Author Topic: Critical Review of Garhwali Satirical and Humrous Literature'- गढवाली हास्य व्यं  (Read 20087 times)

Bhishma Kukreti

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Abhinandan patra-1: Satirizing Politicians Distancing from People
Critical review of Garhwali Satirical prose – 37
Critical Review of Garhwali Satirical prose by Puran pant -1
                       Review by: Bhishma Kukreti
(Notes on Satire Satirizing Politicians Distancing from People; Garhwali Satire Satirizing Politicians Distancing from People; Uttarakhandi Satire Satirizing Politicians Distancing from People; Mid Himalayan Satire Satirizing Politicians Distancing from People; Himalayan Satire Satirizing Politicians Distancing from People; North Indian Satire Satirizing Politicians Distancing from People; Indian Satire Satirizing Politicians Distancing from People; South Asian Satire Satirizing Politicians Distancing from People; Asian Satire Satirizing Politicians Distancing from People; Oriental Satire Satirizing Politicians Distancing from People]
     There are many types of social distancing from others as Affective Social Distance, Normative Social Distance and interactive social distance. Psychologists talk about prejudice and social distance, and acculturation and social distance.
  The reasons for social distances are safety, communication, affection and threat.
     After independence, it is commonly seen that politicians meet people at the time of election and thereafter keep distance from people. In Abhinandan patra-1 (from Swasti Shri, 2011) Puran Pant Pathik one of the great satirists of Garhwali literature talks about the aspiration of people and criticizes sharply with satirical ways the politicians distancing from the people. Pant is  master in using Garhwali phrases those are sharp attack on follies.

References-
1-Abodh Bandhu Bahuguna, Garhwali Sahity ma Hasy Vyngy, Kaunli Kiran, Jankapuri, Delhi (for reference of Garhwali Satire Satirizing Politicians Distancing from People).
2-Dr Anil Dabral, 2007, Garhwali Gady Parampara, Delhi (for reference of Garhwali Satire Satirizing Politicians Distancing from People).
3- Dhad, Garh Aina, Paraj , Hilans publications. Delhi (for reference of Garhwali Satire Satirizing Politicians Distancing from People).
4- Merpahad .com and e-Uttarakhand Patrika (for reference of Garhwali Satire Satirizing Politicians Distancing from People).
5- Ghati ke Garjate Swar , Dehradun Delhi (for reference of Garhwali Satire Satirizing Politicians Distancing from People).

6- Bhishma Kukreti, 2012, Merapahad etc, Harish Juyal k Garhwali Vyngy Delhi (for reference of Garhwali Satire Satirizing Politicians Distancing from People).
7- Bhishma Kukreti, 2012 Puran pant Pathik k vyngy, Sankalp  (for reference of Garhwali Satire Satirizing Politicians Distancing from People).
8- Puran Pant Pathik, 2011, Introductory Notes on satires in ‘Kablat’ a satirical essay collection book by Bhishma Kukreti (for reference of Garhwali Satire Satirizing Politicians Distancing from People).
9- Virendra Panwar 2011, ‘Been’, reference book for Critical review of Various Satirical books in Garhwali (for reference of Garhwali Satire Satirizing Politicians Distancing from People).
10- Puran Pant Pathik, 2012 Swasti Shri (Garhwali Satire Collection by Pathik), Garhwali Dhai, Dehradun (for reference of Garhwali Satire Satirizing Politicians Distancing from People).
11- Bhishma Kukreti, 2011, Kablat (Satire collection by Bhishma Kukreti, Garhwali Dhai, Dehradun (for reference of Garhwali Satire Satirizing Politicians Distancing from People).
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti, 9/9/2012
Notes on Satire Satirizing Politicians Distancing from People; Garhwali Satire Satirizing Politicians Distancing from People; Uttarakhandi Satire Satirizing Politicians Distancing from People; Mid Himalayan Satire Satirizing Politicians Distancing from People; Himalayan Satire Satirizing Politicians Distancing from People; North Indian Satire Satirizing Politicians Distancing from People; Indian Satire Satirizing Politicians Distancing from People; South Asian Satire Satirizing Politicians Distancing from People; Asian Satire Satirizing Politicians Distancing from People; Oriental Satire Satirizing Politicians Distancing from People to be continued….

