MeraPahad Community Of Uttarakhand Lovers

 Folktale about Revenge of a Garhwali Woman against Gorkha Commander

History Analysis: Gorkha Folk Tales and Sayings, Reports about Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Kumaon, Garhwal, Himachal -5

History of Gorkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -65
   
   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -584
 
                        By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)

        Upadhyaya offered following folktale in his book Nepal ko Itihas –Digdarshan.
       When Gurkha/Gorkha attacked on Shrinagar, Garhwal King Pradyuman Shah had to flee in Today’s Tehri Garhwal region by crossing Alaknanda River. Gorkha/Gurkha army led by Commander Nain Singh entered into Shrinagar by elephant Ride. His soldiers were dancing and playing War Folk Dramas and singing.
           When Commander Nain Singh Thapa was busy in watching Gorkha soldiers dance and drama he got a gun shot on his chest. The gun shot came from a double story building crossing the main road. Nain Singh Thapa became unconscious and fell from Elephant. There was chaos among Gurkha/Gorkha soldiers. At the same time another gun shot came from the same building and holed the right side of assistant Gurkha commander Dalbam Shah. Dalbam Shah fell on the ground.
  Gorkha soldiers ran to find that cowardly person who was shooting guns from behind the scene. They found a bodily soft, beautiful and charming woman was firing on Gorkha soldiers. She  fired eight ten fires on soldiers those came to find the gun man. Four or five soldiers fell down by her firing. At last soldiers captured her and took her in the captive.
          When Nain Singh Thapa got conscious he heard the story of a woman firing on Gurkha/Gorkha army.  Gurkha/Gorkha commander Nain Singh Thapa called the woman before him. When the soldiers brought the woman before Nain Singh Thapa she was showing courage and had revengeful emotions on her face.
 Nain Singh Thapa asked – Lady! Why did you fire on us?
The brave lady answered – “I am the wife of martyr Garhwal Army Commander Kirti Singh. Your army killed my husband and he died. I have every right to fire on you and kill as much I can.  I have fulfilled my duty and now, I can die with peace as brave widow of brave soldier. I am sorry I could not offer my life while fighting. Now, I request you to kill me as brave woman. “
 Dalbam Pande asked Nain Singh Thapa to kill the woman immediately. However, Nain Singh was in praising mood for that brave and faithful for her husband woman.  Nain Singh said,” I am pleased to see such great brave lady. I wish to send you to Nepal and recommending that Nepal court fix a pension for you.”
The brave Garhwali woman refused the kindness and recommendation of Nain Singh Thapa. She replied,” I want to die with body of my deceased husband who died while fighting with his enemy”
       Nain Singh ordered to search the dead body of Kirti Singh the husband of that brave lady. Gurkha/Gorkha soldiers found the dead body o f commander Kirti Singh .The brave lady died with the pyre of her husband Kirti Singh.
 Nain Singh Thapa died in Shrinagar after three days of the woman became Sati (burning with husband dead body).
                History Discussion on the Folk Tale of Revenge of a Garhwali Woman

 The above folktale does not match with available history records. According to Maulram, Nain Singh Thapa died in second attempt for capturing Kangra fort. Surprisingly, there was no Garhwali folktale related to wife of Kirti Singh.

*** History of Gorkha/Gurkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) to be continued -65

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 17/3//2015
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -585
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX
                    Reference

Atkinson E.T., 1884, 1886 , Gazetteer of  Himalayan Districts …
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021 
Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173
B D pande, Kumaon ka Itihas
Sharma , Nepal kin Aitihasik Rup Rekha
Chaudhari , Anglo  –Nepalese Relations
Pande, Vasudha , Compares Histriographical Traditions of Gorkha Rule in Nepal and Kumaon
Pradhan , Kumar, 1991, The Gorkha Conquests , Oxford University  Press
Minyan Govrdhan Singh , History of Himachal Pradesh
A.P Coleman, 1999, A Special Corps
Captain Thomas Smith, 1852,Narrative of aFive Years Residence at Nepaul Vol.1
Maularm , Ranbahadurchandrika and Garhrajvanshkavya

