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Author Topic: गढ़वाल का इतिहास 1223-1804 AD- History of Garhwal Region from 1223-1804 AD  (Read 353620 times)

Bhishma Kukreti

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Re: गढ़वाल का इतिहास 1223-1804 AD- History of Garhwal Region from 1223-1804 AD
« Reply #140 on: July 11, 2014, 11:30:05 AM »
History of Mughal Army Attacking on Dhangu-Udaipur of Ganga Salan, Garhwal

History of Garhwali Queen Karnavati, part -4

History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -142     

   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -389 
 
                       By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)
   
                      After capturing  Kalsi of Dehradun region, Mughal army led by Najabat Khan captured Santurgarh.
 Perhaps from Satntur Garh, Mughal army reached to Rishikesh via Doiwala. Najbat Khan and army reached at Chandighat Haridwar to cross Ganga. On the way, Mughal Commander captured Nano Durg or Nano fort. Till date the citing about Nano Durg mentioned in ‘Muasir –al Umara’ could not be recognized.There is fort in ruined condition near Veer Bhadra called Garhwali raja ka Kila at Ganga-Rambha River meeting place. Dr. Dabral assumes that Garhwal raja ka Kila might be Nano Fort mentioned in Muasir –al Umara’
 After capturing Nano fort, Najbat Khan Army crossed Ganga at Chandighat, Haridwar. A regional administration of Salan Bhabhar region tried to stop crossing of Mughal army. The Salan administration kept soldiers at strategic valleys of east Ganga bank that Mughal Army could not reach to Shrinagar Garhwal. However, Najabat Khan fought back with Garhwal soldiers and reached at a place from where Shrinagar was thirty Kos (sixty Miles). The place was a difficult place for strangers. There was difficulty in getting food supply at this place. From here, Najabat Khan could not reach Shrinagar and he sent message to Queen of Shrinagar Garhwal. Queen knew the difficulty of Najabat Khan. She delayed sending gifts. Queen made Najbat Khan to wait for one and half month. After many threat and request of Najabat Khan the Garhwal queen sent one and half lakh ruppes to Najabat Khan. According to Ma’asir –al-Umara, though, it was total insult to Najabat Khan and he did not have any choice but to return from that place. He, through Jabbal River bank reached to Sambhal district in the region of Mughal Empire.
 It was embarrassing insult for Najabat Khan and Shah Jahan fired him from the post of Jagirdar. Shah Jahan appointed new Jagirdar Mirja Khan the great grandson of Abdur Rahim Iin place of Najbat Khan.
         Mohanchatti /Fulchatti, Dadamandi or Dwarikhal ?
         
 Ma’asir al-Umara (a history memoir) mentions that Najbat Khan waited a place from where Shrinagar was thirty kos (sixty miles). From this place Najbat khan reached to Shambhal district along with Jabbal valley.
          It seems that Najbat Khan marched towards Shrinagar along with east Ganga bank. He reached to Mohan Chatti at the meeting place of Ganga-Hinwal. Hinwal seems to be Jabbal River of Ma’asir –al Umara. Najbat Khan camped in Mohan Chatti . From Mohan Chatti, Shrinagar is fifty miles. The Jabbal River seems to be Hinwal River. When queen sent only rupees one lakh gift, Najabat Khan returned through Jabbal (Hinwal) bank to Shambhal. When the Garhwal soldiers attacked Mughal army, Army had to run away through Jabbal valley and reached to Sambhal. That means Mughal army ran through Hinwal River valley from Mohanchatti, Katghar Mandul, Paukhal and then to Dada Mandi. From Dadamandi the Mughal army reached to Sambhal region via Bhabhar.
 Historians should remember that Taimur Lang also faced adversity in Bandarbhel or Dhang Garh (10 miles from Fulchatti) .
 Though, Dwarikhal is also sixty miles distance from Shrinagar, the region is easy to reach Shrinagar from Dwarikhal. Therefore, Dwarikhal can’t be the place where Najbat Khan army camped. Definitely, Mohan Chatti and Mala Bijni region would be the place where Najbat Khan camped and waited for gifts from Garhwal queen.
  The incident of returning by Najabat Khan from Garhwal to Sambhal region was great humiliation for Mughal Emperor.

