Uttarakhand > Uttarakhand History & Movements - उत्तराखण्ड का इतिहास एवं जन आन्दोलन
गढ़वाल का इतिहास 1223-1804 AD- History of Garhwal Region from 1223-1804 AD
Bhishma Kukreti:
Beliefs on Bhut, Ghost, Spirit, Specter, Ghoul in Garhwal in Pal /Shah Era
Administration, Social and Cultural Characteristics History of Garhwal in Shah Dynasty -76
History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -266
History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -513
By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)
Belief on Ghost goes before prehistoric time. Malari culture shows that people believed on dead transforming into spirit.
People had to travel in night, on lonely dangerous places in day light, had to sleep in Goth (camp in field) and definitely they were afraid of Ghost too. Every village used to face the so called attack of Ghost every week.
There were Mantrik or Tantrik in every village for getting rid of Ghost. People used to put spiky plant branch on their door head to stop Ghost entering into house. When people taking dead body to funeral place they used to keep spiky plants on the road that spirit of dead one did not return back to the village.
Bhotiya people used to go with ‘Sara’ or ‘Ragosha’ for stopping disturbance of ghost. People of Shrinagar had beliefs that Bhut used to come from all nearby hills to Shrinagar. King Shyamshah died because of sinking into Ganga and people believed that his spirit used to wander in Shrinagar in night.
Many elites, Kings, army chiefs, soldiers died in abnormal conditions and still people worship their spirit as Ranbhut as Jeetu Bagdwal. Many army commanders died in war also worshipped as Ranbhut.
Gharbhut- Many times still in present time, people keep Ghadela for satisfying the unsatisfied soul of their dead family members called Hantya Pujai.
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 17/12/2014
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -514
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter ….
History of Characteristics of Garhwal Kings Shah dynasty, to be continued
XX
Notes on Garhwal ka Itihas, Garhwal ka Madhy Yugin Itihas , South Asian Modern Period History of Garhwal; South Asian Modern Period History of Pauri Garhwal; South Asian Modern Period History of Chamoli Garhwal; South Asian Modern Period History of Rudraprayag Garhwal; South Asian Modern History of Tehri Garhwal; South Asian Modern History of Uttarkashi Garhwal; South Asian Modern Period History of Dehradun, Garhwal; Modern History of Haridwar ; South Asian Modern Period History of Manglaur, Haridwar; South Asian Modern Period History of Rurkee Haridwar ; South Asian Modern Period History of Bahadarpur Haridwar ; South Asian Modern Period History of Haridwar district, South Asian History of Bijnor old Garhwal
Xx
Beliefs on Bhut, Ghost, Spirit, Specter, Ghoul in Garhwal in Pal /Shah Era; Beliefs on Bhut, Ghost, Spirit, Specter, Ghoul in Haridwar Garhwal in Pal /Shah Era; Beliefs on Bhut, Ghost, Spirit, Specter, Ghoul in Dehradun Garhwal in Pal /Shah Era; Beliefs on Bhut, Ghost, Spirit, Specter, Ghoul in Uttarkashi Garhwal in Pal /Shah Era; Beliefs on Bhut, Ghost, Spirit, Specter, Ghoul in Tehri Garhwal in Pal /Shah Era; Beliefs on Bhut, Ghost, Spirit, Specter, Ghoul in Chamoli Garhwal in Pal /Shah Era; Beliefs on Bhut, Ghost, Spirit, Specter, Ghoul in Rudraprayag Garhwal in Pal /Shah Era; Beliefs on Bhut, Ghost, Spirit, Specter, Ghoul in Pauri Garhwal in Pal /Shah Era;
स्वच्छ भारत ! स्वच्छ भारत ! बुद्धिमान भारत
Bhishma Kukreti:
Devi -Devta, Deities and Goddesses of Garhwal in Pal /Shah Era
Administration, Social and Cultural Characteristics History of Garhwal in Shah Dynasty -77
History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -267
History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -514
By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)
The people believed on pan Indian mythological, historical and Deities and Goddesses. The Garhwal people also worshipped their own local Deities and Goddesses.
