Uttarakhand > Uttarakhand History & Movements - उत्तराखण्ड का इतिहास एवं जन आन्दोलन
गढ़वाल का इतिहास 1223-1804 AD- History of Garhwal Region from 1223-1804 AD
Bhishma Kukreti:
History of Garhwal Army led by Lodi Rikhola defeating Sirmaur (Himachal Pradesh) Army
History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -132
History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -379
By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)
After settling the peace in Salan, South Garhwal, Garhwal King Mahipat or Mahipati Shah sent Army General Lodi Rikhola to stop looting in Dehradun valley. The looters from Sirmaur region (Himachal Pradesh) were disturbing subjects of Doon valley.
Capable administrator Lodi Rikhola repressed the looters of Sirmaur those used to loot Doon valley regularly. Lodi Rikhola captured the forts of Kalsi Garh, Jaunsar (old capital of Sirmaur), Kani Garh, Bairat Garh and other nearby forts. After that, Sirmaur King Mat Prakash or Mandhata Prakash could never free those forts from Garhwal Kingdom.
According to Bhakt Darshan, Lodi Rikhola dispatched looters of Sirmaur from Garhwal region with brave and also cruel methods.
Lodi Rikhola entered into Sirmaur region and killed the looters and their bosses. Lodi Rikhola spread the terror in Sirmaur that the king promised to stop looters going to Garhwal.
According to Bhakt Darshan, the terror of Lodi Rikhola in Sirmoor, Sirmmour or Srimor was so terrible that the people took vow that till they don’t produce a Bhad as brave and strong Lodi Rikhola for taking revenge from Garhwal, their women would not have Nada in their Petikot and they would not have ‘Ghur’ on the house roof. This folk story is just a self praising story common in Garhwal.
Sad Death of Lodi Rikhola
After the successful campaign in Tibet, South Garhwal and west Dehradun, Lodi Rikhola became very powerful general in Shrinagar court. His rivals became worried. The rivals of Lodi Rikhola killed Lodi Rikhola by conspiracy. Lodi was killed by wound of sword.
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 29/6/2014
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -380
References
1-Dr. Shiv Prasad Dabral, 1971, Uttarakhand ka Itihas Bhag-4, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda, Pauri Garhwal, India
2-Harikrishna Raturi, Garhwal ka Itihas
3-Dr. Patiram, Garhwal Ancient and Modern
4-Rahul Sankrityayan, Garhwal
5- Oakley and Gairola, Himalayan Folklore
6- Bhakt Darshan, Garhwal ki Divangit Vibhutiyan
7-Foster, Early Travels in India William Finch
8-Upadhyaya, Shri Shankaracharya
9-Shering, Western Tibet and British
10-H.G. Walton, Gazetteer of British Garhwal
11-B.P.Kamboj, Early Wall Paintings of Garhwal
12-H.g Walton, Gazetteer of Dehradun
13- Vimal Chandra, Prachin Bharat ka Itihas
14-Meera Seth, Wall Paintings of Western Himalayas
15-Furar, Monumental Antiquities
16-Haudiwala, Studies in Indo-Muslim History
17- Rahul Khari 2007, Jats and Gujjar Origin, History and Culture
18- Upendra Singh, 2006, Delhi: Ancient History, Barghahan Books
19- B.S. Dahiya, 1980, Jats the Ancient Rulers (A Clan Study) , Sterling Publications
20- Maithani, Bharat –Gotrapravardeepika
21 Prem Hari Har Lal, 1993, The Doon Valley Down the Ages
22-Dashrath Sharma, Early Chauhan Dynasties
23- Shailndra Nath Sen, Ancient History and Civilization
24-H.M Elliot, 1867, The History of India as told by its Own Historians
25- Jaswant Lal Mehta, 1979, Advance Study in Medieval India
26- Nau Nihal Singh, 2003, The Royal Gurjars: their contribution to India, Anmol Publications
27- H. Blochmann, 1873, Aine e- Akbari Translation
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter