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 11/7/2014
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -390
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter ….
XX    
Notes on South Asian Medieval History of Garhwal;  SouthAsian Medieval History of Pauri Garhwal;  Medieval History of Chamoli Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Rudraprayag Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Tehri Garhwal;  Medieval History of Uttarkashi Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Dehradun, Garhwal;  Medieval History of Haridwar ;  South Asian Medieval History of Manglaur, Haridwar;  South Asian Medieval History of Rurkee Haridwar ;  South Asian Medieval History of Bahadarpur Haridwar ; South Asian History of Haridwar district to be continued
XX

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Bhishma Kukreti

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Re: गढ़वाल का इतिहास 1223-1804 AD- History of Garhwal Region from 1223-1804 AD
« Reply #141 on: July 12, 2014, 09:05:50 AM »
 History of Recapturing of Dehradun from Mughal and Characteristics of Queen Karnavati
 
History of Garhwali Queen Nakkati /Nak Katai (Karnavati), part -5

History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -143     

   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -390 
 
                       By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)

             Recapturing Dehradun from Mughal Rule

               After defeat in Mohan Chatti or in a place in Ganga Salan, Najabat Khan ran away from Ganga Salan to Sambhal region. Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan was angry on Najabat Khan. The Garhwal army recaptured Dehradun region from Mughal army. However, Garhwal army could not recapture Kalsi from Mughal Army. In Prithvipati Shah Period, Mughal Army looted Jaunsar region very cruelly.

               Relation of Queen Nakkati /Nak Katai (Karnavati) with Neighbors

               There is no record available for of war between Garhwal and Tibet and between Garhwal and Kumaon. That suggests that Garhwal had amicable relation with Kumaon and Tibet in Karnavati period. Garhwal had hostile relation with Sirmaur Kingdom.

                        Nath Sect in Queen Nakkati /Nak Katai (Karnavati) Period

             There was immense influence of Nath sect in Garhwal from Ajay Pal period. The same influence of Nath sect on society was there in Garhwal in Queen Nakkati /Nak Katai (Karnavati) Period. The inscription of Deval Garh (1626) mentions name of Hansnath and Prabhatnath sages. Prabhat Nath repaired Satyanath Math and had Bhandara (ritual performance and feast).
       Brave Queen Nakkati /Nak Katai (Karnavati) Period
  Very less is mentioned in Ma’asir –al-Mara about queen Nakkati /Nak Katai. However, that is sufficient to suggest that Karnavati was brave, courageous, stable minded and visionary.

            Ruling Period of Queen Nakkati /Nak Katai (Karnavati)
  The inscriptions of Prithvipati Shah are available of 1640 and 1660. That means the ruling period of Queen Nakkati /Nak Katai (Karnavati) would be 1635-1639 or 1640.

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 12/7/2014
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -391
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter ….
XX    
Notes on South Asian Medieval History of Garhwal;  SouthAsian Medieval History of Pauri Garhwal;  Medieval History of Chamoli Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Rudraprayag Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Tehri Garhwal;  Medieval History of Uttarkashi Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Dehradun, Garhwal;  Medieval History of Haridwar ;  South Asian Medieval History of Manglaur, Haridwar;  South Asian Medieval History of Rurkee Haridwar ;  South Asian Medieval History of Bahadarpur Haridwar ; South Asian History of Haridwar district to be continued
XX
History of Recapturing of Dehradun from Mughal and Characteristics of Queen Karnavati; History of Recapturing of Dehradun from Mughal and Characteristics of Queen Karnavati in context History of Pauri Garhwal, History of Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan, History of Tibet, History of Kumaon and History of Sirmaur Himachal Pradesh; History of Recapturing of Dehradun from Mughal and Characteristics of Queen Karnavati in context History of Chamoli Garhwal, History of Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan, History of Tibet, History of Kumaon and History of Sirmaur Himachal Pradesh; History of Recapturing of Dehradun from Mughal and Characteristics of Queen Karnavati in context History of Rudraprayag Garhwal, History of Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan, History of Tibet, History of Kumaon and History of Sirmaur Himachal Pradesh; History of Recapturing of Dehradun from Mughal and Characteristics of Queen Karnavati in context History of Tehri Garhwal, History of Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan, History of Tibet, History of Kumaon and History of Sirmaur Himachal Pradesh; History of Recapturing of Dehradun from Mughal and Characteristics of Queen Karnavati in context History of Uttarkashi Garhwal, History of Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan, History of Tibet, History of Kumaon and History of Sirmaur Himachal Pradesh; History of Recapturing of Dehradun from Mughal and Characteristics of Queen Karnavati in context History of Dehradun Garhwal, History of Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan, History of Tibet, History of Kumaon and History of Sirmaur Himachal Pradesh; History of Recapturing of Dehradun from Mughal and Characteristics of Queen Karnavati in context History of Haridwar, History of Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan, History of Tibet, History of Kumaon and History of Sirmaur Himachal Pradesh;

