MeraPahad Community Of Uttarakhand Lovers

                History aspects Animal Husbandry in Garhwal in Shah /Pal Period

Administration, Social and Cultural Characteristics History of Garhwal in Shah Dynasty -52 

   History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -241     
   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -489 
                        By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)

              Garhwali village means human society and domestic animals. In animals cow, buffalo, goats, sheep, were common. Chicken poultry paltry was limited to Shilpkar. Garhwalis did not /do not breed Pigs.
 In Haridwar, Bijnor and Bhabhar Garhwal, a community used to breed pigs.
           Domestic animals were kept on ground floor of houses and people live on upper floor.  There used to be herds of cow dung and attracting flies, insects.
               In summer and rainy season people used to take animals to filed away from village Goth. Goth used to satisfy two needs – maneuvering on the fields so no problem of carrying organic fertilizer and animals could not be effected by hot season while tug in the Gaushala (cowshed).
           Animals were sign of prosperity as animals satisfy the need of milk, maneuvering, mutton, woolen clothing, etc.

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 21/11/2014
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -490 
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter ….
History of Characteristics of Garhwal Kings Shah dynasty, to be continued


XX    
Notes on South Asian Modern Period  History of Garhwal;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Pauri Garhwal; South Asian  Modern Period   History of Chamoli Garhwal;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Rudraprayag Garhwal;  South Asian Modern  History of Tehri Garhwal;  South Asian Modern  History of Uttarkashi Garhwal;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Dehradun, Garhwal;  Modern  History of Haridwar ;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Manglaur, Haridwar;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Rurkee Haridwar ;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Bahadarpur Haridwar ; South Asian Modern Period  History of Haridwar district, South Asian History of Bijnor old Garhwal
Xx
History aspects Animal Husbandry in Garhwal in Shah /Pal Period; History aspects Animal Husbandry in Bijnor in Shah /Pal Period; History aspects Animal Husbandry in Haridwar Garhwal in Shah /Pal Period; History aspects Animal Husbandry in Dehradun Garhwal in Shah /Pal Period; History aspects Animal Husbandry in Uttarkashi Garhwal in Shah /Pal Period; History aspects Animal Husbandry in Tehri Garhwal in Shah /Pal Period; History aspects Animal Husbandry in Rudraprayag Garhwal in Shah /Pal Period; History aspects Animal Husbandry in Chamoli Garhwal in Shah /Pal Period; History aspects Animal Husbandry in Pauri Garhwal in Shah /Pal Period;
                               Swatch Bharat! स्वच्छ भारत !

       History aspects of Ethnic Food Resources of Garhwal in Pal /Shah Period

Administration, Social and Cultural Characteristics History of Garhwal in Shah Dynasty -54 

   History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -243     
   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -491 
                        By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)

 Garhwal had been fortunate about food materials for human beings. Baring a a couple of feminine, no history record is available that a Garhwali died due to non availability of food. On the contrary, there is an old proverb in Garhwali –
“Khaik sabi Morin, Nikhaik kwee ni mor’’
That is ‘Everybody dies by taking food and nobody dies because of hunger”.
          The following agro based items were available in hills of Garhwal and Bhabhar including Haridwar, Bijnor and Saharanpur.
                         Cereals and pseudo Cereals
- Barely, Rice, Wheat, Buckwheat, Chenopodium etc were main cereals.
Maize, Amaranth came in Garhwal after Portuguese entered into India.
                              Millets and Minor Millets
Among millets and minor millets, Barnyard millet, Finger millet, Fox tail millet, Proso Millet, Kodo and Sorghum were popular.
                                 Pulses
 Pigeon pea, Chickpea, Bhatt or Soybean, Khesari, Lentil, Horse gram (Bhabhar) were main pulses of Garhwal, Bijnor and Haridwar including Saharanpur.
         Most of beans came to Garhwal after entry of Portuguese in India.
                                  Oilseeds
 Indian mustard, Brown Mustard, Toria, Linseed, Perilla , Sesame,
Sunflower was introduced in India after Portuguese entered into India.
                                             Vegetables
 People of Garhwal, Haridwar, Bijnor, Saharanpur ued to grow Okra, jackfruit (in Bhabhar), Elephant foot yam, Wax guard, Phadi Spinach, Cabbage (mostly in plains), Elephant Ear Yam, various gourds, Kakdi /cucumber, Radish (Moola and Muli), Brinjal, Carrot, etc vegetable
 Squash, Pumpkin, Potato, Sweet Potato, Tomato, pepper were introduced in Garhwal at British period.
                                     Wild Edible Vegetables
Hanw, Bankh, Kairua, Bunch-Ham, Gweeralpr Kwairyal, Kilmora or Kingoda, Semal, Ganziadi, wild Bathua,Gadpeper, Ginthi, Tarur, Linguda, Khuntda, Jhangar, Timul/Timla, Bedu, Sakina, Halang, Mushrooms, Sonjal, Padya, Jarag, Quathode, Buransh, Rugi, Bicchu Ghas or Kandali  were wild edible vegetables of Garhwalis of Garhwal, Haridwar, Bijnor, and Saharanpur. 
 Rambans (Agave americana) was introduced after Portuguese entry only.
                            Fruits
Orange, mango, Lemon, Ber, Pomegranate, Peach, Loquat,  etc were grown in Garhwal, Haridwar, Bijnor, Saharanpur.
     New world fruits as Papaya, Guava, a couple of berries species, apple etc of Europe origin were introduced just before British Raj or in British Raj.