Notes on South Asian Medieval History of Garhwal; SouthAsian Medieval History of Pauri Garhwal; Medieval History of Chamoli Garhwal; South Asian Medieval History of Rudraprayag Garhwal; South Asian Medieval History of Tehri Garhwal; Medieval History of Uttarkashi Garhwal; South Asian Medieval History of Dehradun, Garhwal; Medieval History of Haridwar ; South Asian Medieval History of Manglaur, Haridwar; South Asian Medieval History of Rurkee Haridwar ; South Asian Medieval History of Bahadarpur Haridwar ; South Asian History of Haridwar district to be continued
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History of Garhwal Army led by Lodi Rikhola defeating Sirmaur (Himachal Pradesh) Army in context History of Garhwal and History of Sirmaur, Himachal; History of Garhwal Army led by Lodi Rikhola defeating Sirmaur (Himachal Pradesh) Army in context History of Dehradun Garhwal and History of Majra, Sirmaur, Himachal; History of Garhwal Army led by Lodi Rikhola defeating Sirmaur (Himachal Pradesh) Army in context History of Chamoli Garhwal and History of Bhagni Sirmaur, Himachal; History of Garhwal Army led by Lodi Rikhola defeating Sirmaur (Himachal Pradesh) Army in context History of Uttarkashi Garhwal and History of Amboa Sirmaur, Himachal; History of Garhwal Army led by Lodi Rikhola defeating Sirmaur (Himachal Pradesh) Army in context History of Tehri Garhwal and History of Renuka, Sirmaur, Himachal; History of Garhwal Army led by Lodi Rikhola defeating Sirmaur (Himachal Pradesh) Army in context History of Rudraprayag Garhwal and History of Kolar, Sirmaur, Himachal; History of Garhwal Army led by Lodi Rikhola defeating Sirmaur (Himachal Pradesh) Army in context History of Jaunsar Garhwal and History of Sataun, Sirmaur, Himachal; History of Garhwal Army led by Lodi Rikhola defeating Sirmaur (Himachal Pradesh) Army in context History of west Bhabhar Garhwal and History of Andher, Sirmaur, Himachal; History of Garhwal Army led by Lodi Rikhola defeating Sirmaur (Himachal Pradesh) Army in context History of Chakrata Garhwal and History of Sirmaur, Nahan Himachal;
Bhishma Kukreti:
History of Garhwal Army led by Madho Singh Bhandari attacking on Basher or Bushahar (Himachal Pradesh)
History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -133
History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -380
By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)
For Garhwal King Mahipati or Mahipat Shah, looting from Daba, Tibet was a disturbing factor. It was necessary that that Basher (Bashahar, Bushahar,Bushahr) and Baspa valley under Garhwal rule to overcome Daba Tibet problem. By capturing Baspa valley, Kinnaur and Basher could fetch the rule over the prosperous trade of salt, Borax, gold dust, wool and many herbs between Tibet and Basher Kingdom.
Basher is above north of Shimal, east of Spiti, west of Tibet and Garhwal. Basher Kingdom was established by a Rana Thakur at the time of Ajypal with the help of Garhwali soldiers. The last official prince of Basher was present Himachal Pradesh Chief Minister Beer Bhadra Singh.
King Kehari Singh of Basher (1554) established his capital in Rampur. Kehari Singh forced Tibet King to have treaty. Kehri Singh also helped Tibet King at the time of Kashmir attack on Tibet.
Kehri Singh and Tibet King started a joint Trade fair Oli or Lavi Fair in Rampur in November (Kartik after Deepawali) around 1554. This trade fair is still held every year in Rampur.
Mahipati or Mahipat Shah sent his army led by Chief Army Staff Madho Singh to capture Basher Kingdom. Basher Kingdom was very powerful Kingdom.
Garhwali Army under the leadership of Madho Singh Bhandari marched from Shrinagar to Baspa valley via Harshil and followed same root that shepherd use from Himachal to Harshil (Garhwal) today too.
From Garhwal border Army entered into Baspa via Shringkantha Mountain. Garhwal army crossed Baspa River. Garhwal Army captured Chitkal, Sangla of Baspa Valley, of Kinnaur.
