MeraPahad Community Of Uttarakhand Lovers

Restlessness in Kumaon, British Garhwal and Tehri Garhwal 
History of Tehri King Narendra Shah -36
History of Tehri Kingdom (Tehri and Uttarkashi Garhwal) from 1815 –1948- 228   
  History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) – 1475
By: Bhishma Kukreti (History Student)
  From Firs word war, the freedom movement was taking shape in India and by the end of 1930, the movement had taken shape in Garhwal and Kumaon too.
  At the same time, there was restlessness among people in Kumaon, British Garhwal and Tihri Garhwal about their forest rights. In the name of forest management, British Government reduced the rights of people on forest.  Tihri kings also reduced rights of people on forests. The notorious three officers - Sir John Hibet, Sir John Campbel and Sir Collectrowac   announced an order in 1883, that there would not be any rights of villages on lands that came under unmeasured land without any record  , hills, snowy land, ponds, lakes, rivers rivulets, many forests  etc.(1)
At that same time, the Government divided the forests into three categories – A, B, C. There were no any rights on A type of forests, there were very low rights on B types of forests and the C types of forests were lower density   forests near villages. In 1994, Government alos decalred Devdaru, Pine,Sal , Tun , Kahir (catechu) as protective trees and the villagers had to take permission to cut their own tress from government (1).
   The government also stopped hunting; fishing and people had to take government permission for hunting and fishing.  Government fined and jailed many persons in British Garhwal and Kumaon. (1)
 There was restlessness in British Garhwal and as well  in Tehri Garhwal too .
 
References-
1-Pandey Badridatt, Kumaon ka Itihas p 469
2-Dabral S., Tehri Garhwal Rajya ka Itihas Bhag 2 (new edition), Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda, (1999) page 39
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti, 2020