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Bhishma Kukreti

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Re: गढ़वाल का इतिहास 1223-1804 AD- History of Garhwal Region from 1223-1804 AD
« Reply #142 on: July 13, 2014, 11:51:33 AM »
                         History of Famous Garhwal King Prithvipati Shah

History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -144     

   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -391 
 
                       By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)

         The lists of Becket, Williams describe Prithvipatishah the name of this king. Almora lists describe him as Prithvishah. Maularam describe this King as Prathipatishah.  His name in asilver inscription of Dev Prayag of 1640 is carved as Prithvipati. Muslim writers describe him with various names as Pirthavichand, Pirthisingh, and Pirthipati.

                           Information Source about Prithvipati Shah

1 and 2nd – Atkinson stated that there were two inscriptions of Prithvipati Shah of 1640 and 1660 put in district office. Now, those inscriptions are not there.
3rd – The silver inscription on door of Raghunath temple at Devprayag of Mathura Baurani is also important information source about Prithvipatishah.
   Mughal Emperors Shahjahan and Aurangzeb tried to capture Garhwal with failure. Garhwal army defended Mughal attacks very well.
Various Muslim writers’ books written in that period and orders of Mughal Empire threw lights on Prithvipati Shah.
The inscription of Fateh Shah of 1667 has seal of Prithvipati Shah and it suggests Prithvipati Shah was alive in 1667.
 European tourists as Barniyar and Manuso also wrote about Garhwal Kingdom.

                      Ruling Period of Prithvipati Shah
 
                     There are disagreements among historians about ruling period of Garhwal King Prithvipati Shah.
Becket- 1552-1614 – Totally illogical
Raturi- 1646-1676
Rahul- 1646- 1664
  The inscription of 1640 shows with surety that  that Prithvipati Shah started ruling the Kingdom after his mother Nakkatti retiring from the administration. The inscription of Mathura Baurani of 1664 suggests that Prithvipati Shah was alive in 1664. His son Medni Shah dethroned him from Kingdom.
  Dr Dabral suggests that Prithvipati Shah expired around 1664. While, historian Ajy Rawat suggests that Prithvi Pati was alive by 1667.

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 13/7/2014
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -392
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter ….
XX    
Notes on South Asian Medieval History of Garhwal;  SouthAsian Medieval History of Pauri Garhwal;  Medieval History of Chamoli Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Rudraprayag Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Tehri Garhwal;  Medieval History of Uttarkashi Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Dehradun, Garhwal;  Medieval History of Haridwar ;  South Asian Medieval History of Manglaur, Haridwar;  South Asian Medieval History of Rurkee Haridwar ;  South Asian Medieval History of Bahadarpur Haridwar ; South Asian History of Haridwar district to be continued
XX
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Bhishma Kukreti

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Re: गढ़वाल का इतिहास 1223-1804 AD- History of Garhwal Region from 1223-1804 AD
« Reply #143 on: July 25, 2014, 08:58:16 AM »
  History Review of Characteristics of Garhwal King Prithwipati Shah

History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -145     

   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -392 
 
                       By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)

              Prithwipati Shah was a strong will, brave and stable person. He had guts to head on with stronger enemy. He spent his whole life in battles and wars. He was kind and great donor.
   Historians remember Prithwipati Shah Rule for three major incidents-
1-Extension of Garhwal Kingdom in western region
2-Protecting Garhwal Kingdom from Shah Jahan
3-Sheltering Suleman Sikoh (son of Dara Sikoh that is grandson of Shah Jahna)


Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 25/7/2014
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -393
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter ….
XX    
Notes on South Asian Medieval History of Garhwal;  SouthAsian Medieval History of Pauri Garhwal;  Medieval History of Chamoli Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Rudraprayag Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Tehri Garhwal;  Medieval History of Uttarkashi Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Dehradun, Garhwal;  Medieval History of Haridwar ;  South Asian Medieval History of Manglaur, Haridwar;  South Asian Medieval History of Rurkee Haridwar ;  South Asian Medieval History of Bahadarpur Haridwar ; South Asian History of Haridwar district to be continued
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Bhishma Kukreti