Garhwali Army captured Kalpa, Chini and reached Pangi.
Here in Pangi (Himachal) the well experienced army of Basher Kingdom was there to fight back with Garhwal army. There was fierce battle between Basher Army and Garhwal Army. Madho Singh Bhandari was seriously wounded in the battle. It was sure that Madho Singh would die. Before dying, Madho Singh told his principle subordinates not to disclose his death at any cost. If his death was disclosed the Basher army would not leave any Garhwali soldier alive. Madho Singh advised his subordinates to keep his body under the oil roasted cloth in a boxand to perform his funeral in Haridwar.
Dead Madho Singh body was kept in oil wet cloth in a wooden box and army started backing from battle field slow and slowly.
Garhwal Army reached back to Garhwal border without winning the battle with dead Madho Singh Bhandari.
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 30/6/2014
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -381
References
1-Dr. Shiv Prasad Dabral, 1971, Uttarakhand ka Itihas Bhag-4, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda, Pauri Garhwal, India
2-Harikrishna Raturi, Garhwal ka Itihas
3-Dr. Patiram, Garhwal Ancient and Modern
4-Rahul Sankrityayan, Garhwal
5- Oakley and Gairola, Himalayan Folklore
6- Bhakt Darshan, Garhwal ki Divangit Vibhutiyan
7-Foster, Early Travels in India William Finch
8-Upadhyaya, Shri Shankaracharya
9-Shering, Western Tibet and British
10-H.G. Walton, Gazetteer of British Garhwal
11-B.P.Kamboj, Early Wall Paintings of Garhwal
12-H.g Walton, Gazetteer of Dehradun
13- Vimal Chandra, Prachin Bharat ka Itihas
14-Meera Seth, Wall Paintings of Western Himalayas
15-Furar, Monumental Antiquities
16-Haudiwala, Studies in Indo-Muslim History
17- Rahul Khari 2007, Jats and Gujjar Origin, History and Culture
18- Upendra Singh, 2006, Delhi: Ancient History, Barghahan Books
19- B.S. Dahiya, 1980, Jats the Ancient Rulers (A Clan Study) , Sterling Publications
20- Maithani, Bharat –Gotrapravardeepika
21 Prem Hari Har Lal, 1993, The Doon Valley Down the Ages
22-Dashrath Sharma, Early Chauhan Dynasties
23- Shailndra Nath Sen, Ancient History and Civilization
24-H.M Elliot, 1867, The History of India as told by its Own Historians
25- Jaswant Lal Mehta, 1979, Advance Study in Medieval India
26- Nau Nihal Singh, 2003, The Royal Gurjars: their contribution to India, Anmol Publications
27- H. Blochmann, 1873, Aine e- Akbari Translation
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter
Notes on South Asian Medieval History of Garhwal; SouthAsian Medieval History of Pauri Garhwal; Medieval History of Chamoli Garhwal; South Asian Medieval History of Rudraprayag Garhwal; South Asian Medieval History of Tehri Garhwal; Medieval History of Uttarkashi Garhwal; South Asian Medieval History of Dehradun, Garhwal; Medieval History of Haridwar ; South Asian Medieval History of Manglaur, Haridwar; South Asian Medieval History of Rurkee Haridwar ; South Asian Medieval History of Bahadarpur Haridwar ; South Asian History of Haridwar district to be continued
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History of Garhwal Army led by Madho Singh Bhandari attacking on Basher or Bushahar (Himachal Pradesh); History of Garhwal Army led by Madho Singh Bhandari attacking on Basher or Bushahar (Himachal Pradesh) in context History of Harsil Garhwal, History of Basher Himachal Pradesh; History of Tibet; History of Garhwal Army led by Madho Singh Bhandari attacking on Basher or Bushahar (Himachal Pradesh) in context History of Uttarkashi Garhwal, History of Bapsa valley Himachal Pradesh; History of Tibet; History of Garhwal Army led by Madho Singh Bhandari