Uttarakhand > Uttarakhand at a Glance - उत्तराखण्ड : एक नजर में

Important Days Related To Uttarakhand - उत्तराखण्ड से संबंधित महत्वपूर्ण दिवस

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एम.एस. मेहता /M S Mehta 9910532720:
In the same year, Henry Ramsay begins service as Assistant Commissioner. Ramsay proves to be the ablest of British officials posted to Kumaon, enjoying wide-scale respect and support from the inhabitants. His unassuming and friendly demeanour with everyone, high and low, works to ensure the region's loyalty to the British. However, Ramsay establishes martial law throughout the region as anti-establishment comments are made punishable by internment or death.

1856
Henry Ramsay becomes Commissioner, serving British interests in British Garhwal and Kumaon for 28 more years.

1857
The Indian Mutiny spreads throughout the plains, but calls for insurrection go largely ignored in the hills. Memories of Gurkha oppression and British deliverance keep Uttarakhand loyal. King Sudarshan Shah supports the British with men and materièle. He also deploys troops to protect the Europeans that had fled the plains for Mussoorie and other hill stations.

1866
The explorer, Nain Singh Rawat, reaches Lhasa where he meets the Dalai Lama

एम.एस. मेहता /M S Mehta 9910532720:

1878
Forest Act of this year severely curtails the forest rights of the hill inhabitants. Large concessions are granted to outside commercial interests at the expense of the hill people.

1887
First all-Garhwali regiment, the 39th Garhwal Rifles, is raised and headquartered in Lansdowne. Garhwalis had previously served with distinction in British Gurkha regiments. This new job opportunity portends the rise of a money-order economy in the hills with the male population migrating to the plains for jobs and the women taking on the onerous burden of fending for the family and managing the farm.

एम.एस. मेहता /M S Mehta 9910532720:

1906
Villagers of Bangarh near Tehri protest the forest conservation policies of Tehri state and rough up the local forest officer.

1913
The Home Rule League organizes in the hills, bringing the independence movement to Kumaon and, later, Garhwal. The wide scale resentment towards the degrading forced labour practices of Coolie and Utar Begar proves to be an effective organizing principle. These rules dictated that any subject of the hills must provide free porterage for visiting Europeans and State officials. Subjects were also obligated to serve as servants of the royal household for four times a year and without compensation.

1914
39th Garhwal Rifles are sent overseas with the advent of World War I. Landing in France in October, Garhwali troops earn fame as "the stormtroopers of the Allies", as coined by the Germans. Out of five Victoria Crosses earned by Indian soldiers in France, Garhwalis earn two, including the first ever awarded to an Indian by the King-Emperor himself. The battalions suffer heavy casualties though, and are withdrawn from Europe in 1915. After the war, the Garhwal Regiment becomes the 18th Royal Garhwal Regiment.

एम.एस. मेहता /M S Mehta 9910532720:

1921
The British authorities end the Coolieand Utar Begar practice in the hills as a concession to the swaraj activists.

1927
The Forest Act of this year makes further demands of local needs. Further usage restrictions increases alienation among the hill people.

1930
Villagers in the Rawain district protest forest policies and form their own independent village council in Tilari (Western Tehri). The State militia, led by Juyal, the minister of the Raja, eventually crushes the rebellion with enormous bloodshed. Protest forest fires are lit throughout the 1930s as a result.

While deployed to restore order during Home Rule agitation, Garhwali troops, encourage by Havildar Chander Singh Garhwali, refuse to fire on unarmed demonstrators in Peshawar despite intense provocation. The British authorities disarm and dress down the regiment.

1942
Two Garhwali battalions captured by the Japanese in Malaya join the Indian National Army and the independence struggle against the British. Making up one-tenth of the insurgent Army, the Garhwalis fight honourably in Burma against their own brothers-in-arms on the British side.

एम.एस. मेहता /M S Mehta 9910532720:
Post_Independence

1949
Congress activists and a peasant movement force the King of Tehri Garhwal to abdicate the throne in favour of unification with the rest of British India. Along with the rest of Uttarakhand, Tehri-Garhwal is integrated into a newly independent India as a district of Uttar Pradesh.

1952
P.C. Joshi of the Communist Party of India advocates separates statehood for the U.P. hill districts.

1959
Unrest in Tibet results in a crackdown by the Chinese Communists. The Dalai Lama flees and establishes a government-in-exile in Dharamsala, Himachal Pradesh. The Chinese threat is countered with the militarization of the border and expropriations by the Indian military of large parts of Uttarakhand.

1962
The India-China war shocks the nation. Military development is speeded up in the Uttarakhand region, leading to dramatic social and economic changes. Mining and timber interests rush into the hills. Pilgrimage routes also see increased traffic due to newly built roads. With the closing of the frontier, centuries-old trade routes across the Himalayas are disrupted.

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