Start of Rights on Forest Movement in Ravain, Jaunpur Uttarkashi
History of Tehri King Narendra Shah -38
History of Tehri Kingdom (Tehri and Uttarkashi Garhwal) from 1815 –1948- 230   
  History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) – 1477
By: Bhishma Kukreti (History Student)
    Indian Freedom Movement led by Mahatma Gandhi:-
  The Indian Freedom Movement had been there big news and  inspiring news for Tehri Garhwal citizens. There had been freedom movement in British Garhwal and Kumaon.  The newspapers in India used to publish news along with photos about freedom fighters, people greeting freedom fighters with great enthusiasm .Newspapers also used to publish photos of people greeting freedom fighters. In Rajat a place  on the road from Chakrata  to Ravain , Shop keeper  lala ram Prasad used to call newspaper for his own reading . However, Ravain n people from nearby villages and tourists used to come there for reading news about freedom fight to the shop. The Ravain citizens   took much interest in reading freedom fight news there. Usually , one person used to read and other used  to hear the news.  The Ravain citizens got inspired by Indian freedom movement news .  A few brave citizens decided to start fight forest right movement in Ravain, They founded  Hira Singh from Nagan village  , Dayaram from Kesaru village and Baijram from Khumundi –Gaudar took responsibilities for leading the forest right movement. Lal Ram Prasad of Rajtar used to convey their news to each other (!). Ravain citizens founded ‘Azad Panchayat’. . From forest point of view, Azad Panchayat’ worked as parallel government in  Tehri Garhwal. Azad Panchayat declared that every citizen has rights on forest produces consumption. There was strong emotion among people against forest department.  People started giving position to Azad Panchayat members as King and Diwan. Hira Singh was called as ‘Panch Sarkar’ and Baijram as Teen  Sarkar.  The Ravain –Jaunpur people started opposing the government rules and started harming government forests. The forest department officers escaped away from Ravain. Azad Panchayt  made a seal of jug (Lote ka Chhap ) too.  (2).
  The people organization in Jaunpur and Ravain regions became stronger.  People decided to have people conference in Chandadokhari , Thaple of Talari.  Initially, Thokdar (landlord) too part  in movement for getting  benefits from the movement for getting more rights as land Lords.  (3). However, their desire fulfilment was not possible in people’s movement and land lords became spies for the government.  The Kingdom administration was aware of the strong feeling against the kingdom from people by that movement.  Sensing the strength of movement, the t Administration  sent ex-Prime Minister  Hari Krishna Raturi for calming down the movement.  Raturi assured them for positive decision and retaining their  forest  from the Kingdom.
   One side, there was talks and getting amicable solution from the talk by sending Raturi to Ravain. At the same , there was court case against the movement activist in the court of D.M Surendra  Datt at Rajgarhi (Ravain) .   DFO Padma Datt Raturi initiated the court case against the activists  as Dayaram, Rudrasingh, Lala Ramprasad and Jamman Singh.   S.D.M. found them guilty and gave decision of jail for those activists.   The situation in Ravain –Jaunpur was explosive.  The people were to much restless. Therefore, when the accused were being taken to Tehri court from Rajgarhim, there were policemen and Patwari with them. SDM Surendra Datt and  DFO Padma datt Raturi were also there with police party.
   When the police party along with accused reached to near Dandiyal village, the movement activists attacked on police party for releasing the so called accused.(5) There were gun firing from both the sides. DFO fired from his revolver for his defence. By his firing Gyan Singh of Nagan village was killed. It is also said that The revolver  fire by Raturi killed two persons – Joon Singh and  Ajit Singh (5).  SDM Surendra Datt was also injured.  Padma Datt Raturi ran away from the scene. Policemen also ran away from the field.