attacking on Basher or Bushahar (Himachal Pradesh) in context History of Yamunotri region Garhwal, History of Kinnaur Himachal Pradesh; History of Tibet; History of Garhwal Army led by Madho Singh Bhandari attacking on Basher or Bushahar (Himachal Pradesh) in context History of Purola Garhwal, History of Sangla Himachal Pradesh; History of Tibet; History of Garhwal Army led by Madho Singh Bhandari attacking on Basher or Bushahar (Himachal Pradesh) in context History of Nanal Garhwal, History of Chitkul, Kinnaur, Himachal Pradesh; History of Tibet; History of Garhwal Army led by Madho Singh Bhandari attacking on Basher or Bushahar (Himachal Pradesh) in context History of Garhwal, History of Kalpa Kinnaur, Himachal Pradesh; History of Tibet; History of Garhwal Army led by Madho Singh Bhandari attacking on Basher or Bushahar (Himachal Pradesh) in context History of Garhwal, History of Chinni, Kinnaur Himachal Pradesh; History of Tibet; History of Garhwal Army led by Madho Singh Bhandari attacking on Basher or Bushahar (Himachal Pradesh) in context History of Garhwal, History of Pangi, Kinnaur Himachal Pradesh; History of Tibet;
Bhishma Kukreti:
Characteristics of Great Army Commander, Diplomat Madho Singh Bhandari
History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -134
History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -381
By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)
Madho Singh Bhandari had been one of the great personalities of Garhwal in its whole history.
Brave and Enthusiastic Madho Singh Bhandari
Madho Singh Bhandari was brave soldier that is why Garhwal King appointed him chief assistant of Great Chief of Army Staff Lodi Rikhola. It was his character that Madho Singh Bhandari became Chief of Army Staff of Garhwal Kingdom after the sad demise of Lodi Rikhola.
Madho Singh was enthusiastic and had quality of inspiring soldiers. Madho Singh Bhandari was cool and calm in adverse situation. When he was wounded badly in Basher campaign and was just to die, he did not lose his temper and advised his assistants to keep secret his death and slowly back from the battle field. He also advised to keep his body intact in oil wet cloth. By doing so, the enemy could not destroy his whole army.
Planner, Strategist, Diplomat and great Executor Madho Singh Bhandari
Madho Singh Bhandari was great planner, strategist and was capable manger to execute his strategies.
Madho Singh was also great diplomat. He erected terraces in border of Garhwal- Tibet for boundary demarcation.
Great Social Worker Madho Singh Bhandari
Madho Singh Bhandari was great social worker. Madho Singh Bhandari was from Maletha village, Tehri Garhwal. The village land was fertile but there was no water for irrigation. There was rivulet beyond a hill of Maletha. Madho Singh Bhandari dug a one furlong long tunnel canal to bring water from that river. This tunnel is live exhibition of hard labor, planning of Madho Singh Bhandari
It is said in folklore that when the canal was ready the water did not flow from river to canal. The astrologer told to Madho Singh Bhandari that canal was asking human sacrifice. Madho Singh Bhandari killed his only son Gaje Singh at the beginning of canal. However, by worshipping Goddess Gaje Singh became alive. Later on Gaje Singh became minister and commander in Garhwal Kingdom.
The following folksong is proof of his bravery and strategist-
Ek Singh raundo ban, ek Singh Gay ka,
Ek Singh Madho Singh aur Singh kayeka?
(One lion (Singh) lives in forest, another Singh (horn) is of cow
One Lion (Singh) is Madho Singh, why do we require another lion (Singh)? That means no other person should attach Singh on his name.
