Author Topic: Uttarakhand Suffering From Disaster - दैवीय आपदाओं से जूझता उत्तराखण्ड  (Read 77410 times)

हेम पन्त

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What is Cloudburst? अतिवृष्टि
« Reply #20 on: August 07, 2010, 12:37:16 PM »
अतिवृष्टि या बादल का फटना पहाड़ों में होने वाली दैवीय आपदाओं (भूस्खलन आदि) का सबसे बड़ा कारण है. ऐसी घटनाओं में जान-माल की भारी हानि होती है. बादल फटने (Cloudburst) के कारणों पर कुछ जानकारी -
 
Source - www.rediff.com
 
What is a cloudburst?

A cloudburst is sudden copious rainfall. It is a sudden aggressive rainstorm falling for a short period of time limited to a small geographical area.

Meteorologists say the rain from a cloudburst is usually of the shower type with a fall rate equal to or greater than 100 mm (4.94 inches) per hour.

Generally cloudbursts are associated with thunderstorms. The air currents rushing upwards in a rainstorm hold up a large amount of water.

If these currents suddenly cease, the entire amount of water descends on to a small area with catastrophic force all of a sudden and causes mass destruction. This is due to a rapid condensation of the clouds.

They occur most often in desert and mountainous regions, and in interior regions of continental landmasses.

एम.एस. मेहता /M S Mehta 9910532720

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Malpa landslide was one of worst landslides in India.

On 11 and 17 August 1998 at village Malpa in Uttarkhand state about 380 people were killed when massive landslides washed away the entire village. The dead included 60 Hindu pilgrims on their way to Kailash Mansarovar lake in Tibet.The noted Indian dancer Protima Bedi was one of the pilgrims who died in the landslide.

This is the news
=============

More landslides near Malpa hit relief work

LUCKNOW, Aug 29 (PTI) — Fresh landslides near Malpa village in Pithoragarh district since last evening have caused extensive damage to the Dharchula-Tavaghat and the Tavaghat-Mangti roads, disrupting relief operation in landslide hit hills of Uttar Pradesh, an Army spokesman said here today.

Army helicopters today carried out a number of sorties over Kali river to trace more bodies of the landslide victims in and around the river. Till yesterday, 40 bodies have been extricated, an Army spokesman said.

The spokesman said soldiers were assisting the civil administration in clearing the Dharchula-Tavaghat, the Tavaghat-Mangti roads and the Jidpi-Malapa track damaged in fresh landslides that occurred yesterday.

Meanwhile, the 11th batch of 49 pilgrims today reached Gunji and were air-lifted to Pithoragarh, a Home Department spokesman said.

Meanwhile, two helicopters were pressed into service to supply food and medicines to the stranded villagers of Rasi, Udiana and Gondar in Ukhimath block where about 1200 persons were hit by fresh landslides which have cut off the area from rest of the state.

Altogether, 333 persons including 60 Kailash Manasrovar pilgrims were feared killed during the last 15 days in a series of landslides in Kumaon and Garhwal divisions.Top

एम.एस. मेहता /M S Mehta 9910532720

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News related to Malpa -

Rain hampers rescue work at landslide site, 210 feared dead
Sonu Jain & ENS 
TANAKPUR/LUCKNOW, August 19: Incessant rains and mudslides continues to hamper relief operations in Malpa where at least 210 people -- including 60 Kailash-Mansarovar-bound pilgrims -- are feared killed in a massive landslide.

All roads to Pithoragarh remained unapproachable till this afternoon. The route from Tanakpur was closed last night after a truck was washed away in a swollen stream, 5 kms from Tanakpur. Rescue workers could not use the Danya route due to a heavy landslide 50 kms ahead of Almora last night. The road was opened at 3 pm this afternoon and three medical teams were sent to Malpa. UP Chief Minister Kalyan Singh, who was supposed to go on an aerial survey of Malpa, has postponed his trip because of bad weather.

Malpa is situated in a narrow valley about 60 kms from Dharchula at an altitude of 2,275 meters.

The rescue operations have also been hampered due to the tough terrain of the site.

Nine bodies had been recovered and nine people were rescued yesterday. Nine persons, includingsix members of the GREF and three porters who had been saved, are at Buddhi and Malpa.

The 12th batch of Kailash-Mansarovar pilgrims, all of whom are feared dead, had 46 men and 14 women -- in the age group of 23- 80 years. The team had travelled by road till Tawaghat -- the last motorable point -- and proceeded on foot to Malpa. They were camping in Malpa as they were told that it would be dangerous to go ahead. Six pilgrims who were part of the 12th batch had a miraculous escape, as they were shifted to the 13th batch.