XXX
Nepal Itihas, Garhwal Itihas, Kumaon Itihas, Himachal Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha ks kumson psr Adhikar Itihas , Gurkha/Gorkha Garhwal par Shasan Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Kumaon, Garhwal Uttarakhand; History Gurkha/Gorkha  Rule in Himachal, Uttarakhand;कुमाऊं , उत्तराखंड का इतिहास ; गढ़वाल , उत्तराखंड का इतिहास ; डोटी , पूर्व उत्तराखंड का इतिहास ;गोरखाओं /गुर्खाओं का कुमाऊं पर अधिकार इतिहास ; गोरखाओं /गुर्खाओं का गढ़वाल पर अधिकार इतिहास ; गोरखाओं /गुर्खाओं का हिमाचल पर अधिकार इतिहास ; गोरखाओं /गुर्खाओं का  इतिहास ; नेपाल इतिहास
Xx
History: Gorkha Folk Tales and Sayings, Reports about Gorkha Rule in Kumaon, Garhwal, Himachal; History: Gorkha Folk Tales and Sayings, Reports about Gorkha Rule in Kumaon,; History: Gorkha Folk Tales and Sayings, Reports about Gorkha Rule in Garhwal; History: Gorkha Folk Tales and Sayings, Reports about Gorkha Rule in Himachal; History: Gorkha Folk Tales and Sayings, Reports about Gorkha Rule and Dealing Ranjit Singh, Himachal;
स्वच्छ भारत !  स्वच्छ भारत ! बुद्धिमान भारत

         History Analysis: Missing of Mola Ram/Maula Ram Manuscripts
History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Garhwal -2

History of Gorkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -67
   
   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -586
 
                        By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)

                Maularam/ Mola Ram was a poet, painter and historian who penned down three rules – Shah Rule, Gurkha/Gorkha Rule and British Rule on Garhwal and about other contemporary personalities. Dr Dabral referred Mola Ram /Maula Ram Gorkha and last Shah Period history, Gurkha and early British Rule abundantly. Dr S.P Dabral and his son Dr Vinay Dabral also did research on and edited his book Garhrajvanshkavya and published in 1977. Learned History scholar Dr Ajay Rawat published Ganika Natika or Garh Gita in 1975.
In a note on Internet (Third Inning) , Dr Tolia mentioned that Dr Dwarika Prasad met  Dr Dwarika Prasad Tomar descendent of Mola Ram/Maula Ram and had an opportunity  see the following  texts–
Mola Ram /Maula Ram Granthvali
Chaturmas Shringar Varnan
Uttarakhand Teerth Mahatamaya
Samudrik Bhasha Gyan
Baramasi Varnan
Manmanth Panth
Manmanth Panth Nirman
Manmanth sagar
Gyanmrit Kavya
IShwar Mahima
 His book Garhrajvanshkavya and Ranbahadurchandrika m, Shamsherjangchandrika offer many insights about Garhwal History.
                   However, Dr Dabral informed that a few or six manuscripts of Mola Ram /Maula Ram are missing. Dr Dabral visited a scholar Budhi Vallabh Thapliyal for Mola Ram /Maula Ram manuscripts. Budhi Vallabh Thapliya got seven poetic Moa Ram /Maula Ram manuscripts including Manmantha Sagar from Baijnath Tomar, Shrinagar the grandson of Mola Ram /Maula Ram in1947. In 1948, Thaplaiyal exhibited those manuscripts in Pauri City. The poetries were written on Pahadi Kagaj (Hill Paper) and black ink. On 7th May 1972, Thapliyal informed Dr Dabral that since, there were some mistakes (spelling point of view) in manuscripts, Thapliyal handed over the manuscript to Gairola an Archeological Chemist of Archeological Department. Thapliyal wanted to check the authenticity of age of ink and paper. Gairola informed to Thapliyal that a person took those manuscripts. When Dr Dabral published Gurkhyani (Uttarakhand ka Itihas -5) , Gairola shifted to Bangkok. 
 There was historical account of Garhwal in Manmanthsagar.
Dr Dabral again offer another important information that When Gurkha/Gorkha commander Kaji Bakhtawar Singh Basnyat reached to Shrinagar in 1810, he met Mola Ram /Maula Ram. Basnyat heard the un- bias historic accounts in poetic form from Mola Ram/ Maula Ram. Basnyat was pleased and he offered gifts to Maula Ram / Mola Ram. Dr Dabral mentioned that Mola Ram /Maula Ram created a long poetry as ‘Bakhtawar –Yes-Chandrika’ and there were accounts about Gorkha Rule history in Garhwal.
                 Miscellaneous Sources of getting information for Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Garhwal
Travelogues – Many tourists as Captain Ripper, Lieutenant Veb, Captain Hiyarse, Colebrook, Moorcroft,   Rutherford, Hansson etc travelled various parts of Garhwal in Gurkha or in Britihs period and offered historical information.
   Historians get information from various archeological museums and history museums too.
 