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 1/7/2014
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -382
References
1-Dr. Shiv Prasad Dabral, 1971, Uttarakhand ka Itihas Bhag-4, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda, Pauri Garhwal, India
2-Harikrishna Raturi, Garhwal ka Itihas
3-Dr. Patiram, Garhwal Ancient and Modern
4-Rahul Sankrityayan, Garhwal
5- Oakley and Gairola, Himalayan Folklore
6- Bhakt Darshan, Garhwal ki Divangit Vibhutiyan
7-Foster, Early Travels in India William Finch
8-Upadhyaya, Shri Shankaracharya
9-Shering, Western Tibet and British
10-H.G. Walton, Gazetteer of British Garhwal
11-B.P.Kamboj, Early Wall Paintings of Garhwal
12-H.g Walton, Gazetteer of Dehradun
13- Vimal Chandra, Prachin Bharat ka Itihas
14-Meera Seth, Wall Paintings of Western Himalayas
15-Furar, Monumental Antiquities
16-Haudiwala, Studies in Indo-Muslim History
17- Rahul Khari 2007, Jats and Gujjar Origin, History and Culture
18- Upendra Singh, 2006, Delhi: Ancient History, Barghahan Books
19- B.S. Dahiya, 1980, Jats the Ancient Rulers (A Clan Study) , Sterling Publications
20- Maithani, Bharat –Gotrapravardeepika
21 Prem Hari Har Lal, 1993, The Doon Valley Down the Ages
22-Dashrath Sharma, Early Chauhan Dynasties
23- Shailndra Nath Sen, Ancient History and Civilization
24-H.M Elliot, 1867, The History of India as told by its Own Historians
25- Jaswant Lal Mehta, 1979, Advance Study in Medieval India
26- Nau Nihal Singh, 2003, The Royal Gurjars: their contribution to India, Anmol Publications
27- H. Blochmann, 1873, Aine e- Akbari Translation
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter
Notes on South Asian Medieval History of Garhwal; SouthAsian Medieval History of Pauri Garhwal; Medieval History of Chamoli Garhwal; South Asian Medieval History of Rudraprayag Garhwal; South Asian Medieval History of Tehri Garhwal; Medieval History of Uttarkashi Garhwal; South Asian Medieval History of Dehradun, Garhwal; Medieval History of Haridwar ; South Asian Medieval History of Manglaur, Haridwar; South Asian Medieval History of Rurkee Haridwar ; South Asian Medieval History of Bahadarpur Haridwar ; South Asian History of Haridwar district to be continued
XX
Bhishma Kukreti:
History of Garhwal King Mahipati Shah having Mental Disturbances
History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -135
History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -382
By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)
Maularam Tunwar informed that Mahipati Shah was Vammargi Shakt Sadhak . Garhwal King Mahipat Shah used to perform rituals for Shakti in day, night and on Amavshya. His Goddess was Mahishmardani. On one occasion at the time of concentration he got mental disturbance. He lost mental stability from that time.
Mahipati Shah started taking alcohol abundantly. His eyes used to become unstable. He started taking decision without second thought. Mahipat Shah used to repent after his bad or evil acts. Mahipati Shah started others as if they don’t exist. He killed many innocent people of his court and kingdom. People were afraid of his unstable behavior.
Mahipati Shah visiting Bharat Mandir , Rishikesh
Mahipati Shah was on visit to Kumbh Fair at Haridwar. He reached to Rishikesh and rested there. In Rishikesh, Mahipati Shah paid visit to Bharat temple. He started at Bharat statue and was confused that Bharat was staring him with anger. In anger, Mahipati Shah asked his men to take out the eyes of statue. His body guards took out eyes from Bharat statue. Mahipat Shah found that the eyes of statue were of colored stone. He was embarrassed by his behavior and asked his men to fit eyes on statue.