ITBP inspector Shiv Singh and his five jawans, who sent the first message about the disaster, said that there was a 50-ft mountain of rubble where the camp was. A doctor, who was part of the 12th group escaped because he was staying at the ITBP camp.

Those who are feared dead include 60 yatris, 42 coolies, 19 workers, 16 residents of Malpa, six task guides of Kumaon Mandal Vikas Nigam Workers Union, 12 ITBP jawans, 4 of which were at Gunji chowki and two sadhus.

The rescue operation`White Horse', which are being conducted by the ITBP and the Jat Regiment, is being coordinated by Commandant Shyam Mehrotra. A UNI report from Almora quoting ITBP commandant Shyam Mehrotra said a total of 33 jawans, had reached Malpa. A team of doctors who has been rushed from Pithoragarh and Lucknow are yet to reach the place.

Meanwhile, the 9th batch of pilgrims on way to Kailash Mansarovar are in Buddihat and will be airlifted tomorrow. The 10th and the 11th group are in China and the 13th group is in Didihat. Chief Secretary Yogendra Narain today informed that 200 Army, ITBP and police personnel were on their way to the site. Narain said that five Air Force helicopters had been brought for the relief work but they are held up at Bareilly.Fresh landslides

At least 37 persons were killed in fresh landslides triggered by heavy rains in Uttar Pradesh on Wednesday, officials here said. While 11 bodies have been recovered, 15 others were yet to be traced in Monsoona village, 12 kms from Ukhimath,they said. This is the second major landslide in Rudraprayag district in the last one week. Sixty-nine people were killed in a landslide in the district on August 12

http://www.indianexpress.com/res/web/pIe/ie/daily/19980820/23250984.html

एम.एस. मेहता /M S Mehta 9910532720

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Landslide problems in Uttaranchal, India: issues and challenges

                                                                                       
Document Information:
Title:Landslide problems in Uttaranchal, India: issues and challenges
Author(s):Ravindra K. Pande,  (Disaster Mitigation and Management Centre, Dehradun, India)
Citation:Ravindra   K. Pande, (2006) "Landslide problems in Uttaranchal, India: issues and   challenges", Disaster Prevention and Management, Vol. 15 Iss: 2, pp.247 -   255
Keywords:India, Landslides, Natural disasters
Article type:Research paper
DOI:10.1108/09653560610659793 (Permanent URL)
Publisher:Emerald Group Publishing Limited
Abstract:Purpose   – The purpose of this paper is to describe how landslide and mass   movements are recurring phenomena in the Himalayan region. The   consequences in recent times have become more severe in terms of   casualties and extensive damage to the roads, buildings, forests,   plantation and agriculture fields.
Design/methodology/approach – The study is based on field work and secondary source on information about various landslides in the Uttaranchal, India.
Findings   – In recent years, the intensive construction activity and   destabilizing forces of nature have combined to generate huge and   complex problems, never encountered before. Implementation of number of   hydro-electric schemes, large-scale construction of dams, roads,   tunnels, buildings, towers, ropeways, tanks and other public utility   works as well as indiscriminate mining and quarrying have brought most   of instability problems such as never witnessed before.
Research limitations/implications   – Mitigation of an active landslide is a difficult option. It has been   observed that despite of best technological options available the   mitigation of an active landslide costs a lot which is, some times not   economically viable.
Practical implications – Prevention is the best practice for landslide management which can be introduced through proper landuse planning.
Originality/value   – The proper and scientific management of landslide will certainly   reduce the miseries of the community living in this region. However, for   that we must be addressed certain issues.


http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?articleid=1550520&show=pdf

एम.एस. मेहता /M S Mehta 9910532720

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This is the news of last year ======

Landslide in Uttarakhand, 43 killed

Forty three people have died in a landslide in Pithoragarh in Uttaranchal. Many people were trapped in their homes when the landslide happened and dozens are missing.

Poor weather hampered the rescue operation. Chief Minister Ramesh Pokriyal visited the district. He said relief work was under way.

According to an official report, about 100 villages in Uttarakhand are prone to natural disasters.

The report by state's Disaster Management and Mitigation Centre (DMMC) said that about 35 villages have been found unsafe in Chamoli district where as in Pithoragarh 23 villages are prone to natural disasters like landslides and earthquakes.