               Wild Edible Fruits
           Bael, Malu, Bamaur, Chutar, Kingoda or Kilmora, Daya, Hisar, Karaunj, Mitha Pangar, Khadik, Jmair, Tusar, taidu,  Giwai, Bedu, Timla, Khainu, Bhekhafal, Titmar,Bhimal, Turchuk, Gophal,Akhrot, Kafal, Kurmali, Kimu, Thankal, Aonla, Chir, Paya, Jamun, Bamhalu, Darim, Ghingaru, Mole, Mehal, Buransh, Sirkuti, Imli, Phelalo, Sepla,  Kusum, Kala Hisar, Panik Brahmi, Mat Kakri, Nepala, Ami, Mijhau, Titmelwa were major wild edible fruits of Garhwal Bhabhar, Haridwar, Bijnor and Saharanpur Bhabhar.
(Reference Source included P.S.Mehta, K.S.Negi and S.N.Ojha, 2010, Native Plant genetic resources and traditional foods of Uttarakhand Himalaya.. IJNP and R) 
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 23/11/2014
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -492 
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter ….
History of Characteristics of Garhwal Kings Shah dynasty, to be continued


XX    
Notes on South Asian Modern Period  History of Garhwal;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Pauri Garhwal; South Asian  Modern Period   History of Chamoli Garhwal;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Rudraprayag Garhwal;  South Asian Modern  History of Tehri Garhwal;  South Asian Modern  History of Uttarkashi Garhwal;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Dehradun, Garhwal;  Modern  History of Haridwar ;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Manglaur, Haridwar;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Rurkee Haridwar ;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Bahadarpur Haridwar ; South Asian Modern Period  History of Haridwar district, South Asian History of Bijnor old Garhwal
Xx
History aspects of Ethnic Food Resources of Garhwal in Pal /Shah Period; History aspects of Ethnic Food Resources of Haridwar Garhwal in Pal /Shah Period; History aspects of Ethnic Food Resources of  Bijnor around  Pal /Shah Period; History aspects of Ethnic Food Resources of Saharanpur around in Pal /Shah Period; History aspects of Ethnic Food Resources of Dehradun Garhwal in Pal /Shah Period;  History aspects of Ethnic Food Resources of Uttarkashi Garhwal in Pal /Shah Period; History aspects of Ethnic Food Resources of Tehri Garhwal in Pal /Shah Period; History aspects of Ethnic Food Resources of Rudraprayag Garhwal in Pal /Shah Period; History aspects of Ethnic Food Resources of Chamoli Garhwal in Pal /Shah Period; History aspects of Ethnic Food Resources of Pauri Garhwal in Pal /Shah Period; History aspects of Ethnic Food Resources of Bhabhar of Garhwal, Haridwar, Dehradun, Bijnor and Saharanpur  in Pal /Shah Period;
                             Swatch Bharat! स्वच्छ भारत !