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 3/7/2014
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -383
References
1-Dr. Shiv Prasad Dabral, 1971, Uttarakhand ka Itihas Bhag-4, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda, Pauri Garhwal, India
2-Harikrishna Raturi, Garhwal ka Itihas
3-Dr. Patiram, Garhwal Ancient and Modern
4-Rahul Sankrityayan, Garhwal
5- Oakley and Gairola, Himalayan Folklore
6- Bhakt Darshan, Garhwal ki Divangit Vibhutiyan
7-Foster, Early Travels in India William Finch
8-Upadhyaya, Shri Shankaracharya
9-Shering, Western Tibet and British
10-H.G. Walton, Gazetteer of British Garhwal
11-B.P.Kamboj, Early Wall Paintings of Garhwal
12-H.g Walton, Gazetteer of Dehradun
13- Vimal Chandra, Prachin Bharat ka Itihas
14-Meera Seth, Wall Paintings of Western Himalayas
15-Furar, Monumental Antiquities
16-Haudiwala, Studies in Indo-Muslim History
17- Rahul Khari 2007, Jats and Gujjar Origin, History and Culture
18- Upendra Singh, 2006, Delhi: Ancient History, Barghahan Books
19- B.S. Dahiya, 1980, Jats the Ancient Rulers (A Clan Study) , Sterling Publications
20- Maithani, Bharat –Gotrapravardeepika
21 Prem Hari Har Lal, 1993, The Doon Valley Down the Ages
22-Dashrath Sharma, Early Chauhan Dynasties
23- Shailndra Nath Sen, Ancient History and Civilization
24-H.M Elliot, 1867, The History of India as told by its Own Historians
25- Jaswant Lal Mehta, 1979, Advance Study in Medieval India
26- Nau Nihal Singh, 2003, The Royal Gurjars: their contribution to India, Anmol Publications
27- H. Blochmann, 1873, Aine e- Akbari Translation
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter
Notes on South Asian Medieval History of Garhwal; SouthAsian Medieval History of Pauri Garhwal; Medieval History of Chamoli Garhwal; South Asian Medieval History of Rudraprayag Garhwal; South Asian Medieval History of Tehri Garhwal; Medieval History of Uttarkashi Garhwal; South Asian Medieval History of Dehradun, Garhwal; Medieval History of Haridwar ; South Asian Medieval History of Manglaur, Haridwar; South Asian Medieval History of Rurkee Haridwar ; South Asian Medieval History of Bahadarpur Haridwar ; South Asian History of Haridwar district to be continued
XX
Bhishma Kukreti:
History of Garhwal King Killing Naga Sanyasi (Serpentine Sages) on the way to Haridwar
History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -136
History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -383
By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)
Garhwal King Mahipati Shah was on the way from Rishikesh to participate in Kumbh Mela in Haridwar. Mahipat Shah saw that Naga Sanyasi (Serpent Sages) were naked, having ash rubbed on their whole body and were having weapons in their hands. Mahipat Shah became angry by watching sages keeping weapons. Garhwal king Mahipati Shah ordered his army men to kill those Naga sages.
Garhwal army killed more than five hundred Naga sages and also killed common men. There was bloodshed near Haridwar. It is said that there was a badly injured Naga sage instead of bleeding milk was coming from his body. The sage died before Mahipati Shah. Mahipati Shah felt deep sorry for his sinful deed.
Repenting Ritual Performances by Mahipati Shah
After visiting Haridwar for Kumbh Fair, Mahipati Shah returned to Shrinagar. Mahipati Shah asked learned persons for repent of his deeds as visiting Muslim prostitutes, taking out eyes of Bharat statue, killing Naga Sages and other sinful deeds. The learned persons suggested him the following performances to get rid of sins done by the king-
1-Donation, donation of cows, Hvan, Pujan etc
2-To die by burning into cavity of Banyan or Peepal tree
or
3-To die by gulping melting gold
Or
4- To die while fighting a battle
Mahipati Shah told that to die by burning is the act of woman. Therefore he thought to attack on his neighbor. He performed various religious rituals and asked his army to attack on Kumaon.
