Uttarakhand > Uttarakhand History & Movements - उत्तराखण्ड का इतिहास एवं जन आन्दोलन
History of Kumaon (1000-1790AD) -कुमाऊं का इतिहास (1000 - 1790 ई. )
Bhishma Kukreti:
South Asian Middle Age History Characteristics of Baijnath Katyuri King – Vir Dev /Beer Dev
History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar) - Part 124
South Asian Middle Age History of Katyuri Imperialism of Baijnath/Baidyanath (Uttarakhand, India) - 5
(South Asian Middle Age History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar, Doti Nepal (Uttarakhand, India))- (740-1200 AD)
By: Bhishma Kukreti
According to legend and analysis by historians suggest that Veer Dev was last Emperor of great Katyuri Kingdom.
There was disintegration of Katyuri Kingdom after death of Veer Dev Katyuri. No records or inscriptions are found about Veer Dev. Birdev/Beer Dev/Veer Dev/ Virdev/Vir Dev was cruelest Kings in the history of Uttarakhand as cruel as Gorkha rulers. Still, Uttarakhand perform rituals for Veer Dev as cruel village deity or Ragas.
Title of Veer Dev Katyuri in South Asian Middle Age History Context
‘Maharajadhiraj’ was the title of Veer Dev Katyuri in folk legends as ‘Maharajan ke raja! pedon par fal-ful ni rahond dina’ . That shows that the major part of Baijnath Katyuri kingdom was intact in Virdev period.
Character of Katyuri King Virdev in South Asian Middle Age History Context
Jagar legends suggest that Veer Dev Katyuri was brave, courageous, active, and obstinate/determined. Once he decided he would not leave the work half done and used to complete the decided job. In rage, Katyuri king Beerdev destroyed the high altitude fortes of his chiefs and founded them at low altitude. It is said in legend that he also grounded hills to change hills into plain. Definitely exaggeration is there in those points. The folk song is as-
Hankaro tumaro baba ! jis unchaa gadh neechaa banaya
Neecha gadh uncha banaya , mar gadh maidan bnaya
Hankaro tumara baba ..
Tarni tiriya rhon ni dina
Baruni baakri rhon ni dina
Virdev Katyuri was greedy and used to snatch whatever he liked from his subject. He used to kidnap the girls or women he liked. He used to snatch goats, caws from his subject.
The Jagar criticized Veer Dev Katyuri for his marrying with maternal aunt Teela as-
‘Mami tile Dhari bola …’
Revenue and Taxation in Vir Dev Katyuri Period in South Asian Middle Age History Context
The tax was collected in kind as there is no proof of coins. The government emplyess were strict in collecting taxes in kind. They never provided relaxation even in worst time of drought or flood. The following folk saying provides the taxation custom in South Asian Middle Age Katyuri King Virdev –
Banja ghat ki bhag ugauni , banji gai ki doodh chheenee
The people had to provide tax of flour. The king employees used to filter the flour by seven mats. The tax was given by finest flour sieved through seven mats.
In case of shortage of tax, the king used to seize sons and daughters as slaves.
The king was passionate to get fresh water from Hatchhina spring. People used to stand in line from Hatchhina spring near Kasuani to palace for twelve miles. Then water vassal form spring was transferred from person to person.
Death of Veer Dev Katyuri King in South Asian Middle Age History Context
The king used to fasten iron rings on the shoulders of the litter bearers and pass through them with poles of Dandi or Pinas so that the bearers would not throw him into down valley or precipice. However, the bearers threw him down and also sacrificed their lives for good to all people
This way the dynasty of this Katyuri branch also ended. However, other branches of Katyuri flourished in Kumaon and parts of present Nepal.
