Author Topic: Folk Songs Of Uttarakhand : उत्तराखण्ड के लोक गीत  (Read 76179 times)

Bhishma Kukreti

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                      Irwan: Mahabharata Folktale, Folk Hero from Haridwar

Folklore, Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Kumaon-Garhwal, Haridwar, Uttarkahnd-41

Epic, Marathon, Classic, Impressive, Grand, Mahabharata Folklore, Folktales, Folk Stories of Haridwar,   Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand – 2 

                                         Bhishma Kukreti

         Irwan was the son of great Pandavas Arjun. His mother was Nagkanya Ulipi from Haridwar (Gangadwar in Mahabharata). Irwan was born and brought up in Haridwar by his mother Ulipi.
                 Irwan, the great son of Haridwar was great brave warrior and war magician. When Kurukshetra battle between Pandavas and Kauravas was just to begin, Pandavas called Irwan for their army.
                       Brave Acts of Irwan on seventh day of Kurukshetra Battle
                  The Kurukshetra battle was on its peak on seventh day.
 Shakuni, his brothers and army of Gandhar were fighting bravely for King Duryodhana.  Shakuni and his army attacked on the army of Pandavas. Shakuni and his army broke the battle strategy of Pandavas and entered into Pandavas army. Irwan the brave hero of Haridwar came forward to protect the Shakuni army.
         Irwan motivated his army for attack on Shakuni army. Irwan and his army killed hundreds of Shakuni soldiers.  Subal (brother of Shakuni) was in rage seeing his soldiers being killed by Irwan and his soldiers.    Subal and his army besieged around army of Irwan. Subal and his soldiers started throwing arrows on brave Irwan. Irwan was deeply injured. Courageous Irwan did not lose his conscious and control. Irwan threw arrows on Subal and his soldiers. Daring Irwan took his sword out and started killing Subal’s soldiers. Irwan wanted to kill sons of Subal. Irwan killed sons of Subal and Subal barring prince Brishabh.
       When Duryodhana saw t Irwan killing strong soldiers of Shakuni, he went to Alambush demon. Alambush was angry on Bhimsen who killed Bakasur demon. Alambush demon was very strong and was great magician too. Duryodhana ordered Alambush demon to kill Irwan.
  Alambush demon came near to Irwan. Both killed each other’s soldiers by magic. Both Irwan and demon lost their army. Irwan and Alambush started wrestling. Both were great magician and were fighting in reality and by magic power too. Irwan injured Alambush many times. Irwan cut the body parts of Alambush but the parts regenerated immediately.
        Alambush threw magic power on Irwan. Irwan stopped that dangerous attack by his magic. One big snake along with army of snakes from Haridwar came to protect Irwan.  All snakes encircled Irwan to protect him.    Alambush changed his body into great Eagle. The magical eagle ate all snakes. Now, Alambush beheaded Irwan by his magical sword. Irwan died in Kurukshetra battle fighting for his father.           
   Irwan is great folk hero of Haridwar.


Reference: Mahabharata, Bhishma Parva 331   
Copyright (Interpretation) @ Bhishma Kukreti, 30/5/2013
Folklore, Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Kumaon-Garhwal-Haridwar (Uttarakhand) to be continued…42 
Epic, Marathon, Classic, Impressive, Grand, Mahabharata Folklore, Folktales, Folk Stories of Haridwar,   Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand to be continued…3 
   
Curtsey and references:
Dr. Krishna Nand Joshi, Kumaon ka Lok Sahitya (Folklore texts of Kumaon)
 Dr Trilochan Pandey, Kumaoni Bhasha aur Uska Sahity(Folklore literature of Kumaon )
Dr Siva Nand Nautiyal, Garhwal ke Lok Nrityageet  (Folk Songs and Folk dances of Garhwal )
Dr Govind Chatak, Garhwali Lokgathayen (Folklore of Garhwali)
Dr. Govind Chatak, Kumaoni Lokgathayen (Folklore of Kumaoni)
Dr Urvi Datt Upadhyaya, Kumaon ki Lokgathaon ka Sahityik Adhyayan (Literary review of Folklore of Kumaon)
Dr. Dip Chand Chaudhri, 1995, Askot ka Palvansh , Gumani Shodhkendra, Uprada, Gangalighat
Dr. Prayag Joshi, Kumaon Garhwal ki Lokgathaon ka Vivechnatmak Adhyayan (Critical Review of Folklore of Kumaon and Garhwal)
Dr Dinesh Chandra Baluni, Uttarakhand ki Lokgathayen (Folklore of Uttarakhand)
Dr Jagdish (Jaggu) Naudiyal, Uttarakhand ki Sanskritik Dharohar, (Partially Folklore of Ravain) 
Ramesh Matiyani ‘Shailesh’ 1959, Kumaun ki Lok Gathayen
Abodh Bandhu Bahuguna, Dhunyal (Folklore and Folk Songs of Garhwal)
Shambhu Prasad Bahuguna, Virat Hriday
Kusum Budhwar, 2010, Where Gods Dwell: Central Himalayan Folktales and Legends 
C.M. Agarwal , Golu Devta, 1992, The God of Justice of Kumaon Himalayas
N.D .Paliwal, 1987, Kumaoni Lok Geet
E.S. Oakley and Tara Datt Gairola 1935, Himalayan Folklore
M.R.Anand, 2009, Understanding the Socio Cultural experiences of Pahadi folks: Jagar Gathas of Kumaon and Garhwal
Dr. Pradeep Saklani, 2008, Ethno archeology of Yamuna Valley
Shiv Narayan Singh Bisht, 1928, Gadhu Sumyal, Banghat , Pauri Garhwal
Kumaon: Kala, Shilp,aur Sanskriti         www.himvan.com/webpages/dana.htm
Anjali Kapila (2004), Traditional health Practices of Kumaoni women
Bhishma Kukreti, Garhwali Lok Natkon ke Mukhy Tatva va Vivechana
Helle Primdahi, 1994, Central Himalayan Folklore: folk Songs in Rituals of the Life Cycle
Hemant Kumar Shukla, D.R. Purohit, 2012, Theories and Practices of Hurkiya Theater in Uttarakhand, Language in India Vol.12:5: 2012 Page 143- 150
Dev Singh Pokhariya, 1996, Kumauni Jagar Kathayen aur Lokgathayen
Madan Chand Bhatt, 2002, Kumaun ki Jagar Kathayen 
Bhishma Kukreti, Garhwal ki Lok Kathayen, Alaknanda Prakashan
Bhishma Kukreti, Notes on History, Folk Literature of Haridwar
Notes on Mahabharata Folktale, Folk Hero from Haridwar; Mahabharata Folktale, Folk Hero from Kankhal, Haridwar; Mahabharata Folktale, Folk Hero from Laksar, Haridwar; Mahabharata Folktale, Folk Hero from Subhashgarh, Haridwar; Mahabharata Folktale, Folk Hero from Roorkee, Haridwar; Mahabharata Folktale, Folk Hero from Mohand, Haridwar; Mahabharata Folktale, Folk Hero from Biharigarh,  Haridwar; Mahabharata Folktale, Folk Hero from Sakrauda, Haridwar; Mahabharata Folktale, Folk Hero from Bhgawanpur, Haridwar; Mahabharata Folktale, Folk Hero from Jabarhera, Haridwar; Mahabharata Folktale, Folk Hero from Manglaur, Haridwar; Mahabharata Folktale, Folk Hero from Pathri,  Haridwar; Mahabharata Folktale, Folk Hero from Sultanpur, Haridwar; Mahabharata Folktale, Folk Hero from Jwalapur,  Haridwar; Mahabharata Folktale, Folk Hero from Alipur, Haridwar; Mahabharata Folktale, Folk Hero from Badshahpur, Haridwar; Mahabharata Folktale, Folk Hero from Pitpur, Haridwar; Mahabharata Folktale, Folk Hero from Bhogpur, Haridwar; Mahabharata Folktale, Folk Hero from Alawaipur, Haridwar Mahabharata Folktale, Folk Hero from Narsan, Haridwar; Mahabharata Folktale, Folk Hero from Chhapar, Haridwar;         


Bhishma Kukreti

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Jagdev Panwar Jagar: The Chivalry Folklore about Sacrificing Life for Honor 
Folklore, Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Kumaon-Garhwal, Uttarkahnd-16
 Chivalry, Gallantry, Graciousness Folklores, Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand – 1 
                                         Bhishma Kukreti
   The Uttarakhand cultural historian Dinesh Baluni states that the first Panwar king of Panwar dynasty was Kankpal who was crowned for Chandpur Gadhi in 888AD. He states that the folk story of Jagdev is before Kanakpal.
          However, this author found three other folk stories related to name Jagdev Panwar of Dhara and surprisingly, there are similarities among all folk stories of Jagdev Pnawar –that is Garhwali version folklore of Jagdev, Akhnoor or Dhara Nagri folklore of Jagdev Panwar, Dhara Nagri folk sayings by Bhat and Pahasnu (Rampur Pargana of Saharanpur district) folklore of Jagdev Panwar. There is no historical proof available for all four 9including Garhwali) folklore about Jagdev Panwar.
                       Jagdev Panwar who founded Panwar dynasty in Akhnoor kingdom
King Udayaditya (Vikramiditya clan) of Malwa, Dhar had two wives. The valerian Jagdev was son from Solankin queen. The other queen Baghelin did not want that Jagdev become crown prince and she arranged conspiracy. Jagdev and his wife had to leave the court.  Jaisingh was the competent general of Udayditya.
  Jagdev did deep mediation for Jagdamba (Mahakali). Goddess Kankali asked the head of Jagdev from his wife. The head of Jagdev was given to Kankali. Kankali took head to heaven and showed the sacrifice to devtas. Later, Kalinka joined head with Jagdev body made Jagdev live.
  Later on due to dispute Jagdev migrated to Himalayan belt at Akhnoor, Jammu and Kashmir.  Jagdev Panwar established his kingdom at Virat Nagri (2 -3 kilometers away from Akhnoor) in 1096 AD. Jagdev was devotee of Amba goddess and after the death of Jagdev, the name of Wrat Nagri was changed as Ambaraian.
                              Folklore sung by Bhats of Dhara Nagri
There is another saying that Jagdev Panwar cut his head for seven times and offered to goddess on Sunday 1095AD.The said Dhar folklore by Bhat says-
इग्यारा सौ इकाणवे चैत  सुदी रविवार।
जगदेव शीस समापियो धारा नगर पवार।।
There is mention of Jaisingh Chaukyal who married his daughter to Jagdev (from wikimapedia.org>india> Madhya Pradesh)
                           Khuber Folklore of Pahasnu, Saharanpur about Jagdev Panwar
  G.G. Raheja tells the folk stories of Jagdev Panwar from village Pahansu of Saharanpur district. The king Jaisal was greatest king and King Jagdev Panwar was smaller king. Every day, the wife of Bhat used to come for dan (donation or gift) to Jaisal court. One day she came when Jagdev Panwar was also sitting in court of Jagdev. Bhat woman told to Jaisal that Jagdev Panwar was greater donor (dan data). Jaisal told to Bhat woman and asked to go Jagdev Panwar house to collect donation (dan) and he (Jaisal) would offer ten times more donation (dan) than Jagdev Panwar.
  Jagdev Panwar told the story of court to his wife. The wife was worried as Jagdev Panwar was smaller king and smaller by wealth too. Jagdev told his wife that Panwar fellow would never be defeated in ‘dan’(donation) too.
In morning, Jagdev took bath and became ready to offer donation (dan) to Bhat woman. When Bhat woman came, Jagdev Panwar cut his head and offered his head to Bhat woman as ‘dan’(donation). Bhat woman went to jaisal court and when Jaisal king came to know that Jagdev offered his head as ‘dan’, the king Jaisal accepted defeat.
The Bhat woman returned to house of Jagdev Panwar with his head and she returned back the head of Jagdev Panwar to his wife. The queen then joined the head of Jagdev Panwar to his body and prayed Go Bhagwan, “Give my husband the gift of life.” Bhagwan made Jagdev Panwar live.