Bhishma Kukreti

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In Hoond Vikas: Satirizing Public Utility Developmental works
Critical review of Garhwali Satirical prose – Parashar Gaur -38 
 Critical Review of Garhwali Satirical prose by Parashar Gaur -14
                              Bhishma Kukreti
 [Notes on satire satirizing Public Utility Developmental works; Garhwali satire satirizing Public Utility Developmental works; Uttarakhandi satire satirizing Public Utility Developmental works; Garhwali satire satirizing Public Utility Developmental works by migrated Garhwali; Himalayan satire satirizing Public Utility Developmental works; Himalayan satire satirizing Public Utility Developmental works by NRI; Indian satire satirizing Public Utility Developmental works by NRI; Asian satire satirizing Public Utility Developmental works]
        Statistics show that there is tremendous development in rural areas of developing or under developed countries. However, the reality is just opposite that the works is all in government files of public utility developmental work department and nothing is there on real grounds. Parashar Gaur the imminent Garhwali satirist opens the secret of difference between the statistics of government files and the reality. Government corrupt officials, contractors and other agencies make money out of corrupt methods in public utility developmental work department.
           Parashar gaur satirizes the public utility works through his satirical write up ‘In Hoond Vikas’(20/9.2009). Prashar shows that there is no real development works for public utility but everything about public utility developmental work is on files.
 The effective write up is very small in story format. 
References-
1-Abodh Bandhu Bahuguna, Garhwali Sahity ma Hasy Vyngy, Kaunli Kiran, Jankapuri, Delhi (for reference satire satirizing Public Utility Developmental works )
2-Dr Anil Dabral, 2007, Garhwali Gady Parampara, Delhi, (for reference satire satirizing Public Utility Developmental works)
3- Dhad, Garh Aina, Paraj , Hilans publications. Delhi, (for reference satire satirizing Public Utility Developmental works)
4- Merpahad .com and e-Uttarakhand Patrika (for reference satire satirizing Public Utility Developmental works)
5- Ghati ke Garjate Swar , Dehradun Delhi (for reference satire satirizing Public Utility Developmental works)
6- Bhishma Kukreti, 2012, Merapahad etc, Harish Juyal k Garhwali Vyngy Delhi (for reference satire satirizing Public Utility Developmental works)
7- Bhishma Kukreti, 2012 Puran pant Pathik k vyngy, Sankalp  (for reference satire satirizing Public Utility Developmental works)
8- Puran Pant Pathik, 2011, Introductory Notes on satires in ‘Kablat’ a satirical essay collection book by Bhishma Kukreti (for reference satire satirizing Public Utility Developmental works)
9- Virendra Panwar 2011, ‘Been’, reference book for Critical review of Various Satirical books in Garhwali (for reference satire satirizing Public Utility Developmental works)
10- Puran Pant Pathik, 2012 Swasti Shri (Garhwali Satire Collection by Pathik), Garhwali Dhai, Dehradun (for reference satire satirizing Public Utility Developmental works)
11- Bhishma Kukreti, 2011, Kablat (Satire collection by Bhishma Kukreti, Garhwali Dhai, Dehradun (for reference satire satirizing Public Utility Developmental works)
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti, 10/9/2012
Notes on satire satirizing Public Utility Developmental works; Garhwali satire satirizing Public Utility Developmental works; Uttarakhandi satire satirizing Public Utility Developmental works; Garhwali satire satirizing Public Utility Developmental works by migrated Garhwali; Himalayan satire satirizing Public Utility Developmental works; Himalayan satire satirizing Public Utility Developmental works by NRI; Indian satire satirizing Public Utility Developmental works by NRI; Asian satire satirizing Public Utility Developmental works to be continued…

Bhishma Kukreti

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Abhinandan patra- 2: Satirizing Migrated Uttarakhandis ignoring Native land by Great satirist
Critical review Garhwali satire Prose – 39
Critical review Garhwali satire Prose by Puran pant Pathik -2
                               Bhishma Kukreti
[Notes on satire by great satirists; Garhwali satire by great satirists; Uttarakhandi satire by great satirists; mid Himalayan satire by great satirists; Himalayan satire by great satirists; North Indian regional language satire by great satirists; Indian regional language satire by great satirists; Asian regional language satire by great satirists; Oriental regional language satire by great satirists]
           Bhishma Kukreti, Parashar gaur, Tribhuwan Uniyal, Prakash Dhashmana, Harish Juyal are supposed to be great satirists of Garhwali prose .
              Puran pant is one of the great satirists of Garhwali literature. Most of literature knowing experts and readers perceive that Puran pant is great satirical poet of Garhwali language. The reality is that Puran Pant is also great prose satirist. His satirical story and write ups make him one the great satirists in satirical world.
  In his satirical write up Abhinandan patra- 2 (Swasthi shri, 2011), Puran Pant satirically criticizes the migrated Garhwalis those are ignoring their native places. The style of great satirist of Garhwali satirist is his own. The great satirist of Garhwali literature Puran pant uses Garhwali preserves and Garhwali phrases for teasing migrated Garhwalis. Most of Garhwali literature creative writes about ignorance of mother land by migrated ones. However, one of great satirists of Garhwali language Puran pant writes the essays differently than all.

References-
1-Abodh Bandhu Bahuguna, Garhwali Sahity ma Hasy Vyngy, Kaunli Kiran, Jankapuri, Delhi (for reference satire by great Satirist)
2-Dr Anil Dabral, 2007, Garhwali Gady Parampara, Delhi, (for reference satire by great Satirist)
3- Dhad, Garh Aina, Paraj , Hilans publications. Delhi, (for reference satire by great Satirist) 
4- Merpahad .com and e-Uttarakhand Patrika (for reference satire by great Satirist)
5- Ghati ke Garjate Swar , Dehradun Delhi(for reference satire by great Satirist)
 (6- Bhishma Kukreti, 2012, Merapahad etc, Harish Juyal k Garhwali Vyngy Delhi (for reference satire by great Satirist)
7- Bhishma Kukreti, 2012 Puran pant Pathik k vyngy, Sankalp  (for reference satire by great Satirist)
8- Puran Pant Pathik, 2011, Introductory Notes on satires in ‘Kablat’ a satirical essay collection book by Bhishma Kukreti (for reference satire by great Satirist)
9- Virendra Panwar 2011, ‘Been’, reference book for Critical review of Various Satirical books in Garhwali (for reference satire by great Satirist)
10- Puran Pant Pathik, 2012 Swasti Shri (Garhwali Satire Collection by Pathik), (for reference satire by great Satirist) 
11- Bhishma Kukreti, 2011, Kablat (Satire collection by Bhishma Kukreti, Garhwali Dhai, Dehradun (for reference satire by great Satirist)
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti, 11/9/2012
Notes on satire by great satirists; Garhwali satire by great satirists; Uttarakhandi satire by great satirists; mid Himalayan satire by great satirists; Himalayan satire by great satirists; North Indian regional language satire by great satirists; Indian regional language satire by great satirists; Asian regional language satire by great satirists; Oriental regional language satire by great satirists to be continued…