** History, Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Garhwal...Remaining part, read in next chapter
*** History of Gorkha/Gurkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) to be continued -67

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 19/3//2015
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -587
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX
                    Reference

Atkinson E.T., 1884, 1886 , Gazetteer of  Himalayan Districts …
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021 
Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173
B D pande, Kumaon ka Itihas
Sharma , Nepal kin Aitihasik Rup Rekha
Chaudhari , Anglo  –Nepalese Relations
Pande, Vasudha , Compares Histriographical Traditions of Gorkha Rule in Nepal and Kumaon
Pradhan , Kumar, 1991, The Gorkha Conquests , Oxford University  Press
Minyan Govrdhan Singh , History of Himachal Pradesh
A.P Coleman, 1999, A Special Corps
Captain Thomas Smith, 1852,Narrative of aFive Years Residence at Nepaul Vol.1
Maularm , Ranbahadurchandrika and Garhrajvanshkavya

XXX
Nepal Itihas, Garhwal Itihas, Kumaon Itihas, Himachal Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha ks kumson psr Adhikar Itihas , Gurkha/Gorkha Garhwal par Shasan Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Kumaon, Garhwal Uttarakhand; History Gurkha/Gorkha  Rule in Himachal, Uttarakhand;कुमाऊं , उत्तराखंड का इतिहास ; गढ़वाल , उत्तराखंड का इतिहास ; डोटी , पूर्व उत्तराखंड का इतिहास ;गोरखाओं /गुर्खाओं का कुमाऊं पर अधिकार इतिहास ; गोरखाओं /गुर्खाओं का गढ़वाल पर अधिकार इतिहास ; गोरखाओं /गुर्खाओं का हिमाचल पर अधिकार इतिहास ; गोरखाओं /गुर्खाओं का  इतिहास ; नेपाल इतिहास
Xx
History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Garhwal; History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Pauri Garhwal; History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Chamoli Garhwal; History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Rudraprayag Garhwal; History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Tehri Garhwal; History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Uttarkashi Garhwal; History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Dehradun Garhwal;
                          ::: ====स्वच्छ भारत!  स्वच्छ भारत ! बुद्धिमान भारत====:::

 History: Judiciary and Executive Gurkha/ Gorkha Administrative Officers in Garhwal

History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Garhwal -4

History of Gorkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -69
   
   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -588
 
                        By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)

     Higher cadres from Gurkha/Gorkha Army and administration were busy in Himachal after winning Garhwal. Therefore, Gurkha appointed representatives for micro administration in Kumaon and Garhwal. There were Vichari (Judiciary) and ‘Achari (Executives) officers appointed for Gurkha /Gorkha micro administration in Garhwal. According to Atkinson, these judiciary and executive officers used their power autocratically. There was no ethical supervision over those judiciary and executive officers from Nepal.
 Nepotism appointment was a custom in Nepal for administrating Garhwal. The higher officers used to appoint his sons, son in law or other relatives and Nepal court was encouraging such custom. That custom was helping Nepal court for having homogenous system for tight Administration and faithful administration towards Nepal court. 

                         Civil and Army Officers
  There was no differentiating rule for looking after civil administration and army administration. Mostly, the Gurkha /Gorkha administrator has to be a fighter as most of the time he had to be ready for fighting. There was no rule for looking after each and every department separately. Tax collection and suppressing the subject were main jobs for each officer. Nepal court did not use to communicate its officers for society oriented administration. There was internal revelry among administrators. They used to send true or false report against their rival. Overlapping ruling or administrative system was very common. Many times, an administrator used to levy tax or punishment and rival group or the administrator used to revert the decision. There were also not any specific instructions for administrators from Nepal court for dealing foreign agencies.
                  Garhwal as Exclusive Unit under Gurkha/Gorkha Rule
  Garhwal was exclusive unit for Gurkha/Gorkha administration. Kumaon was separate administrative unit.
There were following administrative divisions for Garhwal-
Shrinagar
Dhangu or Langur (South Garhwal)
Kainyur (Chanpur)
Doon and Tehri were under the above divisions.
Shrinagar was head quarter for Garhwal administration.

** History, Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Garhwal...Remaining part, read in next chapter
*** History of Gorkha/Gurkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) to be continued -69

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 21/3//2015
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -589
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX
                    Reference

Atkinson E.T., 1884, 1886 , Gazetteer of  Himalayan Districts …
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021 
Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173
B D pande, Kumaon ka Itihas
Sharma , Nepal kin Aitihasik Rup Rekha
Chaudhari , Anglo  –Nepalese Relations
Pande, Vasudha , Compares Histriographical Traditions of Gorkha Rule in Nepal and Kumaon
Pradhan , Kumar, 1991, The Gorkha Conquests , Oxford University  Press
Minyan Govrdhan Singh , History of Himachal Pradesh
A.P Coleman, 1999, A Special Corps
Captain Thomas Smith, 1852,Narrative of aFive Years Residence at Nepaul Vol.1
Maula Ram/Mola Ram  , Ranbahadurchandrika and Garhrajvanshkavya