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Re: गढ़वाल का इतिहास 1223-1804 AD- History of Garhwal Region from 1223-1804 AD
« Reply #144 on: July 29, 2014, 06:34:01 PM »
History of Prithvipati Shah winning West of Garhwal (Himachal Pradesh territories)

History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -146     

   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -393 
 
                       By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)

                       Garhwal King Prithvipati Shah Protecting Dehradun region 

            In the rule of queen Karnavati (Nak Kttai Rani), Mughal commander Najbat Khan captured Dehradun with the help of Sirmaur (Himachal region) King Mandhata Prakash. Most probably, after defeating Mughal commander Najbat Khan, Garhwal Queen Karnavati recaptured Dehradun region. It was a setback for Garhwal Kingdom that Najbat Khan and Mandhata Prakash captured Dehradun easily. King Prithvipati Shah took necessary defensive majors for protecting Dehradun region.
 
                      Wars against West of Garhwal Kingdoms
 
  According to Raturi, Prithvipati Shah extended his territory till Satluz River. However, his rule did not remain there for long. The Kings of Himachal region collectively expelled Garhwal army. Later on, there was treaty among Himachal side Kings and Hadkoti (Pabar river Bank) was set the boundary of Garhwal Kingdom.  Hadkoti  is at boundaries of Basher, Kyunthal and Jubbal Kingdoms.
 It is not found the reasons of Garhwal King attacking Himachal Kingdoms. Main reason might be to take revenge against those kings who helped Najbat Khan the commander of Shahjahan.
 Garhwal King recaptured Shergarh, Kalsi, Bairatgarh.
It seems one army marched through Dehradun to get free Shergarh and Kalsi.
Another time army marched through Saoda and Khashdhar.
The wars timing might be from 1640-1650.
 The Himachal Kings who were defeated by Prithvipati Shah took the matter with Mughal Emperor and requested him to help them. 
 


Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 26/7/2014
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -394
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter ….
XX    
Notes on South Asian Medieval History of Garhwal;  SouthAsian Medieval History of Pauri Garhwal;  Medieval History of Chamoli Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Rudraprayag Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Tehri Garhwal;  Medieval History of Uttarkashi Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Dehradun, Garhwal;  Medieval History of Haridwar ;  South Asian Medieval History of Manglaur, Haridwar;  South Asian Medieval History of Rurkee Haridwar ;  South Asian Medieval History of Bahadarpur Haridwar ; South Asian History of Haridwar district to be continued
XX

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Bhishma Kukreti

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Re: गढ़वाल का इतिहास 1223-1804 AD- History of Garhwal Region from 1223-1804 AD
« Reply #145 on: July 30, 2014, 10:24:25 AM »
History of Protection Strategy of Prithvipati Shah from Mughal Emperor Shahjahan

History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -147     

   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -394 
 
                       By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)

                Garhwal King Prithvipati Shah Insulting Gifts from Shahjhan

        Garhwal King Shyam Shah visited Agra for meeting Jahangir and Jahangir offered gifts to Shyam Shah. Due to this incident, Muslim historians misquoted Garhwal Kingdom as part of Mughal Empire.
   Shahjhan crowned himself and took Empire charge in 1628. Mahipati Shah was king of Garhwal at this time.Mahipati Shah did not attend the crowning of Shahjahan.
  When Prithvipati Shah was ascended on crown in 1640, Shahjahan sent his envoy to Shrinagar Garhwal with gifts and an order. The ministers advised Prithvipati Shah to welcome Mughal Empire diplomat. However, Prithvipati Shah argued that the representative of Mughal Empire is just a servant and He would not salute the representative. King Prithvipati Shah asked his soldiers to bring Mughal envoy at palace steps with force.
 The soldiers brought the Mughal representative by force to palace. The king put the gifts from Shahjahan below the bed and sat on that bed. Prithvipati Shah did not offer the envoy any seat and asked him to sit on ground. After some time, Prithvipati Shah asked the envoy to leave palace.
In night, the envoy ran away from Shrinagar. The envoy told the details to Shahjahan. The envoy told to Shahjahan that Garhwal King does not care for order from Mughal Emperor. The envoy also told that people are afraid of Prithvipati Shah.
The Muslim historians did not put any light on the above incident. However, Maularam wrote about above incident in details.



Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 30/7/2014
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -395
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter ….
XX    
Notes on South Asian Medieval History of Garhwal;  SouthAsian Medieval History of Pauri Garhwal;  Medieval History of Chamoli Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Rudraprayag Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Tehri Garhwal;  Medieval History of Uttarkashi Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Dehradun, Garhwal;  Medieval History of Haridwar ;  South Asian Medieval History of Manglaur, Haridwar;  South Asian Medieval History of Rurkee Haridwar ;  South Asian Medieval History of Bahadarpur Haridwar ; South Asian History of Haridwar district to be continued
XX
History of Garhwal King Prithvipati Shah Insulting Gifts from Mughal Emperor Shahjhan; History of Garhwal King Prithvipati Shah Insulting Gifts from Mughal Emperor Shahjhan in context to History of Haridwar, Garhwal; History of Garhwal King Prithvipati Shah Insulting Gifts from Mughal Emperor Shahjhan in context to History of Dehradun, Garhwal; History of Garhwal King Prithvipati Shah Insulting Gifts from Mughal Emperor Shahjhan in context to History of Pauri Garhwal; History of Garhwal King Prithvipati Shah Insulting Gifts from Mughal Emperor Shahjhan in context to History of Chamoli Garhwal; History of Garhwal King Prithvipati Shah Insulting Gifts from Mughal Emperor Shahjhan in context to History of Rudraprayag Garhwal; History of Garhwal King Prithvipati Shah Insulting Gifts from Mughal Emperor Shahjhan in context to History of Tehri Garhwal; History of Garhwal King Prithvipati Shah Insulting Gifts from Mughal Emperor Shahjhan in context to History of Uttarkashi Garhwal; History of Garhwal King Prithvipati Shah Insulting Gifts from Mughal Emperor Shahjhan in context to History of Delhi; History of Garhwal King Prithvipati Shah Insulting Gifts from Mughal Emperor Shahjhan in context to History of Mughal Empire;
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Bhishma Kukreti

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Re: गढ़वाल का इतिहास 1223-1804 AD- History of Garhwal Region from 1223-1804 AD
« Reply #146 on: July 31, 2014, 09:38:26 AM »
           History of Meer Mughal Attacking Garhwal

History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -148     

   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -395 
 
                       By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)
               After getting information about insult to Mughal Envoy by Garhwal King, Shahjahan ordered his commander Meer Mughal to capture Garhwal King and get him at Mughal court.
 Meer Mughal and his army surrounded Garhwal from three sides or two sides. Prithvipati Shah came to the site with his army. There was a narrow valley between two hills in Dehradun region. There was plain land too there. Prithvipati asked Meer Mughal to have one to one fight between them. Prithvipati cut hand of Meer Mughal. Prithvipati killed Meer Mughal. Mughal army ran away from the battle field.
 Thie above remarks are of Maularam who wrote from the folklores.
Muslim writers did not write anything about Meer Mughal. However, Muslim writer ( Ma’assir-al-Umra) wrote about Meerut-Saharanpur regional commander Karodi Mirza Mughal planning for  attacking Dehradun. There is nothing written more about Karodi Mirza Mughal by Muslim historians.

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 31/7/2014
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -396
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter ….
XX    
Notes on South Asian Medieval History of Garhwal;  SouthAsian Medieval History of Pauri Garhwal;  Medieval History of Chamoli Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Rudraprayag Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Tehri Garhwal;  Medieval History of Uttarkashi Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Dehradun, Garhwal;  Medieval History of Haridwar ;  South Asian Medieval History of Manglaur, Haridwar;  South Asian Medieval History of Rurkee Haridwar ;  South Asian Medieval History of Bahadarpur Haridwar ; South Asian History of Haridwar district to be continued
XX
History of Meer Mughal the regional commander of Shahjahan Attacking Garhwal; History of Meer Mughal the regional commander of Shahjahan Attacking Garhwal in context History of Haridwar Garhwal; History of Meer Mughal the regional commander of Shahjahan Attacking Garhwal in context History of Dehradun Garhwal; History of Meer Mughal the regional commander of Shahjahan Attacking Garhwal in context History of Pauri Garhwal; History of Meer Mughal the regional commander of Shahjahan Attacking Garhwal in context History of Uttarkashi Garhwal; History of Meer Mughal the regional commander of Shahjahan Attacking Garhwal in context History of Tehri Garhwal; History of Meer Mughal the regional commander of Shahjahan Attacking Garhwal in context History of Rudraprayag Garhwal; History of Meer Mughal the regional commander of Shahjahan Attacking Garhwal in context History of Chamoli Garhwal;
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Bhishma Kukreti

