Rudi-Udi Jagar Gatha: Example of Masculinity/Manliness in Garhwali –Kumaoni folklore/ballad
रुदी -ऊदी जागर :भडौ , कटकू, भड़वळि या पांवड़ा
Folklore, Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Kumaon-Garhwal, Uttarkahnd-17
Chivalry, Gallantry, Graciousness Folklores, Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand –2
Bhishma Kukreti
There are following types of Folklores or Jagar Gatha in Garhwali – Kumaoni folk literature-
1-Deity Folklore or Daivik Jagar Lok Gathayen
2-Pauranic Folklore or Pauranic Jagar Lok Gathayen
3- Bravery Folklore of Veer, Bhad Jagar Lok Gathayen (Masculine or Manliness and feminine or femaleness folklore)
4-Love Stories Folklore or Prem Parinay ke Jagar Lok Gathayen
5-Misclenious folklore or Atririkt Jagar Lok Gathayen
Main features of Masculine or maleness Garhwali –Kumaoni Folklore or Ballads
The masculine or manliness Garhwali and Kumaoni folklores are the fine blends of fairy tales, historical tails, short stories, beliefs, superstitions, and messages and with full opportunities for poetic vitality and dancing.
The Garhwali Kumaoni folklore masculine folklores incessantly provide voice from its earliest periods to the entire region (Uttarakhand), telling about hopelessness and then providing the suitable path.
The Garhwali Kumaoni masculine/manliness folklores are rich in poetic genre of the time when they were created.
The folklore creative used adjectives in such a way that audience understands it in wholeness. Economic uses of phrases are enough for making audience understanding the whole matter.
While singing the singers repeat the poetry and create the remarkable effects of alliteration.
Kukreti details the dramatic structure found in Garhwali folk dramas and found that without knowing the knowledge of literature, folk literature creators were using every aspects of Natya Shastra literature in creating folk literature.
There is always complete melody sense in Garhwali Kumaoni masculine/manliness folklores and are distinguished from other nearest regional (as Bijnaur, Saharanpur, Himachal Pradesh and Nepal) folklore melodies.
The masculine characters of Garhwali Kumaoni masculine /manliness folklores are brave, definitely act as supernatural creatures. However, there is sense of real life effects in these bravery subject folklores too. Usually, apart from supernatural acts, the brave men of Garhwali Kumaoni masculine/manliness folklores live the life of contemporary society.
Usually, it is seen that if male is king or prince in Garhwali Kumaoni masculine/manliness folklores, the king had several wives (barring some exceptions).
The main male character of Garhwali Kumaoni masculine/manliness folklores are brave, having sense of self identity, caring for family and society, respect to women especially his mother, protector, responsible, nurturing, spiritual, friendly, faithful, respectful, sensitive, trustful and a donor too.
It is also found that main male character or hero besides perfect worrier, he also knows magic or Boksa Vidya etc in Garhwali Kumaoni masculine/manliness folklores.
Violence is also part of bravery oriented Garhwali Kumaoni masculine/manliness folklores.
Rudi-Udi Jagar Gatha
Udi Sumayl Jagar is an example of maleness or masculinity if Garhwali Kumaoni folklores. The folklore of Rudi and Udi are taken from Gadhu Sumyal. It is said that Rudi and Udi were in mid of fourteen century. Udi was the father of bravest of braves Gadhu Sumyal. The folktale belongs to Lower Khimsari and Upper Khimsari near Rudrapur. Rudi and Udi had been Thokdar of Khimsari Riyasat.
A few lines of Rudi-Udi Jagar are as -
कुमाऊं और गढ़वाल की लोक गाथाएँ/जागर -17
रुदी -ऊदी जागर :भडौ , कटकू या पांवड़ा
(सन्दर्भ: शिव नारायण सिंह बिष्ट , गढ़ु सुम्याळ )
कति सौ वर्ष हुईन , रुद्रपुर मा रुदी रौत
तलि खिमसरी हाट, रंदावो उदी रौत
एक दिन उदी चली गय रुद्रपुर मांझ
देखे वैन दिदा चिंता मा पोडियूं
ब्वद दिदा क्या च बात केकी च खैरी ?