Nag Raja –Many Nags as Dhauli Nag, Fedi Nag, Hari Nag, Vasuki Nag
Narsingh
Nanda Devi
Devi or Durga –Many forms
Kailash
Shiva
Vishnu
Kali
Mahakali
Bhairav
Ghantakarn
Gaurja
Shakambari
Chandravadani
Durga
Five Pandav
Draupadi
Kunti
Duryodhan
Karna
Rawan (only one place in Uttarkashi)
Krishna
Rukmani
Hanuman
Satyabhama
Parishram
Panchnam
Nirankar
Gwill or Gorul
Sidhuva
Vidhwa
Seema Ji
Ajandi Bubu (Milk related Deity)
Satyanath
Malaynath
Latu Devta
Maimanda
Khetarpal
Bhumya
Mithal
, Ghandyal and many more local deities
Anchheri- Fairies were among Bhut
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 18/12/2014
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -515
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter ….
History of Characteristics of Garhwal Kings Shah dynasty, to be continued
XX
Notes on Garhwal ka Itihas, Garhwal ka Madhy Yugin Itihas , South Asian Modern Period History of Garhwal; South Asian Modern Period History of Pauri Garhwal; South Asian Modern Period History of Chamoli Garhwal; South Asian Modern Period History of Rudraprayag Garhwal; South Asian Modern History of Tehri Garhwal; South Asian Modern History of Uttarkashi Garhwal; South Asian Modern Period History of Dehradun, Garhwal; Modern History of Haridwar ; South Asian Modern Period History of Manglaur, Haridwar; South Asian Modern Period History of Rurkee Haridwar ; South Asian Modern Period History of Bahadarpur Haridwar ; South Asian Modern Period History of Haridwar district, South Asian History of Bijnor old Garhwal
Xx
Devi -Devta, Deities and Goddesses of Garhwal in Pal /Shah Era; Devi -Devta, Deities and Goddesses of Pauri Garhwal in Pal /Shah Era; Devi -Devta, Deities and Goddesses of Chamoli Garhwal in Pal /Shah Era; Devi -Devta, Deities and Goddesses of Rudraprayag Garhwal in Pal /Shah Era; Devi -Devta, Deities and Goddesses of Tehri Garhwal in Pal /Shah Era; Devi -Devta, Deities and Goddesses of Uttarkashi Garhwal in Pal /Shah Era; Devi -Devta, Deities and Goddesses of Dehradun Garhwal in Pal /Shah Era; Devi -Devta, Deities and Goddesses of Haridwar, Garhwal in Pal /Shah Era;
स्वच्छ भारत ! स्वच्छ भारत ! बुद्धिमान भारत
Bhishma Kukreti:
Pilgrim Places, Shrines of Garhwal in Pal /Shah Period and of Later Period
Administration, Social and Cultural Characteristics History of Garhwal in Shah Dynasty -78
History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -268
History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -515
By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)
In this chapter, the author would like to offer information about the entire major Pilgrim places of Pal Period and later period too.
Pilgrim Places, Shrines of Dehradun
Guru Ram Rai Darbar Sahib
Tapkeshwar Mahadev
Vaishnodevi Gufa Mandir
Lakshman Siddh Peeth
Chandravadani
Tapovan
Sahstradhara
Baudh temples
Temples of Rishikesh
Historical temples in Jaunsar Bhabhar
Asoka Pillars, Kalsi
Jatgram Badwala
Bairatgarh
Chaitrrath
Bindusar
Nagthat
Bhadraj mandir
Devthal
Mahasu Lakhwad
Rudreshwar
Lakhamandal
Beespuriya Gufa
Kartikey Gufa
Kedar Mandir Bhatad village
Mahasau Temple, Hanol
Mahasu all
Pilgrim Places, Shrines of Pauri Garhwal
Mahadev Chatti
Vyaschatti
Godeshwar , Thantholi, Dhangu
Silsu Devta , kadthi, Dhangu
Silsu Devta , Silsu, Banelsyun
Neelkanth
Bhuvneshwari Siddhpeeth
Yamkeshwar
Kanvashram
Tadkeshwar temple
Kalo dand (Lansdowne)
Kaleshwar
Binsar Mahadev
Dudhatoli region
Bridh Bharsar mandir
Paithani
Jwalpa Devi Mandir