XXX
Nepal Itihas, Garhwal Itihas, Kumaon Itihas, Himachal Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha ks kumson psr Adhikar Itihas , Gurkha/Gorkha Garhwal par Shasan Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Kumaon, Garhwal Uttarakhand; History Gurkha/Gorkha  Rule in Himachal, Uttarakhand;कुमाऊं , उत्तराखंड का इतिहास ; गढ़वाल , उत्तराखंड का इतिहास ; डोटी , पूर्व उत्तराखंड का इतिहास ;गोरखाओं /गुर्खाओं का कुमाऊं पर अधिकार इतिहास ; गोरखाओं /गुर्खाओं का गढ़वाल पर अधिकार इतिहास ; गोरखाओं /गुर्खाओं का हिमाचल पर अधिकार इतिहास ; गोरखाओं /गुर्खाओं का  इतिहास ; नेपाल इतिहास
Xx
History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Garhwal; History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Pauri Garhwal; History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Chamoli Garhwal; History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Rudraprayag Garhwal; History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Tehri Garhwal; History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Uttarkashi Garhwal; History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Dehradun Garhwal; 
History:  Gurkha/Gorkha Army Administration in Old Pauri Garhwal , History:  Gurkha/Gorkha Army Administration in Old Tehri Garhwal,      History:  Gurkha/Gorkha Army Administration in Dehradun, Garhwal; History: Judiciary and Executive Gurkha/ Gorkha Administrative Officers in Garhwal; History: Judiciary and Executive Gurkha/ Gorkha Administrative Officers in Old Pauri Garhwal; History: Judiciary and Executive Gurkha/ Gorkha Administrative Officers in Tehri Garhwal; History: Judiciary and Executive Gurkha/ Gorkha Administrative Officers in Dehradun Garhwal; History: Judiciary and Executive Gurkha/ Gorkha Administrative Officers in Kumaon 
                          ::: ====स्वच्छ भारत!  स्वच्छ भारत ! बुद्धिमान भारत====:::

 History:  Initial Administration Structure by Amar Singh Thapa in Garhwal

History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Garhwal - 6
History of Gorkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -71
   
   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -589
 
                        By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)

                      Initial Administration by Amar Singh Thapa

            After capturing Shrinagar Garhwal, Gurkha /Gorkha Commander Amar Singh Thapa retained the administrative officers of Garhwal Kingdom as Daftari, Bhalmanush, Chakdait etc. Gurkha /Gorkha Commander Amar Singh Thapa started initial administration in Dehradun through Saknyanis. Gurkha /Gorkha Commander Amar Singh Thapa tried to get sympathy and cooperation from elites of Garhwal Kingdom as Mola Ram/Maula Ram etc.  Gurkha /Gorkha Commander Amar Singh Thapa retained the old system of land administration of Garhwal after taking the control of Garhwal and Dehradun. Gurkha /Gorkha Commander Amar Singh Thapa retained the tax collection power on Kamins. Gurkha /Gorkha Commander Amar Singh Thapa did not change the system of collecting toll tax, bridge or river crossing tax etc. Garhwal Kings or Kamins donated land to various Temples and priests. Gurkha /Gorkha Commander Amar Singh Thapa did not change land ownership of temples and priests.  Those administrators supported Gurkha/Gorkha they were retained the Jagir or salaries as was in past. By those acts, Gurkha /Gorkha Commander Amar Singh Thapa did not get any unusual resistance from Garhwal Administrators. Gurkha /Gorkha Commander Amar Singh Thapa handed over the administration of three Tehsil – Shrinagar , Kainyur (Chandpur) and Langur to Nayab (Governors)  Ranjit Kunwar, Sradar Angar and Sradar Parshuram Thapa.