                   Garhwali – Kumaoni version of Jagdev Panwar Folklore
  The Garhwali Jagar version of Jagdev Jagar starts from the conference of deities. The portion of Jagdev Panwar Jagar is as follows-

         कुमाऊं और गढ़वाल की लोक गाथाएँ -16 
 
जगदेव पंवार जागर : भडौ , कटकू या पांवड़ा
(सन्दर्भ: डा हरी दत्त भट्ट 'शैलेश', गढ़वाली भाषा और उसका साहित्य ) 
 
पंच देवों  की सभा लगीं छई
शिवजी ध्यान मा छा,देवी छई पार्वती
सभा का मुकुट तिरलोकी नारैण
तब इन बैन बोल्दा
क्वी दुनिया मा इनो वीर भी होलो
जो शीश काटिक दान देलो
जैन शीश को दान दीण
वैन गढ़वाल को राज लीण
वरवी बैठीं छई चंचु भाट की बेटी कैड़ी कंकाली
तब बोल्दा भगवान हे कैड़ी कंकाली
दुनिया को तौल दु , पृथ्वी भाऊ
क्वी दुनिया मा शीश काटीक दान भी देलो
तू रंदी कंकाली मृत्यु मंडल मा
मै ल्यूलो भगवान पृथ्वी को भेद
तब कैड़ी कंकाली मृत्यु मंडल औंदी
वै मलासीगढ़ में रंद छयो वींको बाबा चंचु  भाट   
कैड़ी कंकाली छै मलासीगढ़ की प्यारी
मन की मयाळी छै वा कैड़ी कंकाली
xxx            xxx 
तब चौहानी राणी न करदी वींको
दियुं दान नी लियेंदु , थुक्युं थूक नि चटेंदू
तब देवतोंन वीं धड पर ही हैंकु सर उपजाए
सेता -पिंगला चौंळ मारिन
जीतो होई गये जगदेव पंवार
देवतौन तब वे गढ़वाल को राज दिने
वचन चले दिल राई , जयसिंह सभाई
वचन रहा जगदेव पंवार का जिसने
सर काट कंकाली को दिया
गढ़वाल देश को राज लिया   
           There is deity conference and was attended by lord Shiva and goddess Parvati. In the deity conference, Narayan announced that who would offer he would be given Garhwal kingdom.
          Goddess Kalika devi  (Kankali) became responsible to find such person who would offer his own head. In the form of beggar Kalika went to Dhara Nagari where two brothers Jaidev and Jagdev lived.
          Seeing the beggar Kalika, Jaidev went away for hunting as he was very miser.  Second brother Jagdev invited Kalika for ‘dan’. Jagdev asked his wives about what they were offering to beggar. All queens except Chauhani queen became ready to offer food and money. Chauhani was ready to offer her head.
              Chauhani queen became ready in male dress and stood before her husband Jagdev Panwar and told him that she would sacrifice her life. Jagdev Panwar became enthusiastic. Jagdev Panwar took his golden sword and cut his head.
   Kalika put the head of Jagdev Panwar in her Kamandal (jug) and went to deity land (heaven). Looking at the head of jagdev, Narayan became pleased. All deities came to Dhara Nagari with the head of Jagdev. Deities joined the head of Jagdev. Chauhani queen refused to take back the donated head. Deities created new head and joined it to body. Deities performed Mantra ritual and Jagdev became alive. Deities offered Jagdev the land of Garhwal for ruling. Jagdev Panwar ruled Garhwal happily. 
Two following references are also important for this write up and that are-
1-Gloria Goodwin Raheja, 1988, The Poison in the Gift: Ritual, Prestation and the Dominant caste in North Indian Village, The University of Chicago Press (pages 21-24)
2-Jagdeva, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/jagdeva


Copyright (Interpretation) @ Bhishma Kukreti, 30/4/2013
Folklore, Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Kumaon-Garhwal, Uttarakhand to be continued…16

Chivalry, Gallantry, gracious Folklores, Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand to be continued…2   
Curtsey and references:
Dr. Krishna Nand Joshi, Kumaon ka Lok Sahitya (Folklore texts of Kumaon)
 Dr Trilochan Pandey, Kumaoni Bhasha aur Uska Sahity(Folklore literature of Kumaon )
Dr Siva Nand Nautiyal, Garhwal ke Lok Nrityageet  (Folk Songs and dances of Garhwal )
Dr Govind Chatak, Garhwali Lokgathayen (Folklore of Garhwali)
Dr. Govind Chatak, Kumaoni Lokgathayen (Folklore of Kumaoni)
Dr Urbi Datt Upadhyaya, Kumaon ki Lokgathaon ka Sahityik Adhyayan (Literary review of Folklore of Kumaon)
Dr. Prayag Joshi, Kumaon Garhwal ki Lokgathaon ka Vivechnatmak Adhyayan (Critical Review of Folklore of Kumaon and Garhwal)
Dr Dinesh Chandra Baluni, Uttarakhand ki Lokgathayen (Folklore of Uttarakhand)
Dr Jagdish (Jaggu) Naudiyal, Uttarakhand ki Sanskritik Dharohar, (Partially Folklore of Ravain) 
Abodh Bandhu Bahuguna, Dhunyal (Folklore and Folk Songs of Garhwal)
Shambhu Prasad Bahuguna, Virat Hriday
Kusum Budhwar, 2010, Where Gods Dwell: Central Himalayan Folktales and Legends 
C.M. Agarwal , Golu Devta, 1992, The God of Justice of Kumaon Himalayas
N.D .Paliwal, 1987, Kumaoni Lok Geet
E.S. Oakley and Tara Datt Gairola 1935, Himalayan Folklore
M.R.Anand, 2009, Understanding the Socio Cultural experiences of Pahadi folks: Jagar Gathas of Kumaon and Garhwal
Dr. Pradeep Saklani,2008, Ethnoarcheology of Yamuna Valley
Kumaon: Kala, Shilp,aur Sanskriti         www.himvan.com/webpages/dana.htm
Anjali Kapila (2004), Traditional health Practices of Kumaoni women


Bhishma Kukreti

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Rudi-Udi Jagar Gatha: Example of Masculinity/Manliness in Garhwali –Kumaoni folklore/ballad
           रुदी -ऊदी जागर :भडौ , कटकू, भड़वळि या पांवड़ा

Folklore, Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Kumaon-Garhwal, Uttarkahnd-17
 Chivalry, Gallantry, Graciousness Folklores, Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand –2 
                                         Bhishma Kukreti
  There are following types of Folklores or Jagar Gatha in Garhwali – Kumaoni folk literature-
1-Deity Folklore or Daivik Jagar Lok Gathayen
2-Pauranic Folklore or Pauranic Jagar Lok Gathayen 
3- Bravery Folklore of Veer, Bhad Jagar Lok Gathayen (Masculine or Manliness and feminine or femaleness folklore)
4-Love Stories Folklore or Prem Parinay ke Jagar Lok Gathayen
5-Misclenious folklore or Atririkt Jagar Lok Gathayen
  Main features of Masculine or maleness Garhwali –Kumaoni Folklore or Ballads 
                 The masculine or manliness Garhwali and Kumaoni folklores are the fine blends of fairy tales, historical tails, short stories, beliefs, superstitions, and messages and with full opportunities for poetic vitality and dancing. 
The Garhwali Kumaoni folklore masculine folklores incessantly provide voice from its earliest periods to the entire region (Uttarakhand), telling about hopelessness and then providing the suitable path. 
The Garhwali Kumaoni masculine/manliness folklores are rich in poetic genre of the time when they were created.
    The folklore creative used adjectives in such a way that audience understands it in wholeness. Economic uses of phrases are enough for making audience understanding the whole matter. 
   While singing the singers repeat the poetry and create the remarkable effects of alliteration.
  Kukreti details the dramatic structure found in Garhwali folk dramas and found that without knowing the knowledge of literature, folk literature creators were using every aspects of Natya Shastra literature in creating folk literature.
   There is always complete melody sense in Garhwali Kumaoni masculine/manliness folklores and are distinguished from other nearest regional (as Bijnaur, Saharanpur, Himachal Pradesh and Nepal) folklore melodies.
    The masculine characters of Garhwali Kumaoni masculine /manliness folklores are brave, definitely act as supernatural creatures. However, there is sense of real life effects in these bravery subject folklores too.  Usually, apart from supernatural acts, the brave men of Garhwali Kumaoni masculine/manliness folklores live the life of contemporary society.
Usually, it is seen that if male is king or prince in Garhwali Kumaoni masculine/manliness folklores, the king had several wives (barring some exceptions).
The main male character of Garhwali Kumaoni masculine/manliness folklores are brave, having sense of self identity, caring for family and society, respect to women especially his mother,  protector,  responsible, nurturing, spiritual, friendly, faithful, respectful, sensitive, trustful and a donor too.
               It is also found that main male character or hero besides perfect worrier, he also knows magic or Boksa Vidya etc in Garhwali Kumaoni masculine/manliness folklores.
 Violence is also part of bravery oriented Garhwali Kumaoni masculine/manliness folklores.
                                    Rudi-Udi Jagar Gatha
           Udi Sumayl Jagar is an example of maleness or masculinity if Garhwali Kumaoni folklores. The folklore of Rudi and Udi are taken from Gadhu Sumyal. It is said that Rudi and Udi were in mid of fourteen century. Udi was the father of bravest of braves Gadhu Sumyal. The folktale belongs to Lower Khimsari and Upper Khimsari near Rudrapur.  Rudi and Udi had been Thokdar of Khimsari Riyasat.
A few lines of Rudi-Udi Jagar are as -
                   कुमाऊं और गढ़वाल की लोक गाथाएँ/जागर -17   