History aspects of Beverages and Beverage Plants in Garhwal in Pal /Shah Period

Administration, Social and Cultural Characteristics History of Garhwal in Shah Dynasty -56 

   History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -245     
   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -493 
                        By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)

            There was tradition of having producing both types of Beverages in Garhwal –Non Alcoholic Beverages and Alcoholic Beverages.
       Non Alcoholic Beverage Plants in Old Garhwal
Vernacular Name ----------Botanical Name --------Plant Part Used in beverage Production
Papri ------------------------Buxux willichiana -------------Leaves and Barks
Chakunda -----------------Cassia occidentalis --------------Seeds
Amlich -----------------------Hippophae rhamnoids ---------Fruits
Darim ------------------------Punica granatum ------------------Fruits
Burans -----------------------Rhododendron arboretum -------Flower petals
Botyaccha -----------------Rhododendron anthopogon -------Leaves
Thuner ----------------------Taxus baccata ---------------------Bark and Leaves
Somaya -------------------Ciola species -------------------------Leaves
Bel ---------------------------Aegle marmelos-------------------Fruits (specially medicinal beverage)

                           Alcoholic Beverage Plants of  Old Garhwal

Bhotti /Bhartoi --------------------Andrachne cordifolia --------------
Tirmiri -----------------------Bupleurum falcatum
Dhatura ------------------------Datura stramoinium
Morchiyapar -------------------Hemidusmus indicus
Hinsar/Hisar -----------------------Rubas ellipticus
Kala Hinsar----------------------Rubas niveus
Karthatu ------------------------------Taraxacum officinale
  Plants used in making Alcoholic beverages from Barley/rice or Millets floor

Litchkuri ---------------------------Achyranthes aspera------------------Roots
Baisheyi------------------------------Adhatoda zeylinica -----------------Roots
Fatkaniya------------------------------Alysicarpus vaginalis --------------Leaves
Chamara--------------------------------Artemisia roxburghiana------------Roots
Kingwad, ----------------------------Barberis lyceum -----------------------Root
Pattharchhata---------------------------Boerhavia diffusa ----------------Whole Plants
Batti --------------------------------------Cajanus scarabeoides -----------Whole Plants
Dahiya ---------------------------------------Callicarpa macrophylla ------------Whole Plant
Bhang --/hemp ---------------------------------Canabis sativa -------------------Leaves
Karonda ----------------------------------------Carissa apaca ----------------------------Root
Panwar ---------------------------------------Casia tora ---------------------Whole Plant
Guradra -----------------------------------------Cinnamomum tamla --------------Leaves
Parh --------------------------------------------Cissampelos pariera------------------Roots
Jaljamini ---------------------------------------Cocculus hirsutus ------------------Whole Plant
Jamun ---------------------------------------Syzygium cumini -------------- Fruits
 Figs varieties --------------------------------------------------------------------Fruits
Bhirmoli ----------------------------------------Celebrookia oppositifolia-------------Roots
Timur --------------------------------------------Zynthoxylum armatum-----------------Root
Dhai ----------------------------------------------Woodfordia fruiticosa ----------------Leaves
Parhu--------------------------------------Cymbopogon martim ---------------------------Roots
Kathmul -----------------------------------Dicliptera roxburghania --------------------Whole Plant
Genthi -------------------------------------Dioscoria bulbifera ---------------------Bulb/Root
Surat------------------------------------------Euphorbia royleana
Laljhari -------------------------------------Geranium nepalnesis -----------------------Whole plant
Other plants were Bish Kopra, Dakh, Chir, Latkaniya, Chir etc



. 


Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 25/11/2014
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -494 
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter ….
History of Characteristics of Garhwal Kings Shah dynasty, to be continued


XX    
Notes on South Asian Modern Period  History of Garhwal;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Pauri Garhwal; South Asian  Modern Period   History of Chamoli Garhwal;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Rudraprayag Garhwal;  South Asian Modern  History of Tehri Garhwal;  South Asian Modern  History of Uttarkashi Garhwal;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Dehradun, Garhwal;  Modern  History of Haridwar ;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Manglaur, Haridwar;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Rurkee Haridwar ;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Bahadarpur Haridwar ; South Asian Modern Period  History of Haridwar district, South Asian History of Bijnor old Garhwal
Xx         
 History aspects of Beverages and Beverage Plants in Garhwal in Pal /Shah Period; History aspects of Beverages and Beverage Plants in Haridwar Garhwal in Pal /Shah Period; History aspects of Beverages and Beverage Plants in Pauri Garhwal in Pal /Shah Period; History aspects of Beverages and Beverage Plants in Chamoli Garhwal in Pal /Shah Period; History aspects of Beverages and Beverage Plants in Rudraprayag Garhwal in Pal /Shah Period; History aspects of Beverages and Beverage Plants in Tehri Garhwal in Pal /Shah Period; History aspects of Beverages and Beverage Plants in Uttarkashi Garhwal in Pal /Shah Period; History aspects of Beverages and Beverage Plants in Dehradun , Jaunsar Garhwal in Pal /Shah Period;
                             स्वच्छ भारत ! स्वच्छ भारत ! बुद्धिमान भारत!