           Gurkha /Gorkha Commander Amar Singh Thapa Ignoring King Family Members
       Gurkha /Gorkha Commander Amar Singh Thapa captured Pritamshah and sent him to Nepal. Parakram Shah fled to Nalagarh (Hindur). Sudarshan Shah took shelter in house of Kriparam Purohit in Kankhal Haridwar. Kankhal was under East India Company; therefore, there was fear for Sudarshan Shah from Gurkha /Gorkha Commander Amar Singh Thapa and his aides.  Chobdar Kishan Singh was given the charge of protecting Prince Sudarshan Shah in Kankhal. Kishan Singh was wounded from left ear to right ear in Khurbura Battle, Dehradun. Gurkha /Gorkha Commander Amar Singh Thapa did not arrange any penson or allaonces for Kingdom families anywhere in Garhwal or in Haridwar. Elites were unhappy but they did not have courage to speak before Gurkha /Gorkha Commander Amar Singh Thapa.
         As soon he captured Garhwal he was sent to Himachal. Therefore from 1805to 1801, Gurkha /Gorkha Commander Amar Singh Thapa did not have any direct say in Garhwal administration.  From 18011-1815, Gurkha /Gorkha Commander Amar Singh Thapa and his son Ranjor Singh Thapa took interest in Garhwal administration.
                        Harshdev Joshi in Kankhal
    Gorkha administration captured Jainarayan Joshi the son of Harshdev Joshi. After demise of Pradyuman Shah, Harshdev Joshi did not have any hope in Kumaon. Frustrated Harshdev Joshi came to Kankhal. He was unable to go directly against to Gurkha/Gorkha as his son was in prison in Nepal.
 Harshdev Joshi saw that Gorkha/Gorkha were selling Garhwalis as slaves in Kankhal. The trouble for Kumaon and Garhwal came due to selfish interest of Harshadev Joshi and he saw the Garhwali people being sold as goats and sheep in Haridwar.
  Harsh Dev Joshi made contacts with British India Civil Servant or Resident William Fraser and sent him many letters about Gorkha/Gurkha suppression Uttarakhand.   He used to send letters to Ranbahadur too. He was again frustrated by killing of Ranbahadur in Nepal as he was hopeful getting honor from Ranbahadur.
  Harshdev Joshi had regular contacts too with Prince Sudarshan Shah in Kankhal.

** History, Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Garhwal...Remaining part, read in next chapter
*** History of Gorkha/Gurkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) to be continued -72

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 23/3//2015
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -591
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX
                    Reference

Atkinson E.T., 1884, 1886 , Gazetteer of  Himalayan Districts …
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021 
Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173
B D pande, Kumaon ka Itihas
Sharma , Nepal ko Aitihasik Rup Rekha
Chaudhari , Anglo  –Nepalese Relations
Pande, Vasudha , Compares Histriographical Traditions of Gorkha Rule in Nepal and Kumaon
Pradhan , Kumar, 1991, The Gorkha Conquests , Oxford University  Press
Minyan Govrdhan Singh , History of Himachal Pradesh
A.P Coleman, 1999, A Special Corps
Captain Thomas Smith, 1852,Narrative of aFive Years Residence at Nepaul Vol.1
Maula Ram/Mola Ram  , Ranbahadurchandrika and Garhrajvanshkavya

XXX
Nepal Itihas, Garhwal Itihas, Kumaon Itihas, Himachal Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha ks kumson psr Adhikar Itihas , Gurkha/Gorkha Garhwal par Shasan Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Kumaon, Garhwal Uttarakhand; History Gurkha/Gorkha  Rule in Himachal, Uttarakhand;कुमाऊं , उत्तराखंड का इतिहास ; गढ़वाल , उत्तराखंड का इतिहास ; डोटी , पूर्व उत्तराखंड का इतिहास ;गोरखाओं /गुर्खाओं का कुमाऊं पर अधिकार इतिहास ; गोरखाओं /गुर्खाओं का गढ़वाल पर अधिकार इतिहास ; गोरखाओं /गुर्खाओं का हिमाचल पर अधिकार इतिहास ; गोरखाओं /गुर्खाओं का  इतिहास ; नेपाल इतिहास
Xx
History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Garhwal; History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Pauri Garhwal; History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Chamoli Garhwal; History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Rudraprayag Garhwal; History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Tehri Garhwal; History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Uttarkashi Garhwal; History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Dehradun Garhwal; 
History:  Gurkha/Gorkha Army Administration in Old Pauri Garhwal , History:  Gurkha/Gorkha Army Administration in Old Tehri Garhwal,      History:  Gurkha/Gorkha Army Administration in Dehradun, Garhwal; History: Judiciary and Executive Gurkha/ Gorkha Administrative Officers in Garhwal; History: Judiciary and Executive Gurkha/ Gorkha Administrative Officers in Old Pauri Garhwal; History: Judiciary and Executive Gurkha/ Gorkha Administrative Officers in Tehri Garhwal; History: Judiciary and Executive Gurkha/ Gorkha Administrative Officers in Dehradun Garhwal; History: Judiciary and Executive Gurkha/ Gorkha Administrative Officers in Kumaon 
                          ::: ====स्वच्छ भारत!  स्वच्छ भारत ! बुद्धिमान भारत====:::

