MeraPahad Community Of Uttarakhand Lovers

खैर  वनीकरण
Cultivation of Katha Plant or Acacia catechu -

  सार्वजनिक औषधि पादप वनीकरण -2

Community Medical Plant Forestation -2

उत्तराखंड में मेडिकल टूरिज्म विकास विपणन ( रणनीति  ) 104

-

  Medical Tourism Development in Uttarakhand  (  Strategies  )  -  104               

(Tourism and Hospitality Marketing Management in  Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar series-- 207)   
    उत्तराखंड में पर्यटन व आतिथ्य विपणन प्रबंधन -भाग 207

 
    लेखक : भीष्म कुकरेती  (विपणन व बिक्री प्रबंधन विशेषज्ञ )
खैर पेड़ मनुष्य के लिए बहुत ही लाभदायी पादप है।  लकड़ी , चारा, रंग टैनिंग के अतिरिक्त खैर का प्रयोग कई औषधि निर्माण में होता है।
खैर का औषधीय उपयोग
१- दांत की मीरियों /गम की सुरक्षा
2 -कफ , डाइबिटीज , रक्तदोष , त्वचा के कई दोषों आदि के उपचार हेतु कई औषधियों में प्रयोग होता है और पादप कच्चे माल के यथोचित व अच्छे दाम मिल जाते हैं।  खैर के सभी भाग औषधियों में प्रयोग में आते हैं।
खैर का पेड़ मध्य से ऊँची ऊंचाई लगभग 3 -15 मीटर ऊंचाई की की झाड़ीनुमा झाडी है।
भूमि - दक्षिण उत्तराखंड में  खैर 12 00 मीटर की ऊंचाई वाले क्षेत्र में बलुई व अन्य पथरीली मिट्टी , जलोढ़क मिटटी में पैदा होता है कह सकते हैं कि दक्षिण गंगा घाटी व तूंग  वाली भूमि में खैर उगता है ।  खैर के लिए 40 -50 डिग्री तापमान सही तापमान है।   उत्तरखण्ड में खैर के वन अपने आप उगते हैं,    किन्तु अब परिस्थिति ऐसी आ गयी है कि खैर को वन कृषि के अंतर्गत उगाना आवश्यक है।
       खैर का कृषिकरण या कल्टीवेशन
खैर के बीज अपने आप उड़कर जमते रहते हैं।  खैर के बीज एक साल के अंदर ही बोये जाने चाहिए।  खैर के बीजों को बंद कमरे में सुरक्षित रखा जाता है। नरसरी में बीजों को 24 घंटो तक पानी में भिगोया जाता जाता है और अप्रैल मई में नरसरी में बोये जाते हैं। फिर मानसून आने पर खैर पौधों का रोपण किया जाता है।
   उत्तर प्रदेश में  खैर वनीकरण पर प्रभावकारी काम हुआ है और लाभदायी फल मिले हैं।  उत्तरप्रदेश में जिस बंजर वन का खैरीकरण करना हो वहां मानसून के आते ही खैर बीज बो दिए जाते हैं।  इस विधि में सबसे बड़ी समस्या खर पतवारों की होती है अतः  अधिक मात्रा में बोये जा सकते हैं। खर पतवार की रोकथाम हेतु वनों को मानसून से पहले जला दिए जाते हैं जिससे खर पतवार के बीज जल जायँ।
   तल्ला ढांगू व बिछला ढांगू, गूलर गाड गढ़वाल में गंगा तट पर खैर के वन  बहुत होते थे पर  अब समाप्ति पर हैं यदि ग्रामीण वनीकरण योजना के तहत इन वनों में यदि मानसून आते ही बीज बोये जायँ तो खैर वनीकरण को नई ऊर्जा मिल सकेगी। जहां पानी रुकता हो वहां खैर नहीं उगता। खैर को कोमल पत्तियां बकरियों व जानवर  हैं अतः जानवरों को उज्याड़ खाने से भी बचाया जाना आवश्यक है।
 