Bhishma Kukreti

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Gadhwali ma Vasiyat : Satirizing  not writing bequeath in own language 
(Critical review Garhwali satire Prose – 40)
(Review of Satire of Garhwali Satirist Bhishma Kukreti -19)
                             Bhishma Kukreti
(Notes on satirizing  not writing bequeath in own language; Garhwali satire not writing bequeath in own language; Uttarakhandi satire not writing bequeath in own language; Mid Himalayan satire not writing bequeath in own language; Himalayan satire not writing bequeath in own language; North Indian satire not writing bequeath in own language; Indian satire not writing bequeath in own language; South Asian satire not writing bequeath in own language; Asian satire not writing bequeath in own language; oriental satire not writing bequeath in own language]
           The write up is about cautioning Garhwalis that one day, Garhwali may be an endangered language if certain steps are not taken by them and government should help to promote Garhwali language that is one of the oldest Indian languages.
 In this satirical write up (in the form of dialogues) ‘Gadhwali ma Vasiyat’(Garh Aina, 21/4/1990), Kukreti lambasts Garhwalis, society, government and language policy by government agencies for ignoring the importance of one of the oldest Indian languages Garhwali. Kukreti pointed out that the prosperous Garhwalis feel insult I or do not have any affection for their language.
  Kukreti also drew a cartoon to support his satire ‘Gadhwali ma Vasiyat’. The dialogues between two persons are as   
-काका ! गढवळि लोग गढवळि म वसीयत किलै नि लिखदन?
- ब्यटा धिन्ग्वा! जु गढवळि म वसीयत लेखी सकदन ऊं मा कुछ नी च । जु वसीयत लिखण लैक छन वूं तै गढवळि से कवी प्रेम नी च .


References-
1-Abodh Bandhu Bahuguna, Garhwali Sahity ma Hasy Vyngy, Kaunli Kiran, Jankapuri, Delhi (for reference Garhwali satire on not writing bequeath in own language)
2-Dr Anil Dabral, 2007, Garhwali Gady Parampara, Delhi, (for reference Garhwali satire on not writing bequeath in own language)
3- Dhad, Garh Aina, Paraj , Hilans publications. Delhi, (for reference Garhwali satire on not writing bequeath in own language) 
4- Merpahad .com and e-Uttarakhand Patrika (for reference Garhwali satire on not writing bequeath in own language)
5- Ghati ke Garjate Swar , Dehradun Delhi(for reference Garhwali satire on not writing bequeath in own language  )
 (6- Bhishma Kukreti, 2012, Merapahad etc, Harish Juyal k Garhwali Vyngy Delhi (for reference Garhwali satire on not writing bequeath in own language)
7- Bhishma Kukreti, 2012 Puran pant Pathik k vyngy, Sankalp  (for reference Garhwali satire on not writing bequeath in own language  )
8- Puran Pant Pathik, 2011, Introductory Notes on satires in ‘Kablat’ a satirical essay collection book by Bhishma Kukreti (for reference Garhwali satire on not writing bequeath in own language  )
9- Virendra Panwar 2011, ‘Been’, reference book for Critical review of Various Satirical books in Garhwali (for reference Garhwali satire on not writing bequeath in own language  )
10- Puran Pant Pathik, 2012 Swasti Shri (Garhwali Satire Collection by Pathik), (for reference Garhwali satire on not writing bequeath in own language) 
11- Bhishma Kukreti, 2011, Kablat (Satire collection by Bhishma Kukreti, Garhwali Dhai, Dehradun (for reference Garhwali satire on not writing bequeath in own language)
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti, 12/9/2012
 Notes on satire not writing bequeath in own language; Garhwali satire not writing bequeath in own language; Uttarakhandi satire not writing bequeath in own language; Mid Himalayan satire not writing bequeath in own language; Himalayan satire not writing bequeath in own language; North Indian satire not writing bequeath in own language; Indian satire not writing bequeath in own language; South Asian satire not writing bequeath in own language; Asian satire not writing bequeath in own language; oriental satire not writing bequeath in own language to be continued..
Critical review Garhwali satire Prose to be continued……..
Review of Satire of Garhwali Satirist Bhishma Kukreti to be continued…