रुदी -ऊदी जागर :भडौ , कटकू या पांवड़ा

 (सन्दर्भ: शिव नारायण सिंह बिष्ट , गढ़ु सुम्याळ )

कति सौ वर्ष हुईन , रुद्रपुर मा रुदी रौत
तलि खिमसरी हाट, रंदावो उदी रौत
एक दिन उदी चली गय रुद्रपुर मांझ
देखे वैन दिदा चिंता मा पोडियूं
ब्वद दिदा क्या च बात केकी च खैरी ?
क्य बिपद प्वड़े दीदा ऱे त्वेकू आज
इनि क्या बात छ जो हमसे नि ह्वे सकदी
दिदा हुकुम दे दे क्य कैरी धू आज
कै दुश्मन को सर काटीक लऊँ
कै रजवाड़ा को आज सफाचट कैरि द्यूं
जुल्म की बात जो मेरा रंदा चिंता हू वा,
हमारी माल की दूण अणसधि रई गय
हमारी माल की रस्याल बंद जो होई गय
उदी न सुणीन बैन गुस्सा चढ़ी ग्य
हमारी मौजदी मा, दूण रय अणसाधी
धिक्कार छ  हमकू, दूण जी नि साधी
दिदा जौंला दूण , लौला वींकू साधी
तली खिमसरीहाट आया उदी रौत
अपणी बोई मा बोल्द भड़ उदी रौत
दे दे आज्ञा हमकू, खुशी मन ह्वेका
जीति क औला दूण , दर्शन करला चरण का
इन बैन सूणी क , माता उंकी बोल दे
शाबाश बेटा मेरा , जावा दूण साध     
Long back, Rudi Raut was Thokdar of upper Khimsari and Udi Raut was Thokdar of lower Khimsari near Rudrapur.  One day, Udi Raut reached to Rudrapur and found his cousin elder brother Rudi worried.
Udi said,’ Brother! What is the matter that we can’t finish? You order me I shall put the beheaded head of our enemy at your feet. Whoever, kingdom you tell, I shall destroy it. Till my death you should not worry.” 
Rudi answered,” We are not successful to command Dun of mal (Valley of plains/Bhabhar) and nobody sends tax from there. We should correct the situation there.”
Listening, the answer, Udi became very angry. Udi said,” let us go to dun of mal and correct the situation”.
Udi came to his place Khimsari and told whole story about wrong happenings in Dun Mal (plain valley).  Udi asked blessing of his mother for correcting the situation in Dun Mal.
His mother said,” If you we e real my son, if you were real son of bravest of braves, you will defeat the enemies. The real dharma of Khsatriya is to win the battle.”
 After getting blessing from mother, both the brothers started journey on Raghuvanshi horses for Dun mal.
After reaching to dun mal, both worriers cut the heads of enemies as a human cuts banana trees.  There was bloodshed in Dun Mal. Both the brave men won the enemies and people paid taxes in the forms of wheat, cereals, ghee, milk and jewels. They sent the tax to Rudripur though transporters and messenger s.
The two brothers corrected the administration and started journey back to Khimsari. On the way, Rudi became greedy and he asked to Udi come slow while he would be going with messengers. Rudi ordered messengers to take all taxes to upper Khimsari.
Then Rudi stopped and waited for Udi. When Udi reached, Rudi said,” I divided the taxes in two parts and dispatched to Upper Khimsari and Lower Khimsari.”
 On the way, both the brothers rested at Gharat/Panchakki (grinding mill run by water). Udi was tired and he slept. Sinful Rudi killed sleeping Udi by throwing grinder of Gharat.
He reached to lower Khimsari and started weeping before his aunt (mother of Udi) and said,” We corrected the dun Mal but enemies killed Udi by deceptive methods. Now I am helpless without my brave brother”
The mother of Udi became sad and fell down on the ground. The wife of Udi became sad and fell on the ground. The wife of Udi wanted to burn her but being pregnant she did not perform sati (to burn herself).
Rudi said,” I shall take revenge for my brother’s death.” Rudi returned to his house.
After the death of Udi, the Udi family became poor.
However, the wife of Udi Kunjavati delivered a male child.  The astrologer named the child as Gadhu Sumyal. When Gadhu Sumyal became young he came to know the story of his father’s death.
Read Story  of Gadh Sumyal killing Rudi in next episode….


                       

Copyright (Interpretation) @ Bhishma Kukreti, 1/5/2013
Folklore, Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Kumaon-Garhwal, Uttarakhand to be continued…18

Chivalry, Gallantry, gracious Folklores, Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand to be continued…3   
Curtsey and references:
Dr. Krishna Nand Joshi, Kumaon ka Lok Sahitya (Folklore texts of Kumaon)
 Dr Trilochan Pandey, Kumaoni Bhasha aur Uska Sahity(Folklore literature of Kumaon )
Dr Siva Nand Nautiyal, Garhwal ke Lok Nrityageet  (Folk Songs and dances of Garhwal )
Dr Govind Chatak, Garhwali Lokgathayen (Folklore of Garhwali)
Dr. Govind Chatak, Kumaoni Lokgathayen (Folklore of Kumaoni)
Dr Urbi Datt Upadhyaya, Kumaon ki Lokgathaon ka Sahityik Adhyayan (Literary review of Folklore of Kumaon)
Dr. Prayag Joshi, Kumaon Garhwal ki Lokgathaon ka Vivechnatmak Adhyayan (Critical Review of Folklore of Kumaon and Garhwal)
Dr Dinesh Chandra Baluni, Uttarakhand ki Lokgathayen (Folklore of Uttarakhand)
Dr Jagdish (Jaggu) Naudiyal, Uttarakhand ki Sanskritik Dharohar, (Partially Folklore of Ravain) 
Abodh Bandhu Bahuguna, Dhunyal (Folklore and Folk Songs of Garhwal)
Shambhu Prasad Bahuguna, Virat Hriday
Kusum Budhwar, 2010, Where Gods Dwell: Central Himalayan Folktales and Legends 
C.M. Agarwal , Golu Devta, 1992, The God of Justice of Kumaon Himalayas
N.D .Paliwal, 1987, Kumaoni Lok Geet
E.S. Oakley and Tara Datt Gairola 1935, Himalayan Folklore
M.R.Anand, 2009, Understanding the Socio Cultural experiences of Pahadi folks: Jagar Gathas of Kumaon and Garhwal
Dr. Pradeep Saklani, 2008, Ethnoarcheology of Yamuna Valley
Shiv Narayan Singh Bisht, 1928, Gadhu Sumyal, Banghat , Pauri Garhwal
Kumaon: Kala, Shilp,aur Sanskriti         www.himvan.com/webpages/dana.htm
Anjali Kapila (2004), Traditional health Practices of Kumaoni women
Bhishma Kukreti, Garhwali Lok Natkon ke Mukhy Tatva va Vivechana

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 Gadhu Sumyal: Brave, Great Folk Legend of Garhwal and Kumaon

Folklore, Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Kumaon-Garhwal, Uttarkahnd-18
 Chivalry, Gallantry, Graciousness Folklores, Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand –3 
                                         Bhishma Kukreti
   Every society had legends, heroes in each time. For examples, Maui is famous legend of Hawaii.
Gadhu Sumyal is one of the great, brave folk legends of Kumaon and Garhwal. Uttarakhand cultural historian Dr. Dinesh Baluni states that Gadhu Sumyal was contemporary of Kumaoni king Gyan Chand (1374-1419AD).Gadhu Sumyal was son of Rudi Bhad..
The Jagar of Gadhu Sumyal starts as
       कुमाऊं और गढ़वाल की लोक गाथाएँ/जागर  -18   

गढू सुम्याळ जागर :भडौ , कटकू, भड़वळि    या पांवड़ा

सन्दर्भ: शिव नारायण सिंह बिष्ट , गढ़ु सुम्याळ, और हरी दत्त भट शैलेश  )

खिमसारी हाट रंदो गढू सुम्याळ,
मालू मा को माल होलो वो सुम्याळ
तखरिया माल होलू गढू त सुम्याळ
जैका बाबू , दादान तलवारी मारे
वैका  बेटा बि तरखार मारी लालो
खिमसारी हाट मा पड़े घुरमी अकाळ
 तड़फी तड़फी मरीन लोग उखड़ सी माछा
जागु जागु पड़ीन डाला का सा गेंडा
स्वागीण रांड ह्वैन   कोली का मरीन बाला
ज्वाती नी भुंचा कैन, जिंदगी नी भोगी
तड़ी -तपड़ी करी, कमाई सब खाई याले
भूख मरण लगै गढू सुम्याळ
चल मेरी जिया , लीला देइ
आरुणी जंगल जौला , जड़ी बूटी खौला
माता लेक तब गढू , माल ऐगे आरुणी जंगल
xxx    xxx
तब दीपकोट मा वैन
कोटू बोणो कर याले
बैरी को एक नि रखे
रिझाना को सी शेष
तब सुरमा लीक , गढ़ु सुम्याळ
खिमसारी  ऐगे
माता ने बालो भेंटे
ब्वारीन सासु का पैर छुंयाँ
खिमसारी कोट मा, बड़ो आनंद बढ़
मर्द मरी गैन , बोल रई गैन
मर्दु का पंवाडा , गाया गैन     
              Gadhu Sumyal was great brave man of Khimsari Hat. His father and forefathers were brave Bhad. Once, there was worse famine in the region. People started starving. Children died on their mother’s hands. Women became widow. There was severe food shortage in the hose of Gadhu Sumyal.
           Gadhu Sumyal suggested his mother Lilavati to migrate for Aruni forest.  Mother and son started living on forest produces. Lilavati remembers the buffalos and cows of Deepu the elder uncle of Gadhu. She advised Gadhu Sumyal to bring buffalo of Dipu by bartering her necklace. Gadhu went to his elder uncle with his mother’s necklace. Gadhu asks Dipu of Dipkot to give milk producing buffalo against gold necklace. Dipu got conspiracy idea to kill Gadhu Sumyal. Dipu tells his conspiracy idea to his sons. Dipu sent Gadhu Sumyal to jungle for taking buffalo. Gadhu went to jungle and sons of Dipu followed him. Sons of Dipu threw big stones on Gadhu Sumyal.  Gadhu Sumyal caught their hands and asked for buffalo. They gave buffalo to him. Gadhu Sumyal returned to Aruni forest taking buffalo on his arms. When Lilavati saw buffalo she started weeping as the buffalo was infertile and she was unable to produce milk. They prayed for god and buffalo started producing milk.
          Gadhu Sumyal was great flute player. One day, he was playing flute in forest. A princess Surma used to live nearby. Surma was attracted to music of flute playing by Gadhu Sumyal and became his lover in her own mind. She searched Gadhu Sumyal for nine days and nine nights.  At last she met Gadhu Sumyal. Gadhu took Surma and went before his mother. Gadhu Sumyal married to Surma. Prosperously, those three started live happily.
              Dip was very jealous seeing Gadhu’s prosperity. Dip thought again to destroy Gadhu Sumyal.  Dip went to his nephew and asked him to collect taxes from Talla Salan and Malla Salan (South of Garhwal is called Salan). Dipu told a lie to Gadhu Sumyal that Salanis killed his father Udi.  Gadhu was angry to hear the story and became ready to take revenge the killing of his father by Salanis. 
              Gadhu became ready with weapons and ammunition. Surma became unhappy to know her husband going to Salan. Surma advised her husband not to go Salan. However, Gadhu Sumyal made her understand.   Surma advised Gadhu not to walk aloof path and without checking not to sit on a cot.   
           Gadhu Sumyal started his journey for Salan by riding on horse.  Salanis came to know arrival of Gadhu Sumyal and they also made strategy to kill him. Salanis dig a long dike and put the cot on it. Gadhu Sumyal came and Salanis offered him to sit on cot. Gadhu checked the cot by his stick and found the conspiracy.  Gadhu Sumyal killed his enemies by swords. After winning Gadhu Sumyal added new taxes.
           There in Dipokot, Dipu made another conspiracy. He gave gold coins to maternal uncle of Surma and wanted to make Surma as his son’s wife. Surma’s maternal uncle called Surma to Dipkot. The marriage procession was ready. By any means, Surma was sat into Pinas.  The servants started to take Surma on Pinas.  Surma saw Gadhu cooking food. She threw stones on cooking food.  Gadhu recognized hands of his wife Surma.
       Gadhu reached to Pinas. Surma told the real story. Gadhu Sumyal became angry. Gadhu Sumyal killed Dipu and his seven sons.
  After killing enemies, Gadhu Sumyal reached Khimsari hat and met his mother. Surma touched her mother in law’s feet. There was joy ever where in Khimsari hat. Happily, joyfully all congratulated Gadhu Sumyal.

