Uttarakhand > Uttarakhand History & Movements - उत्तराखण्ड का इतिहास एवं जन आन्दोलन
History of Plant Science , History of Botany , Botanical Researches In India
Bhishma Kukreti:
Main Sites of Indus valley Civilization in Indian Subcontinent
History Botany in Indus Valley Civilization in in indie – 1
HISTORY of BOTANY in Indian Subcontinent -11
History of Plant Science Knowledge in Indus valley Civilization in India -1
By: Bhishma Kukreti M.Sc. {(Botany), B.Sc. (Honours in Botany), Medical Tourism Historian)}
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Indus Valley Civilization, Sindhu Ghati Sabhyata or Harappa Civilization was a Bronze Period Civilization in West North India .
Age of Indus Valley Civilization
Lasting from – 3300 BCE to 1300 BCE (Wright)
Mature Period – 2600-1900 BCE (Wright)
Sites of Indus Valley Civilization In Indian Subcontinent
As per Upendra Singh (2), there are 475 sites of Indus Valley Civilization in Pakistan and 925 sites in India and a couple of trading centres in Afghanistan –
Explanation - Place-District
A – Indus Valley civilization Sites in Afghanistan (Trade Centre)
Mundigak-Kandhar ; Shortugai ;
B – Indus Valley Civilization Sites in India
Gujarat – Nageshwar- Kutch; Kotada-Kutch; Vejalka- Botad; Surkotada –Kutch; Shikarpur-Kutch; Rojdi-Rajkot; Rangpur-Ahmedabad; Pabumath-Kutch; Navinal-Kutch; Malwan-Surat; Lothal-Ahmedabad; Loteshwar- Patan; Kuntasi-Rajkot; Padri-Saurashtra; Khirasara-Kutch; Kanjetar –Gir; Juni Kuran-Kutch; Gola dhoro-Kutch; Dholavira-Kutch; Desalpur-Kutch; Bhagatrav-Bharuch; Bet Dwarika-Dwarika; Babarkot-Saurashtra;
Haryana – Balu-Kaithal, Banawal- Fatehabad; Bhirana –Fatehabad; Famana –Rohtak;
Hisar; Jognakhera; Kunal-Fatehabad; Siswal-Hisar; Kunal-Fatehabad ; Mitathal-Bhiwani; Rakhgarhi-Hisar;
J&K India – Manda-Jammu ;
Maharashtra-Daimabad –Ahmednagar
Punjab-Rupar- Rupnagar-
Rajasthan – Baror-Shriganganagar; Kalibangam –Hanumangarh ; Karanpura –Hanumangarh ;
Uttar Pradesh – Alamgirpur , Meerut; Barganv-Saharanpur; Hulas -Saharanpur , Mandi-Mujffarnagar ;Sanauli –Bagpat ; Sothi near Baraut – Bagpat ;
C- Indus Valley civilization Sites in Pakistan
Punjab- Chapuwala-Choistan ;Harappa –Sahiwal ; Gunweriwala ;
Balochistan- Pathani damb –Makran; Sutakagan Dor –Makran; Sokta Koh –Makran; Mehragarh ; Kot Bala-Balakot ;
Sindh- Ahaladino-Karachi; Pirak-Sibi ;Pir Shah Jurio –Karachi . Ongar-Hyderabad ;Mohenjodao- Larkana .Lakueen jo daro- Sukkur; Kot Diji-Khairpur ; Chhanhudaro ; Amri-Dadu
Khaibar Pakhtunawala – Sherikhan tarakai –Bannu; Rehman Dheri –Dera Ismile ;
References –
1-Wright, Rita P., 2009, Ancient Indus: Urbanism, Economy and Society , Cambridge University Press ,page 1
Singh, Upendra , 2008, A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India : from stone age to 1200th century .Delhi , Pearson Education pp 137, 222
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti, bckukreti@gmail.com , Mumbai India, June 2019
HISTORY of BOTANY in Indian Subcontinent will be continued in next chapter
Bhishma Kukreti:
Arable Crops of Indus Valley Civilization /Sindhu Ghati sabhyata /Harappa Civilization
History Botany in Indus Valley Civilization in in India – 2
HISTORY of BOTANY in Indian Subcontinent -12
By: Bhishma Kukreti M.Sc. {(Botany), B.Sc. (Honours in Botany), Medical Tourism Historian)}
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The contemporary civilizations of Indus Valley civilization were Nile, Tigris, Euphrates, Assyrians, Egyptians, Mesopotamian, and Chinese Culture.