Both Chamoli and Pithoragarh districts are seismically highly sensitive and fall in Zone-V.

Official sources said the report has been forwarded to the state government, which is working out a plan to rehabilitate these villages elsewhere in the state.


http://www.ndtv.com/news/india/landslide_in_uttarakhand_43_killed.php

एम.एस. मेहता /M S Mehta 9910532720

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15 die in Uttarakhand landslide triggered by cloud burst

EHRADUN: At least 15 people were killed and 50 missing on Saturday in a landslide triggered by heavy rains in Uttarakhand, an official said.

The landslide occurred in Pithoragarh district, about 450 km from here.

"So far we have taken out 15 bodies from Bala village," an Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) official said.

The hilly region was lashed by downpour since Friday evening.

Rescue workers were searching 50 people missing in the landslide.

At least 46 families were affected by the tragedy, the official said.

http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/15-die-in-Uttarakhand-landslide-triggered-by-cloud-burst/articleshow/4871770.cms

एम.एस. मेहता /M S Mehta 9910532720

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Five killed in landslides in Uttarakhand

5 members of a family, including three children, from Uttar Pradesh were buried alive when a house collapsed in landslides triggered by heavy rains in Uttarakhand's Chamoli district early today.

The incident occured in Basantpur village when torrential rains caused landslides that completely buried the house, official sources said here.

The bodies of Sanjay Rajbar, 34, his wife Manju Devi, 24, daughter Poonam, 8 and two sons—Deepak, 7 and Bittu, 4-- were later recovered by a search and rescue team comprising members of ITBP and police personnel, they said.

The deceased belonged to Maharajganj district of Uttar Pradesh. Rajbar was a daily wage labourer and the family had rented a house in the village.

Uttarakhand chief minister Ramesh Pokhariyal Nishank expressed grief over the incident and asked the district administration to provide ex-gratia to next of the kin of the deceased.

http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_five-killed-in-landslides-in-uttarakhand_1419262

एम.एस. मेहता /M S Mehta 9910532720

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What caused the landslides in Uttarakhand-
« Reply #27 on: August 08, 2010, 12:17:08 PM »
 What caused the landslides in Uttaranchal?     On the night of September 24, residents of   Uttarkashi in the Garhwal Himalayas were jolted by rumblings of rocks   and boulders hurtling down the Varunavat  parvat (hillock).   Landslides have ravaged this ancient pilgrimage town ever since. Many   buildings including high-rise hotels and houses have come under a steady   stream of mud, boulders and broken rock pieces that slide down from   Varunavat  parvat , a mighty hillock overlooking the town of   20,000 people. Fortunately, no human casualty has been reported, though   the material loss has been significant. The Uttarkashi district   administration reacted by clamping a red alert in the area and   evacuating about 3,000 people living along a one-kilometre stretch on   the Uttarkashi-Gangotri road, that separates the hillock from the   township. 
Why did it happen?  Geologists are clueless about the   exactcause of the event. So are residents of the town. According to   Suman Rawat, a social worker and physics professor in the local   government college, heavy rains in the intervening night of September   23-24, "Seems to have set off the landslide.'

     The site of the   calamity has since been surveyed by a multi-institutional scientific   team drawn up from the Dehra Dun-based Wadia Institute of Himalayan   Geology, Geological Survey of India ( gsi)  and the Roorkee-based Central Building Research Institute ( cbri)   . Their preliminary report, submitted to both the district   administration and the Uttaranchal government, notes that a lot of   debris is still accumulated on the top of the hill. A rough estimate by   the scientists indicates that debris amounting to about 40-50,000 cubic   metres is still to come down. And until the debris throw is over, a   detailed study is difficult, the report said. According to eyewitnesses,   the land-movement, that began on September 24, is still continuing,   making it a peculiar geological event.

      Shantanu Sarkar, the  cbri    scientist who led the team, says the dislocated debris that is yet to   come down is stuck on a gentle slope on the hillside. Whenever the sun   is up, the moisture that holds the fractured rocks together evaporates,   releasing rock pieces. And this, according to Sarkar, explains the   steady stream of rocks and mud sliding down into Uttarkashi town during   daytime. Fallen trees occasionally hasten the fall.

     Many   other geologists also categorise the current landslides in Uttarkashi as   a debris flow. Such a landslide is characterised by an extremely rapid   flow of a mixture of rock fragments, boulders, cobbles and gravel. This   mass is set in a matrix of sand, silt and a little clay, with variable   quantity of water. The debris is released as a result of weathering of   rocks and the processes of deforestation. It then moves down the slope —   usually in surges — because of gravity. Debris flows along hill slopes   frequently follow a channelled path.