.
Copyright (Interpretation) @ Bhishma Kukreti, 2/5/2013
Folklore, Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Kumaon-Garhwal, Uttarakhand to be continued…19

Chivalry, Gallantry, gracious Folklores, Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand to be continued…4   
Curtsey and references:
Dr. Krishna Nand Joshi, Kumaon ka Lok Sahitya (Folklore texts of Kumaon)
 Dr Trilochan Pandey, Kumaoni Bhasha aur Uska Sahity(Folklore literature of Kumaon )
Dr Siva Nand Nautiyal, Garhwal ke Lok Nrityageet  (Folk Songs and dances of Garhwal )
Dr Govind Chatak, Garhwali Lokgathayen (Folklore of Garhwali)
Dr. Govind Chatak, Kumaoni Lokgathayen (Folklore of Kumaoni)
Dr Urbi Datt Upadhyaya, Kumaon ki Lokgathaon ka Sahityik Adhyayan (Literary review of Folklore of Kumaon)
Dr. Prayag Joshi, Kumaon Garhwal ki Lokgathaon ka Vivechnatmak Adhyayan (Critical Review of Folklore of Kumaon and Garhwal)
Dr Dinesh Chandra Baluni, Uttarakhand ki Lokgathayen (Folklore of Uttarakhand)
Dr Jagdish (Jaggu) Naudiyal, Uttarakhand ki Sanskritik Dharohar, (Partially Folklore of Ravain) 
Abodh Bandhu Bahuguna, Dhunyal (Folklore and Folk Songs of Garhwal)
Shambhu Prasad Bahuguna, Virat Hriday
Kusum Budhwar, 2010, Where Gods Dwell: Central Himalayan Folktales and Legends 
C.M. Agarwal , Golu Devta, 1992, The God of Justice of Kumaon Himalayas
N.D .Paliwal, 1987, Kumaoni Lok Geet
E.S. Oakley and Tara Datt Gairola 1935, Himalayan Folklore
M.R.Anand, 2009, Understanding the Socio Cultural experiences of Pahadi folks: Jagar Gathas of Kumaon and Garhwal
Dr. Pradeep Saklani, 2008, Ethnoarcheology of Yamuna Valley
Shiv Narayan Singh Bisht, 1928, Gadhu Sumyal, Banghat , Pauri Garhwal
Kumaon: Kala, Shilp,aur Sanskriti         www.himvan.com/webpages/dana.htm
Anjali Kapila (2004), Traditional health Practices of Kumaoni women
Bhishma Kukreti, Garhwali Lok Natkon ke Mukhy Tatva va Vivechana
This chapter contains the folk story of great folk legend of Uttarakhand; folk story of great folk legend of Pauri Garhwal Uttarakhand; folk story of great folk legend of Tihri Garhwal Uttarakhand; folk story of great folk legend of Chamoli Garhwal Uttarakhand; folk story of great folk legend of Rudraprayag Garhwal Uttarakhand; folk story of great folk legend of Uttarkashi Garhwal, Uttarakhand; folk story of great folk legend of Dehradun Garhwal, Uttarakhand; folk story of great folk legend of Hardwar Garhwal, Uttarakhand; folk story of great folk legend of Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; folk story of great folk legend of Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; folk story of great folk legend of Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; folk story of great folk legend of Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand; folk story of great folk legend of Bageshwar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; folk story of great folk legend of Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand

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Bhanu Bhaupelo: A Brave Folk Legendry of Garhwal and Kumaon (Uttarakhand)
Folklore, Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Kumaon-Garhwal, Uttarkahnd-19
 Chivalry, Gallantry, Graciousness Folklores, Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand –4 
                                         Bhishma Kukreti
             It is well known fact that every region has its own folk legendaries as Wilwal and Bucur Baceyr are respected folk legends of Somali. Shango, Yoruba, Oranyan, Oranmiyan are a few to name brave folk legendaries of Yorubaland, Africa. Hang Tuah is brave folk legendry of Malacca of Malaysia.
  There are many brave folk legends in Garhwal and Kumaon (Uttarakhand).  Bhanu Bhopelo was one of the brave legendry of the region. There is fight between Bhanu Bhopelo and King Guru Gyan Chand (1374-1419) in Bhanu Bhaupelo Gatha. The initiating Jagar lines are as follows-
कुमाऊं और गढ़वाल की लोक गाथाएँ/जागर  -19   


भानु भौंपेलो: भडौ , कटकू, भड़वळि    या पांवड़ा

(सन्दर्भ: डा चातक,  डा . नौटियाल और डा बलूनी  )

 हिंडवाणीकोट मा रंदो छयो हंसा हिंडवाण
वो त होलो अनमातो घनमातो
जैकी छन बार तिबारी बत्तीस नीम दरी
मट्टी जसो अन्न होलो, दुंग्यों जसो धन
बार छन बेटा जैका अठार छन नाती
 तब हिंडवाणीकोट मा पड़े बार बरस को अकाळ
देख  बडा पेड़ा , न लायन भूक
छोटा  न पड्यान दुःख
हिंडवाणीकोट मा कनी तराई मचीगे
रोंदा छन बरांदा भूखन नौना
देखी देखिक जिकुड़ी चिरेंदी
बत्तीसू कुटुम भूखन चचलाण  लैगै
बड़ो आदमी छयो हंसा  हिंडवाण 
बैकु शरम ऐगे अपणा आंसु पीगै
कैमू विपदा क्या लाण
कैमू मैन अब मांगणक जाण
बिपता का दिन अपणा भी होंदन पराया
 गाड़े वैन तब खोड़ की लगोठी
मीठो जहर डाळि , दिने बतीस कुटुम
तब बतीस कुटुम , वैको स्वर्गवास ह्वैगे
वैको बेटा भानु ममा कोट छयो जाएँ
तब लौटी आये, हिंडवाणीकोट मा
सुनो चौक देखे वैन सूनकार तिबारी
घूमद ऊँ बार तिबारियों , बाइस निमदारियों
 Dr. Chatak and Dr. Nautiyal provide full Jagar in their respective books.
       Hansa lived in Hindvanikot. He was very prosperous king. Hansa had twelve big courts and thirty two Buildings. Hansa had twelve sons and thirty two grandsons.
        Once, there was worse famine in Hindvanikot for twelve year. People started to die. The king Hansa and family also came under famine. Hansa could not bear the pain and shame of famine. He mixed poison with food and he and his whole family dies instantly.
         At that time, Bhanu Bhaupelo the brave son of Hansa was gone to his maternal uncle place .That was why Bhanu was safe.   
     Bhanu Bhaupelo came to his place Hindvanikot and was very sorry to see his dead family members.
             Bhanu Bhaupelo put off the princely dress and put the Malu leaves dress and started roaming different places. Bhanu Bhopelo reached Kalunikot. Saju Kaluni was the king of that area. Bhanu requested the king for jab the king provided him the job of grass cutting. One day, Bhanu Bhopelo reached to Dadamandi hills for grass.
         The daughter of Saju Kaluni Amravati used to live there. Amravati stopped Bhanu Bhopelo to walk on Dadamandi hills. Bhanu Bhaupelo told that he was servant of Saju and would not stop grass cutting. Amravati left her dangerous buffalo Chandubedu after Bhanu Bhopelo. Bhanu Bhopelo killed buffalo by his first fist. Amravati was amazed by his bravery. Amravati collected knowledge about Bhanu Bhopelo. Brave Bhanu Bhaupelo told his sad story to her.
 Amravati took Bhanu Bhopelo to her room and started playing dice. They were happy.
 The people sent message to King Saju Kaluni. Saju Kaluni engaged his daughter with the king of Gwadchhod guru Gyan Chand.
      Guru Gyan Chand became furious to hear the love story between Amravati and Bhanu Bhopelo. Guru Gyan Chand sent his army to Kalunikot. There was army everywhere on the street of Kalunikot. 
       Father of Amravati called Amravati for some auspicious performance to Kalunikot. When, by evening, Amravati did not return from Kalunikot to Dadamandi, Bhanu Bhaupelo reached to Dadamandi. Bhanu Bhaupelo saw Amravati on the eastern palace balcony.  Bhanu reached to her room with the help of Sari. The mother of Amravati cautioned Bhanu to return and wanted to make him fearful by showing the army of Guru Gyan Chand. Amravati and Bhanu Bhaupelo requested the queen for their love.  The queen put the condition for Bhanu Bhopelo to win the Mahakali horse from Ragdisarikot. Bhanu Bhaupelo accepted the condition. The distance between Dadamandi was for twelve years walk.
           Bhanu Bhaupelo covered the twelve years distance within three days by horse riding. Bhanu Bhopelo requested Mahkali horse to go with him. However, the horse hid himself into cloud and did hide for nine days. Bhanu Bhopelo the majestic horse by stick and Bhanu Bhopelo won the horse. Bhanu Bhaupelo took the horse and reached to Kalunikot. There, Bhanu Bhopelo saw that Guru Gyan Chand and Amravati were on Marriage Vedi. The female friends of Amravati were surrounding Amravati. Bhanu reached by horse near to Vedi. The soldiers of Guru Gyan Chand killed Bhanu Bhaupelo by draggers. Amravati was sad and left her on the happenings by God.
        Bhanu Bhaupelo s soul reached to heaven and he said to the Lord d that his body was in front of his enemies. Lord Vishnu provides him life. Bhanu Bhopelo became live and he took Amravati from Vedi. Bravely, Bhnau killed each enemy including Guru Gyan Chand, Saju Kaluni.
Pandavas including Kunti and Draupadi took part in the marriage of Bhanu Bhopelo and Amravati. 