 Economic Wild and domestic Animals of Garhwal in Pal/ Shah History context

Administration, Social and Cultural Characteristics History of Garhwal in Shah Dynasty -58 

   History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -247     
   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -495 
                        By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)
        From the primitive time, Garhwal especially Bhabhar had been the paradise for hunting braves and Kings. Kalidas described about hunting in upper Garhwal by Kings from plains, British officers.
                          Domestic or Pet Animals of Garhwal
1-Bufello
2-Cow
3-Chaunwar Gay in Tibet Border region
4-Camel
5-Chiken
6-Dog
7-Donkey (Bhabhar, Tarai)
8-Elephant (Bhahar)
9-Horse
10-Pony /Khacchar
11-Jhappu
12-Goat
13-Pig (Shrinagr and Bhabhar, Dehradun not in rural Garhwal)
14-Sheep
15-Cat
Domestic animals barring Cat had significance role in daily life and economy. Pashu or domestic animals was a sign of property.
Besides, maneuvering the animals was used for food too.
              Wild Animals used for Meat
1-Deer Families –Ghweed-Kakhad (Barking deer), Hug Deer, Kasturi Mirg/Musk Deer  (above 8000 feet); Barhasingha, Hiran, Padha, jadau Sambhar, Chausingha Hiran, Tibetan antelope, Tibetan gazelle  etc
2-Wild bore
3-Rabbit
4-Porcupine (Saulu, Shahi, Shaulu)   


Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 26/11/2014
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -495 
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter ….
History of Characteristics of Garhwal Kings Shah dynasty, to be continued


XX    
Notes on South Asian Modern Period  History of Garhwal;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Pauri Garhwal; South Asian  Modern Period   History of Chamoli Garhwal;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Rudraprayag Garhwal;  South Asian Modern  History of Tehri Garhwal;  South Asian Modern  History of Uttarkashi Garhwal;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Dehradun, Garhwal;  Modern  History of Haridwar ;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Manglaur, Haridwar;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Rurkee Haridwar ;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Bahadarpur Haridwar ; South Asian Modern Period  History of Haridwar district, South Asian History of Bijnor old Garhwal
Xx         
 Economic Wild and domestic Animals of Garhwal in Pal/ Shah History context; Economic Wild and domestic Animals of Pauri Garhwal in Pal/ Shah History context; Economic Wild and domestic Animals of Chamoli Garhwal in Pal/ Shah History context; Economic Wild and domestic Animals of Rudraprayag Garhwal in Pal/ Shah History context; Economic Wild and domestic Animals of Tehri Garhwal in Pal/ Shah History context; Economic Wild and domestic Animals of Uttarakhand Garhwal in Pal/ Shah History context; Economic Wild and domestic Animals of Dehradun Garhwal in Pal/ Shah History context; Economic Wild and domestic Animals of Haridwar Garhwal in Pal/ Shah History context; Economic Wild and domestic Animals of Bijnor Garhwal in Pal/ Shah History context;   
                स्वच्छ भारत ! स्वच्छ भारत ! बुद्धिमान भारत!

                Edible Animals of Garhwal in History context

Administration, Social and Cultural Characteristics History of Garhwal in Shah Dynasty -60 

   History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -249     
   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -497 
                        By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)
 The people of Garhwal used domestic and wild animals for food purpose.
           Edible Domestic Animals
Goat
Sheep
Pigs
Yaks
Part from the above common domestic animals, a Hindu class used the cow, bulls, buffalo for food purpose.
          Wild Edible Animals
Deer families
Porcupine
Turtle
Rabbit
Wild Pig
Neelgay (eaten by a class only)
Shells in rivers or ponds

 


Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 29/11/2014
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -498 
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter ….
History of Characteristics of Garhwal Kings Shah dynasty, to be continued


XX    
Notes on South Asian Modern Period  History of Garhwal;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Pauri Garhwal; South Asian  Modern Period   History of Chamoli Garhwal;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Rudraprayag Garhwal;  South Asian Modern  History of Tehri Garhwal;  South Asian Modern  History of Uttarkashi Garhwal;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Dehradun, Garhwal;  Modern  History of Haridwar ;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Manglaur, Haridwar;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Rurkee Haridwar ;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Bahadarpur Haridwar ; South Asian Modern Period  History of Haridwar district, South Asian History of Bijnor old Garhwal
Xx 
 
                स्वच्छ भारत ! स्वच्छ भारत ! बुद्धिमान भारत!