Bharav Garhi
Langurgarh
Ekeshwar Mahadev
Dangleshwar Mandir
Bhuvaneshwari Sanguda
Mundaneshwar or Khairling
Jhali Mali Devi
Adeshwar
Danda Nagraja
Kyunkaleshwar
Kandoliya
Nag Devta Mandir
Lakhmi Narayan
Lakshman Dev Temples Deval
Valmiki Ashram
Shrinagar
Kamleshwar , Shrinagar
Kansmardani , Shrinagar
Keshoray Math, Shrinagar
Shankar Math, Shrinagar
Gorakhnath Math, Shrinagar
Satyanath Math, Devalgarh
Rajrajeshwari, Devalgarh
Gauradevi Mandir, Devalgarh
Lakhmi Narayan ,Devalgarh
Murli Manohar ,Devalgarh
Som manda ,Devalgarh
Bhairav Gufa ,Devalgarh
Caves and Samadhis ,Devalgarh
Ashtawkar Mandir
Gauradevi mandir
Nagarasani Mandir
Indragavan
Taileshwar Mahadev
Dharidevi
Bunkhal Kalika Devi
Deeva Devi
Mata Shyam Sundari
Vaishno Devi
Godeshwar
Manjughosh Mahadev
Bhumyal Devi
Pilgrim Places, Shrines of Tehri Garhwal
Devprayag and temples
Chandravadani
Sarkunda Devi
Kunjapuri
Budha Kedar
Nathpanth Sthal
Kailapir
Balikheshwar Mahadev
Jwalamukhi
Siddhpeeth, hankuti
Nagraja Dev mandir
Neelchameshwar Mandir
Seemmukh Nagraja
Kilkileshwar
Ghantakarn Region
Surya mandir regions
Bhilleshwar
Koteshwar
Pilgrim Places, Shrines of Uttarkashi Garhwal
Vishwanath Mandir
Temples of Uttarkashi
Gangotri
Yamnotri
Kandar Divta mandir
Pundir Nag
Nagni Mata Mandir
Renuka Mandir
Ghandiyal Divta
Ringali Devi Mandir (Dunda)
Surya Mandir (Manjiyali)
Gomukh
Mukhva Gram
Gharali mandir
Pabsik Mahasu Mandir, Thadiyar Ganv
Karnmandir , Devragaon
Sameshwar mandir
Shilashraya
Pokhu Maharaj
Kamleshwar
Kapil Muni mandir
Ashwamedha Kshetra
Odaru jakhandi Dev
Kaliya Nag mandir
Rudreshwar
Shivgufa Badkot
Bhadrakali Paunti
Raghunath mandir Pujeli
Yamdigna Ashram
Renuka Devi
Hanuman mandir
Kharsaali
Pilgrim Places, Shrines of Chamoli Garhwal
Badrinath
Ganesh Gufa
Vyasgufa
Adibadari
Karnaprayag
Uma Devi mandir
Govind Mandir groups Simli
Badhan gadhi mandir
Nagnath , Pokhari
Navdurga Gadhi
Nand Prayag
Nanda jat
Nanda Devi karud
Nanda Devi jat Yatra Marg
Vairaskund
Gopeshwar Temples
Datatrey Janma Sthal
Rudranath
Dhyan Badri
Kalpeshwar
Urgam region temples
Banshinarayan
Panchkedar
Bridhbadari
Painkhanda Temples
Joshimath
Adi Shankarachary Mandir
Narsing Mandir
Auli Gursaun Mandir
Hanuman Mandir
Tapovan
Gauri Shankar Mandir
Bhavishya Badri
Neeti Valley temples
Vishnu Prayag
Hemkund
Lokpal
Kakbhushandi lake
Pandukeshwar temples
Seeta tapsthali
Koteshwar
Gandera mahadev
Girsa Mandir
Jilasu
Pilgrim Places, Shrines of Rudraprayag Garhwal
Kedarnath
Rudraprayag
Koteswar
Umanarayan
Agystmuni Mandir
Saneshwar Mandir
Ukhimath
Tungnath
Makkumath
Guptkashi
Narayankoti
Jakhdevta
Kalimath
Kaviltha
Kotimahashwari
Rucch Mahadev
Kalishila
Triyuginarayan Region temples
Gaura mai Mandir
Kartikey Swami
Hariyali Devi
Mathiyana
Nanda Devi mandir , Kameda
Narayan Mandir, Gadmil
Narayan Mandir , Chopda
Temples in Bairangana
Shivalay Marud
Nanda Devi , Ratuda
Lakshmi Narayan mandir , Shivanandi
Vanasur Gadh mandir
Jamu (jamdneshwar ) mandir
SOnprayag temples
Shakmabari Devi
Durga Devi mandir, Fegu
Rajrajeshwari , Taltoli
Lalita Devi mandir, Nala
Ashtbhuja Mandir , Byung
Mahrshimardani Mandir
Kushmanda Devi mandir
Ufrain Devi mandir
Rnajit Rishi Mandir
Bhimsen Mandir
Aniruddh Mandir , Lamgaundi
Ganesh Mandir , Mund Katya
Bhairav mandir Chaibasa
Garud and other temples in Garudchatti buddh temples , nala
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 19/12/2014
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -516
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter ….