     A typical debris flow   has three distinguishable segments: the source area, the main flow track   and the depositional toe. The source area is normally an active   landslide zone with a scar and ruptured surface. The source of the flow   is often located in first order watersheds, with steep topographic   slopes. In such areas, loose soil is very likely to accumulate and that   serves as the source for the debris.

     The flow track may follow   a pre-existing drainage channel. It can have a typical V-shaped   cross-section and be fairly long, leading to long-distance   transportation of debris. The debris flow ends in an alluvial fan or   cone, as it enters into a wider valley with a lower gradient.

       Uttarkashi town is surrounded by a number of hillocks, which geologists   say are made of paleo-glacial waste materials left behind by melting   glaciers several hundred thousand years ago. These loose rock materials   are highly weathered and fractured and are capable of shifting location   at the slightest instance. Also flowing along the town is the   Bhagirathi, a main tributary of the river Ganga.

     Till the   1960s, Uttarkashi was more like a small hamlet that serviced pilgrims   trekking to Gangotri. But, the decision to make this town the district   headquarters, in the mid-1960s, led to a large number of people from   neighbouring villages settling here. Says Hansvanti Bisht, a reader at   the Women's Post-Graduate College, Uttarkashi, "In the early days human   settlement here was restricted to a narrow strip of land between the   Varunavat mountain and the Bhagirathi river, called  Bara haat by the local population .'    "The people then were wise enough to use the land on the either side   only for farming. That helped them escape from natural calamities, such   as landslides and flash floods. But, these unwritten norms were thrown   to the winds as population pressure mounted and many farmlands were   slowly converted into settlements, despite their geological   instability,' says Bisht.

     She says no lessons were learned   even after the 1991 earthquake that killed 650 people and destroyed   property worth crores in Uttarkashi town and neighbouring villages.   "Since then, many hotels and houses have come up in the foothills of the   Varunavat mountain, which were otherwise avoided for settlement.'   Sarkar admits that the earthquake had made the region quite unstable.   Major landslides happened at Thambakhani last year and and this year,   Gyansu nala, which is very close to Uttarkashi, was hit by the calamity a   month before this land rupture. 

     In fact, landslides have   become a recurring feature during the rainy seasons in Uttarkashi after   the 1991 earthquake. In the last five or six years, they have been   particularly prolific along 400-metre-long Thambakhani track, which   empties boulders and rock fragments onto the Uttarkashi-Gangotri main   road along the river Bhagirathi. To prevent debris falling onto the main   road, the civic authorities of Uttarakshi have constructed a breast   wall. This reduced the damage caused by landslides in  Uttarkashi town   quite substantially, say local residents.

     This year too the   debris — mainly consisting of rock fragments of varying size — took the   Thambakhani track. But subsequently, two new channels opened up, much   closer to residential areas: near Uttarkashi bus stand and Masjid   Mohalla. Also, a more important difference this time is that instead of   the debris flow coming down in surges, there has been continuous   movement of rock pieces.

     Geologists working with the Narendra Nagar-based nongovernmental Academy for Mountain Environics ( ame   ) say in the aftermath of the 1991 earthquake, cracks had formed on the   top of the hillock. These cracks even find a mention in some district   administration reports immediately after the earthquake. But, detailed   studies have never been conducted on these fissures. Every year,   rainwater seeps into the Varunavat hillock through these fractures, says   Ramkrishna Mukherji, a consultant with  ame .   He ascribes the 24 September slides to the already fractured rock   formations giving away due to intense pressure of water. Another section   of geologists hypothesise that the 1991 tremors could not release all   stress energy that had accumulated in the region over the years. They   say that the 1991 quake measured 6.1 on the Richter scale, when tremors   of even greater intensity were feared — of 8 or more on the Richter   scale. This is because the Main Central Thrust, a seismic fault line   that demarcates the Central Himalayas from the Lesser Himalayas, passes   through Maneri, about 12 kilometres away from Uttarkashi. Sarkar,   however, rules this out.

     Scientists discount the possibility   of fallen debris blocking the river Bhagirathi and creating a potential   flood threat in the region. "It is impossible as the river is so wide in   and around Uttarkashi,' says Sarkar. Mukherji also agrees with this   reasoning. "The river is reasonably away from the foothills and it is   quite unlikely that the debris will reach the river,' he says.

