaarya bal Krishna Bhatt and ‘ Uttarakhand Yatra Darshan ‘ by profound historian Dr Shiv Prasad Dabral are famous and well read books of this publishing house.
 Vishalmani Upadhyaya ‘ Sharma’ wrote and published two Garhwali language plays - ‘ Shrikrishna ‘ and Bhakta Dhruva Balak’  in 1955. Both the religious dramas are of great importance for advancing the growth of Garhwali prose art . The dialogues are having the influence of “Jagar’ style that is lyrical effects on the dialogues in both the dramas.

Vishalmani Upadhyaya Sharma died on 31 st January  1976 in Narayankoti
Copyright @ Bhishma Kukreti, Mumbai, India 2009

Garhwali, Kumaoni, Himalayan Literature
Dr Mahaveer Prasad Gairola : A Versatile Prose Maker and Poet of Garhwali Language
                                           Bhishma Kukreti
The contribution of  Dr Mahaveer Prasad Gairola in Garhwali, Himalayan literature is for many fields. Dr Gairola wrote novel, stories, essays, published interviews , wrote commentaries , edited magazines, and is sculpture artist too. His Garhwali literature has the forte  is writing in Tiryali dialect and philosophical ending.
  Dr Mahaveer Prasad Gairola was born in  Sateshwar muhalla of Tihri town, Tihri  Garhwal Himalaya on 21st April, 1922.
 After passing B.A from Lahore , Dr Gairola shifted to Allahabad and he passed M.A and LLB from Allahabad University. He got PhD honor from  Ruhelkhand University.
    At the age of 82, Mahaveer Prasad Gairola got Doctor of Literature (D.Lit.) from Ruhelkhand University on the theme of ‘ Synthetic Spiritualism as Opposed to Dialectical Materialism’
   Dr Mahaveer  depended on law practices in Tihri for his livelihood and fulfilling his family needs. Gairola have been a front figure in social activities in Old Tihri for many decades. At present, Dr Gairola  is living in new Tihri . Dr Gairola have been strong supporter of Tihri dam.
 Mahaveer Prasad  writes in  Garhwali , English and Hindi with ease in all three languages.
 Dr Gairola is the first Garhwali prose make who published novel in Garhwali language ‘Parvati’ in 1981. Parvati has its own importance as for being first novel of Garhwali language.  ‘Akalwar Ko?’ is second novel of Dr M.P . Gairola and fortunately ‘Akalwar Ko?’ is second published novel of Garhwali language too. Asli Panchaaiat Raj is his third novel in Garhwali
  Kapali ko Chhamote is his poetry collection in Garhwali language. Mahaveer Prasad  wrote many dramas in Garhwali and staged them too. ‘ Sabbi Jaga eki Chhween’, ‘Dudh bitdi rai’ are most admired plays of Dr Mahaveer Gairola in Garhwali language.
 Dr Gairola wrote tens of short stories in Garhwali language and published ‘Ramaidi’ a short story collection. Dr Gairola supports socialist thinking  but says that communism or socialism can not establish in India without the aid of Indian spirituality and we may find those philosophical, spiritual touches in the poems, stories and novel of dr Mahaveer Gairola.
 Dr Mahaveer Prasad published many articles if Garhwali language in many regional periodicals.
 Dr Gairola also edited ‘Naitiki’ magazine for may years.
 Dr Gairola wrote novel and short stories in English. ‘The Learned Fools’ and ‘The world cycle’ are his famous  his English novels and he published poetry collections ‘ The Cirinlore  ‘ in Himalaya Times .
 Dr Gairola  published novels, short stories and poetries in Hindi too.
 Dr Mahaveer Gairola have  been a prominent figure in Garhwali literature for many decades and got many awards., rewards and appraisals from many social organization and state government.
 As Sir Walter Scott , Samuel Lover, Charles Dickens are praised for their initiating and advancing novel writing in English ; Posper Merimee, Theophile Gautier in French; Gabriele D‘Annunzio Grazia Deledda‘ in Italian language;  Leopoldo Alas in Spanish language ; Nathaniel Hawthorne of USA in English language ; Dr Mahaveer Prasad will be remembered in Garhwali literature for initiating writing Novels.
Copyright @ Bhishma Kukreti, Mumbai, India, 2009