Copyright (Interpretation) @ Bhishma Kukreti, 3/5/2013
Folklore, Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Kumaon-Garhwal, Uttarakhand to be continued…20 

Chivalry, Gallantry, gracious Folklores, Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand to be continued…5   
Curtsey and references:
Dr. Krishna Nand Joshi, Kumaon ka Lok Sahitya (Folklore texts of Kumaon)
 Dr Trilochan Pandey, Kumaoni Bhasha aur Uska Sahity(Folklore literature of Kumaon )
Dr Siva Nand Nautiyal, Garhwal ke Lok Nrityageet  (Folk Songs and dances of Garhwal )
Dr Govind Chatak, Garhwali Lokgathayen (Folklore of Garhwali)
Dr. Govind Chatak, Kumaoni Lokgathayen (Folklore of Kumaoni)
Dr Urbi Datt Upadhyaya, Kumaon ki Lokgathaon ka Sahityik Adhyayan (Literary review of Folklore of Kumaon)
Dr. Prayag Joshi, Kumaon Garhwal ki Lokgathaon ka Vivechnatmak Adhyayan (Critical Review of Folklore of Kumaon and Garhwal)
Dr Dinesh Chandra Baluni, Uttarakhand ki Lokgathayen (Folklore of Uttarakhand)
Dr Jagdish (Jaggu) Naudiyal, Uttarakhand ki Sanskritik Dharohar, (Partially Folklore of Ravain) 
Abodh Bandhu Bahuguna, Dhunyal (Folklore and Folk Songs of Garhwal)
Shambhu Prasad Bahuguna, Virat Hriday
Kusum Budhwar, 2010, Where Gods Dwell: Central Himalayan Folktales and Legends 
C.M. Agarwal , Golu Devta, 1992, The God of Justice of Kumaon Himalayas
N.D .Paliwal, 1987, Kumaoni Lok Geet
E.S. Oakley and Tara Datt Gairola 1935, Himalayan Folklore
M.R.Anand, 2009, Understanding the Socio Cultural experiences of Pahadi folks: Jagar Gathas of Kumaon and Garhwal
Dr. Pradeep Saklani, 2008, Ethnoarcheology of Yamuna Valley
Shiv Narayan Singh Bisht, 1928, Gadhu Sumyal, Banghat , Pauri Garhwal
Kumaon: Kala, Shilp,aur Sanskriti         www.himvan.com/webpages/dana.htm
Anjali Kapila (2004), Traditional health Practices of Kumaoni women
Bhishma Kukreti, Garhwali Lok Natkon ke Mukhy Tatva va Vivechana
This chapter comprises brave Folk legendry of Dadamandi region; brave Folk legendry of Jhatri Dadamandi region; brave Folk legendry of Sainj Dadamandi region; brave Folk legendry of Bhalgaon Dadamandi region; brave Folk legendry of Bhelda Bada Dadamandi region; brave Folk legendry of Banali Dadamandi region; brave Folk legendry of Sirain village Dadamandi region; brave Folk legendry of Quwata village Dadamandi region; brave Folk legendry of Birmoli village Dadamandi region; brave Folk legendry of Dhudfud Dadamandi region; brave Folk legendry of Birmoli village Dadamandi region.

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Raja Birma Katyur: The legend in Kumaoni and Garhwali Jagar 
Folklore, Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Kumaon-Garhwal, Uttarkahnd-20
 Chivalry, Gallantry, Graciousness Folklores, Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand –5 
                                         Bhishma Kukreti
  It is said that at the time of king  Garud Gyan Chand (1419-) the Katyur dynasty strated declining there were many small Katyuri kings in Kumaon. Birmi Katyuri was the king of Khimsari Hat. His Rawats used to collect taxes from Bhabhar to Bhot territory.
कुमाऊं और गढ़वाल की लोक गाथाएँ/जागर  -20   

राजा बिरमा कत्यूर : भडौ , कटकू, भड़वळि  या पांवड़ा
( सन्दर्भ:  : त्रिलोचन  पांडे, कुमाउंनी भाषा और उसका साहित्य )

खिमसारी हाट रौनी मिल चौरी पाट
अचारी लगाई , बीबी ढुकाई ओ दरी दीवाना
मोहल्ल  मुसद्दी , रेती परजा , राणि बौराणि
राजा बरमा की नारिंगा , सारिंगा , भौरंगा रौतेली
छपना पातर . भोल दिना बार म्हैणा की ऋतु ऐगे
 स्वार बिरादर को सोइ रोपा है गो
हमर स्यारौ को नऊवैनी ढाईण
घर में बुढ़ी मै छी , राजा बिरमै की
आपू रैगी राजा बिरमा डोटीगढ़ में
 डोटीगढ़ में छी राणी मिरदुला डोट्याइ
वींका ध्वाखा में रैगो घरै की खोज खबरै  नै
त बुढ़िया रात दिन राजा बिरमा की बाटै चै रे
रात की नीन टूटि गे , दिन की भूख
 एक पूतौ छी, एक आंख को उज्याव छी
पर राजा बिरमै देवै की डोरी गढ़ वै
मरि ज्युनै की क्वी खबरा नि मिली
तब बूढ़ी जिया लै माठौ कागद भेजो जोइया
भेजो अपण भिखा पहरिया
तब बाटा लागो भिखा पहरिया
रात रात दिन दिन कै डोटीगढ़ में
तब डोटीगढ़ में छी नागी भागी मल
डोटीगढ़ का पैका छीया
तौ तनरी राणी हली नंदुला डोट्याइ
दूध जसी जून होली , पुन्यूं जसी चान
तब रैगी राजा बिरमा नंदुला का ध्वाखा में   

   There was paddy plantation in the month of Ashadh. Birma king was in Dotigadh and his mother was alone. There was Mirdula a Dotiyal girl. Birma  did not care for his mother and kingdom.
    Old mother of Birma Katyur was waiting Birma to come back from Dotiyalgadh. She was very much worried for Birma. She was unaware whether Birma was dead or alive. She sent Bikiya messenger with letter to Dotigarh. Bikiya reached Dotigarh. There was very beautiful Nandula a Dotiyal girl. She was fair as milk and bright as moon. Birma was in love with her.
     Bhikiya handed over the letter of his mother to Birma. In the letter, the mother of Birma cautioned him not be entangled with the love of girl. She sent message that the work of paddy plantation of others is completed but his paddy plantation is yet to begin.
    Birma became aware of his duties and was ready to go back his kingdom.
Nandula started weeping. Birma said that very soon he would come back.
  The Jagar discusses the real role of king and cautions people not to be trapped with naughty girls.
 
Copyright (Interpretation) @ Bhishma Kukreti, 5/5/2013
Folklore, Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Kumaon-Garhwal, Uttarakhand to be continued…21 

Chivalry, Gallantry, gracious Folklores, Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand to be continued…6   
Curtsey and references:
Dr. Krishna Nand Joshi, Kumaon ka Lok Sahitya (Folklore texts of Kumaon)
 Dr Trilochan Pandey, Kumaoni Bhasha aur Uska Sahity(Folklore literature of Kumaon )
Dr Siva Nand Nautiyal, Garhwal ke Lok Nrityageet  (Folk Songs and dances of Garhwal )
Dr Govind Chatak, Garhwali Lokgathayen (Folklore of Garhwali)
Dr. Govind Chatak, Kumaoni Lokgathayen (Folklore of Kumaoni)
Dr Urbi Datt Upadhyaya, Kumaon ki Lokgathaon ka Sahityik Adhyayan (Literary review of Folklore of Kumaon)
Dr. Prayag Joshi, Kumaon Garhwal ki Lokgathaon ka Vivechnatmak Adhyayan (Critical Review of Folklore of Kumaon and Garhwal)
Dr Dinesh Chandra Baluni, Uttarakhand ki Lokgathayen (Folklore of Uttarakhand)
Dr Jagdish (Jaggu) Naudiyal, Uttarakhand ki Sanskritik Dharohar, (Partially Folklore of Ravain) 
Abodh Bandhu Bahuguna, Dhunyal (Folklore and Folk Songs of Garhwal)
Shambhu Prasad Bahuguna, Virat Hriday
Kusum Budhwar, 2010, Where Gods Dwell: Central Himalayan Folktales and Legends 
C.M. Agarwal , Golu Devta, 1992, The God of Justice of Kumaon Himalayas
N.D .Paliwal, 1987, Kumaoni Lok Geet
E.S. Oakley and Tara Datt Gairola 1935, Himalayan Folklore
M.R.Anand, 2009, Understanding the Socio Cultural experiences of Pahadi folks: Jagar Gathas of Kumaon and Garhwal
Dr. Pradeep Saklani, 2008, Ethnoarcheology of Yamuna Valley
Shiv Narayan Singh Bisht, 1928, Gadhu Sumyal, Banghat , Pauri Garhwal
Kumaon: Kala, Shilp,aur Sanskriti         www.himvan.com/webpages/dana.htm
Anjali Kapila (2004), Traditional health Practices of Kumaoni women
Bhishma Kukreti, Garhwali Lok Natkon ke Mukhy Tatva va Vivechana


Bhishma Kukreti

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  Jiyarani Jagar:  The Jagar (Ritual Folk Song) of a female legend
Folklore, Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Kumaon-Garhwal, Uttarkahnd-21
 Chivalry, Gallantry, Graciousness Folklores, Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand –6 
                                         Bhishma Kukreti
        Jiyarani Jagar Gatha is famous near Haldwani of Kumaon region.  Jiyarani was the queen of Kumaon king Prithwipal (around fourteenth century). In her memory, there is a fair in Ranibagh Haldwani, Kumaon in the month of January. 
  The Jagar of Jiyarani starts as -
कुमाऊं और गढ़वाल की लोक गाथाएँ/जागर  -21   