History of Characteristics of Garhwal Kings Shah dynasty, to be continued
XX
Notes on Garhwal ka Itihas, Garhwal ka Madhy Yugin Itihas , South Asian Modern Period History of Garhwal; South Asian Modern Period History of Pauri Garhwal; South Asian Modern Period History of Chamoli Garhwal; South Asian Modern Period History of Rudraprayag Garhwal; South Asian Modern History of Tehri Garhwal; South Asian Modern History of Uttarkashi Garhwal; South Asian Modern Period History of Dehradun, Garhwal; Modern History of Haridwar ; South Asian Modern Period History of Manglaur, Haridwar; South Asian Modern Period History of Rurkee Haridwar ; South Asian Modern Period History of Bahadarpur Haridwar ; South Asian Modern Period History of Haridwar district, South Asian History of Bijnor old Garhwal
Xx
Pilgrim Places, Shrines of Garhwal in Pal /Shah Period and of Later Period; Pilgrim Places, Shrines of Dehradun, Garhwal in Pal /Shah Period and of Later Period; Pilgrim Places, Shrines of Uttarkashi Garhwal in Pal /Shah Period and of Later Period; Pilgrim Places, Shrines of Tehri Garhwal in Pal /Shah Period and of Later Period; Pilgrim Places, Shrines of Pauri Garhwal in Pal /Shah Period and of Later Period; Pilgrim Places, Shrines of Chamoli Garhwal in Pal /Shah Period and of Later Period; Pilgrim Places, Shrines of Rudraprayag Garhwal in Pal /Shah Period and of Later Period;
स्वच्छ भारत ! स्वच्छ भारत ! बुद्धिमान भारत
Bhishma Kukreti:
History aspects - Entertainment by Folk Games in Garhwal in Pal /Shah Period
Entertainment in Garhwal – 1
Administration, Social and Cultural Characteristics History of Garhwal in Shah Dynasty -79
History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -269
History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -516
By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)
Folk Games of Garhwal could be divided into following types-
Folk Games for special Occasions
Competitive Traditional Games
Guessing Folk Games and games where drawing is involved
Hunting Folk Games
Board or Paper based Folk Games
Gambling Folk Games
Physical Skill Folk Games
Water Folk Games
Cradle Folk Games
Imitation games
Singing Games
The scholars can classify Traditional Folk Games/Sports from Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar as under –
Women Folk Games
Men Folk Games
Children folk games
Women and Men Folk Games
Children and Older men –women Game
Folk games of Garhwal could also be divided into following types
Indoor Folk Games from Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar (Uttarakhand)
Outdoor Folk Games from Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar (Uttarakhand)
Marriage or Specific Event Folk Games from Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar (Uttarakhand)
Board Folk Games from Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar (Uttarakhand)
Property Folk Games from Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar (Uttarakhand)
-In old time, following games used to played by people-
Ayedi or folk game - hunting
Antakshari
Various Marriage party folk games
Iktangdya or Langdi Tang
Gilli Danda
Luka Chhipi
Ankh michauli
Chor Sipahi
Pathri Fod
Kabbadi
Ritha Bhainswal
Gari or pebbles
Kho kho
Kusti
Jumaping
Chhaumpa Daud or racing
Climbing on trees
Swimming
Swinging on tree
Various other old Indian games
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 19/12/2014
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -517
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter ….