Bhishma Kukreti

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He ji Sunna Chhnvaan:  Satirizing structural Inequalities
(Critical review Garhwali satire Prose – 41)
(Review of Satire of Garhwali Satirist Parashar gaud -14)
                             Bhishma Kukreti
[Notes on Satire Satirizing structural Inequalities in Facilities provisions; oriental Satire Satirizing structural Inequalities in Facilities provisions; Asian Satire Satirizing structural Inequalities in Facilities provisions; South Asian Satire Satirizing structural Inequalities in Facilities provisions; Indian Satire Satirizing structural Inequalities in Facilities provisions; North Indian Satire Satirizing structural Inequalities in Facilities provisions; Himalayan Satire Satirizing structural Inequalities in Facilities provisions; Mid Himalayan Satire Satirizing structural Inequalities in Facilities provisions; Uttarakhandi Satire Satirizing structural Inequalities in Facilities provisions; Garhwali Satire Satirizing structural Inequalities in Facilities provisions; Garhwali Satire Satirizing structural Inequalities in Facilities provisions by a Non Resident Indian]
                 There are structural inequalities. There are structural inequalities in education facilities. There are structural inequalities in agricultural facilities. There are regional structural inequalities for various facilities. There are structural inequalities in provision for employment. There are structural inequalities in health care faculties by government. There are structural inequalities in transport faculties by government.
  The great personality of Uttarakhand Parashar Gaur criticizes the government that there is unemployment, no agricultural modernization, no road in villages but government is boosting for development by building airport. Parashar criticizes in small satirical prose the structural inequalities. Parashar is successful in showing the different attitude by government for riches and poor.
References-
1-Abodh Bandhu Bahuguna, Garhwali Sahity ma Hasy Vyngy, Kaunli Kiran, Jankapuri, Delhi (for reference Garhwali satire on satirizing structural Inequalities in Facilities)
2-Dr Anil Dabral, 2007, Garhwali Gady Parampara, Delhi, (for reference Garhwali satire on satirizing structural Inequalities in Facilities)
3- Dhad, Garh Aina, Paraj , Hilans publications. Delhi, (for reference Garhwali satire on satirizing structural Inequalities in Facilities) 
4- Merpahad .com and e-Uttarakhand Patrika (for reference Garhwali satire on satirizing structural Inequalities in Facilities)
5- Ghati ke Garjate Swar , Dehradun Delhi(for reference Garhwali satire on Satirizing structural Inequalities in Facilities )
 (6- Bhishma Kukreti, 2012, Merapahad etc, Harish Juyal k Garhwali Vyngy Delhi (for reference Garhwali satire on satirizing structural Inequalities in Facilities)
7- Bhishma Kukreti, 2012 Puran pant Pathik k vyngy, Sankalp  (for reference Garhwali satire on Satirizing structural Inequalities in Facilities )
8- Puran Pant Pathik, 2011, Introductory Notes on satires in ‘Kablat’ a satirical essay collection book by Bhishma Kukreti (for reference Garhwali satire on Satirizing Inequalities in Facilities)
9- Virendra Panwar 2011, ‘Been’, reference book for Critical review of Various Satirical books in Garhwali (for reference Garhwali satire on satirizing structural Inequalities in Facilities)
10- Puran Pant Pathik, 2012 Swasti Shri (Garhwali Satire Collection by Pathik), (for reference Garhwali satire on not writing bequeath in own language) 
11- Bhishma Kukreti, 2011, Kablat (Satire collection by Bhishma Kukreti, Garhwali Dhai, Dehradun (for reference Garhwali satire on satirizing structural Inequalities in Facilities)
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti, 14/9/2012 tNotes on Satire Satirizing structural Inequalities in Facilities provisions; oriental Satire Satirizing structural Inequalities in Facilities provisions; Asian Satire Satirizing structural Inequalities in Facilities provisions; South Asian Satire Satirizing structural Inequalities in Facilities provisions; Indian Satire Satirizing structural Inequalities in Facilities provisions; North Indian Satire Satirizing structural Inequalities in Facilities provisions; Himalayan Satire Satirizing structural Inequalities in Facilities provisions; Mid Himalayan Satire Satirizing structural Inequalities in Facilities provisions; Uttarakhandi Satire Satirizing structural Inequalities in Facilities provisions; Garhwali Satire Satirizing structural Inequalities in Facilities provisions; Garhwali Satire Satirizing structural Inequalities in Facilities provisions by a Non Resident Indian to be continued…

Critical review Garhwali satire Prose to be continued….

Bhishma Kukreti

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Amethi, Meham ar Aurangjeb: Satire exemplifying the History Recurrences   

(Critical review Garhwali satire Prose – 42)
(Review of Satire written by Garhwali Satirist Bhishma Kukreti -21)