Period of Baidnath Katyuri Kingdom –
Narsingh Dev, PritmaDev, Dhamdev, Brahmadev and Veer Dev Katyuri – 1000-to 1090 or 1100 AD
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti -bckukreti@gmail.com 23/8/2013
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand) to be continued… Part -125
South Asian Middle Age History of Baijnath/Baidyanath Katyuri to be continued…
(Oriental Middle Age History (740-1200 AD to be continued…)
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Notes on South Asian Middle Age History Characteristics of Baijnath Katyuri King – Vir Dev /Beer dev; Asian Middle Age History Characteristics of Baijnath Katyuri King – Vir Dev /Beer Dev of Pithoragarh Kumaon; Asian Middle Age History Characteristics of Baijnath Katyuri King – Vir Dev /Beer Dev of Champawat Kumaon; Asian Middle Age History Characteristics of Baijnath Katyuri King – Vir Dev /Beer Dev of Hatchhina Kumaon; Asian Middle Age History Characteristics of Baijnath Katyuri King – Vir Dev /Beer Dev of Kasauni Kumaon; Asian Middle Age History Characteristics of Baijnath Katyuri King – Vir Dev /Beer Dev of Bagshwar Kumaon; Asian Middle Age History Characteristics of Baijnath Katyuri King – Vir Dev /Beer Dev of Dwarhat Kumaon; Asian Middle Age History Characteristics of Baijnath Katyuri King – Vir Dev /Beer Dev of Almora Kumaon; Asian Middle Age History Characteristics of Baijnath Katyuri King – Vir Dev /Beer Dev of Udham Sing Nagar Kumaon; Asian Middle Age History Characteristics of Baijnath Katyuri King – Vir Dev /Beer Dev of Nainital Kumaon; Asian Middle Age History Characteristics of Baijnath Katyuri King – Vir Dev /Beer Dev ofPali Kumaon; Asian Middle Age History Characteristics of Baijnath Katyuri King – Vir Dev /Beer Dev of Kaliganga valley Kumaon; Asian Middle Age History Characteristics of Baijnath Katyuri King – Vir Dev /Beer Dev of Bhikiyasain Kumaon; Asian Middle Age History Characteristics of Baijnath Katyuri King – Vir Dev /Beer Dev of Doti Nepal ; Asian Middle Age History Characteristics of Baijnath Katyuri King – Vir Dev /Beer Dev of Garhwal; Asian Middle Age History Characteristics of Baijnath Katyuri King – Vir Dev /Beer Dev of Haridwar; Asian Middle Age History Characteristics of Baijnath Katyuri King – Vir Dev /Beer Dev of Uttarakhand ; Asian Middle Age History Characteristics of Baijnath Katyuri King – Vir Dev /Beer Dev about history of North India; Asian Middle Age History Characteristics of Baijnath Katyuri King – Vir Dev /Beer Dev for history of India
Bhishma Kukreti:
Oriental Middle Age History Characteristics of Katyuri King – Tribhuwan Pal Dev
History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar) - Part 125
Oriental Middle Age History of Katyuri Imperialism of Baijnath/Baidyanath (Uttarakhand, India) - 6
(Oriental Middle Age History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar, Doti Nepal (Uttarakhand, India))- (740-12500 AD)
By: Bhishma Kukreti
Though, the major Katyuri Kingdom disintegrated after Vir Dev Katyuri, yet, other Katyuri families ruled over Doti Nepal, Askot, and other places as Manilashikhar. The Manral caste is definitely Katyuri caste.
Katyuri King – Tribhuwan Pal Dev and his Successors in Context Oriental Middle Age History
Tribhuvanpaldev donated land for Bageshwar temple
There was one rock inscription in Baidnath , Kumaon about Tribhuvanpaldev. The Doti and Askot inscriptions provide the name as Trilokpal the successor of Brahmdev. Kumaon historians Ram Datt Tripathi and Badri Datt Pandey refer the name as Tribhuvanraj Dev.
Family Tree of Tribhuvanpal Dev or Tribhuvanraj Dev
Dr. Dabral state the following kings were after Vri Dev Katyuri Tribhuvanpal Dev or Tribhuvanraj Dev
SN.---------King Name ------------------Base for Information ---------------------------App Date
1-----------Tribhuvanpaldev----------------Unpublished inscription ---------------------?
2----------?---------------------------------------Ram Dev Tirpathi -----------------------------?
3---------?---------------------------------------Ram Dev Tripathi -------------------------------?
4------------Udaypaldev--------------------Unp. Inscriptions ------------------------------------- 1152
5------------ Anantpaldev------------------ Unp. Inscriptions-------------------------------------1181
6------------- Indradev ------------------------Unpb . Copper Inscription------------------------1202
7-------------- Vijaypaldev-----------------------Rahul, Kumaon ----------------------------------1214
8--------------Lakshmanpaldev -------------------- Unp. Inscriptions --------------------------?
9--------------Ballaldev ------------------------------Krachaldev inscription ---------------------1223
It seems that son and grandson of Tribhuvanpaldev were weak rulers and the regional army chiefs would have captured the territory as kings.