The use of science or gaining knowledge of science started because of utilization reasons. R.N. Kapil (1) states rightly that the foundation of life sciences in India was, however, laid during the period of Indus Valley Civilization. As per Kapil (1) , the Indian science began around 2500 B.C..
Kapil states that there is no evidence of knowledge of *uality in plants in the Harappa /Indus Valley culture or Sindh Ghati Sabhyata
The following crops were grown in Indus valley regions across whole Indian subcontinent-
Arable Agriculture
McIntosh (2) offers following information on the crops of Indus Valley Culture-
Ravi Crops – Wheat and Barely were staple crops of winter or Ravi. Harappans cultivated various types of Wheat and they cooked three kinds of wheat bread. The common wheat was shot wheat (Triticum aestivum sphaerococcum) . Inmany sites Barely was more important than Wheat ( 2 ). Harappans used to grow three or four varieties of barely. That means those varieties were sufficient for exploiting various soil types. Oats (Avena sp.) were found in Mehrgarh site too.
The other Ravi crops were –
Lentil
Peas or field peas
Chickpeas
Linum
Grass-peas (perhaps was not grown for humans but for animals as it is poisonous if eaten in large quantity (2)) That means people were aware about poisonous and non-poisonous characteristics of plants.
Millets –
South Asian culture or Indus culture brought many cereals under cultivation during third millennium. Little Millet (Panicum sumatrense) was common in mature Harappa period .
Brown top Millet (Brachiaria ramose) was grown in Rojdi.
Small portion of Setaria sp. Was also cultivated.
Foxtail Millet (Setaria italica) was started growing in late Harappa periodand perhaps it was introduced crop ( McIntosh) .
Job’s tear (Coix lacrima –jobi) seeds were also found in a site.
Broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum) was introduced and brought under cultivation through trading medium.
During the early second in Gujarat, millennium, Indians introduced many crops of African Orgin (McIntosh) as Sorghum (Shorgum bicolor), Bajra or pearl millet ( Pennisetum typhoids), and Ragi or finger millets ( Eleusine coracana) .
Rice – rice is indigenous of Indus and Ganges Valleys regions.
Other Food Plants- McIntosh cited following other food plants grown in Indus Valley culture period in India –
Green Gram
Black gram
Horse Gram was domesticated in South India during Indus Culture period
African origin pulses were also added in the period –
Hyacinth beans (Lablab perpureus )
Cow Pea (Vigna unguiculata
There is evidence of following other plants in Indus valley sites-
Brassica
Gourds
Okaras
Grapes
Sesame
Melons
Herbs , spices-
Herbs , spices as garlic, ginger, cumin. Coriander and cinnamon either were grown or collected by the Indus valley civilization people.
Fibbers- Linseeds (Linum ) usitatissimum) , was grown for oil as well as for fibre.Cotton was grown in the regions of Indus valley culture .It is said that Indus culture was first to grow Cotton and make clothes from cotton in the world (Tyler). Perhaps Indus people used cotton for oil too.
Fruits or plants etc. collected or grown in Indus culture Period
Many fruits as dates were ether brought from other region or grew in wild . Jujube (Zizyphus jujube) , almonds, caper, mango cucumbers, pistachio , nuts were eaten by inhabitants of Indus Valley Culture .There is no surety whether those food items either were collected or cultivated . Perhaps indigo was either imported, cultivated or collected for colour. Sugarcane was also consumed by Indus valley people. There are evidences of Citrus fruits (cultivation or import) in later Harappa Indian Punjab site.