                             Bhishma Kukreti

[Notes on satire about History Recurrences; Garhwali satire about History Recurrences; Uttarakhandi satire about History Recurrences; Mid Himalayan satire about History Recurrences; Himalayan satire about History Recurrences; North Indian satire about History Recurrences; Indian satire about History Recurrences; Indian subcontinent satire about History Recurrences; South Asian  satire about History Recurrences; Asian satire about History Recurrences;  oriental satire about History Recurrences]
                             History recurrences theories
  Repetition of same type of event in history is called history recurrence.  In Sanskrit literature, there are many quotations in Mahabharata and other classics about the reasons behind history recurrences. There are many similarities in present Indian scenes between historical event and today’s events. Many scholars see similarities between the entries of multinationals and entry of East India Company and then East India Company taking political rule of India in its hand.
  From western point of view, Heinrich Heine and Friedrich Nietzsche made understand the theories of history recurrence. G.W Trompf traces the patterns of historical recurrences in his book ‘The Idea of Historical Recurrence in Western Thought’. Humorously, great satirist Mark twain supports the theory of historical recurrence as he says,” A favorite theory of mine to wit, that no occurrence is sole and solitary but is merely a repetition of a thing which has happened before and perhaps often (The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County, 1865)
                   Review of Satire written by f Garhwali Satirist Bhishma Kukreti -21
                 his satire ‘Amethi, meham aar Aurangjeb’ (Garh Aina 30/5/1990),   Bhishma Kukreti satirically and sharply provides the examples of historical events of great King Asoka and Great Mugal King Aurangzeb those are similar in thinking and actions too (historical recurrence). Kukreti clarifies historical recurrences that both were ambitious for getting crown and both killed their brothers and others in getting crown.  Great king Asoka and great king Aurangzeb broke their family rules and they were selfish, brutal, and cruel. In the name of benefits to society Asoka and Aurangzeb killed their brothers (historical recurrence). History is witness that there were malpractices in the election of Amethi where Rajiv Gandhi the crown prince of Nehru family won the election.  There were bloodsheds in the Meham election where Om Prakash Chautala (Son of Devi Lal Chautala and crown prince of Chautala family). 
          Kukreti declares a new dimensional theory that history recurrence is because we human beings are having animal mentality.
इत्यास अफु तै किलै दुरांदु किलैकि हम इतियास से ना त कुछ सिखदा ना ही इत्यास तै बिंगण चांदा. पन एक बात इत्यास इलै दुराये जांद बल किलैकि मनुष्य मा जानवरी गुण अबि तलक जन्याकी तन इ छन.
 In Kukreti shows the similarities of historical events among Asoka killing his family members, Aurangzeb killing his brothers and the malpractices adopted by Rajiv Gandhi and Om Prakash Chautala for winning the elections.
अर अब हमारि डेमोक्रेसी , अपणी जम्हूरियत , भारतीय प्रजातंत्र मा अशोक, औरंगजेब का प्रतिनिधि छन यि अमेठी अर मेहम का जितन्देर. अमेठी का आमदार/सांसद अर मेहम का खासदार /विधयक का उमेदवार छन राजीव गांधी अर ॐ प्रकाश चौटाला .
त य़ी वीं व्यवस्था का द्योतक छन . नाम गौण छन काम महत्वपूर्ण च
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जु मि नि बोलि जणनु होऊं बल य़ी अशोक अर औरंगजेबी मानसिकता वळा ही हमारा प्रजातन्त्री खैरख्वाह छन त ब्ताव्दी - महम का पैलि चुनावी लवैखतरी मा राजिव गांधी चुप किलै राई.किलै वैब्गता आदर्शवादी पत्रकार संतोष भारतीय कि कलम खुंडी होई?
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किलै वु लोहिया या जय प्रकाश का नामौ माळा जपंदेर या समग्र ;ओहियावादी चन्द्र शेखर द्वी डै चुप किलै च? वैल्यू वाळ पोलिटिक्स का शिक्षक या शिक्षार्थी वी.पी. सिंग की नीति वळी राजनीति बौंहड़ी किलै सिंयीं च ?

 Kukreti’s sharp satirical analyses of elections held in Amethi and Meham have similarities in thinking of Martin Amis (his Novel) for history recurrence

 Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti 15/9/2012
Notes on satire about History Recurrences; Garhwali satire about History Recurrences; Uttarakhandi satire about History Recurrences; Mid Himalayan satire about History Recurrences; Himalayan satire about History Recurrences; North Indian satire about History Recurrences; Indian satire about History Recurrences; Indian subcontinent satire about History Recurrences; South Asian  satire about History Recurrences; Asian satire about History Recurrences;  oriental satire about History Recurrences to be continued…
Critical review Garhwali satire Prose to be continued … – 43)
Review of Satire written by f Garhwali Satirist Bhishma Kukreti to be continued...-22
                                                          Appendix
 A brief list of literature on History Recurrences
P.A Sorokin discusses about History Recurrences in book ‘Social and Cultural dynamic; (1957).
There are mentions of History Recurrences in the book ‘the Sociology of Science’ by Robert K. Merton (1973)
Arnold Toynbee’s book ‘Does history repeat itself’ (1979) discusses about History Recurrences.
The book ‘The Rise and Fall of the great powers’ by Paul Kennedy (1987) provides examples of History Recurrences.
There is discourse on History Recurrences in the book ‘Recurrence;’ by Gordon Graham (1997).
The historian David Christian provide examples of History Recurrences in his book ‘maps of Time ‘(2005)
Diamond offers instances of History Recurrences in the book ‘Guns, germs and Steel: The fates of Human Society’ (2005)
Niall Ferguson talks regarding History Recurrences in his book’ Civilization...’ (2011).

Bhishma Kukreti

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Madani ka buba ji: Satirical article showing many painful social issues   
                       
                           (Critical review Garhwali satire Prose – 43)
                (Review of Satire written by Garhwali Satirist Puran pant Pathik-3)

                             Bhishma Kukreti
[Notes on Satirical article and satire  showing many painful social issues; Garhwali Satirical article and Satire showing many painful social issues; Uttarakhandi Satirical article and Satire showing many painful social issues; Mid Himalayan Satirical article and Satire showing many painful social issues; North Indian Satirical article and Satire showing many painful social issues; Indian Satirical article and Satire showing many painful social issues; Indian subcontinent Satirical article and Satire showing many painful social issues; South Asian Satirical article and Satire showing many painful social issues; Asian  Satirical article and Satire showing many painful social issues; Oriental Satirical article and Satire showing many painful social issues ]