Copyright @ Bhishma Kukreti  30/5 //2018
संदर्भ

1 -भीष्म कुकरेती, 2006  -2007  , उत्तरांचल में  पर्यटन विपणन परिकल्पना , शैलवाणी (150  अंकों में ) , कोटद्वार , गढ़वाल
2 - भीष्म कुकरेती , 2013 उत्तराखंड में पर्यटन व आतिथ्य विपणन प्रबंधन , इंटरनेट श्रृंखला जारी
3 - शिव प्रसाद डबराल , उत्तराखंड का इतिहास  part -6
-
 
 
  Medical Tourism History  Uttarakhand, India , South Asia;   Medical Tourism History of Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India , South Asia;   Medical Tourism History  Chamoli Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India , South Asia;   Medical Tourism History  Rudraprayag Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India , South Asia;  Medical   Tourism History Tehri Garhwal , Uttarakhand, India , South Asia;   Medical Tourism History Uttarkashi,  Uttarakhand, India , South Asia;  Medical Tourism History  Dehradun,  Uttarakhand, India , South Asia;   Medical Tourism History  Haridwar , Uttarakhand, India , South Asia;   Medical Tourism History Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand, India , South Asia;  Medical Tourism History  Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand, India , South Asia;  Medical Tourism History Almora, Kumaon, Uttarakhand, India , South Asia;   Medical Tourism History Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand, India , South Asia;   Medical Tourism History  Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand, India , South Asia;

                   
                   Rural conditions in British Garhwal   
                  British Administration in Garhwal   -167
       -
History of British Rule/Administration over Kumaun and Garhwal (1815-1947) -187
-
 
            History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -1019
-
                              By: Bhishma Kukreti (History Student)
         At the initial stage of British rule, the human settlements in Bhabhar were near water sources. Bijnor section was administrating Bhabhar. Garhwalis did not wish for settling in Bhabhar till 1947 as they believed that by settling in Bhabhar, they would lose next generation.
   Garhwalis used to stay in hilly regions. People used to settle where there was water source very near, there was plenty land for animal grazing and had opportunity for travelling one place to other place.  People built huts or houses on stony rocky place at higher place where sun shine was for long; where there was no fear of landslides, no chance of stone, landslide falling on them, water was very near and no fear of flooding. Those were real requirement. People did not settle in river , rivulet banks.
     From protection point of view, 10-15 houses were there at one place. In many villages, houses were built as fortress (Kotha). Upper class had houses at upper side (Bithan) and scheduled caste families were always at lower side  (Duman)of village. Families of sub castes used to have houses at one place and other castes just nearby but other place and called Khwal.
   At initial stage of British rule, water source was in the village but slowly due to rapid changes, many villages lost water sources by drying the water source or flown away due to landslide.As around 1890 or so, in Jaspur (Malla Dhangu, Pauri Garhwal), there was big landslide and water source flown away.
                                          Houses in British Garhwal
                      The house walls were made of stones and roofs were made by flat grey stones or fibers and leaves. In upper Garhwal as in upper Mandakini or Alaknanda source regions (Bhotia region), the houses were built by wood. People in Bhotia region, the roof were made by wood plates and then mud was settled on wood. Usually, houses were of ground floor and fist floor houses. There was no custom of keeping window.
  Usually, houses of a village were in two rows. One house or two houses were there at dead end and only one way was left for passage as happened in fort. It was a need for protection from looters. At initial stage, domestic animals were kept at ground floor or very near gaushalas.
XXX   
References 
1-Shiv Prasad Dabral ‘Charan’, Uttarakhand ka Itihas, Part -7 Garhwal par British -Shasan, part -1, page- 343-456

                   
                                 Food Culture in British Garhwal     
                  British Administration in Garhwal   -170
       -
History of British Rule/Administration over Kumaun and Garhwal (1815-1947) -190
-
 
            History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -1022
-
                              By: Bhishma Kukreti (History Student)
     