References-
1-Kapil R.N., 1970, Biology in Ancient and Medieval India, Indian Journal of History of Science Volume V, No1, pp 119- 140
2-McIntosh, Jane R.2008, The Ancient Indus Valley: the New Perspectives, ABC-Clio inc, California , pp 110- 120
3-Tyler M., The Indus Valley , Kidheaven publishing NY pp 26
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti
Crops of Indus Valley civilization, History of Botany of Andhra Pradesh India, Asia; Crops of Indus Valley civilization, History of Botany of Arunachal Pradesh, India, Asia; Crops of Indus Valley civilization, History of Botany of Assam, India, Asia; Crops of Indus Valley civilization, History of Botany of Bihar, India, Asia; Crops of Indus Valley civilization, History of Botany of Chhattisgarh , India, Asia; Crops of Indus Valley civilization, History of Botany of Goa, India, Asia; Crops of Indus Valley civilization, History of Botany of Gujarat, India, Asia; Crops of Indus Valley civilization, History of Botany of Haryana , India, Asia; Crops of Indus Valley civilization, History of Botany of Himachal Pradesh , India, Asia; ; Crops of Indus Valley civilization, History of Botany of Jammu Kashmir , India, Asia; Crops of Indus Valley civilization, History of Botany of Jharkhand ,India, Asia; Crops of Indus Valley civilization, History of Botany of Karnataka, India, Asia; Crops of Indus Valley civilization, History of Botany of Kerala, India, Asia; Crops of Indus Valley civilization, History of Botany of Madhya Pradesh India, Asia; Crops of Indus Valley civilization, History of Botany of Maharashtra , India, Asia; Crops of Indus Valley civilization, History of Botany of Manipur, India, Asia; Crops of Indus Valley civilization, History of Botany of Meghalaya, India, Asia; Crops of Indus Valley civilization, History of Botany of Mizoram , India, Asia; Crops of Indus Valley civilization, History of Botany of Nagaland, India, Asia; ; Crops of Indus Valley civilization, History of Botany of Odisha, India, Asia; Crops of Indus Valley civilization, History of Botany of Punjab, India, Asia; Crops of Indus Valley civilization, History of Botany of Rajasthan , India, Asia; Crops of Indus Valley civilization, History of Botany of Sikkim, India, Asia; Crops of Indus Valley civilization, History of Botany of Tamil Nadu, India, Asia; Crops of Indus Valley civilization, History of Botany of Telangana , India, Asia; Crops of Indus Valley civilization, History of Botany of Tripura , India, Asia; Crops of Indus Valley civilization, History of Botany of Uttarakhand (U.K.) , India, Asia; Crops of Indus Valley civilization, History of Botany of Uttar Pradesh , India, Asia; Crops of Indus Valley civilization, History of Botany of West Bengal ,India, Asia; Crops of Indus Valley civilization, History of Botany of , Indian subcontinent , Asia; Crops of Indus Valley civilization, History of Botany of , Myanmar , Indian subcontinent , Asia; Crops of Indus Valley civilization, History of Botany of , Bangladesh , Indian subcontinent , Asia; Crops of Indus Valley civilization, History of Botany of Pakistan , Indian subcontinent , Asia; Crops of Indus Valley civilization, History of Botany of Baluchistan , Indian subcontinent , Asia; Crops of Indus Valley civilization, History of Botany of Nepal , Indian subcontinent , Asia; Crops of Indus Valley civilization, History of Botany of Afghanistan, Indian subcontinent , Asia;
Bhishma Kukreti:
Trees, Wood and wood related Life Science Knowledge by Indus Civilization People
History Botany Neolithic India – 13
HISTORY of BOTANY in Indus Valley Civilization in Indian Subcontinent – 4
By: Bhishma Kukreti M.Sc. {(Botany), B.Sc. (Honours in Botany), Medical Tourism Historian)}
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There were seals found in the archaeological sites of Indus Civilizations at various places.
