Uttarakhand > Uttarakhand History & Movements - उत्तराखण्ड का इतिहास एवं जन आन्दोलन
गढ़वाल का इतिहास 1223-1804 AD- History of Garhwal Region from 1223-1804 AD
Bhishma Kukreti:
History of Mughal Army Attacking on Dhangu-Udaipur of Ganga Salan, Garhwal
History of Garhwali Queen Karnavati, part -4
History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -142
History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -389
By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)
After capturing Kalsi of Dehradun region, Mughal army led by Najabat Khan captured Santurgarh.
Perhaps from Satntur Garh, Mughal army reached to Rishikesh via Doiwala. Najbat Khan and army reached at Chandighat Haridwar to cross Ganga. On the way, Mughal Commander captured Nano Durg or Nano fort. Till date the citing about Nano Durg mentioned in ‘Muasir –al Umara’ could not be recognized.There is fort in ruined condition near Veer Bhadra called Garhwali raja ka Kila at Ganga-Rambha River meeting place. Dr. Dabral assumes that Garhwal raja ka Kila might be Nano Fort mentioned in Muasir –al Umara’
After capturing Nano fort, Najbat Khan Army crossed Ganga at Chandighat, Haridwar. A regional administration of Salan Bhabhar region tried to stop crossing of Mughal army. The Salan administration kept soldiers at strategic valleys of east Ganga bank that Mughal Army could not reach to Shrinagar Garhwal. However, Najabat Khan fought back with Garhwal soldiers and reached at a place from where Shrinagar was thirty Kos (sixty Miles). The place was a difficult place for strangers. There was difficulty in getting food supply at this place. From here, Najabat Khan could not reach Shrinagar and he sent message to Queen of Shrinagar Garhwal. Queen knew the difficulty of Najabat Khan. She delayed sending gifts. Queen made Najbat Khan to wait for one and half month. After many threat and request of Najabat Khan the Garhwal queen sent one and half lakh ruppes to Najabat Khan. According to Ma’asir –al-Umara, though, it was total insult to Najabat Khan and he did not have any choice but to return from that place. He, through Jabbal River bank reached to Sambhal district in the region of Mughal Empire.
It was embarrassing insult for Najabat Khan and Shah Jahan fired him from the post of Jagirdar. Shah Jahan appointed new Jagirdar Mirja Khan the great grandson of Abdur Rahim Iin place of Najbat Khan.
Mohanchatti /Fulchatti, Dadamandi or Dwarikhal ?
Ma’asir al-Umara (a history memoir) mentions that Najbat Khan waited a place from where Shrinagar was thirty kos (sixty miles). From this place Najbat khan reached to Shambhal district along with Jabbal valley.
It seems that Najbat Khan marched towards Shrinagar along with east Ganga bank. He reached to Mohan Chatti at the meeting place of Ganga-Hinwal. Hinwal seems to be Jabbal River of Ma’asir –al Umara. Najbat Khan camped in Mohan Chatti . From Mohan Chatti, Shrinagar is fifty miles. The Jabbal River seems to be Hinwal River. When queen sent only rupees one lakh gift, Najabat Khan returned through Jabbal (Hinwal) bank to Shambhal. When the Garhwal soldiers attacked Mughal army, Army had to run away through Jabbal valley and reached to Sambhal. That means Mughal army ran through Hinwal River valley from Mohanchatti, Katghar Mandul, Paukhal and then to Dada Mandi. From Dadamandi the Mughal army reached to Sambhal region via Bhabhar.
Historians should remember that Taimur Lang also faced adversity in Bandarbhel or Dhang Garh (10 miles from Fulchatti) .
Though, Dwarikhal is also sixty miles distance from Shrinagar, the region is easy to reach Shrinagar from Dwarikhal. Therefore, Dwarikhal can’t be the place where Najbat Khan army camped. Definitely, Mohan Chatti and Mala Bijni region would be the place where Najbat Khan camped and waited for gifts from Garhwal queen.
The incident of returning by Najabat Khan from Garhwal to Sambhal region was great humiliation for Mughal Emperor.
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 11/7/2014
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -390
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter ….
XX
Notes on South Asian Medieval History of Garhwal; SouthAsian Medieval History of Pauri Garhwal; Medieval History of Chamoli Garhwal; South Asian Medieval History of Rudraprayag Garhwal; South Asian Medieval History of Tehri Garhwal; Medieval History of Uttarkashi Garhwal; South Asian Medieval History of Dehradun, Garhwal; Medieval History of Haridwar ; South Asian Medieval History of Manglaur, Haridwar; South Asian Medieval History of Rurkee Haridwar ; South Asian Medieval History of Bahadarpur Haridwar ; South Asian History of Haridwar district to be continued
XX
Bhishma Kukreti:
History of Recapturing of Dehradun from Mughal and Characteristics of Queen Karnavati
History of Garhwali Queen Nakkati /Nak Katai (Karnavati), part -5
History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -143
History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -390
By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)
Recapturing Dehradun from Mughal Rule
After defeat in Mohan Chatti or in a place in Ganga Salan, Najabat Khan ran away from Ganga Salan to Sambhal region. Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan was angry on Najabat Khan. The Garhwal army recaptured Dehradun region from Mughal army. However, Garhwal army could not recapture Kalsi from Mughal Army. In Prithvipati Shah Period, Mughal Army looted Jaunsar region very cruelly.