जियारानी की गाथा : भडौ , कटकू, भड़वळि  या पांवड़ा जागर
सन्दर्भ; दीप चंद  चौधरी, अस्कोट का  पालवंश  पृष्ठ -13 -17

आ  .....आ..... जिया  ........आ
नीलकंठ माज धरमवंती जिया
महादेव ज्यून की तीन ला बैणी छिन
जेठी छी गंगादेइ मांजिलो जिया
निकासि कन्नरा
गंगदेइ विवाई छ राजा पृथ्वी साईं
xxx   xxx   xxx
आ  .....आ ..... जिया  ........आ
राजा पिथुर हिन रुक्क भेजी हाछ
आब खैरागढ़ बठि मैं विवाई लिजाव
राजा पिथुर छियो अस्सी बरस को
निमाउंती जिया छि ऊ बार बरषै की
बार बरषै की कन्या को रुक्क आइ  रयोछ
राजा पिथुर जो छ मुल-मुल हंस छ
लाद कर सेक वाको पुट फर पट्यौलो   
आँखों का भंवरी च्यूं गाँठी दि रौछ
xxx    xxx     xxx
आ  .....आ ..... जिया  ........आ
तुरक को घोड़ो आछ
वाको केश तै का खुटा फंसी ग्योछ
नाप नूप वाले जब छै गज नौ वेद
भूरा तुरक कणी खबर है गैछ
आओ म्यार फौंज कूंछ
जाको यो केश हय
वींके खोजी ल्यावो
          The story of Jiyarani Jagar states that once, the queen Jiyarani was bathing in a river at Chitrashila  near Ranibagh  . Her hair flew into river and reached far away to a Sayad who pulled the hair and kidnapped the queen Jiyarani.  The eighty year old king Prithvipal tried his best to free his queen from Turk Sayyad but failed to do so.
  Jiyarani put her condition to Pathan Turk Sayyad that if her army would get free her before twelve year he would marry her afterwards.
   Under the leadership of prince Hathiya Kunwar , the nine lakhs Kumaoni armed forces reached there to get free Jiyarani. Hathiya Kunwar got free the queen Jiyarani.
 There is other folk tale about Jiyarani that she became Sati (burning with her husband dead body).
 

Copyright (Interpretation) @ Bhishma Kukreti, 6/5/2013
Folklore, Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Kumaon-Garhwal, Uttarakhand to be continued…22 

Chivalry, Gallantry, gracious Folklores, Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand to be continued…7   
Curtsey and references:
Dr. Krishna Nand Joshi, Kumaon ka Lok Sahitya (Folklore texts of Kumaon)
 Dr Trilochan Pandey, Kumaoni Bhasha aur Uska Sahity(Folklore literature of Kumaon )
Dr Siva Nand Nautiyal, Garhwal ke Lok Nrityageet  (Folk Songs and dances of Garhwal )
Dr Govind Chatak, Garhwali Lokgathayen (Folklore of Garhwali)
Dr. Govind Chatak, Kumaoni Lokgathayen (Folklore of Kumaoni)
Dr Urbi Datt Upadhyaya, Kumaon ki Lokgathaon ka Sahityik Adhyayan (Literary review of Folklore of Kumaon)
Dr. Dip Chand Chaudhri, 1995, Askot ka Palvansh , Gumani Shodhkendra, Uprada, Gangalighat
Dr. Prayag Joshi, Kumaon Garhwal ki Lokgathaon ka Vivechnatmak Adhyayan (Critical Review of Folklore of Kumaon and Garhwal)
Dr Dinesh Chandra Baluni, Uttarakhand ki Lokgathayen (Folklore of Uttarakhand)
Dr Jagdish (Jaggu) Naudiyal, Uttarakhand ki Sanskritik Dharohar, (Partially Folklore of Ravain) 
Abodh Bandhu Bahuguna, Dhunyal (Folklore and Folk Songs of Garhwal)
Shambhu Prasad Bahuguna, Virat Hriday
Kusum Budhwar, 2010, Where Gods Dwell: Central Himalayan Folktales and Legends 
C.M. Agarwal , Golu Devta, 1992, The God of Justice of Kumaon Himalayas
N.D .Paliwal, 1987, Kumaoni Lok Geet
E.S. Oakley and Tara Datt Gairola 1935, Himalayan Folklore
M.R.Anand, 2009, Understanding the Socio Cultural experiences of Pahadi folks: Jagar Gathas of Kumaon and Garhwal
Dr. Pradeep Saklani, 2008, Ethnoarcheology of Yamuna Valley
Shiv Narayan Singh Bisht, 1928, Gadhu Sumyal, Banghat , Pauri Garhwal
Kumaon: Kala, Shilp,aur Sanskriti         www.himvan.com/webpages/dana.htm
Anjali Kapila (2004), Traditional health Practices of Kumaoni women
Bhishma Kukreti, Garhwali Lok Natkon ke Mukhy Tatva va Vivechana
This chapter contains about Jiyarani Jagar (Devotional folk songs) of Kumaon; Jiyarani Jagar (Devotional folk songs) of Haldwani, Kumaon; Jiyarani Jagar (Devotional folk songs) of Sitarganj, Kumaon; Jiyarani Jagar (Devotional folk songs) of Rudrapur, Kumaon; Jiyarani Jagar (Devotional folk songs) of Sitarganj, Kumaon; Jiyarani Jagar (Devotional folk songs) of Kashipur, Kumaon; Jiyarani Jagar (Devotional folk songs) of Kicchha, Kumaon; Jiyarani Jagar (Devotional folk songs) of Kathgodam, Kumaon; Jiyarani Jagar (Devotional folk songs) of Kaldhungi, Kumaon; Jiyarani Jagar (Devotional folk songs) of halrakhan , Kumaon; Jiyarani Jagar (Devotional folk songs) of taikota, Kumaon; Jiyarani Jagar (Devotional folk songs) of Bhowali, Kumaon; 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 


Bhishma Kukreti

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Ranjit-Daljit Jagar Gatha: a Kumaoni Folklore about valor, Bravery, Faithfulness to the King
Folklore, Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Kumaon-Garhwal, Uttarkahnd-22
 Chivalry, Gallantry, Graciousness Folklores, Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand –7 
                                         Bhishma Kukreti
 The Kumaon chivalry folklore Ranjit-Daljit seems to be of the time of Kumaoni king Guard Gyan Chand. Taimur Lang attacked Delhi in 1390. The Delhi Badshah Muhammad Tuglak titled the King Gyan Chand as Garud Gyan Chand.   
The part of Ranjit-Daljit folklore Jagar Gatha is as under-   

कुमाऊं और गढ़वाल की लोक गाथाएँ/जागर  -22 


रणजीत -दलजीत जागर गाथा : भडौ , कटकू, भड़वळि  या पांवड़ा जागर

( सन्दर्भ: डा प्रयाग जोशी , कुमाउंनी लोक गाथाएँ ,भाग -3 )
वीरोकोट में रणजीत -दलजीत द्वी भाई बै रयान
द्वी द्योराणी -जेठाणी यारो धन -धन मेरा पैगों ज्यू
ऊँन ऊँन जोलिया पुजौ बोरी कोट में
जोलिया बोरज्यु में कुंछ महाराज तुम हणी
दिल्ली बाशा को  परवाण ऐ रौ
मुग़ल पठान ऐ गयीं दिल्ली में
 पौण बली , घुण खुटी हजम मर्द चैन पडी खन
पाती दी आयूँ कुमू राजबूंगी हिन यारो
रणजीत -दलजीत बोर जोलियै खउनंन पेऊनन
'तु जू यार दिल्ली , राजै शेवड़ि हिन
हमि कित उल भोल कित उल साल यारो धन धन मेरा पैगौ ज्यू
ठाडो उठौ जोलिया न्हैगे अपणा बाट
जोधा रणजीत -दलजीत कुनन आपणी स्यैणिन थै
राज मुंणी रून छ। राज मुंणी   खान छ। बिना राजा कसि कै रई
तुमि सुजा बोरियौ हमरि लकुड़ी यारो
धन मेरा पैगोज्यू मादरिया कुण में
सुजैण पैग्यान जुनूणिया पाणि
तामा की तौली में जुतण पैगीन अधैनि
मर्दन की लकुड़ी हुन्छि फूल यारो धन मेरा पैगोज्यू
  xxx            xxx                      xxx
  हमर  पहाडू दिन में सर्ग तारा नि देखी छीं
दिल्ली में देखिनी दिन में इ तारा
मुग़ल पठान आसमान देखनन यारो तारा
रणजीत -दलजीत अब चाई गर्दन झाड़ी खितनन यारो
तिमासा मडुवा बाला जासा काटनी यारो
सिरकाटी बुटलि ल्यूँनी राजा का हाजिर।   धन मेरा पैगोज्यू         
    O! Bhumi ke Bhumyal! Jimi ke Jmaindar! , That ke Kurmi devta ! Bless us for good rain and ample of water in canal.
        Which is the largest river/? Which is the best direction? Who is the King of Kings? Who is great among Badshah? Which Tree is the greatest tree? Which animal is great among animals?
      Sarswati River is great. East is the best. Mahadev is greatest among deities. Banyan tree is the greatest among trees. Kumaoni king is king of kings and Delhi Badshah is Badshah of Badshahas.
              The greater Kshatriya are Gaida of east, Kaida, Dhoni, Dhanak, Mahar, Fartyal, Rana and Rawat of west. There were twenty bothers Bafaul in Bafaulkot; Jagat Singh and Sangat Singh Padyar live in Padyarikot. Solu-Molu Goldar were in Pali Pachhaun. Twenty two brothers Chaiti were in Chaitkot. Seven brothers Barkhani Son were born in Talli-Malli Agar. Maidua Son was born in Son ki Dungari. Sarua Dahaila was born in Dahlikot. Samyau Heet lived in Samlikot. Ranjit Singh and Daljit Singh were two sons of Ramsingh in Borikot.

       On that time, Moghal Pathans attacked Delhi king. They started repress Delhi. It was difficult position for Delhi residents.  Delhi Badshah stopped talking water and food. He was worried. Delhi Badshah asked his counselors,” Search brave warriors for me.”