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti -bckukreti@gmail.com 24/8/2013
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand) to be continued… Part -126
South Asian Middle Age History of Baijnath/Baidyanath Katyuri to be continued…
(Oriental Middle Age History (740-1200 AD to be continued…)
Xx xxx xxxx
Notes on History Characteristics of Katyuri King – Tribhuwan Pal Dev in context Oriental Middle Age; History Characteristics of Katyuri King of Kumaon – Tribhuwan Pal Dev in context Oriental Middle Age; History Characteristics of Katyuri King of Pali Kumaon – Tribhuwan Pal Dev in context Oriental Middle Age; History Characteristics of Katyuri King of Askot Kumaon – Tribhuwan Pal Dev in context Oriental Middle Age; History Characteristics of Katyuri King of Dwarhat Kumaon – Tribhuwan Pal Dev in context Oriental Middle Age; History Characteristics of Katyuri King of Manshikhar Kumaon – Tribhuwan Pal Dev in context Oriental Middle Age; History Characteristics of Katyuri King ofDoti Nepal – Tribhuwan Pal Dev in context Oriental Middle Age; History Characteristics of Katyuri King of Palipachhaun Kumaon – Tribhuwan Pal Dev in context Oriental Middle Age; History Characteristics of Katyuri King of Chaukat Kumaon – Tribhuwan Pal Dev in context Oriental Middle Age; History Characteristics of Katyuri King of Sainmapur Kumaon – Tribhuwan Pal Dev in context Oriental Middle Age; History Characteristics of Katyuri King of Almora Kumaon – Tribhuwan Pal Dev in context Oriental Middle Age; History Characteristics of Katyuri King of Champawat Kumaon – Tribhuwan Pal Dev in context Oriental Middle Age; History Characteristics of Katyuri King of Nainital Kumaon – Tribhuwan Pal Dev in context Oriental Middle Age; History Characteristics of Katyuri King of Udham Singh Pur Kumaon – Tribhuwan Pal Dev in context Oriental Middle Age;
Bhishma Kukreti:
Himalayan Middle Age History Characteristics of Katyuri King –Uday Pal
History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar) - Part 126
Himalayan Middle Age History of Katyuri Imperialism of Baijnath/Baidyanath (Uttarakhand, India) - 7
(Himalayan Middle Age History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar, Doti Nepal (Uttarakhand, India))- (740-1250 AD)
By: Bhishma Kukreti
There are no folk sayings or records available for son and grandson of Tribhuvanpal Katyuri king. However, inscription provides name of Uday Pal the great grandson of Tribhuvanpal Katyuri. Rahul Sankritayan guessed crowning of Uday Pal Katyuri in 1152 AD.
The two important historical events are very crucial in the period of Uday Pal Katyuri rule. The first important event is a person named as Jaytung Singh becoming King of Kumau (Kumaon) and visit by Madhvacharya in Uttarakhand. Jaytung Singh was the first Kumaoni king whose last name ends by Singh. The kingdom of Jaytung Singh was new dynasty in Kumaon. The rock inscription provides the knowledge of three kings of Jaytung Singh dynasty.
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti -bckukreti@gmail.com 24/8/2013
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand) to be continued… Part -127
Himalayan Middle Age History of Baijnath/Baidyanath Katyuri to be continued…
(Himalayan Middle Age History (740-1200 AD to be continued…)
Xx xxx xxxx
Notes on Himalayan Middle Age History Characteristics of Katyuri King –Uday Pal; Himalayan Middle Age History Characteristics of Katyuri King –Uday Pal of Kumaon; Himalayan Middle Age History Characteristics of Katyuri King –Uday Pal of Askot Kumaon; Himalayan Middle Age History Characteristics of Katyuri King –Uday Pal of Johri Kumaon; Himalayan Middle Age History Characteristics of Katyuri King –Uday Pal of Pithoragarh Kumaon; Himalayan Middle Age History Characteristics of Katyuri King –Uday Pal of Dwarhat Kumaon; Himalayan Middle Age History Characteristics of Katyuri King –Uday Pal of Bageshwar Kumaon; Himalayan Middle Age History Characteristics of Katyuri King –Uday Pal of Champawat Kumaon; Himalayan Middle Age History Characteristics of Katyuri King –Uday Pal of Almora Kumaon; Himalayan Middle Age History Characteristics of Katyuri King –Uday Pal of Nainital Kumaon; Himalayan Middle Age History Characteristics of Katyuri King –Uday Pal of Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon; Himalayan Middle Age History Characteristics of Katyuri King –Uday Pal of Kumaon
Bhishma Kukreti:
Arrival of Madhvacharya in Uttarakhand in Baijnath Katyuri King time: a Period of Himalayan Medieval Age
History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar) - Part 127
Himalayan Medieval Age History of Katyuri Imperialism of Baijnath/Baidyanath (Uttarakhand, India) - 8
(Himalayan Medieval Age History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar, Doti Nepal (Uttarakhand, India))- (740-1250 AD)
By: Bhishma Kukreti
Arrival of Madhvacharya in Garhwal in Katyuri King –Uday Pal Period
There is dispute for life span of Madhvacharya or Purn Prajna or Anand Teerth, the founder of Madhav sect of Hindu religion. Some state that his life span is 1118-1197Ad and others refer as 1199-1278. Madhvacharya was chief proponent of ‘Tattvavad’ or philosophy of reality.