 Movement Activists captured Surendra Datt as captive. Activists took the so called accused ones  to Rajtar.
  Chakradhar Juyal decided to teach lesson to the activists and wanted to create fear in the region too. The King was on Europe Tour.  Diwan Chakra Dhar Juyal took permission to repress the movement by weapons from the United Province Governor. (4). The Chief Army staff  of Tehri state did not agree for firing on citizens. Chakradhar Juyal replaced Surendra Singh by Nathu Singh Sajwan and sent him to Ravain  for suppressing the rebellions. 
Dabral states that probably there were efforts for accord but talks failed.  (1). On 17th Jeth (May) , the army reached to Rajgarhi via Dharasu . The villagers had planning for stopping the army. However, second time, the villagers were unsuccessful. Thokdar /landlord Ranjit Singh welcomed armed force by wine and meat. That night, forces enjoyed the welcome by Ranjit Singh and Thokdar Lakhiram. Second day, soldiers caught the villagers .Both the Thokdars helped force for catching the innocent people.
  Second day, there was meeting of Aazad panchayt and people gathered at Chandadkhori. People started discussing on arrival of the force. Army surrounded people from three sides . There was a soliderAgam singh in army t from Ravain , he cautioned the people. Diwan blew the whistle and soldiers  started firing .Few people climbed on trees , afew lied down on ground and  a few jumped into Yamuna. Many were killed and injured . (Sundar Lal Bahuguna). In night, Diwan was sleeping and the injured young men cried by pain. Diwan ordered for killing them. The shop of Ramprasad at Rajtar was demolished. Next day, soldiers went to village to village and caught the people.
   As per government report, only four people were killed  and two were injured. As per that report , 194 people were caught by soldiers. (1)
As per Garhwali newspaper (12/7/1930), more than 100 people were killed and much more were caught.
As per Sundar Lal Bahuguna, 17 people were killed and soldiers fired 600 bullets.
 The king appreciated Chakradhar Juyal for his action after returning from Europe Tour. State government initiated court cases against the accused.  The Tehri government did not allow the accused for taking help of outside lawyers. The accused did lobbying for them.  Tehri Government initiated cases against 68 persons (innocent) and court decided from 1 to 20 years prisonment. 15 accused died in prison.  Police threw their dead bodies into Ganga.
    The king and other pro- Government personalities had opinions that Chakradhar Juyal took right decision for ordering gun firing and killing the activists. (6) .
 However, the people  were angry against the incidents and the people created folk song about incidents and criticizing the Killer Chakradhar Juyal. Those folk songs named Juyal as Khuni (the Killer).
              News in Media about Ravain Incident
Outside of Tehri Garhwal,  Garhwali, Hindu Sansar, Abhaya, Indian States Affairs Reformer etc., published the news about Ravain incidents.
 Hindu Sansar published articles (perhaps anonymous names) and criticized the acts of Tehri Government. Chakradhar Juyal had opinion that the writer was the editor Chandola of Garhwali. (1).
  Garhwali newspaper published news about Ravain incident on 28th  June 1930 declaring that 100 persosn died in the incidents and more than that numbers were injured.  The secretary of Tihri darbar sent reaction and that was published in Garhwali on 30th June 1930.The reaction stated that on 4 people were killed and 2 were injured. Ex Diwan Bhavani Datt Uniyal also criticized the acts of Juyal to his men.
Juyal pleaded case in the court against Chandola, Bhavani Datt  Uniyal , Sadanand Naithani etc.. (1)
 Vishwambar Datt Chandola was sent by Court to prison in Dehradun from 31st March 1933 to 3rd February 1934.
Chakradhar Juyal also took Tara Datt Gairola a intellectual and lawyer. Gairola criticized the Tehri kingdom in one conference. However, Gairola won the case and Tehri Government had to pay penalty to Gairola.

