Medical Malpractices in Present Time Medical Tourism and Charaka Samhita History of Medical Tourism, Health and Wellness Tourism in Kushana Period (185-73 BCE) -8
History of Medical Tourism, Health and Wellness Tourism in India, South Asia- 99
(With Special mentions of History of Medicines in India)
By:
Bhishma Kukreti (Medical Tourism Historian)
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Understanding Medical Tourism in India before and After British Rule
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Today, Medical tourism is defined that patients visit foreign territory for medical treatments. However, when there were no formal hospitals in India before British came in picture, the medical tourism was different than today's definitions and explanations by tourism scholars. This author is witness in Rural medical system in Pauri garhwal till 1980 . Till 1980, In Rural garhwal or Rural India as whole , Ayurveda medical practitioners used to treat citizens than Alopathic hospitals hospitals. In Rural Garhwal and In India as whole , usually patients did not visit Ayurveda Vaidya or physicians or traditional surgeons or physicians but the Ayurveda medical practitioners used to visit patients . This practice was also there in Charaka or Atreya period .That was why those medical practitioners used to be called 'Charaka' or roamers for treating patients.
Malpractices in medical profession
These days, there is always discussion about malpractices and unethical practices by fake medical practitioners (2) . However, in ancient India, our scholars pointed out the attentions on such fake or ill knowledgeable medical practitioners .
Mal-practicing Medical Practitioners in Charaka Samhita
Charaka Samhita (Sutrasthanam ekonatrisho Adhyaya prose
differentiates between Right medical practioner and fake medical practitioners (1) . Chraka samhita names the Right Physician as Pranbhisar or that brings back life and Fake Physician as Rogbhisak or that brings diseases or illness.
After explaining characteristics of Right physician , Atrideva explains to Agnivesha the characteristics of Fake Medical Practitioners as (3) -
" Opposite of Pranbhisak the Rogbhisak takes away the life and brings the illness. These physicians in the form (deceptive form) of physician are fake physicians and are painful as spikes in the society, they mangled, anti society, anti righteous acts and roam in the nation due to laziness of the King ( Means- lawlessness , weak administration). Followings are specific characteristics of such fake physicians -
Putting on the dress of right physician, these fake visit street or houses of the ill man for curing in greed. Hearing the illness of a persons they surround the ill one from all corners and boosts his qualities. These fake physicians criticize repeatedly the current physician of ill person. These fake physicians make the relatives of patient on their sides by serving , luring , by flattering and or by backbiting. They shows their desire very less. Getting medical job, they see here and there. Cunningly, they hide their ill knowledge. If they are unable for curing, they blame the patient by telling him or her "You don;t have resources, servants, medicines, " They escape other territories in case of death of patient. They deceive ignorant patient by dramatizing them very ignorant person and before a stable man they talk loudly. They ran away from learned person as if there is fear in the jungle. They don't have any knowledge of Ayurveda and by getting thread of Ayurveda they treat the patient at any time by that thread whether necessary or not. They neither ask anything to others nor they like to be asked. Getting questions they run away as if there is death. Neithe they have any teacher nor pupil or classmate."
Charaka Samhita names such fake physician as Chidimar or brid hunter that spread net for catching birds in jungle, Charaka sanhita names them as servant of death, snakes etc (C.S. same chapter 9, 10, 11, 12)
Today too, the malpracticing physicians do practice in other countries. Fr example, Mid day a daily (date April 18 , 2018) reports that Maharashtra Medical Concil (MMC) sent summon for 53 doctors showing fake degree certificates for getting additional degree courses. Mid Day, on the above issue informs that MMC suspended 20 doctors after finding their fake certificates.
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References –
1-Mahrshi Agnivesh Pranit Charak Samhita Pratham Khand , 1948, ' Sutrasthana, Prathamo Adhyaya' , (Translation in Hindi by Kaviraj Atrideva, Gupta ) Bhargava Pushtkalaya Banarasa , India ,page 387 -391
2-Philips M.Singer (2007), Medical Malpractice Overseas : The Legal Uncertainty Surrounding Medical Tourism, Duke Law Scholarship Repository Journals LCP , vol 70 no 2 (2007) page 211-232
2-Mahrshi Agnivesh Pranit Charak Samhita Pratham Khand , 1948, ' Sutrasthana, Prathamo Adhyaya' , (Translation in Hindi by Kaviraj Atrideva, Gupta ) Bhargava Pushtkalaya Banarasa ,India page 389 -390
Copyright @ Bhishma Kukreti, //2019 bjkukreti@gmail.com
History of Medical Tourism, health Tourism and Wellness Tourism and History of Medicines in India will be continued in next chapter –
Medical malpractices in Charaka samhita, History of Medical Tourism , health Tourism and Wellness Tourism and Medical malpractices in Charaka samhita, History of Medicines in India , North India , South Asia; Medical malpractices in Charaka samhita, History of Medical Tourism , health Tourism and Wellness Tourism and Medical malpractices in Charaka samhita, History of Medicines in India , South India; South Asia, Medical malpractices in Charaka samhita, History of Medical Tourism , health Tourism and Wellness Tourism and Medical malpractices in Charaka samhita, History of Medicines in India , East India, , Medical malpractices in Charaka samhita, History of Medical Tourism , health Tourism and Wellness Tourism and Medical malpractices in Charaka samhita, History of Medicines in India , West India, South Asia; Medical malpractices in Charaka samhita, History of Medical Tourism , health Tourism and Wellness Tourism and Medical malpractices in Charaka samhita, History of Medicines in India , Central India, South Asia; Medical malpractices in Charaka samhita, History of Medical Tourism , health Tourism and Wellness Tourism and Medical malpractices in Charaka samhita, History of Medicines in India , North East India , South Asia; Medical malpractices in Charaka samhita, History of Medical Tourism , health Tourism and Wellness Tourism and Medical malpractices in Charaka samhita, History of Medicines in India , Bangladesh , South Asia; Medical malpractices in Charaka samhita, History of Medical Tourism , health Tourism and Wellness Tourism and Medical malpractices in Charaka samhita, History of Medicines in India, Pakistan , South Asia; Medical malpractices in Charaka samhita, History of Medical Tourism , health Tourism and Wellness Tourism and Medical malpractices in Charaka samhita, History of Medicines in India , Myanmar, South Asia; Medical malpractices in Charaka samhita, History of Medical Tourism , health Tourism and Wellness Tourism and Medical malpractices in Charaka samhita, History of Medicines in India , Afghanistan , South Asia ; Medical malpractices in Charaka samhita, History of Medical Tourism , health Tourism and Wellness Tourism and Medical malpractices in Charaka samhita, History of Medicines in India , Baluchistan, South Asia,