Kapil states “Plant forms represented on the seals are rare”. There are 12 seals depicting Tress on them (1). Mackey (2) states that the scientists identified those tress on the seals as –
Ficus religiosa (Pipal)
Acacia arabica (Babul)
Prosopis spicigera (Jhandi)
The Indus valley humans understood very well the qualities and values of wood, strength, durability and preservative power of various wood(3).
Chaudhari and Ghos informed following wood uses in Indus Valley civilization (4)-
Dalbergia latifolia (Rosewood)
Cedrus deodara (Devdar)
The above were used for making coffin
Following plant remains were also identified
Zizyphus sp (Ber) was used for making mortar for pondering the grains
Ulmus (Elm)
Wood Used in Constructing Buildings in Indus Valley Culture
Indus Valley People used wood in building construction as ladders were made of wood (5). Mahajan (5) states that perhaps the lintels and side jambs of the door were made of wood but none of them survived.
It is one probability that wooden shafts were used for inserting into holes of limestone pillar found in the site (5)
Knowledge of Characteristics of various Wood and Tress
Chaudhary (3) states that Indus people were having knowledge of trees, wood, shocking absorbing quality of each type of wood but also the seasoning quality of timbers. Lothal (Indus Valley site) people constructed dockyard and boats. That clearly suggests that Indus people were having good knowledge of wood, timber quality and its preservative quality. (3) Indus valley people also knew how to cut the wood and how to use specific tree parts.
Indus People were having knowledge of relationship of wood with building materials too.
Since Indus people used to raise animals, therefore, knew the plants useful for particular animals and knew the relationship of plant part beneficial to animal too.
References-
1-Kapil R.N., 1970, Biology in Ancient and Medieval India, Indian Journal of History of Science Volume V, No1, pp 119- 140
2-Mackey .E., 1931 , Seal Impressions and copper tablets with tabulation , In , Marshal J. (ed.) Mohenjo –daro and the Indus civilization . pp 390-391
3-Chaudhari, K.A, 1968, Wood Anatomy, Aligarh Muslim Uni. Press pp 26-35
4-Chaudhari K.A., Ghosh S.S. 1951, Plant Remains from Harappa , Ancient India , 7, 17
5-Mhajan V.D , 1998 , Ancient India , S Chand and co ND, pp 57
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti
Trees , Woodcrafts Indus valley , History of Botany of Andhra Pradesh India, Asia; Trees , Woodcrafts Indus valley , History of Botany of Arunachal Pradesh, India, Asia; Trees , Woodcrafts Indus valley , History of Botany of Assam, India, Asia; Trees , Woodcrafts Indus valley , History of Botany of Bihar, India, Asia; Trees , Woodcrafts Indus valley , History of Botany of Chhattisgarh , India, Asia; Trees , Woodcrafts Indus valley , History of Botany of Goa, India, Asia; Trees , Woodcrafts Indus valley , History of Botany of Gujarat, India, Asia; Trees , Woodcrafts Indus valley , History of Botany of Haryana , India, Asia; Trees , Woodcrafts Indus valley , History of Botany of Himachal Pradesh , India, Asia; ; Trees , Woodcrafts Indus valley , History of Botany of Jammu Kashmir , India, Asia; Trees , Woodcrafts Indus valley , History of Botany of Jharkhand ,India, Asia; Trees , Woodcrafts Indus valley , History of Botany of Karnataka, India, Asia; Trees , Woodcrafts Indus valley , History of Botany of Kerala, India, Asia; Trees , Woodcrafts Indus valley , History of Botany of Madhya Pradesh India, Asia; Trees , Woodcrafts Indus valley , History of Botany of Maharashtra , India, Asia; Trees , Woodcrafts Indus valley , History of Botany of Manipur, India, Asia; Trees , Woodcrafts Indus valley , History of Botany of Meghalaya, India, Asia; Trees , Woodcrafts Indus valley , History of Botany of Mizoram , India, Asia; Trees , Woodcrafts Indus valley , History of Botany of Nagaland, India, Asia; ; Trees , Woodcrafts Indus valley , History of Botany of Odisha, India, Asia; Trees , Woodcrafts Indus valley , History of Botany of Punjab, India, Asia; Trees , Woodcrafts Indus valley , History of Botany of Rajasthan , India, Asia; Trees , Woodcrafts Indus valley , History of Botany of Sikkim, India, Asia; Trees , Woodcrafts Indus valley , History of Botany of Tamil Nadu, India, Asia; Trees , Woodcrafts Indus valley , History of Botany of Telangana , India, Asia; Trees , Woodcrafts Indus valley , History of Botany of Tripura , India, Asia; Trees , Woodcrafts Indus valley , History of Botany of Uttarakhand (U.K.) , India, Asia; Trees , Woodcrafts Indus valley , History of Botany of Uttar Pradesh , India, Asia; Trees , Woodcrafts Indus valley , History of Botany of West Bengal ,India, Asia; Trees , Woodcrafts Indus valley , History of Botany of , Indian subcontinent , Asia; Trees , Woodcrafts Indus valley , History of Botany of , Myanmar , Indian subcontinent , Asia; Trees , Woodcrafts Indus valley , History of Botany of , Bangladesh , Indian subcontinent , Asia; Trees , Woodcrafts Indus valley , History of Botany of Pakistan , Indian subcontinent , Asia; Trees , Woodcrafts Indus valley , History of Botany of Baluchistan , Indian subcontinent , Asia; Trees , Woodcrafts Indus valley , History of Botany of Nepal , Indian subcontinent , Asia; Trees , Woodcrafts Indus valley , History of Botany of Afghanistan, Indian subcontinent , Asia;
Bhishma Kukreti:
Plant Science (Life Science) Knowledge by Indus Valley People
History Botany Neolithic India – 14
HISTORY of BOTANY in Indus Valley Civilization in Indian Subcontinent – 5
By: Bhishma Kukreti M.Sc. {(Botany), B.Sc. (Honours in Botany), Medical Tourism Historian)}
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Ghosh and Lal (1) inform that till date historians /scientist did not find the record of grains or spikelet of rice and bajra in Indus Valley civilization sites there was no record. However, the manner in which their by-products as husk were utilized indicate that Indus Civilization people had knowledge of plant science .
There is not enough evidence that Harappa people knew about *uality in plants.
It might be concluded freely that Harappa , Sindhu Ghati or Indus Valley people knew understood the life history of plants and animals too.
Indus People were having knowledge of rising and propagation of plants and animals in general way .
Since, seeds wre sown in causal ways that show that the Indus people have some general knowledge about breeding of plants and animals but were not having in depth knowledge of plant anatomy and plant physiology .