History of Characteristics of Garhwal Kings Shah dynasty, to be continued
XX
Notes on Garhwal ka Itihas, Garhwal ka Madhy Yugin Itihas , South Asian Modern Period History of Garhwal; South Asian Modern Period History of Pauri Garhwal; South Asian Modern Period History of Chamoli Garhwal; South Asian Modern Period History of Rudraprayag Garhwal; South Asian Modern History of Tehri Garhwal; South Asian Modern History of Uttarkashi Garhwal; South Asian Modern Period History of Dehradun, Garhwal; Modern History of Haridwar ; South Asian Modern Period History of Manglaur, Haridwar; South Asian Modern Period History of Rurkee Haridwar ; South Asian Modern Period History of Bahadarpur Haridwar ; South Asian Modern Period History of Haridwar district, South Asian History of Bijnor old Garhwal
Xx
History Aspects of Entertainment by Folk Games in Garhwal in Pal /Shah Period; Entertainment by Folk Games in Dehradun Garhwal in Pal /Shah Period; Entertainment by Folk Games in Haridwar Garhwal in Pal /Shah Period; Entertainment by Folk Games in Pauri Garhwal in Pal /Shah Period; Entertainment by Folk Games in Chamoli Garhwal in Pal /Shah Period; Entertainment by Folk Games in Rudraprayag Garhwal in Pal /Shah Period; Entertainment by Folk Games in Tehri Garhwal in Pal /Shah Period; Entertainment by Folk Games in Uttarkashi Garhwal in Pal /Shah Period;
स्वच्छ भारत ! स्वच्छ भारत ! बुद्धिमान भारत
Bhishma Kukreti:
History Aspects- Entertainment by Folk Dance and Songs in Garhwal in Pal and Shah Period
Entertainment in Garhwal – 2
Administration, Social and Cultural Characteristics History of Garhwal in Shah Dynasty -80
History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -270
History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -517
By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)
There were various types of Folk Dance –Song for entertainment in Garhwal as -
1-Mangal Geet: K-Awhahan Puja geet, Kh-Puja Geet, G-Vivah geet
2-Jagar : Narsingh, , Ngarja, Devi, Hantya, Pandav, Bhairon etc
3-Panwade (Chivalry songs ): Historical and non -historical
4-Tantra Mantra
5-Thadya
6-Chaufula
7-Khuded
8-Baramasa
9-Kulachar
10-Pasara
11-Vasanti
12-Hori
13-Bajuband
14-Laman
15-Chhopati
16-Lori geet
17-Patkhai men Chhuda
18-Naunyali
19-Chaumasa
20-Duda
21-Samayik
The Garhwali Folk Scholar Dr, Nand Kishor Hatwal divided Garhwali Folk dance- Songs from the point of view of Poetic Styles in following types-
1-Tek Shaili or Style
2-Pattdar Shaili or Style
3-Tek aur Pattdar or Tek shaili and Pattdar Style
4- Bina Tek aur bina Pattdar or Without Tek shaili and Pattdar Style
5-Sanvadatmak Shaili or Dailogue Style
6-Sambodhan or Vocative Style
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 20/12/2014
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -518
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter ….
History of Characteristics of Garhwal Kings Shah dynasty, to be continued
XX
Notes on Garhwal ka Itihas, Garhwal ka Madhy Yugin Itihas , South Asian Modern Period History of Garhwal; South Asian Modern Period History of Pauri Garhwal; South Asian Modern Period History of Chamoli Garhwal; South Asian Modern Period History of Rudraprayag Garhwal; South Asian Modern History of Tehri Garhwal; South Asian Modern History of Uttarkashi Garhwal; South Asian Modern Period History of Dehradun, Garhwal; Modern History of Haridwar ; South Asian Modern Period History of Manglaur, Haridwar; South Asian Modern Period History of Rurkee Haridwar ; South Asian Modern Period History of Bahadarpur Haridwar ; South Asian Modern Period History of Haridwar district, South Asian History of Bijnor old Garhwal
Xx
History Aspects - Entertainment by Folk Dance and Songs in Haridwar Garhwal in Pal and Shah Period; Entertainment by Folk Dance and Songs in Dehradun Garhwal in Pal and Shah Period; Entertainment by Folk Dance and Songs in Uttarkashi Garhwal in Pal and Shah Period; Entertainment by Folk Dance and Songs in Tehri Garhwal in Pal and Shah Period; Entertainment by Folk Dance and Songs in Rudraprayag Garhwal in Pal and Shah Period; Entertainment by Folk Dance and Songs in Chamoli Garhwal in Pal and Shah Period; Entertainment by Folk Dance and Songs in Pauri Garhwal in Pal and Shah Period;
स्वच्छ भारत ! स्वच्छ भारत ! बुद्धिमान भारत
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