.       The work was so much that people used to go for agriculture work before down. They used to consume the night left food at that time or used to take night left over food at working place.
   The lunch was cooked buttermilk curry (Palyo or Jhuli/Jholi), Bari ( finger millet flour cooked in water as solid loath), Millets (Jhangora, kauni) were common. Usully people take jhangora with vegetable curries.
 The people used to take dinner of finger millet, barley flour bread (roti) with vegetables as per season and badi ( water soaked pulse is grinded and the paste is dehydrated under sun).
  Prosperous families took rice and wheat too. Common people used to sow /crop wheat and paddy for paying tax in Garhwal and Gorkha rules. Since, productivity of wheat and paddy was less, people did not prefer sowing wheat and rice. Rice and wheat was cooked for guests and in festive time or marriage time. Maize, pumpkin,  came after British entered into Garhwal. Maize become a essential part of Garhwal with no time.
    In travel, people used to depend on sattu (roasted grain is grinded).
  Mostly, people depended on forest produces for vegetables, fruits and other food as yams, leaves, figs etc.
   All caste were non vegetarian in Garhwal with some exception. People 9still till date) used to roast the animal and then used to cook mutton. Mostly people did not take cow and buffalo mutton with exception. Mainly, lamb and goat were used for food. Wild animals were also killed for food. In botia region, people used to eat raw meat too.
    Country liquor was also consumed. People also took opium, hemp. In smoking, tobacco was common and people smoke through Hukka, Chilam and Patberi.
 Milk was essential part of every Garhwali. Milk selling was believed to be sin as selling the son. Milk, ghee, butter or butter milk were part of each meal. A Garhwali woul not think family without milk producing animal.
 Every house had honey bee-heaves for honey.
XXX   
References 
1-Shiv Prasad Dabral ‘Charan’, Uttarakhand ka Itihas, Part -7 Garhwal par British -Shasan, part -1, page- 343-456
2- Atkinson , Himalayn Districts Vol.3
3- Wiliamson, Memoir of Dehradun page 42

                   
                              Entertainment facilities  in British Garhwal     
                  British Administration in Garhwal   -173
       -
History of British Rule/Administration over Kumaun and Garhwal (1815-1947) -193
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            History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -1025
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                              By: Bhishma Kukreti (History Student)

 Hard worker Garhwalis were eager for making their life happy by cooperation and entertainment.
  In night, people used to gather at Padhan chowk or other suitable place and used to dance and sing or used to tell tales. People used to sing songs while working too. Mostly, songs were related to pain of separation from mother by girls after marriage, illicit relation etc. Pathos songs were common among women.
    Males used to stay at Goth (temporary cattle shed on farm)  used to play Damru and sing song in night.
 While, pasturing people used to sing songs.

XXX   
References 
1-Shiv Prasad Dabral ‘Charan’, Uttarakhand ka Itihas, Part -7 Garhwal par British -Shasan, part -1, page- 343-456
2- Atkinson, Himalayan Districts Vol.3
 3- Asiatic Researches vol 6

                   
                          Deity Rituals in British Garhwal     
                  British Administration in Garhwal   -175
       -
History of British Rule/Administration over Kumaun and Garhwal (1815-1947) -195
-
 
            History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -1027
-
                              By: Bhishma Kukreti (History Student)
     Deity worshipping with rituals was common practice in Garhwal. Every family used to conduct a ritual called Ghadela for pleasing a family or village or universal deity. In night, the Jagari used to play Thali and used sing Jagar and his associate used to play damru. People used to listen the Jagar.
 There used to pando or Kaintura nach (pando dance) in villages. There used to fix date for a particular  deity rituals in a village. Men and women used to dance on ritual song.
   People also like wine made by wild fruits, millets and barleys. Many Dyau Pujai or deity rituals used to be celebrated for many days.
          Looting of animals
  Many villagers of Ravain used to attack other villages and used to loot domestic animals.
 There was custom of riddles, telling folk tales and playing folk games.

XXX   
References 
1-Shiv Prasad Dabral ‘Charan’, Uttarakhand ka Itihas, Part -7 Garhwal par British -Shasan, part -1, page- 343-456
2- Atkinson, Himalayan Districts Vol.3
 3- Asiatic Researches vol 6