 The messangers of Delhi Badshah reached Borikot. They searched brave warriors. Two brave warriors ranjit Singh and Daljit Singh were chatting in their home with their wives.
  The messenger told them that Delhi Badshah sent message for them to come Delhi to help Badshah as Moghul Pathans attacked Delhi.
       Brave warriors Ranjit Singh and Daljit Singh told to their wives that they had to live under king and king was is everything for them. Ranjit Singh and Daljit Singh asked their wives to make dressing ready. The wives washed the dressings in boiling water.
        The wives cooked fifty two cousins, and thirty six deserts.  The wives informed Ranjit Singh and Daljit Singh about meal and dresses were ready.
        Ranjit Singh and Daljit Singh took meal and started smoking. The hundred burning coal were on Heavy hukka. The Hukka farsi was nine yard long and pipe was six yard in length.
 Both the warriors put Ghimsaani Mauje and Paijama. They put Reshmi feta, Kalabandi fenta and Putliya turban. They sharpened swords. With swords, both the warriors started journey for Delhi.
 Very soon, they reached to Delhi Badshah.
They saluted Badshah and knew the problems. Badshah told that there would be face to face fight between them and Moghul Pathans at Girikhet. Ranjit Singh and Daljit Singh assured about winning over Moghul Pathans.
 The face to face fight started between Moghul Pathans and Ranjit Singh and Daljit Singh. There was intermission in between the fight.
  After, intermission Ranjit Singh and Daljit Singh told to Moghul Pathans that they (Ranjit Singh and Daljit Singh) never saw stars in day time as they were seeing stars in the sky in day time in Delhi. Every Pathan started to look at sky. Ranjit Singh and Daljit Singh cut the head of each Pathan. Ranjit Singh and Daljit Singh collected the cut heads of Pathans and took those heads to Delhi Badshah.
 Badshah and others appreciated the bravery of Ranjit Singh and Daljit Singh. Badshah said,” Thank you.Kumaoni warriors! You are greatest warriors”     

Copyright (Interpretation) @ Bhishma Kukreti, 7/5/2013
Folklore, Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Kumaon-Garhwal, Uttarakhand to be continued…22 

Chivalry, Gallantry, gracious Folklores, Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand to be continued…8   
Curtsey and references:
Dr. Krishna Nand Joshi, Kumaon ka Lok Sahitya (Folklore texts of Kumaon)
 Dr Trilochan Pandey, Kumaoni Bhasha aur Uska Sahity(Folklore literature of Kumaon )
Dr Siva Nand Nautiyal, Garhwal ke Lok Nrityageet  (Folk Songs and dances of Garhwal )
Dr Govind Chatak, Garhwali Lokgathayen (Folklore of Garhwali)
Dr. Govind Chatak, Kumaoni Lokgathayen (Folklore of Kumaoni)
Dr Urbi Datt Upadhyaya, Kumaon ki Lokgathaon ka Sahityik Adhyayan (Literary review of Folklore of Kumaon)
Dr. Dip Chand Chaudhri, 1995, Askot ka Palvansh , Gumani Shodhkendra, Uprada, Gangalighat
Dr. Prayag Joshi, Kumaon Garhwal ki Lokgathaon ka Vivechnatmak Adhyayan (Critical Review of Folklore of Kumaon and Garhwal)
Dr Dinesh Chandra Baluni, Uttarakhand ki Lokgathayen (Folklore of Uttarakhand)
Dr Jagdish (Jaggu) Naudiyal, Uttarakhand ki Sanskritik Dharohar, (Partially Folklore of Ravain) 
Abodh Bandhu Bahuguna, Dhunyal (Folklore and Folk Songs of Garhwal)
Shambhu Prasad Bahuguna, Virat Hriday
Kusum Budhwar, 2010, Where Gods Dwell: Central Himalayan Folktales and Legends 
C.M. Agarwal , Golu Devta, 1992, The God of Justice of Kumaon Himalayas
N.D .Paliwal, 1987, Kumaoni Lok Geet
E.S. Oakley and Tara Datt Gairola 1935, Himalayan Folklore
M.R.Anand, 2009, Understanding the Socio Cultural experiences of Pahadi folks: Jagar Gathas of Kumaon and Garhwal
Dr. Pradeep Saklani, 2008, Ethnoarcheology of Yamuna Valley
Shiv Narayan Singh Bisht, 1928, Gadhu Sumyal, Banghat , Pauri Garhwal
Kumaon: Kala, Shilp,aur Sanskriti         www.himvan.com/webpages/dana.htm
Anjali Kapila (2004), Traditional health Practices of Kumaoni women
Bhishma Kukreti, Garhwali Lok Natkon ke Mukhy Tatva va Vivechana


Bhishma Kukreti

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 Natiya Jagar Gatha: Folklore of a Brave legend of Jaunsar Bawar
Folklore, Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Kumaon-Garhwal, Uttarkahnd-23
 Chivalry, Gallantry, Graciousness Folklores, Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand –8 
                                         Bhishma Kukreti
  There are many folk tales related to attack of Moguls on Uttarakhand. There had been many attacks on Jaunsar Bawar western Indian Kings. The present Natiya Jagar folklore is about great brave (Bhad) of Jaunsar Bawar region and the time seems to be around Aurangzeb (seventeenth century).
  The following stanzas are taken from Natiya Jagar Gatha.

कुमाऊं और गढ़वाल की लोक गाथाएँ/जागर -23 

नतिया जागर गाथा : भडौ , कटकू, भड़वळि  या पांवड़ा, जागर

(सन्दर्भ: डा प्रयाग जोशी , कुमाऊं -गढ़वाल की लोक गाथाओं का विवेचनात्मक अध्ययन )

खाओ थो सिपाहियों तुमे राजेरो नूण
फोड़ेसी रे तसीलदा राजेपूत कुंण
मड़े रे मड़ाइये केडी रे मड़ाए
येती आगू हारुल नतीरामेरी आये
आया बल नतीराम मरेली घूम
गज गज माटी उड़ घोड़ रा सूम
आया बल मुगेल बहुता कि थोडा
नौ लाख मुगेल छ लाख घोड़ा
बाई बाश घुघुती दाहिनी केराई
एशा जोगा खाशिया देऊ मुगले फेराई     
         The king challenged the braves,” You al brave fighters are devoted to the kingdom (Taken salts). Moguls attacked our kingdom. Let us see who bravest soldier of Kalsi is?” The army chief of Pauntha was afraid due to Mogul Attack.
            There are nine lakhs Mogul soldiers and Six laks Mogul hordes riders. The king sends message all over kingdom about Mogul attack on the country. Natiya was resident of Maletha village. Natiya got the message and he started to reach the king.
             Natiya worshipped village goddess and remembered khsetrpal deity ‘ Mahasu’ deity and offered silver coin to ‘Mahasu ‘ deity temple before starting journey. There was dust by his horse speedy run. There was sound by his horse running in valleys, hills. Within shortest possible time, Natiya reached to the king.
         Natiya asked the king for the reason calling him to the capital. The king told that there was mogul attack on the kingdom and kingdom requires brave soldiers.  The king told that after winning over Mogul he would offer the soldierth e rule of Kalsi and Baunth-Bajari. The king also promised prize of one Asharfi for each enemy head. There were other prizes for soldiers from the king for winning the enemy.
       Natu Ram (natiya) asked the fast horse and w two edged sword from king.
      Brave of Braves Natiya started his journey towards Mogul army at Paunth valley. Before journey he worshipped at Dhara Nayani temple. There, he asked blessing of his kingdom from goddess Jatmari Devi. He took bath into Yamuna.
          Natiya fought with great bravery with Mogul army. Natiya beheaded the heads of Mogul soldiers with ease.  Natiya fought the battle courageously and won the battle.

Copyright (Interpretation) @ Bhishma Kukreti, 9/5/2013
Folklore, Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Kumaon-Garhwal, Uttarakhand to be continued…23 

Chivalry, Gallantry, gracious Folklores, Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand to be continued…9   
Curtsey and references:
Dr. Krishna Nand Joshi, Kumaon ka Lok Sahitya (Folklore texts of Kumaon)
 Dr Trilochan Pandey, Kumaoni Bhasha aur Uska Sahity(Folklore literature of Kumaon )
Dr Siva Nand Nautiyal, Garhwal ke Lok Nrityageet  (Folk Songs and dances of Garhwal )
Dr Govind Chatak, Garhwali Lokgathayen (Folklore of Garhwali)
Dr. Govind Chatak, Kumaoni Lokgathayen (Folklore of Kumaoni)
Dr Urbi Datt Upadhyaya, Kumaon ki Lokgathaon ka Sahityik Adhyayan (Literary review of Folklore of Kumaon)
Dr. Dip Chand Chaudhri, 1995, Askot ka Palvansh , Gumani Shodhkendra, Uprada, Gangalighat
Dr. Prayag Joshi, Kumaon Garhwal ki Lokgathaon ka Vivechnatmak Adhyayan (Critical Review of Folklore of Kumaon and Garhwal)
Dr Dinesh Chandra Baluni, Uttarakhand ki Lokgathayen (Folklore of Uttarakhand)
Dr Jagdish (Jaggu) Naudiyal, Uttarakhand ki Sanskritik Dharohar, (Partially Folklore of Ravain) 
Abodh Bandhu Bahuguna, Dhunyal (Folklore and Folk Songs of Garhwal)
Shambhu Prasad Bahuguna, Virat Hriday
Kusum Budhwar, 2010, Where Gods Dwell: Central Himalayan Folktales and Legends 
C.M. Agarwal , Golu Devta, 1992, The God of Justice of Kumaon Himalayas
N.D .Paliwal, 1987, Kumaoni Lok Geet
E.S. Oakley and Tara Datt Gairola 1935, Himalayan Folklore
M.R.Anand, 2009, Understanding the Socio Cultural experiences of Pahadi folks: Jagar Gathas of Kumaon and Garhwal
Dr. Pradeep Saklani, 2008, Ethnoarcheology of Yamuna Valley
Shiv Narayan Singh Bisht, 1928, Gadhu Sumyal, Banghat , Pauri Garhwal
Kumaon: Kala, Shilp,aur Sanskriti         www.himvan.com/webpages/dana.htm
Anjali Kapila (2004), Traditional health Practices of Kumaoni women
Bhishma Kukreti, Garhwali Lok Natkon ke Mukhy Tatva va Vivechana














Bhishma Kukreti

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Ajua Bafaul Jagar Gatha: Chivalry Folk Tale-Songs (Jagar) of Pithoragarh, Kumaon 

Folklore, Folk Legends, Folk Myths, Jagar of Kumaon-Garhwal, Uttarkahnd-25
 Chivalry, Gallantry, Graciousness Folklores, Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand –10 
                                         Bhishma Kukreti
                  There has been Chivalry folk songs created in every Age and in very zone of the world. For example, the following Ireland/Scotland/England folk song is very popular 
I was born in battle’s fire
Laid besides my mother’s corpse
My toys the ravens of the filed 
My lullabies the screams of horse
             Dorothy Scarborough and Ola Lee Gulledge (1925) provide much chivalry based African folk songs in their book –On the Trails of Negro Folk Songs.
 Ajuba Bafaul Jagar Gatha: Chivalry Folk Songs (Jagar) of Champawat, Kumaon 
   Bhad Ajuba Baufal is said to be one of the great brave of King Bharti Chand time (1437-1450)in Kumaon. On that time the king of Doti Garh were called the king of Kali. Therefore, Bharti Chand was called Kali Chand too.  The queen Dotiyalan killed twenty two brave Baufaul brothers by conspiracy.
 The part of Ajuba Bafaul Jagar (folk tale-Song) is as -