References
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti
1-Ghosh S.S, Lal Krishna,1962-63 Plants remains from Rangpur , In Rao, S.R., Excavation of Rangpur and other Exploration in Gujarat , Ancient India , 18 and 19 pp. 172-173
Plant Science Knowledge by Indus Valley People, History of Botany of Andhra Pradesh India, Asia; Plant Science Knowledge by Indus Valley People, History of Botany of Arunachal Pradesh, India, Asia; Plant Science Knowledge by Indus Valley People, History of Botany of Assam, India, Asia; Plant Science Knowledge by Indus Valley People, History of Botany of Bihar, India, Asia; Plant Science Knowledge by Indus Valley People, History of Botany of Chhattisgarh , India, Asia; Plant Science Knowledge by Indus Valley People, History of Botany of Goa, India, Asia; Plant Science Knowledge by Indus Valley People, History of Botany of Gujarat, India, Asia; Plant Science Knowledge by Indus Valley People, History of Botany of Haryana , India, Asia; Plant Science Knowledge by Indus Valley People, History of Botany of Himachal Pradesh , India, Asia; ; Plant Science Knowledge by Indus Valley People, History of Botany of Jammu Kashmir , India, Asia; Plant Science Knowledge by Indus Valley People, History of Botany of Jharkhand ,India, Asia; Plant Science Knowledge by Indus Valley People, History of Botany of Karnataka, India, Asia; Plant Science Knowledge by Indus Valley People, History of Botany of Kerala, India, Asia; Plant Science Knowledge by Indus Valley People, History of Botany of Madhya Pradesh India, Asia; Plant Science Knowledge by Indus Valley People, History of Botany of Maharashtra , India, Asia; Plant Science Knowledge by Indus Valley People, History of Botany of Manipur, India, Asia; Plant Science Knowledge by Indus Valley People, History of Botany of Meghalaya, India, Asia; Plant Science Knowledge by Indus Valley People, History of Botany of Mizoram , India, Asia; Plant Science Knowledge by Indus Valley People, History of Botany of Nagaland, India, Asia; ; Plant Science Knowledge by Indus Valley People, History of Botany of Odisha, India, Asia; Plant Science Knowledge by Indus Valley People, History of Botany of Punjab, India, Asia; Plant Science Knowledge by Indus Valley People, History of Botany of Rajasthan , India, Asia; Plant Science Knowledge by Indus Valley People, History of Botany of Sikkim, India, Asia; Plant Science Knowledge by Indus Valley People, History of Botany of Tamil Nadu, India, Asia; Plant Science Knowledge by Indus Valley People, History of Botany of Telangana , India, Asia; Plant Science Knowledge by Indus Valley People, History of Botany of Tripura , India, Asia; Plant Science Knowledge by Indus Valley People, History of Botany of Uttarakhand (U.K.) , India, Asia; Plant Science Knowledge by Indus Valley People, History of Botany of Uttar Pradesh , India, Asia; Plant Science Knowledge by Indus Valley People, History of Botany of West Bengal ,India, Asia; Plant Science Knowledge by Indus Valley People, History of Botany of , Indian subcontinent , Asia; Plant Science Knowledge by Indus Valley People, History of Botany of , Myanmar , Indian subcontinent , Asia; Plant Science Knowledge by Indus Valley People, History of Botany of , Bangladesh , Indian subcontinent , Asia; Plant Science Knowledge by Indus Valley People, History of Botany of Pakistan , Indian subcontinent , Asia; Plant Science Knowledge by Indus Valley People, History of Botany of Baluchistan , Indian subcontinent , Asia; Plant Science Knowledge by Indus Valley People, History of Botany of Nepal , Indian subcontinent , Asia; Plant Science Knowledge by Indus Valley People, History of Botany of Afghanistan, Indian subcontinent , Asia;
Bhishma Kukreti:
Tree Worshiping in Harappa / Indus Civilization Age
History Botany Indus Civilization – 6
HISTORY of BOTANY in Indian Subcontinent – 13 B
By: Bhishma Kukreti M.Sc. {(Botany), B.Sc. (Honours in Botany), Medical Tourism Historian)}
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The tree worshiping was common among Harappa Civilization people. The seals fund in Indus Valley sites show the figures of Pipal and Acacia trees (1). These plants are regarded as celestial plants and were supposed to be inhabited by divine spirits.. The Pipal tree was the supreme deity of the Indus Valley.
There was a struggle between the gods and demons for tree possessions for donning its branches crests or pig tails on their heads . (1)
Mahajan informs, “ A study of the seals shows that although the tiger demon was always trying to steal away the tree or branches , it failed to do so (1).
However, in one occasion the tiger demon was able for stealing two branches of the life but his success was short-lived and soon the demon was killed by the guardian(1).