 History: Administration of Gurkha/Gorkha Governor Hastidal Chautariya in Garhwal 

History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Garhwal - 8
History of Gorkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -73
   
   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -592
 
                        By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)

            Hasti Dal Chautariya was first Gurkha/Gorkha Governor of Garhwal. He was Governor of Garhwal from 1805-1808AD.
          Thapa group was heading the total rule as proxy of Nepal King in Kathmandu. Thapa goup had its own warriors campaigning in West of Nepal. Thapa group was conscious about Chautariya revolting in Nepal and acts for de-rooting Thapa Group. When Gurkha/Gorkha captured Garhwal people migrated in mass from Garhwal including Dehradun. It was necessary of Gurkha/Gorkha administers in Nepal that they sent a calm person in Garhwal for bringing situation under control.
   Gurkha/Gorkha administrators sent Ritudhwaj Thapa, Vijay Singh Sahi and Haridatt Oza for improving situation of land revenues and bad perception among Kumaoni Subjects for Gurkha/Gorkha in Kumaon. At the same time, Gurkha/Gorkha sent Hasti Dal Chautariya as Governor for Garhwal.  Rudravir Shah the Brother Hasti Dal Chautariya was sent for Kangra Campaign in 1805.
        Gurkha/Gorkha Governor of Garhwal Hasti Dal Chautariya was a young man of 43-44 ages. Asiatic Research offered information about Gurkha/Gorkha Governor Hasti Dal Chautariya.
              He was of medium height and fatter than common people. Gurkha/Gorkha Governor Hast Dal Chautariya was a pleasant person and good natured person too. Gurkha/Gorkha Governor of Garhwal Hasti Dal Chautariya was a liberal person and used to forgive for petty mistakes.  Gurkha/Gorkha Governor of Garhwal Hasti Dal Chautariya tried to subdue the anger of subjects of Garhwal and Dehradun and tried to satisfy the people. Williams in Memoir of Dehradun informed that Gurkha/Gorkha Governor of Garhwal Hasti Dal Chautariya was interested in agriculture and understood agriculture too.

           Hasti Dal Chautariya improving Administration  in Dehradun
                 By people deserting villages and Gurkha/Gorkha harassing, punishing Mahant Harsevak Ram, the villages of Dehradun were desert like. Gurkha/Gorkha Governor of Garhwal Hasti Dal Chautariya retained the position of Guru Ram Rai Darbar Mahant Har Sewak Ram. Gurkha/Gorkha Governor of Garhwal Hasti Dal Chautariya returned back all the power and benefits of Mahant Har Sevak Ram. Mahant Har Sevak Ram had great influence on the people of Dehradun. Gurkha/Gorkha Governor of Garhwal Hasti Dal Chautariya encouraged people to return to their villages and engage in agriculture activities. Agricultural activities increased but slowly. In Pradyuman Period, the annual income from Doon valley was one lakh rupees. It was just nine thousand rupees in initial Gorkha/Gurkha rule. However, within three years it increased sixteen thousand rupees and then eighteen rupees.
        Curtailing Looters Looting in Dehradun in Hasti Dal Chautariya Period
 For years, the Jat, Rohilas, Ranghad, gujjar, looters from Haridwar plains, Sahranpur and Sikh Looters used to attack on Dehradun villagers and used to loot regularly.
         British took steps to stop looting in Saharanpur of Sikh looters. However, Sikh Looters regularly looted Dehradun in initial Gurkha/Gorkha time too. Gorkha local administrator challenged to Sikh Looters that if they would come to Dehradun, Gurkha would burn the villagers of Sikh Looters. Sikh Looters did not pay attention of Gurkha cautions. A Group of Sikh Looters came to loot Dehradun and called villagers to pay Tribute (protection money). Local Gurkha/Gorkha administrator sent 200 Gurkha/Gorkha soldiers to fight with Sikh Looters. Gurkha/Gorkha soldiers followed Sikh Looters till their villages, Gurkha/Gorkha soldiers burnt the houses of Sikh Looters and if any Sikh child or male was escaping, he was thrown into burning houses. Gurkha/Gorkha soldiers protected only beautiful women. Gurkha/Gorkha soldiers took the beautiful Sikh women with them.
   Williams reported the above incidents and wrote further that though, the above acts was inhuman and cruelest ones but there afterwards the Sikh Looters lessened entering into Dehradun region .