The legends state that Madhvacharya visited Badrikashram twice in his life.
The first visit to Badrikashram by Madhvacharya is supposed to be 1153 AD.
Madhvacharya desired to visit North India and Badri Ashram after completing his tour of South India. Madhvacharya visited Badrikashram and presented his commentary on Geeta to Sage Vyas.
Madhavacharya observed complete silence in Badrikashram for 48 days. Daily, he used to take dip in Ganga.
Sage Vyas presented Madhavacharya three deity sculptures made by Shaligram stones. Madhavacharya founded these sculptures in Subrahmaniyam, Udipi and Madhyasthal temples.
Madhvacharya did ‘darshan’ of Vyasa and Narayan in Badrikashram. After returning from Badrikashram, Madhvacharya wrote commentary on ‘Brahmsutra’.
It is said that he visited Badrikashram twice and after second visit to Badri, Madhvacharya wrote Mahbharata-Tatparya –nirnay.
Effects of Visit by Madhvacharya
The effect of visit by Madhavacharya to Badrikashram on religious tourism of Uttarakhand is still visible.
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti -bckukreti@gmail.com 26/8/2013
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand) to be continued… Part -128
Himalayan Medieval Age History of Baijnath/Baidyanath Katyuri to be continued…
(Himalayan Medieval Age History (740-1200 AD to be continued…)
Xx xxx xxxx
Notes on Madhvacharya visit to Badrinath via Rishikesh Garhwal in Baijnath Katyuri King Time: a Period of Himalayan Medieval Age; Madhvacharya visit via Udaypur region of Garhwal in Baijnath Katyuri King Time: a Period of Himalayan Medieval Age; Madhvacharya visit via Shivpuri Garhwal in Baijnath Katyuri King Time: a Period of Himalayan Medieval Age; Madhvacharya visit via Ful Chatti , Garhwal in Baijnath Katyuri King Time: a Period of Himalayan Medieval Age; Madhvacharya visit via Ghattu Gad , Dhangu, Garhwal in Baijnath Katyuri King Time: a Period of Himalayan Medieval Age; Madhvacharya visit via Garudchatti Garhwal in Baijnath Katyuri King Time: a Period of Himalayan Medieval Age; Madhvacharya visit via Mohanchatti, Dhangu Garhwal in Baijnath Katyuri King Time: a Period of Himalayan Medieval Age; Madhvacharya visit via Nothkhal, Garhwal in Baijnath Katyuri King Time: a Period of Himalayan Medieval Age; Madhvacharya visit via Bandarbhel, Dhangu , Garhwal in Baijnath Katyuri King Time: a Period of Himalayan Medieval Age; Madhvacharya visit via Mhadev Chatti, Dhangu, Garhwal in Baijnath Katyuri King Time: a Period of Himalayan Medieval Age; Madhvacharya visit via Simal, Dhangu Garhwal in Baijnath Katyuri King Time: a Period of Himalayan Medieval Age; Madhvacharya visit via Kandi Garhwal in Baijnath Katyuri King Time: a Period of Himalayan Medieval Age; Madhvacharya visit via Vyaschatti Garhwal in Baijnath Katyuri King Time: a Period of Himalayan Medieval Age; Madhvacharya visit via Dev Prayag, Garhwal in Baijnath Katyuri King Time: a Period of Himalayan Medieval Age; Madhvacharya visit via Pandukeshwar . Garhwal in Baijnath Katyuri King Time: a Period of Himalayan Medieval Age
Bhishma Kukreti:
Disintegration of Uttarakhand in Anantpaldev Katyuri Time of Himalayan Medieval Age
History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar) - Part 128
Himalayan Medieval Age History of Katyuri Imperialism of Baijnath/Baidyanath (Uttarakhand, India) - 9
(Himalayan Medieval Age History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar, Doti Nepal (Uttarakhand, India))- (740-1250 AD)
By: Bhishma Kukreti
King Anantpaldev Katyuri
The Dungiri or Drongiri rock inscription (place above Dwarhat, Kumaon) states a king named Anantpaldev. The year is 1238Samvat or 1181 AD. That means king Anantpaldev was the fourth generation king in Tribhuwanpaldev dynasty of Katyuri of Baidyanath.