कुमाऊं और गढ़वाल की लोक गाथाएँ/जागर  -25 

अजूबा बफौल जागर वीर गाथा : भडौ , कटकू, भड़वळि  या पांवड़ा, जागर

सन्दर्भ : डा उर्वी  दत्त उपाध्याय, कुमाऊं की लोक गाथाओं का सांस्कृतिक और सांस्कृतिक अध्ययन


सुण मेरा स्वामी , धिक्कार है जाओ
सुनु को छतर , माटा की है गोछ
छन दिन की रात चम्पावत भै छ,
तै धनुष है भलो, ग्वाला की गुलयाड़ी
तै कटार है भलो, भंगला का सेटों
बैस यौ बिसौला, नाम छ बफौला
मेरो सत भाव , तीने ले डसो छ
एकदसी बरत पितरों सराद
कसी कै करुलो, बरमन ज्यूनार
गढ़ी चम्पावत क्या मुख देखूलो
                Five deities (Panch Devta) met at Gurusthali of Panchchuli. They were interested to visit auspicious Badrinath-Kedranath temples. The five deities played game for passing the time.  Five deities created four balls. The balls were full of power, valor, and devotion to Guru. The deities threw four powerful balls into all four directions.  When balls were exploded four brave wrestlers were born. Those brave men came there and bowed before their creators- five deities. The brave men said,”O deities! We are your slaves. Please order us for serving you. Why did you create us?”
           The five deities said that they are Vairagi and they created four brave men just for fun. The five deities asked the brave men to wrestle for deity’s fun.  The four brave wrestlers started fighting with each other. The brave men were agitating earth, were cutting mountains by teeth; were cutting trees by their nails. They fought with each other for seven days and seven nights. At the end, the Mall (Brave man) from east direction won the fight.  All four brave men came to five deities and said,” O lords! By fighting for seven days and seven nights, we are hungry and thirsty.”

    The deities answered,” We take Bhashma (ash). If you desire you may take Bhashma.”
        The brave men said,” Don’t talk as if you were blind. We are like giant require that type of food. O deities!  You either arrange food for us or kill us or tell us the names of four brave men that we fight with them and die.”

                Deities thought that it was sin to kill own creation. The deities advised,” O Brave men!  The Nepali Chand is the king of Champawat Garh.  There are nine lakhs happy citizens with the king. There are twenty two brave (Mall) and unconquerable Bafaul brothers in the court of Champawat Garh. These brave men take nine tons breakfast and one hundred tons lunch. Every Bafaul is capable of taking hundred -two hundred feet long stone. You go the court of Chand king. The king may provide you food or you may fight with compatible competitors.”

            The four brave men started journey for Champawat Garh in hope of great fight and sufficient food. Wherever those brave men used to sit there was land slid. The river used to dry after their taking water from river. Wherever they walked the land became contour farms.
        The queen was a Dotiyalin. She was very cunning. The slyness queen kept eyes on Bafaul brothers. One day she said to Bafaul Brothers,” You twenty two brothers are brave men. However, you are useless. Being so brave you serve the king. On the contrary, you should kill the king and should become the king. I shall become your queen.”
            The twenty two Bafaul brothers denied the request of the queen to kill the king.
     The Dotiyalin queen became angry. She was afraid that Bafaul brothers might complained to the king about her conspiracy. The Dotiyalin queen felt insulted and wants to take revenge.  The queen complained to the king that Bafaul brothers tried to rape her. She said to the king that now, she could not take Vrat (fast) or was unable to perform the rituals.
     The king became angry and he called butchers for killing all Bafaul brothers.  The butchers killed all Bafaul brothers while they were sleeping.
  There in Bafauli kot, there was queen Dudkela the wife of eldest Bafaul brothers. Dudkela was seven months pregnant She wanted to become Sati (burn with the dead body of husband). The queen was making preparation for becoming sati. The son inside uterus told her mother,” you want to burn insect inside wood. I am your only child. Save me for the Bafaul future generation.” The queen Dudkela stopped the program of becoming Sati. She went to her parent place.
             The queen got a male child. She wanted to provide milk her child by taking her on her thigh. The child said that he would take milk only after he took revenge of her father and uncle’s killings. 
              On fifth day of the child delivery, the child disappeared. Weeping, Dudkela went to her father. Father said angrily that the child was born in inauspicious time (Mool Nakshatra) and was notorious. He informed that child made blind people by his sight only. The people became paralyzed just because of his site.
         The queen came back to Bafaul Kot with her child.
                  At the same time, the brave men of deities came to Champawat Garh.   When those brave men created by deities used to walk people used to feel earthquake. Those four brave men came to the king. The king asked the brave men,” From where are you come?”
       The brave men answered,” we are the creation of five deities of Panchchuli. Either you arrange food for us or arrange brave men to fight with us.”
  The king Kalichand answered,” Now, Champawat Garh is without brave men. You take food and dress as per your choice in Champawat.”
 They used to take twenty ton food lunch. They used to put on twenty two yard long cap. The four brave men cautioned the king that till he arranged fighter to fight with them nobody would milk, no woman would comb, nobody would shave. The king was afraid.
              Ajua Bafaul was living with his mother. He threw a ton heavy stone towards Champawat. That stone fell in the food vessel of those brave men.  The stone made big ditches everywhere. The brave men became surprised to find braver man in Champawat. Those brave men asked the king about the brave man. The king became worried.
    The king called his minister Kaluva. The king told that all twenty two Bafaul brave men are killed by me. There was no brave man to fight with four brave men sent by deities. The minister said that the throwing of ton heavy stone showed that it was the work of Bafaul brave man. The minister Kaluva asked the king to request Bafaul child for mercy. 
   The minister with other wise men went to Bafualkot. They said the story to Ajuba Bafaul about four brave men residing in Champawat that due to those brave men conditions every work was stalled in Champawat.  Mother Dudkela cautioned her son about those people the killer of his father and uncles. 
 Ajuba Bafaul put his condition that after his freeing Champawat from those deity’s brave men the king had to sit in court with one side moustache and without crown  and the queen Dotiyalin would come to Bafaulkot as maid servant.
  Ajuba Bafaul came to Champawat Garh; Ajuba Bafaul stopped the food for four brave men. Those brave men became angry. Ajuba Bafaul killed those four brave men created by deities for fun. As per condition of Ajuba Bafaul the king sat in the court with one sided moustache and without crown. The queen Dotiyalin became the maid servant of great brave man Ajuba Bafaul.
 Now, Champawat was free from four brave men and now the cow started milking, the cows started grazing, the women started combing. The people praised Ajuba Bafaul by blowing Shankha.
 
Copyright (Interpretation) @ Bhishma Kukreti, 11/5/2013
Folklore, Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Kumaon-Garhwal, Uttarakhand to be continued…26 

Chivalry, Gallantry, gracious Folklores, Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand to be continued…11   
Curtsey and references:
Dr. Krishna Nand Joshi, Kumaon ka Lok Sahitya (Folklore texts of Kumaon)
 Dr Trilochan Pandey, Kumaoni Bhasha aur Uska Sahity(Folklore literature of Kumaon )
Dr Siva Nand Nautiyal, Garhwal ke Lok Nrityageet  (Folk Songs and dances of Garhwal )
Dr Govind Chatak, Garhwali Lokgathayen (Folklore of Garhwali)
Dr. Govind Chatak, Kumaoni Lokgathayen (Folklore of Kumaoni)
Dr Urvi Datt Upadhyaya, Kumaon ki Lokgathaon ka Sahityik Adhyayan (Literary review of Folklore of Kumaon)
Dr. Dip Chand Chaudhri, 1995, Askot ka Palvansh , Gumani Shodhkendra, Uprada, Gangalighat
Dr. Prayag Joshi, Kumaon Garhwal ki Lokgathaon ka Vivechnatmak Adhyayan (Critical Review of Folklore of Kumaon and Garhwal)
Dr Dinesh Chandra Baluni, Uttarakhand ki Lokgathayen (Folklore of Uttarakhand)
Dr Jagdish (Jaggu) Naudiyal, Uttarakhand ki Sanskritik Dharohar, (Partially Folklore of Ravain) 
Abodh Bandhu Bahuguna, Dhunyal (Folklore and Folk Songs of Garhwal)
Shambhu Prasad Bahuguna, Virat Hriday
Kusum Budhwar, 2010, Where Gods Dwell: Central Himalayan Folktales and Legends 
C.M. Agarwal , Golu Devta, 1992, The God of Justice of Kumaon Himalayas
N.D .Paliwal, 1987, Kumaoni Lok Geet
E.S. Oakley and Tara Datt Gairola 1935, Himalayan Folklore
M.R.Anand, 2009, Understanding the Socio Cultural experiences of Pahadi folks: Jagar Gathas of Kumaon and Garhwal
Dr. Pradeep Saklani, 2008, Ethnoarcheology of Yamuna Valley
Shiv Narayan Singh Bisht, 1928, Gadhu Sumyal, Banghat , Pauri Garhwal
Kumaon: Kala, Shilp,aur Sanskriti         www.himvan.com/webpages/dana.htm
Anjali Kapila (2004), Traditional health Practices of Kumaoni women
Bhishma Kukreti, Garhwali Lok Natkon ke Mukhy Tatva va Vivechana
Helle Primdahi, 1994, Central Himalayan Folklore: folk Songs in Rituals of the Life Cycle
This chapter contains the folk story of Folk brave woman of Uttarakhand; folk story of Folk brave woman of Pithoragarh, Uttarakhand; folk story of Folk brave woman of Askot, Pithoragarh, Uttarakhand; folk story of Folk brave woman of Jauljibi, Pithoragarh, Uttarakhand; folk story of Folk brave woman of Baram, Pithoragarh, Uttarakhand; folk story of Folk brave woman of Chiplakot, Pithoragarh, Uttarakhand; folk story of Folk brave woman of Najurkot, Pithoragarh, Uttarakhand; folk story of Folk brave woman of Chpladhura ,Pithoragarh, Uttarakhand; folk story of Folk brave woman of Dhamigaon , Pithoragarh, Uttarakhand; folk story of Folk brave woman of Didihat, Pithoragarh, Uttarakhand; folk story of Folk brave woman of near region of  Dharchula,Nepal; folk story of Folk brave woman of Singali, Pithoragarh, Uttarakhand.









 

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