  Encouraging Agriculture in Dehradun by Mahant Har Sevak Ram and Gurkha Representative Kaji Amrit

   Guru Har Sevak Ram and Gurkha/Gorkha regent Kaji Amrit worked hard for improving agriculture in Dehradun. Gurkha/Gorkha Governor of Garhwal Hasti Dal Chautariya took a few concrete steps to improve agriculture. Gurkha/Gorkha Governor of Garhwal Hasti Dal Chautariya offered Takabi Rin (loan) to farmers for coming forward in agriculture. Gurkha/Gorkha Governor of Garhwal Hasti Dal Chautariya offered incentives to Sayana (village chief or leader) those encouraged villagers for agriculture. Encouraged by incentives, Sayana (Village leader or chiefs) invited back the farmers. Gurkha/Gorkha Governor of Garhwal Hasti Dal Chautariya also set a nominal tax on agriculture (twelve part or sixteenth part of crop) production. The region as Klyanpur became prosperous due to encouraging acts of Gurkha administration.

              Bam Shah as Gurkha /Gorkha Governor of Kumaon

  Ritudhwaj Thapa, Vijay Singh Sahi and Hardatt Singh were administrators of Kumaon at that time. Rituraj Thapa was called back to Nepal and he was hung in Doti for a crime (unknown).  Nepal court appointed Bamshah as Governor of Kumaon in place of Ritudhwaj Thapa. Bamshah was elder brother of Gurkha/Gorkha Governor of Garhwal Hasti Dal Chautariya. Bamshah was Kumaon Governor till 1815. Gurkha/Gorkha Governor of Kumaon Bam Shah was also a liberal person. Gurkha/Gorkha Governor of Kumaon Bam Shah tried his best to improve administration Kumaon specially to get support among people for Gurkha.
       Gurkha/Gorkha Governor of Kumaon Bam Shah took support of Brahmins and Jagirdar or Thokdar. Therefore, supporters of Lal Singh Chand could not spread chaos or rebelinism in Kumaon. Gurkha/Gorkha Governor of Kumaon Bam Shah took steps for protection of individual property of Kumaon People. Gurkha/Gorkha Governor of Kumaon Bam Shah retained the Jagirs of previous Jagirdar.
          Gurkha/Gorkha Governor of Kumaon Bam Shah took action for judiciary. Gurkha/Gorkha Governor of Kumaon Bam Shah stopped slavery or selling people who could not pay taxes or punishment money.

   Administration in Hasti Dal Chautariya the Gurkha/Gorkha Governor of Garhwal Period
   There were –
1-Three Tehsils in Garhwal
2-84 Pattis were in Garhwal in Hasti Dal Chautariya the Gurkha/Gorkha Governor of Garhwal Period.
  Ashtdal Thapa, Kaji Ranbahadur and Parshuram Thapa were the chief assisting officers (AS IAS today) in Garhwal in Hasti Dal Chautariya the Gurkha/Gorkha Governor of Garhwal Period.
 There is ‘Fard’ (record) of March 1807, states that Sardar Bhaktivir Thapa was Bhardar or representative of Dhangu region (Gangasalan, Pauri Garhwal). Dhangu region had income of 25 Gurkha soldiers.   

       Auction of Slavs in Garhwal in Hasti Dal Chautariya the Gurkha/Gorkha Governor of Garhwal Period
  Kumaon Governor Bam Shah stopped slave selling in Kumaon. However,  Hasti Dal Chautariya the Gurkha/Gorkha Governor of Garhwal did not stop slave selling system in Garhwal.
  When a person or family was unable to pay taxes decided by local Gurkha/Gorkha representative his land was auctioned along with family members. If any person/family members were not purchased as slaves in auction, such people were sent to Bhimgoda near Har Ki Paidi, Haridwar for selling. There slaves were auctioned.
 The price for a slave used to be from rupees 10 to 150. In, Hasti Dal Chautariya the Gurkha/Gorkha Governor of Garhwal period, the average price for Punjabi Camel was rupees 75; Horses from 250-350.

  Female Slaves and Keti of Individual Gurkha/Gorkha Soldiers
   Apart from selling people in Haridwar, Gurkha/Gorkha soldiers used to have individual female slaves as ‘Rakhail’ (Keep) with them and child slaves. Female slave was called ‘Dasi’ and child slave was called ‘Keti’. Wherever soldiers used to travel, soldier used to take his ‘Rakhail’ and Keti with him. Soldiers took Dasi and Keti with them to Himachal campaign too. ‘Rakhail’ and Keti’ used to take load of soldiers on their head in travelling. It means that ‘Rakhail’ and ‘Keti’ were also transporting medium for Gurkha/Gorkha soldiers.
             Arrival of Captain Raper
   
             East India Company wanted to have information about Garhwal. After taking permission from Nepal court, East India Company sent Captain F.V Raper , Lieutenant W.S Webb and Captain Hearsay ( The Hearsay: Five Generations   of an Anglo Indian Family) to Garhwal for survey. They reached Haridwar on 1st April 1808. Once, a bear attacked on Gurkha Governor Hasti Dal Chautariya and Hearsay saved the life of Hasti Dal Chautariya. Therefore, Hasti dal Chautariya was kind for Raper group. When Bhairon Thapa was appointed as Governor of Garhwal, Hasti Dal Chautariya informed that he could not help much.
         Raper travelled up to near to Bhatwadi, near Gangotri and then he reached to Mana. In return, Raper went to Rampur via Kwarighat, Ramani, Baijnath, Almora.