References-
1--Dabral S., Tehri Garhwal Rajya ka Itihas Bhag 2 (new edition), Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda, (1999) page 41 to 48
2-Settlement report Uttarkashi p 1
3- Sundar Lal Bahuguna ,Himkirit
4- Karmabhumi , 26 January 1956
5- Anarticle in Sarswati by Mukandi lal December 1970
6-Daurgidata , Narendravanshakavya 249-50
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti, 2020

Narendra Shah  cancelling  Balance tax from the citizens
History of Tehri King Narendra Shah -40
History of Tehri Kingdom (Tehri and Uttarkashi Garhwal) from 1815 –1948- 2302   
  History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) – 1479
By: Bhishma Kukreti (History Student)
 The people were dissatisfied by Ravain incident. King Narendra Shah toured the state and heard the people grievances. He took some measures too for benefiting the people.  By those acts of Shah, people started blaming for incidents or other matters to the administration than the king.   The king kept Rs. one lakh for village development. .In famine, people could not pay tax to the state and there were balance taxes on the land owners. The total amount was for rs.297358. It was not possible to get that balance. The King cancelled the balance tax amount.(1 and 2)
   Same way, there were balance amount of taxes from Sudarshan Shah period and amount was for  Rs. 37 lakhs, The King cancelled whole amount (20.
References
1-Dabral S.P.,, Tehri Garhwal Rajya ka Itihas Bhag 2 (new edition), Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda, (1999) page  48
Daurgidatt , Narendravanshkavya , p 279
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti, 2020

Appointing the Department Head Strategies for CEO - 3
 Characteristics   of a Soldier or Battalion Head  (Shukra Niti  )
Successful Strategies for successful Chief executive Officer – 101
Guidelines for Chief Executive Officers (CEO) series – 101
(Guiding Lessons for CEOs based on Shukra Niti)
(Refreshing notes for Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) based on Shukra Niti)   
By: Bhishma Kukreti (Sales and Marketing Consultant)
नीतिशास्त्रास्त्रव्यूहदिनतिविद्याविशारदा: II138
...
...
..... II140II
पंचनाम थवा षणणामधिप:  पदगामिनाम् I(Shukra Niti Second ChapterYuvrajadi Lakshan 138-140, 141 first half)
Translation –
It is necessary to have following qualities in a solider, Battalion head or Army head-
Obeys code of conducts
Knows and create Strategies
Knows to create fear in the mind of enemies or knows insulting enemies tactics (diplomacy)
Does not have childish behaviour
Young
Brave and Brave emotions
Well trained for army acts
With healthy and Strong body
Righteous
Faithful to Kingdom
Envies enemies
If those qualities are there in any person of any cast , the king should appoint him as soldier or head of battalion or army head
(Shukra Niti Second ChapterYuvrajadi Lakshan 138-140, 141 first half)
References -
1-Shukra Niti, Manoj Pocket Books Delhi, page 83   
Guidelines for staff appointment strategies for Chief Executive Officers; Guidelines for staff appointment strategies for Managing Directors; Guidelines for staff appointment strategies for Chief Operating officers (CEO); Guidelines for staff appointment strategies for  General Mangers; Guidelines for staff appointment strategies for Chief Financial Officers (CFO) ; Guidelines for staff appointment strategies for Executive Directors ; Guidelines for staff appointment strategies for ; Refreshing Guidelines for staff appointment strategies for  CEO; Refreshing Guidelines for staff appointment strategies for COO ; Refreshing Guidelines for staff appointment strategies for CFO ; Refreshing Guidelines for staff appointment strategies for  Managers; Refreshing Guidelines for staff appointment strategies for  Executive Directors; Refreshing Guidelines for staff appointment strategies for MD ; Refreshing Guidelines for staff appointment strategies for Chairman ; Refreshing Guidelines for staff appointment strategies for President