Relation of Queen Nakkati /Nak Katai (Karnavati) with Neighbors
There is no record available for of war between Garhwal and Tibet and between Garhwal and Kumaon. That suggests that Garhwal had amicable relation with Kumaon and Tibet in Karnavati period. Garhwal had hostile relation with Sirmaur Kingdom.
Nath Sect in Queen Nakkati /Nak Katai (Karnavati) Period
There was immense influence of Nath sect in Garhwal from Ajay Pal period. The same influence of Nath sect on society was there in Garhwal in Queen Nakkati /Nak Katai (Karnavati) Period. The inscription of Deval Garh (1626) mentions name of Hansnath and Prabhatnath sages. Prabhat Nath repaired Satyanath Math and had Bhandara (ritual performance and feast).
Brave Queen Nakkati /Nak Katai (Karnavati) Period
Very less is mentioned in Ma’asir –al-Mara about queen Nakkati /Nak Katai. However, that is sufficient to suggest that Karnavati was brave, courageous, stable minded and visionary.
Ruling Period of Queen Nakkati /Nak Katai (Karnavati)
The inscriptions of Prithvipati Shah are available of 1640 and 1660. That means the ruling period of Queen Nakkati /Nak Katai (Karnavati) would be 1635-1639 or 1640.
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 12/7/2014
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -391
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter ….
XX
Notes on South Asian Medieval History of Garhwal; SouthAsian Medieval History of Pauri Garhwal; Medieval History of Chamoli Garhwal; South Asian Medieval History of Rudraprayag Garhwal; South Asian Medieval History of Tehri Garhwal; Medieval History of Uttarkashi Garhwal; South Asian Medieval History of Dehradun, Garhwal; Medieval History of Haridwar ; South Asian Medieval History of Manglaur, Haridwar; South Asian Medieval History of Rurkee Haridwar ; South Asian Medieval History of Bahadarpur Haridwar ; South Asian History of Haridwar district to be continued
XX
History of Recapturing of Dehradun from Mughal and Characteristics of Queen Karnavati; History of Recapturing of Dehradun from Mughal and Characteristics of Queen Karnavati in context History of Pauri Garhwal, History of Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan, History of Tibet, History of Kumaon and History of Sirmaur Himachal Pradesh; History of Recapturing of Dehradun from Mughal and Characteristics of Queen Karnavati in context History of Chamoli Garhwal, History of Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan, History of Tibet, History of Kumaon and History of Sirmaur Himachal Pradesh; History of Recapturing of Dehradun from Mughal and Characteristics of Queen Karnavati in context History of Rudraprayag Garhwal, History of Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan, History of Tibet, History of Kumaon and History of Sirmaur Himachal Pradesh; History of Recapturing of Dehradun from Mughal and Characteristics of Queen Karnavati in context History of Tehri Garhwal, History of Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan, History of Tibet, History of Kumaon and History of Sirmaur Himachal Pradesh; History of Recapturing of Dehradun from Mughal and Characteristics of Queen Karnavati in context History of Uttarkashi Garhwal, History of Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan, History of Tibet, History of Kumaon and History of Sirmaur Himachal Pradesh; History of Recapturing of Dehradun from Mughal and Characteristics of Queen Karnavati in context History of Dehradun Garhwal, History of Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan, History of Tibet, History of Kumaon and History of Sirmaur Himachal Pradesh; History of Recapturing of Dehradun from Mughal and Characteristics of Queen Karnavati in context History of Haridwar, History of Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan, History of Tibet, History of Kumaon and History of Sirmaur Himachal Pradesh;
Bhishma Kukreti:
History of Famous Garhwal King Prithvipati Shah
History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -144
History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -391
By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)
The lists of Becket, Williams describe Prithvipatishah the name of this king. Almora lists describe him as Prithvishah. Maularam describe this King as Prathipatishah. His name in asilver inscription of Dev Prayag of 1640 is carved as Prithvipati. Muslim writers describe him with various names as Pirthavichand, Pirthisingh, and Pirthipati.
Information Source about Prithvipati Shah
1 and 2nd – Atkinson stated that there were two inscriptions of Prithvipati Shah of 1640 and 1660 put in district office. Now, those inscriptions are not there.
3rd – The silver inscription on door of Raghunath temple at Devprayag of Mathura Baurani is also important information source about Prithvipatishah.
Mughal Emperors Shahjahan and Aurangzeb tried to capture Garhwal with failure. Garhwal army defended Mughal attacks very well.
Various Muslim writers’ books written in that period and orders of Mughal Empire threw lights on Prithvipati Shah.
The inscription of Fateh Shah of 1667 has seal of Prithvipati Shah and it suggests Prithvipati Shah was alive in 1667.