    Honor to Mola Ram in Hasti Dal Chautariya Period

         Mola ram was honored in Nepal for creating long poems in praise of Ranbahadur.

                 Bhairon Thapa replacing Hasti Dal Chautariya as Garhwal Governor

   In 1806, Nepal court sent Hasti Dal Chautariya, his brother Rudravir Chautariya and Dalbhajan Pande for capturing Kangra Fort. However, due to wise strategy of Kangra King Saansar Chand , he fled with family and Gurkha could not capture Kangra Fort. Amar Singh Thapa informed Nepal Court that Hasti Dal and company took bribe from Kangra King. Hasti Dal Chautariya and others had pay penalty. Hasti Dal Chautariya was replaces from Garhwal Governor post and Nepal Court appointed Bhairon Thapa as Garhwal Governor.


** History, Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Garhwal...Remaining part, read in next chapter
*** History of Gorkha/Gurkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) to be continued in next chapter 

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 25/3//2015
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -593
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX
                    Reference

Atkinson E.T., 1884, 1886 , Gazetteer of  Himalayan Districts …
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021 
Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173
B. D. Pande, Kumaon ka Itihas
Sharma , Nepal ko Aitihasik Rup Rekha
Chaudhari , Anglo  –Nepalese Relations
Pande, Vasudha , Compares Histriographical Traditions of Gorkha Rule in Nepal and Kumaon
Pradhan , Kumar, 1991, The Gorkha Conquests , Oxford University  Press
Minyan Govrdhan Singh , History of Himachal Pradesh
A.P Coleman, 1999, A Special Corps
Captain Thomas Smith, 1852,Narrative of aFive Years Residence at Nepaul Vol.1
Maula Ram/Mola Ram  , Ranbahadurchandrika and Garhrajvanshkavya
J B Fraser , Asiatic Research
Shyam Ganguli, Doon Rediscovered

XXX
Nepal Itihas, Garhwal Itihas, Kumaon Itihas, Himachal Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha ks kumson psr Adhikar Itihas , Gurkha/Gorkha Garhwal par Shasan Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Kumaon, Garhwal Uttarakhand; History Gurkha/Gorkha  Rule in Himachal, Uttarakhand;कुमाऊं , उत्तराखंड का इतिहास ; गढ़वाल , उत्तराखंड का इतिहास ; डोटी , पूर्व उत्तराखंड का इतिहास ;गोरखाओं /गुर्खाओं का कुमाऊं पर अधिकार इतिहास ; गोरखाओं /गुर्खाओं का गढ़वाल पर अधिकार इतिहास ; गोरखाओं /गुर्खाओं का हिमाचल पर अधिकार इतिहास ; गोरखाओं /गुर्खाओं का  इतिहास ; नेपाल इतिहास
Xx
History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Garhwal; History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Pauri Garhwal; History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Chamoli Garhwal; History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Rudraprayag Garhwal; History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Tehri Garhwal; History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Uttarkashi Garhwal; History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Dehradun Garhwal; 
History:  Gurkha/Gorkha Army Administration in Old Pauri Garhwal , History:  Gurkha/Gorkha Army Administration in Old Tehri Garhwal,      History:  Gurkha/Gorkha Army Administration in Dehradun, Garhwal; History: Judiciary and Executive Gurkha/ Gorkha Administrative Officers in Garhwal; History: Judiciary and Executive Gurkha/ Gorkha Administrative Officers in Old Pauri Garhwal; History: Judiciary and Executive Gurkha/ Gorkha Administrative Officers in Tehri Garhwal; History: Judiciary and Executive Gurkha/ Gorkha Administrative Officers in Dehradun Garhwal; History: Judiciary and Executive Gurkha/ Gorkha Administrative Officers in Kumaon
 History:  Rule of Hastidal Chautariya  Garhwal, History:  general Administration of Hastidal Chautariya  Garhwal
                          ::: ====स्वच्छ भारत!  स्वच्छ भारत ! बुद्धिमान भारत====:::