       But, there are more ominous portents. Mukherji, who has studied   Uttarkashi extensively, fears many landslides similar to the one in   September 24 in the area over the next few years. The Varunavat hill is   made of highly-fractured and weathered rocks such as phyllite and   quartzite. These rocks, left behind during the deglaciation of the   region thousands of years ago, have made the hill highly fragile. The  ame    scientist also says the rains, that the region receives in   November-December months could could increase water seepage into the   rock formations, leading to more landslides. "It looks like a slow but   painful death for Uttarkashi town,' he says. Meanwhile, unconfirmed   reports say that authorities are toying with the idea of shifting major   government offices and institutions to Joshiana, a village on the other   bank of the Bhagirathi.
     
     The aftermath
     While the landslides offered a unique spectacle to many who seemed more   curious than concerned, many are directly impacted – particularly those   who have been evacuated from the hazard zone. 3000 refugees, their   houses fully or partially damaged, have no option but to accept   temporary accommodation offered in the 10 relief camps run by the   district authorities. These camps do not fall in the itinerary of   Central and state ministers or other dignitaries who drive down to the   town to ‘assess the situation.' "We are unsure of our future,' says   38-year-old Lalita whose family of seven shares a rundown school shed   with another family. They spend all their days either looking at the   boulders ravaging their dream houses one after the other or waiting in   long-winding ques for the daily ration of  roti and cooked  dal .

  According to an article by R P Gupta and A K Saha of Department of Earth Sciences of the Roorkee University in the  GIS Development    journal, "planetologists today compare the earth system to a living   body.' These scientits hold that "Debris flow channels are nature's   agents that transport waste (debris) to disposal sites. Therefore, it is   necessary that debris flow tracks are not truncated or interfered with.   This is particularly so because the natural debris discharge in   relatively thin channels takes place in a more environment-friendly   manner, as can be seen from the lush vegetation thriving on both sides   of the debris flow tracks.'

  "This seems to be nature's way of   politely saying ‘get out of the way'. We should pay heed to this   warning. It is high time that environment-friendly town planning is   adopted not just for Uttarkashi, but for all Himalayan hill towns,' says   R Sreedhar of  ame.  Most of the 72 hill towns have gone much beyond their carrying-coping capacity and are on the brink of disaster.

       The damage caused by the Uttarkashi landslides has been severe. But   will the authorities learn and stay away from haphazard developmental   activities in fragile ecological zones?
                   Date:       30/10/2003              Author(s):         T V Jayan                      Source:         Down to Earth                                                    Tags:         Governance, Himachal Pradesh, Landslides, Research, Natural Disasters

http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/node/3811

हेम पन्त

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मालपा हादसा
« Reply #28 on: August 09, 2010, 12:46:36 PM »
उत्तराखण्ड के विदित इतिहास में मालपा भूस्खलन से हुई तबाही सम्भवत: सबसे बड़ी प्राकृतिक दुर्घटना थी. 18 अगस्त 1998 की आधी रात के बाद भारी वर्षा के कारण हुए भूस्खलन से अल्मोड़ा से लगभग 45 किमी दूर स्थित मालपा नामक गांव में ऐसी भीषण तबाही हुई कि एक दशक बाद भी लोग इस दुर्घटना के बारे में सोच कर ही सिहर उठते है. इस भूस्खलन ने लगभग 300 जानें लीं और दर्जनों शवों को निकाला भी नहीं जा सका.
 
इस दर्दनाक दुर्घटना में लगभग 60 कैलाश मानसरोवर यात्री भी मारे गये जिनमें प्रसिद्ध नृत्यांगना प्रोतिमा बेदी (कबीर बेदी की पत्नी) भी थीं. अन्तर्राष्ट्रीय कैलाश मानसरोवर यात्रा के इतने सारे यात्रियों की मौत के कारण ही मालपा काण्ड कई दिनों तक राष्ट्रीय-अन्तर्राष्ट्रीय मीडिया की सुर्खियों में रहा.
 
मालपा काण्ड के बाद इस दुर्घटना के कारणों का अध्ययन करने की कोशिश हुई.. उसी रिपोर्ट से एक फोटो.
 

हेम पन्त

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जैसा कि उपरोक्त तस्वीर से स्पष्ट है भारी वर्षा के बाद लगभग आधा पहाड़ टूटकर गांव पर आ गिरा और मालपा गांव का अस्तित्व ही मिट गया.

 

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