            Hodgart and Connery  (Satire: Origin and Principles ) rightly state that the most important aspect of satire is its subject matter- politics, *ual relationship, bad manners, personal absurdity or literary stupidity and the approach towards by satirist makes it different. Puran Pant Pathik one of the great Garhwali satirists proves the statement of Hodgart and Connery is right in his satirical write up Madani ka buba ji (2011). Hodgart and Connery further affirm, “Satire, although it’s content is often the harshest realities of human existence, is meant to make us laugh or smile. Pant uses a wife’s letter to her husband who is away from village for depicting the harsh realities (worsening?) of rural Garhwal with humorous tone (definitely satirical tone too). There is wit in the satirical write up Madani ka buba ji.
 By using Garhwali phrases, Puran Pant shows many realities in this satirical prose. Puran pant uses conflicting situations for creating satire and humor as
यखा क हाल सममाचार इना छन कि ऐंसू बिजां ढांड पड़े. ग्युं कि एक बि दाणि बि नी बचीं चखणु . तुम खुणि नै नवाण उमी कुटरी पर धरीं छन
  Charles Witke points out (Latin Satire: Structure of Persuasion) that the main characteristic of satire is its usefulness and the article Madani ka buba ji in letter form is useful for making awareness about many wrong happenings in rural Garhwal.  Pant also supports Witke that laughter in satire is not central point but humor is just to support to get attention and attraction for the subject. The critics state that satire is highly social genre because it addresses an audience which is more than a recipient of words. Through satirical Pant cautions methods the Garhwalis about fearful future.  Pant raises many social issues in this satirical article.
  One example is enough about light humor uses by Pant in his satire prose
चिट्ठी जग्वाळ मा. गलती का बान लिख्वार तैं माफ़ कैरी दियां. लिख्वार खुणि बढिया फौन्टेंन पेन लेकी आयां
 Pant has style to show pain with humorous style. There is smile on the lips of readers but feel  sadness inside  while reading Madani ka buba ji.
References-
1-Abodh Bandhu Bahuguna, Garhwali Sahity ma Hasy Vyngy, Kaunli Kiran, Jankapuri, Delhi (for reference Garhwali Satirical article and satire on satirizing structural Inequalities in Facilities)
2-Dr Anil Dabral, 2007, Garhwali Gady Parampara, Delhi, (for reference – Garhwali Satire showing many painful social issues)
3- Dhad, Garh Aina, Paraj , Hilans publications. Delhi, (for reference – Garhwali Satirical article and Satire showing many painful social issues)
4- Merpahad .com and e-Uttarakhand Patrika (for reference – Garhwali Satirical article and Satire showing many painful social issues)
5- Ghati ke Garjate Swar , Dehradun Delhi(for reference – Garhwali Satirical article and Satire showing many painful social issues)
(6- Bhishma Kukreti, 2012, Merapahad etc, Harish Juyal k Garhwali Vyngy Delhi (for reference – Garhwali Satirical article and Satire showing many painful social issues)
7- Bhishma Kukreti, 2012 Puran pant Pathik k vyngy, Sankalp (for reference – Garhwali Satirical article and Satire showing many
8- Puran Pant Pathik, 2011, Introductory Notes on satires in ‘Kablat’ a satirical essay collection book by Bhishma Kukreti (for reference – Garhwali Satirical article and Satire showing many painful social issues)
9- Virendra Panwar 2011, ‘Been’, reference book for Critical review of Various Satirical books in Garhwali (for reference – Garhwali Satirical article and Satire showing many painful social issues)
10- Puran Pant Pathik, 2012 Swasti Shri (Garhwali Satire Collection by Pathik), (for reference – Garhwali Satirical article and Satire showing many painful social issues)
11- Bhishma Kukreti, 2011, Kablat (Satire collection by Bhishma Kukreti, Garhwali Dhai, Dehradun (for reference – Garhwali Satirical article and Satire showing many painful social issues)
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti, 15/9/2012
Notes on Satirical article  showing many painful social issues; Garhwali Satirical article and Satire showing many painful social issues; Uttarakhandi Satirical article and Satire showing many painful social issues; Mid Himalayan Satirical article and Satire showing many painful social issues; North Indian Satirical article and Satire showing many painful social issues; Indian Satirical article and Satire showing many painful social issues; Indian subcontinent Satirical article and Satire showing many painful social issues; South Asian Satirical article and Satire showing many painful social issues; Asian  Satirical article and Satire showing many painful social issues; Oriental Satirical article and Satire showing many painful social issues to be continued …
Critical review Garhwali satire Prose to be continued...44)

                Review of Satire written by Garhwali Satirist Puran pant Pathik to be continued  ...4

Bhishma Kukreti

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Mi Patwari Kilai Ni baun: Satirizing Government Employment Affidavit 
                           (Critical review Garhwali satire Prose – 44)
                (Review of Satire written by Garhwali Satirist Bhishma Kukreti -22)