 
 
बड़कोट , जौनपुर (टिहरी ) में गौड़ परिवार की भव्यतर जौंळ्या (जुड़वां )  तिबारी में काष्ठ  कला , अलकंरण , अंकन , लकड़ी नक्काशी
 
गढ़वाल, कुमाऊं , देहरादून , हरिद्वार ,  उत्तराखंड  , हिमालय की भवन  (तिबारी, जंगलेदार निमदारी  , बाखली , खोली , मोरी , कोटि बनाल   ) काष्ठ  कला , अलकंरण , अंकन , लकड़ी नक्काशी  -   220
  Traditional House Wood Carving Art  of  ,Barkot Tehri 
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संकलन - भीष्म कुकरेती 

जौनसार , रवाईं  से कोटि बनाल युक्त मकानों  व  जौनपुर  से तिबारियों की अच्छी संख्या में  सूचना मिली है।  आज बड़कोट , जौनपुर में  गौड़ परिवार  के मकान व जौंळ्या (जुड़वां )  तिबारी  में काष्ठ  कला , अलंकरण पर चर्चा होगी। 

   
ड़कोट , जौनपुर के गौड़ परिवार  का  दुपुर , दुघर मकान   हर तरह से भव्य है बड़ा तो है ही दो  सात खम्या (7 स्तम्भ ) छ ख्वळ्या  (6 ख्वाळ ) तिबारियां  होने मकान भव्यतर मकानों की श्रेणी में अपने आप आ जाता है।  ऐसा लगता है बल बड़कोट , जौनपुर (टिहरी ) में  गौड़ परिवार  के मकान   की मरोम्मत करते समय कुछ फेर बद्द्ल हुआ है।  अनुमान लगाना सरल है बल   बड़कोट , जौनपुर (टिहरी ) में  गौड़ परिवार  के मकान  की खोली पहले तल मंजिल से पहली मंजिल तक थी किन्तु  जीर्णोद्धार समय तल मंजिल की खोली बंद क्र दी गयी है व अब बाह्य सीढ़ियों से ऊपर  आया जाया  जाता है। 
 बड़कोट , जौनपुर (टिहरी ) में  गौड़ परिवार  के मकान  में काष्ठ कला अथवा लकड़ी नक्काशी समझने हेतु दो मुख्य केंद्रों पर ध्यान देना होगा - खोळी व तिबारियां व खड़िकियाँ /मोरी आदि।
  बड़कोट , जौनपुर (टिहरी ) में  गौड़ परिवार  के मकान की खोळी  के दोनों मुख्य स्तम्भ उप स्तम्भों के युग्म /जोड़ से बने हैं और इनमे  प्राकृतिक कला अंकन हुआ है।   मकान की  खोळी  चौकोर व बिन मेहराब के है।  मुरिन्ड की कड़ियों में   वनस्पति कला अंकन हुआ है।  मुरिन्ड के मध्य देव आकृति स्थित है।
  बड़कोट , जौनपुर (टिहरी ) में  गौड़ परिवार  के मकान  में पहली मंजिल की   खिड़कियों   (बड़ी हैं याने जीर्णोद्धार  समय  निर्मित हुयी हैं )  के स्तम्भ जोड़ीदार हैं व खिड़कियों के  मुरिन्ड  के ऊपर मेहराब हैं व मेहराब के मध्य में फूल  आकृति स्थिर है। खिड़की के ऊपर  मेहराब हैं  हैं जो ब्रिटिश शैली से ही प्रभावित हैं। 
  बड़कोट , जौनपुर (टिहरी ) में  गौड़ परिवार  के मकान  की प्रत्येक तिबारी वास्तव में आइना छाया  जैसे सामान  आकर  व  आकृति की हैं।  प्रत्येक तिबारी  में  सात सिंगाड़ (स्तम्भ ) हैं जो छह ख्वाळ /द्वार बनाते हैं।  प्रत्येक स्तम्भ पत्थर के छज्जे के ऊपर देळी /देहरी के ऊपर टिके हैं।  प्रत्येक  स्तम्भ का आधार  की कुम्भी  उल्टा कमल फूल से बना है जिसके ऊपर ड्यूल है,  ड्यूल के ऊपर सीधा कमल दल है व यहीं से स्तम्भ लौकी आकृति लेकर ऊपर बढ़ता है व जहां सबसे कम मोटा होता है वहां  उल्टा कमल दल है जिसके ऊपर ड्यूल है व उसके ऊपर सीधा कमल दल है।  यहां से स्तम्भ एक ओर थांत  रूप धर सीधा ऊपर जाता है।    थांत ऊपर चौखट रूपी मुरिन्ड से मिलता है।  जहां से थांत   शुरू होता है वहीं से मेहराब का अर्ध शुरू होता है  जो सामने वाले स्तम्भ के अर्द्ध चाप से मिल पूर्ण मेहराब बनाता है।  मेहराब के ऊपर के प्रत्येक  त्रिभुज (स्कंध ) में  एक एक फूल अंकित है व बेलबूटों  का अंकन हुआ है।  चौखट रूपी मुरिन्ड की कड़ियों में प्राकृतिक अलंकरण अंकन हुआ है।
  बड़कोट , जौनपुर (टिहरी ) में  गौड़ परिवार  के मकान  की तिबारियों में पशु चित्र अंकन नहीं दिखा। 
निष्कर्ष निकलता है बल   बड़कोट , जौनपुर (टिहरी ) में  गौड़ परिवार  के  जुड़वाँ तिबारी वाले   मकान  में भव्य काष्ठ कला के दर्शन होते हैं जिनमे ज्यामितीय , प्राकृतिक व  मानवीय (देव आकृति ) अलंकरण  अंकन हुआ है। 
सूचना व फोटो आभार :  जगमोहन सिंह जयाड़ा 
 
यह आलेख कला संबंधित है , मिलकियत संबंधी नही है I   भौगोलिक स्तिथि और व भागीदारों  के नामों में त्रुटी  संभव है I 
Copyright @ Bhishma Kukreti, 2020
 
 
गढ़वाल, कुमाऊं , देहरादून , हरिद्वार ,  उत्तराखंड  , हिमालय की भवन  (तिबारी, जंगलेदार निमदारी  , बाखली , खोली , मोरी कोटि बनाल     ) काष्ठ  कला  , अलकंरण , अंकन लोक कला ( तिबारी  - 
Traditional House Wood Carving Art (in Tibari), Bakhai , Mori , Kholi  , Koti Banal )  Ornamentation of Garhwal , Kumaon , Dehradun , Haridwar Uttarakhand , Himalaya -
  Traditional House Wood Carving Art (Tibari) of  Tehri Garhwal , Uttarakhand , Himalaya   -   
घनसाली तहसील  टिहरी गढवाल  में  भवन काष्ठ कला , नक्काशी ;  टिहरी तहसील  टिहरी गढवाल  में  भवन काष्ठ कला , नक्काशी ;   धनौल्टी,   टिहरी गढवाल  में  भवन काष्ठ कला, लकड़ी नक्काशी ;   जाखनी तहसील  टिहरी गढवाल  में  भवन काष्ठ कला , नक्काशी ;   प्रताप  नगर तहसील  टिहरी गढवाल  में  भवन काष्ठ कला, नक्काशी ;   देव प्रयाग    तहसील  टिहरी गढवाल  में  भवन काष्ठ कला, नक्काशी ; House Wood carving Art from   Tehri;