At the end of twelfth century around 1175 there was total disintegration of Katyuri kingdom or it might be said this was the period when Uttarakhand was totally disintegrated.
Separation of Garhwal Region from Katyuri Kingdom
Before, Anantpaldev Katyuri, Salan Garhwal and Dehradun regions were separated from Katyuri kingdom. At the time of Anantpaldev, there was separation of Nagpur, Pindar and Mayapurhat (Haridwar). The governors of these regions became kings of their own areas.
Rise of Sui Kingdom
The ambitious soldier Brahmadev founded a small kingdom at lower Kaliganga valley. He built the fort at Suidurg or Sui Kot.
Foundation of Dumkot or Donkot Kingdom
A Rawat army man founded his own kingdom at Domkot or Donkot at the boundary of Suikot.
The rulers of Domkot and SuiKkot used to fight on each and every dispute.
It is said that a Chandravanshi warrior from Jhunsi (near Prayag/Allahabad) came to Kaliganga valley with a few soldiers. Brahmadev offered him his daughter a land in Champawat. With the help of this Chandravanshi Thakur or warrior, Brahmadev was able to fight his neighbors. It is said the said warrior from Allahabad was the founder of Chand dynasty in Kumaon.
Khas chieftains becoming Kings
Many Khas army chiefs or chieftains of various regions became free from Katyuri kingdom and founded their own kingdoms.
Attack by Ashokchall
It seems the Nepali king Ashokchall attacked on Uttarakhand at the time of Anantpaldev and captured whole of Uttarakhand. It seems small kings who became free from Katyuri rule accepted over ruling of Ashokchall
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti -bckukreti@gmail.com 27/8/2013
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand) to be continued… Part -129
Himalayan Medieval Age History of Baijnath/Baidyanath Katyuri to be continued…
(Himalayan Medieval Age History (740-1200 AD to be continued…)
Xx xxx xxxx
Notes on Disintegration of Uttarakhand in Anantpaldev Katyuri Time of Himalayan Medieval Age; History of Pithoragarh at the time - Disintegration of Uttarakhand in Anantpaldev Katyuri Time of Himalayan Medieval Age; History of Dwarhat at the time - Disintegration of Uttarakhand in Anantpaldev Katyuri Time of Himalayan Medieval Age; History of Champawat at the time - Disintegration of Uttarakhand in Anantpaldev Katyuri Time of Himalayan Medieval Age; History of Suikot at the time - Disintegration of Uttarakhand in Anantpaldev Katyuri Time of Himalayan Medieval Age; History of Dompur at the time - Disintegration of Uttarakhand in Anantpaldev Katyuri Time of Himalayan Medieval Age; History of Salan at the time - Disintegration of Uttarakhand in Anantpaldev Katyuri Time of Himalayan Medieval Age; History of Ngapur Garhwal at the time - Disintegration of Uttarakhand in Anantpaldev Katyuri Time of Himalayan Medieval Age; History of Pindar Garhwal at the time - Disintegration of Uttarakhand in Anantpaldev Katyuri Time of Himalayan Medieval Age; History of Haridwar at the time - Disintegration of Uttarakhand in Anantpaldev Katyuri Time of Himalayan Medieval Age; History of Kumaon at the time - Disintegration of Uttarakhand in Anantpaldev Katyuri Time of Himalayan Medieval Age; History of Salan Garhwal at the time - Disintegration of Uttarakhand in Anantpaldev Katyuri Time of Himalayan Medieval Age;
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