                             Bhishma Kukreti
[Notes on satire satirizing Government Employment Affidavit; Garhwali satire satirizing Government Employment Affidavit; Uttarakhandi satire satirizing Government Employment Affidavit; Mid Himalayan satire satirizing Government Employment Affidavit; Himalayan satire satirizing Government Employment Affidavit; North Indian satire satirizing Government Employment Affidavit; Indian satire satirizing Government Employment Affidavit; South Asian satire satirizing Government Employment Affidavit; Asian satire satirizing Government Employment Affidavit; Oriental satire satirizing Government Employment Affidavit]
                 ‘Mi Patwari Kilai Ni baun’ (Garh Aina, 9/3/1990) is satire in tale telling satire style by Bhishma Kukreti. The write up is in humorous and satirical style. When Bhishma Kukreti passed high school, his mother started persuading Bhishma for getting job as all villagers of his age got job as Hotel chef, male a maid servant etc. 
मि समजी ग्यों कि हमर गौं क्या क्षेत्र मा नौनु तै इलै नि पढ़ये जांद बल नौनु अकलमंद, तहजीवदार, ज्ञानी बौणन. बल्कण मा नौनु तै इलै पड़ये जांद कि सार्टिफिकेट का कौंचा न नौकरी का परसाद, बाड़ी खैन्डन ।
               Bhishma leaves the dream of becoming Indian Administrative Service. He tries for the post of Patwari (a revenue collector and police officer). Bhishma Kukreti gets appointment letter for a post of Patwari. Bhishma Kukreti refuses to take the job by reading affidavit letter to be signed by applicant.  Satirically Kukreti explains that when everybody knows that Patwari takes bribe or does various illegal acts and how he could be a honest towards job, country or constitutional laws. 
     In this satirical write up, Bhishma Kukreti tears pieces of the affidavit form of government employment for police force etc. The satirist strips the way affidavit forms are filled by government employees and later on indulge into corrupt activities or unlawful activities.
मी,: कुज्याण क्या? पटवारी अपण काम सच्चाई अर कर्तव्य निष्ठा से कौरि नि सकुद . अब इनी सरकारी कामों तै गुप्त रखणै बात च .पैमास मा पटवारी अर अमीन सौ रूप्या दक्षिणा लेकि लोगूँ तै खसरा, चदर, फड़द खुले आम दिखान्दन .."
References-
1-Abodh Bandhu Bahuguna, Garhwali Sahity ma Hasy Vyngy, Kaunli Kiran, Jankapuri, Delhi (for reference Garhwali Satirical article and satire  satirizing Government Employment Affidavit)
 2-Dr Anil Dabral, 2007, Garhwali Gady Parampara, Delhi, (for reference – Garhwali Satire showing many painful social issues)
3- Dhad, Garh Aina, Paraj , Hilans publications. Delhi, (for reference – Garhwali Satirical article and Satire satirizing Government Employment Affidavit)
 4- Merpahad .com and e-Uttarakhand Patrika (for reference – Garhwali Satirical article and Satire satirizing Government Employment Affidavit)
 5- Ghati ke Garjate Swar , Dehradun Delhi(for reference – Garhwali Satirical article and Satire satirizing Government Employment Affidavit)
(6- Bhishma Kukreti, 2012, Merapahad etc, Harish Juyal k Garhwali Vyngy Delhi (for reference – Garhwali Satirical article and Satire satirizing Government Employment Affidavit)
 7- Bhishma Kukreti, 2012 Puran pant Pathik k vyngy, Sankalp (for reference – Garhwali Satirical article and Satire satirizing Government Employment Affidavit)
8- Puran Pant Pathik, 2011, Introductory Notes on satires in ‘Kablat’ a satirical essay collection book by Bhishma Kukreti (for reference – Garhwali Satirical article and Satire satirizing Government Employment Affidavit)
 9- Virendra Panwar 2011, ‘Been’, reference book for Critical review of Various Satirical books in Garhwali (for reference – Garhwali Satirical article and Satire satirizing Government Employment Affidavit)
10- Puran Pant Pathik, 2012 Swasti Shri (Garhwali Satire Collection by Pathik), (for reference – Garhwali Satirical article and Satire satirizing Government Employment Affidavit)
 11- Bhishma Kukreti, 2011, Kablat (Satire collection by Bhishma Kukreti, Garhwali Dhai, Dehradun (for reference – Garhwali Satirical article and Satire satirizing Government Employment Affidavit)

 Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti, 16/9/2012
Notes on satire satirizing Government Employment Affidavit; Garhwali satire satirizing Government Employment Affidavit; Uttarakhandi satire satirizing Government Employment Affidavit; Mid Himalayan satire satirizing Government Employment Affidavit; Himalayan satire satirizing Government Employment Affidavit; North Indian satire satirizing Government Employment Affidavit; Indian satire satirizing Government Employment Affidavit; South Asian satire satirizing Government Employment Affidavit; Asian satire satirizing Government Employment Affidavit; Oriental satire satirizing Government Employment Affidavit to be continued…
Critical review Garhwali satire Prose – to be continued…45
 Review of Satire written by Garhwali Satirist Bhishma Kukreti –to be continued…23