क्य बिपद प्वड़े दीदा ऱे त्वेकू आज
इनि क्या बात छ जो हमसे नि ह्वे सकदी
दिदा हुकुम दे दे क्य कैरी धू आज
कै दुश्मन को सर काटीक लऊँ
कै रजवाड़ा को आज सफाचट कैरि द्यूं
जुल्म की बात जो मेरा रंदा चिंता हू वा,
हमारी माल की दूण अणसधि रई गय
हमारी माल की रस्याल बंद जो होई गय
उदी न सुणीन बैन गुस्सा चढ़ी ग्य
हमारी मौजदी मा, दूण रय अणसाधी
धिक्कार छ हमकू, दूण जी नि साधी
दिदा जौंला दूण , लौला वींकू साधी
तली खिमसरीहाट आया उदी रौत
अपणी बोई मा बोल्द भड़ उदी रौत
दे दे आज्ञा हमकू, खुशी मन ह्वेका
जीति क औला दूण , दर्शन करला चरण का
इन बैन सूणी क , माता उंकी बोल दे
शाबाश बेटा मेरा , जावा दूण साध
Long back, Rudi Raut was Thokdar of upper Khimsari and Udi Raut was Thokdar of lower Khimsari near Rudrapur. One day, Udi Raut reached to Rudrapur and found his cousin elder brother Rudi worried.
Udi said,’ Brother! What is the matter that we can’t finish? You order me I shall put the beheaded head of our enemy at your feet. Whoever, kingdom you tell, I shall destroy it. Till my death you should not worry.”
Rudi answered,” We are not successful to command Dun of mal (Valley of plains/Bhabhar) and nobody sends tax from there. We should correct the situation there.”
Listening, the answer, Udi became very angry. Udi said,” let us go to dun of mal and correct the situation”.
Udi came to his place Khimsari and told whole story about wrong happenings in Dun Mal (plain valley). Udi asked blessing of his mother for correcting the situation in Dun Mal.
His mother said,” If you we e real my son, if you were real son of bravest of braves, you will defeat the enemies. The real dharma of Khsatriya is to win the battle.”
After getting blessing from mother, both the brothers started journey on Raghuvanshi horses for Dun mal.
After reaching to dun mal, both worriers cut the heads of enemies as a human cuts banana trees. There was bloodshed in Dun Mal. Both the brave men won the enemies and people paid taxes in the forms of wheat, cereals, ghee, milk and jewels. They sent the tax to Rudripur though transporters and messenger s.
The two brothers corrected the administration and started journey back to Khimsari. On the way, Rudi became greedy and he asked to Udi come slow while he would be going with messengers. Rudi ordered messengers to take all taxes to upper Khimsari.
Then Rudi stopped and waited for Udi. When Udi reached, Rudi said,” I divided the taxes in two parts and dispatched to Upper Khimsari and Lower Khimsari.”
On the way, both the brothers rested at Gharat/Panchakki (grinding mill run by water). Udi was tired and he slept. Sinful Rudi killed sleeping Udi by throwing grinder of Gharat.
He reached to lower Khimsari and started weeping before his aunt (mother of Udi) and said,” We corrected the dun Mal but enemies killed Udi by deceptive methods. Now I am helpless without my brave brother”
The mother of Udi became sad and fell down on the ground. The wife of Udi became sad and fell on the ground. The wife of Udi wanted to burn her but being pregnant she did not perform sati (to burn herself).
Rudi said,” I shall take revenge for my brother’s death.” Rudi returned to his house.
After the death of Udi, the Udi family became poor.
However, the wife of Udi Kunjavati delivered a male child. The astrologer named the child as Gadhu Sumyal. When Gadhu Sumyal became young he came to know the story of his father’s death.
Read Story of Gadh Sumyal killing Rudi in next episode….
Copyright (Interpretation) @ Bhishma Kukreti, 1/5/2013
Folklore, Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Kumaon-Garhwal, Uttarakhand to be continued…18
Chivalry, Gallantry, gracious Folklores, Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand to be continued…3
Curtsey and references:
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Dr Trilochan Pandey, Kumaoni Bhasha aur Uska Sahity(Folklore literature of Kumaon )
Dr Siva Nand Nautiyal, Garhwal ke Lok Nrityageet (Folk Songs and dances of Garhwal )
Dr Govind Chatak, Garhwali Lokgathayen (Folklore of Garhwali)
Dr. Govind Chatak, Kumaoni Lokgathayen (Folklore of Kumaoni)
Dr Urbi Datt Upadhyaya, Kumaon ki Lokgathaon ka Sahityik Adhyayan (Literary review of Folklore of Kumaon)
Dr. Prayag Joshi, Kumaon Garhwal ki Lokgathaon ka Vivechnatmak Adhyayan (Critical Review of Folklore of Kumaon and Garhwal)
Dr Dinesh Chandra Baluni, Uttarakhand ki Lokgathayen (Folklore of Uttarakhand)
Dr Jagdish (Jaggu) Naudiyal, Uttarakhand ki Sanskritik Dharohar, (Partially Folklore of Ravain)
Abodh Bandhu Bahuguna, Dhunyal (Folklore and Folk Songs of Garhwal)
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Bhishma Kukreti, Garhwali Lok Natkon ke Mukhy Tatva va Vivechana