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 4/7/2014
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -384
References
1-Dr. Shiv Prasad Dabral, 1971, Uttarakhand ka Itihas Bhag-4, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda, Pauri Garhwal, India
2-Harikrishna Raturi, Garhwal ka Itihas
3-Dr. Patiram, Garhwal Ancient and Modern
4-Rahul Sankrityayan, Garhwal
5- Oakley and Gairola, Himalayan Folklore
6- Bhakt Darshan, Garhwal ki Divangit Vibhutiyan
7-Foster, Early Travels in India William Finch
8-Upadhyaya, Shri Shankaracharya
9-Shering, Western Tibet and British
10-H.G. Walton, Gazetteer of British Garhwal
11-B.P.Kamboj, Early Wall Paintings of Garhwal
12-H.g Walton, Gazetteer of Dehradun
13- Vimal Chandra, Prachin Bharat ka Itihas
14-Meera Seth, Wall Paintings of Western Himalayas
15-Furar, Monumental Antiquities
16-Haudiwala, Studies in Indo-Muslim History
17- Rahul Khari 2007, Jats and Gujjar Origin, History and Culture
18- Upendra Singh, 2006, Delhi: Ancient History, Barghahan Books
19- B.S. Dahiya, 1980, Jats the Ancient Rulers (A Clan Study) , Sterling Publications
20- Maithani, Bharat –Gotrapravardeepika
21 Prem Hari Har Lal, 1993, The Doon Valley Down the Ages
22-Dashrath Sharma, Early Chauhan Dynasties
23- Shailndra Nath Sen, Ancient History and Civilization
24-H.M Elliot, 1867, The History of India as told by its Own Historians
25- Jaswant Lal Mehta, 1979, Advance Study in Medieval India
26- Nau Nihal Singh, 2003, The Royal Gurjars: their contribution to India, Anmol Publications
27- H. Blochmann, 1873, Aine e- Akbari Translation
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter
Notes on South Asian Medieval History of Garhwal; SouthAsian Medieval History of Pauri Garhwal; Medieval History of Chamoli Garhwal; South Asian Medieval History of Rudraprayag Garhwal; South Asian Medieval History of Tehri Garhwal; Medieval History of Uttarkashi Garhwal; South Asian Medieval History of Dehradun, Garhwal; Medieval History of Haridwar ; South Asian Medieval History of Manglaur, Haridwar; South Asian Medieval History of Rurkee Haridwar ; South Asian Medieval History of Bahadarpur Haridwar ; South Asian History of Haridwar district to be continued
XX
History of Garhwal King Killing Naga Sanyasi (Serpentine Sages) on the way to Kumbh Mela, Haridwar; History of Garhwal King Killing Naga Sanyasi (Serpentine Sages) on the way to Kumbh Mela, Haridwar with context History of Kankhal Haridwar and Garhwal; History of Garhwal King Killing Naga Sanyasi (Serpentine Sages) on the way to Kumbh Mela, Haridwar with context History of Jwalapur Haridwar and Garhwal; History of Garhwal King Killing Naga Sanyasi (Serpentine Sages) on the way to Kumbh Mela, Haridwar with context History of Rurkee Haridwar and Garhwal; History of Garhwal King Killing Naga Sanyasi (Serpentine Sages) on the way to Kumbh Mela, Haridwar with context History of Har ki Paidi Haridwar and Garhwal; History of Garhwal King Killing Naga Sanyasi (Serpentine Sages) on the way to Kumbh Mela, Haridwar with context History of Pathri Haridwar and Garhwal; History of Garhwal King Killing Naga Sanyasi (Serpentine Sages) on the way to Kumbh Mela, Haridwar with context History of Landhaura Haridwar and Garhwal; History of Garhwal King Killing Naga Sanyasi (Serpentine Sages) on the way to Kumbh Mela, Haridwar with context History of Sultanpur Haridwar and Garhwal; History of Garhwal King Killing Naga Sanyasi (Serpentine Sages) on the way to Kumbh Mela, Haridwar with context History of Laksar Haridwar and Garhwal; History of Garhwal King Killing Naga Sanyasi (Serpentine Sages) on the way to Kumbh Mela, Haridwar with context History of Manglaur Haridwar and Garhwal; History of Garhwal King Killing Naga Sanyasi (Serpentine Sages) on the way to Kumbh Mela, Haridwar with context History of Bhagwanpur Haridwar and Garhwal; History of Garhwal King Killing Naga Sanyasi (Serpentine Sages) on the way to Kumbh Mela, Haridwar with context History of Jhabarera Haridwar and Garhwal; History of Garhwal King Killing Naga Sanyasi (Serpentine Sages) on the way to Kumbh Mela, Haridwar with context History of Telpura Haridwar and Garhwal; History of Garhwal King Killing Naga Sanyasi (Serpentine Sages) on the way to Kumbh Mela, Haridwar with context History of Sakrauda Haridwar and Garhwal;
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