Bhishma Kukreti

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Garhwali Satire on Extramarital Affairs or Relationship
                  (Critical Review of Garhwali Satire – 45)
                    (Critical review of Satire written by Tribhuwan Uniyal -1)
                                            Bhishma Kukreti
[Notes on Satire on Extramarital Affairs or Relationship; Garhwali Satire on Extramarital Affairs or Relationship; Uttarakhandi Satire on Extramarital Affairs or Relationship; Mid Himalayan Satire on Extramarital Affairs or Relationship; Himalayan Satire on Extramarital Affairs or Relationship; North Indian Satire on Extramarital Affairs or Relationship; Indian Satire on Extramarital Affairs or Relationship; Indian subcontinent Satire on Extramarital Affairs or Relationship; South Asian Satire on Extramarital Affairs or Relationship; Asian Satire on Extramarital Affairs or Relationship; oriental Satire on Extramarital Affairs or Relationship]
                                              Extramarital Relationship
  The free dictionary defines that extramarital relation is occurring outside marriage. Extramarital affairs or relationship is also called unfaithfulness, infidelity, cheating or adultery.
  A social scientist Ray C. Fair of Yale University describes the key variables of extramarital affairs or relationship as occupation, education, husband’s occupation, marital happiness, age, number of years of marriage, children, degree of religiosity, and other circumstances.
    Cathy Meyer  in About.com  and  Gunjan Rastogi  in  onlymyhealth .com  count that the negative effects of extramarital affairs or relationship are a blow to self esteem, broken trust, lost stability, emotional breakdown, hampering social life.
  Dr Deepak Arora posted a mail in whereincity.com (29/4/2009) that there is rise in extramarital affairs or relationship in India.   
                                          Satirical Explanation of extramarital affairs or relationships
     Illona  Ronay  humorously states in a satirical write up ‘Relationship experts describe  types of extramarital  affairs’ that types of extramarital affairs or relationships are directional affair, pension affair, thin affair, chore affair, spring affair, cast affair,
  Garhwali Satire on extramarital affairs or relationships written by Tribhuwan Uniyal
  Tribhuwan Uniyal is one of the great satirists of Garhwali prose.  Uniyal writes a regular column ‘Hello …Hello…Pradhani Bau’ in afornight Garhwali newspaper ‘Khabar sar’.
  His two characters Gabru and Bau talks on telephone and talks about current affairs with humor and satirical tone. Uniyal is expert in satirizing the current affairs satirically and humorously.
  In the issue of 1st Aubgust 2012 of ‘khabar sar’ , Uniyal discusses about the extramarital affairs or relationship of Congress leader Narayan Datt Tiwari. In between Uniyal also brings the news of a government officer Damyanti Rawat.
  Uniyal insults the person as Narayan Datt Tiwari for extramarital affairs or relationship. The satire on extramarital affairs or relationship is marvelous.
 Uniyal uses dialogues for Bau in Dhabadi Garhwali (mixed Garhwali with Hindi)
 
गबरू- मतलब यो च बौजी कि हमुन सुणि छौ कि दिज मा नौनी ...पर यख त नौनु क्य ब्व़े ल्हेकि आलू
बौ- हाँ भै द्यूर  जी , ससुरा जी को बुढ़ेंद दै द्वी रुट्टी का जुगाड़ हो जाय

References: 
1-Cathy Meyer, Major Effects of Extramarital Affairs, www.About.com
2-Gunjan Rastogi, 21/3/2012, Major Effects of Extramarital Affairs, www.onlymyhealth.com
3-Dr. Deepak Arora, 2009, Rising Extra Marital affairs in India,: Not A good Sign for tomorrow, whereincity.com
4- Ray C. fair, 1978, Theory of Extramarital affairs, Journal of Political Economy
5-Illona Ronay, 2005, Relationship experts describe types of extramarital affairs’, thespoof.com
6- Tribhuwan Uniyal, 2012, Hello …Hello…Pradhani Bau, Khabar sar , Pauri (Satire on  extramarital affairs or relationship)
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti, 17/9/2012
 Notes on Satire on Extramarital Affairs or Relationship; Garhwali Satire on Extramarital Affairs or Relationship; Uttarakhandi Satire on Extramarital Affairs or Relationship; Mid Himalayan Satire on Extramarital Affairs or Relationship; Himalayan Satire on Extramarital Affairs or Relationship; North Indian Satire on Extramarital Affairs or Relationship; Indian Satire on Extramarital Affairs or Relationship; Indian subcontinent Satire on Extramarital Affairs or Relationship; South Asian Satire on Extramarital Affairs or Relationship; Asian Satire on Extramarital Affairs or Relationship; oriental Satire on Extramarital Affairs or Relationship to be continued…

Critical Review of Garhwali Satire to be continued… 46
 Critical review of Satire written by Tribhuwan Uniyal to be continued..-2


Bhishma Kukreti

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Aiskeemyau Byau: Humorously Differentiating Metro and Rural Marriages

Critical Review of Garhwali Satire and Humorous Prose – 46)
  (Critical review of Humor and Satire written by Bhishma Kukreti -23)
                                            Bhishma Kukreti             
            Bhishma Kukreti published humorous ‘Aiskeemyau Byau’ write up in Garh Aina (16/5/1990) under the column ‘Inai-Unai’.  The incident is a true incident that famous poet Surendra singh Chauhan or Chinmay Saya came to Mumbai for attending a marriage. He called the marriage of Mumbai as Ice cremyau  Bayu or marriage only for ice cream.  Sayar did not enjoy the marriage style of Mumbai.
   Bhishma Kukreti showed the difference of marriages of rural Garhwal of his childhood and contemporary marriage style in Mumbai. Humorously, Kukreti shows the differences of rural and metro marriages for each activity of marriage. Since, the marriage style in Mumbai is not because the people are happy to adopt that style but circumstances of Mumbai are such that they can’t follow the style of rural marriages.
अहा जब मि छ्वटु छौ त ब्यौली पैटदि छै त सरा वातावरण मा कळकळी होंदी थै . जै जै तै रूण नि आन्द थौ वी बि जबरदस्ती आँख मिंडदा छा कि रुवै जावो, निथर आँख लाल इ ह्व़े जावन, या थूक लगैक रवे जाओ. ब्योला क तार्फांक पौण बुल्दा छा कि ब्योली से इथगा इ प्रेम च त चलो तुम तै बि हैंक ड्वाला मा ली जांदा.
इख जब ब्योली अर ब्योला घौर बौड़ाइ करदन त बीस से मथि लोग हौल मा नि होन्दन. ब्योली क रूण धूण नि होंद


Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti, 18/9/2012
Critical Review of Garhwali Satire and Humorous Prose to be continued...47
 Critical review of Humor and Satire written by Bhishma Kukreti to be continued…-24

 

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