European tourists as Barniyar and Manuso also wrote about Garhwal Kingdom.
Ruling Period of Prithvipati Shah
There are disagreements among historians about ruling period of Garhwal King Prithvipati Shah.
Becket- 1552-1614 – Totally illogical
Raturi- 1646-1676
Rahul- 1646- 1664
The inscription of 1640 shows with surety that that Prithvipati Shah started ruling the Kingdom after his mother Nakkatti retiring from the administration. The inscription of Mathura Baurani of 1664 suggests that Prithvipati Shah was alive in 1664. His son Medni Shah dethroned him from Kingdom.
Dr Dabral suggests that Prithvipati Shah expired around 1664. While, historian Ajy Rawat suggests that Prithvi Pati was alive by 1667.
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 13/7/2014
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -392
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter ….
XX
Notes on South Asian Medieval History of Garhwal; SouthAsian Medieval History of Pauri Garhwal; Medieval History of Chamoli Garhwal; South Asian Medieval History of Rudraprayag Garhwal; South Asian Medieval History of Tehri Garhwal; Medieval History of Uttarkashi Garhwal; South Asian Medieval History of Dehradun, Garhwal; Medieval History of Haridwar ; South Asian Medieval History of Manglaur, Haridwar; South Asian Medieval History of Rurkee Haridwar ; South Asian Medieval History of Bahadarpur Haridwar ; South Asian History of Haridwar district to be continued
XX
Bhishma Kukreti:
History Review of Characteristics of Garhwal King Prithwipati Shah
History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -145
History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -392
By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)
Prithwipati Shah was a strong will, brave and stable person. He had guts to head on with stronger enemy. He spent his whole life in battles and wars. He was kind and great donor.
Historians remember Prithwipati Shah Rule for three major incidents-
1-Extension of Garhwal Kingdom in western region
2-Protecting Garhwal Kingdom from Shah Jahan
3-Sheltering Suleman Sikoh (son of Dara Sikoh that is grandson of Shah Jahna)
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 25/7/2014
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -393
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter ….
XX
Notes on South Asian Medieval History of Garhwal; SouthAsian Medieval History of Pauri Garhwal; Medieval History of Chamoli Garhwal; South Asian Medieval History of Rudraprayag Garhwal; South Asian Medieval History of Tehri Garhwal; Medieval History of Uttarkashi Garhwal; South Asian Medieval History of Dehradun, Garhwal; Medieval History of Haridwar ; South Asian Medieval History of Manglaur, Haridwar; South Asian Medieval History of Rurkee Haridwar ; South Asian Medieval History of Bahadarpur Haridwar ; South Asian History of Haridwar district to be continued
Bhishma Kukreti:
History of Prithvipati Shah winning West of Garhwal (Himachal Pradesh territories)
History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -146
History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -393
By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)
Garhwal King Prithvipati Shah Protecting Dehradun region
In the rule of queen Karnavati (Nak Kttai Rani), Mughal commander Najbat Khan captured Dehradun with the help of Sirmaur (Himachal region) King Mandhata Prakash. Most probably, after defeating Mughal commander Najbat Khan, Garhwal Queen Karnavati recaptured Dehradun region. It was a setback for Garhwal Kingdom that Najbat Khan and Mandhata Prakash captured Dehradun easily. King Prithvipati Shah took necessary defensive majors for protecting Dehradun region.
Wars against West of Garhwal Kingdoms
According to Raturi, Prithvipati Shah extended his territory till Satluz River. However, his rule did not remain there for long. The Kings of Himachal region collectively expelled Garhwal army. Later on, there was treaty among Himachal side Kings and Hadkoti (Pabar river Bank) was set the boundary of Garhwal Kingdom. Hadkoti is at boundaries of Basher, Kyunthal and Jubbal Kingdoms.
It is not found the reasons of Garhwal King attacking Himachal Kingdoms. Main reason might be to take revenge against those kings who helped Najbat Khan the commander of Shahjahan.
Garhwal King recaptured Shergarh, Kalsi, Bairatgarh.
It seems one army marched through Dehradun to get free Shergarh and Kalsi.
Another time army marched through Saoda and Khashdhar.
The wars timing might be from 1640-1650.
The Himachal Kings who were defeated by Prithvipati Shah took the matter with Mughal Emperor and requested him to help them.
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 26/7/2014
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -394
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter ….
XX
Notes on South Asian Medieval History of Garhwal; SouthAsian Medieval History of Pauri Garhwal; Medieval History of Chamoli Garhwal; South Asian Medieval History of Rudraprayag Garhwal; South Asian Medieval History of Tehri Garhwal; Medieval History of Uttarkashi Garhwal; South Asian Medieval History of Dehradun, Garhwal; Medieval History of Haridwar ; South Asian Medieval History of Manglaur, Haridwar; South Asian Medieval History of Rurkee Haridwar ; South Asian Medieval History of Bahadarpur Haridwar ; South Asian History of Haridwar district to be continued
XX
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