Those seals are proof that Indus Civilization people offered importance to plants and trees because of their utility for human lives. The seals prove the Indus Civilization were having sound knowledge of floras those were important for human lives. The tree protection inscription on seals show that Indus Civilization people were definitely facing the problems of crops or edible wild plants being destroyed by wild or domesticated animals and definitely, those people were having knowledge of plant protection from wild animals.
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References
1-Mahajan V.D., 1998, Ancient India , S Chand and co ND, pp 68-69
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti, bckukreti@gmail.com , Mumbai India, June 2019
HISTORY of BOTANY in Indian Subcontinent will be continued in next chapter
Tree Worshipping in Harappa Age, History of Botany of Andhra Pradesh India, Asia; Tree Worshipping in Harappa Age, History of Botany of Arunachal Pradesh, India, Asia; Tree Worshipping in Harappa Age, History of Botany of Assam, India, Asia; Tree Worshipping in Harappa Age, History of Botany of Bihar, India, Asia; Tree Worshipping in Harappa Age, History of Botany of Chhattisgarh , India, Asia; Tree Worshipping in Harappa Age, History of Botany of Goa, India, Asia; Tree Worshipping in Harappa Age, History of Botany of Gujarat, India, Asia; Tree Worshipping in Harappa Age, History of Botany of Haryana , India, Asia; Tree Worshipping in Harappa Age, History of Botany of Himachal Pradesh , India, Asia; ; Tree Worshipping in Harappa Age, History of Botany of Jammu Kashmir , India, Asia; Tree Worshipping in Harappa Age, History of Botany of Jharkhand ,India, Asia; Tree Worshipping in Harappa Age, History of Botany of Karnataka, India, Asia; Tree Worshipping in Harappa Age, History of Botany of Kerala, India, Asia; Tree Worshipping in Harappa Age, History of Botany of Madhya Pradesh India, Asia; Tree Worshipping in Harappa Age, History of Botany of Maharashtra , India, Asia; Tree Worshipping in Harappa Age, History of Botany of Manipur, India, Asia; Tree Worshipping in Harappa Age, History of Botany of Meghalaya, India, Asia; Tree Worshipping in Harappa Age, History of Botany of Mizoram , India, Asia; Tree Worshipping in Harappa Age, History of Botany of Nagaland, India, Asia; ; Tree Worshipping in Harappa Age, History of Botany of Odisha, India, Asia; Tree Worshipping in Harappa Age, History of Botany of Punjab, India, Asia; Tree Worshipping in Harappa Age, History of Botany of Rajasthan , India, Asia; Tree Worshipping in Harappa Age, History of Botany of Sikkim, India, Asia; Tree Worshipping in Harappa Age, History of Botany of Tamil Nadu, India, Asia; Tree Worshipping in Harappa Age, History of Botany of Telangana , India, Asia; Tree Worshipping in Harappa Age, History of Botany of Tripura , India, Asia; Tree Worshipping in Harappa Age, History of Botany of Uttarakhand (U.K.) , India, Asia; Tree Worshipping in Harappa Age, History of Botany of Uttar Pradesh , India, Asia; Tree Worshipping in Harappa Age, History of Botany of West Bengal ,India, Asia; Tree Worshipping in Harappa Age, History of Botany of , Indian subcontinent , Asia; Tree Worshipping in Harappa Age, History of Botany of , Myanmar , Indian subcontinent , Asia; Tree Worshipping in Harappa Age, History of Botany of , Bangladesh , Indian subcontinent , Asia; Tree Worshipping in Harappa Age, History of Botany of Pakistan , Indian subcontinent , Asia; Tree Worshipping in Harappa Age, History of Botany of Baluchistan , Indian subcontinent , Asia; Tree Worshipping in Harappa Age, History of Botany of Nepal , Indian subcontinent , Asia; Tree Worshipping in Harappa Age, History of Botany of Afghanistan, Indian subcontinent , Asia;
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