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Re: गढ़वाल का इतिहास 1223-1804 AD- History of Garhwal Region from 1223-1804 AD
« Reply #147 on: August 01, 2014, 08:48:57 AM »
History of Conspiracy by Mughal Emperor Shahjahan for Dividing Garhwal Kingdom

History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -149     

   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -396 
 
                       By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)

           Garhwal King Prithvipati Shah attacked a couple of Himachal Kingdoms including Sirmaur. Most probably, the Kumaon and Sirmaur Kings (Himachal) and other  Himachal kings complained to Shahjahan about Prithvipati Shah and compelled Shahjahan to attack on Garhwal Kingdom.
             Shahjahan sent a Farman (order) in 1653 AD (28 Jamudas, Sani Hijari 1064) to Mandhata Prakash the king of Sirmaur. The Farman states that Shahjahan deputed the Kangda and Jammu commander Airijkhan to attack Garhwal Kingdom. Shahjahan asked Sirmaur King Madhata Prakash to help Airijkhan. Emperor Shahjahan laid down the following preposition after winning Garhwal-
1-The part of Garhwal nearby Kumaon would be given to Kumaon
2-The nearby Sirmaur portion of Garhwal Kingdom would be given to Sirmaur
3-Balance parts would be part of Mughal Empire
  It is not clear about Airijkhan attacking on Garhwal and how many times he attacked. Due to death of Mandhata Prakash the planning was not successful but Shahjahan was pleased by the works of Airijkhan and offered him awards.
 It seems Airijkhan looted Dehradun region for a couple of times.
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 1/8/2014
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -397
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter ….
XX    
Notes on South Asian Medieval History of Garhwal;  SouthAsian Medieval History of Pauri Garhwal;  Medieval History of Chamoli Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Rudraprayag Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Tehri Garhwal;  Medieval History of Uttarkashi Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Dehradun, Garhwal;  Medieval History of Haridwar ;  South Asian Medieval History of Manglaur, Haridwar;  South Asian Medieval History of Rurkee Haridwar ;  South Asian Medieval History of Bahadarpur Haridwar ; South Asian History of Haridwar district to be continued
XX
History of Conspiracy by Mughal Emperor Shahjahan for Dividing Garhwal Kingdom; History of Conspiracy by Mughal Emperor Shahjahan for Dividing Garhwal Kingdom in context History of Haridwar Garhwal, North India, South Asia; History of Conspiracy by Mughal Emperor Shahjahan for Dividing Garhwal Kingdom in context History of Pauri Garhwal, North India, South Asia; History of Conspiracy by Mughal Emperor Shahjahan for Dividing Garhwal Kingdom in context History of Chamoli Garhwal, North India, South Asia; History of Conspiracy by Mughal Emperor Shahjahan for Dividing Garhwal Kingdom in context History of Rudraprayag Garhwal, North India, South Asia; History of Conspiracy by Mughal Emperor Shahjahan for Dividing Garhwal Kingdom in context History of Tehri Garhwal, North India, South Asia; History of Conspiracy by Mughal Emperor Shahjahan for Dividing Garhwal Kingdom in context History of Uttarkashi Garhwal, North India, South Asia; History of Conspiracy by Mughal Emperor Shahjahan for Dividing Garhwal Kingdom in context History of Dehradun Garhwal, North India, South Asia; History of Conspiracy by Mughal Emperor Shahjahan for Dividing Garhwal Kingdom in context History of Mughal Empire, North India, South Asia; History of Conspiracy by Mughal Emperor Shahjahan for Dividing Garhwal Kingdom in context History of Sirmaur, Himachal, North India, South Asia; History of Conspiracy by Mughal Emperor Shahjahan for Dividing Garhwal Kingdom in context History of Kumaon, North India, South Asia; History of Conspiracy by Mughal Emperor Shahjahan for Dividing Garhwal Kingdom in context History of Kangada, Himachal, North India, South Asia;

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Bhishma Kukreti

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Re: गढ़वाल का इतिहास 1223-1804 AD- History of Garhwal Region from 1223-1804 AD
« Reply #148 on: August 03, 2014, 12:18:21 PM »

History of Non Amicable relationship of Prithvipati Shah with Shah Jahan

History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -150     

   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -397 
 
                       By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)

      Appointment of Khalilullah Khan by Shahjahan for Capturing Garhwal

       Garhwal had been a pain in the neck for all Mughal Emperors. There had been tens of stories about Garhwal and Garhwalis that there are gold mines in Garhwal and inhabitants are Rakshas. Garhwal was unwinnable for Mughals.
         Mughal Emperor Shahjahan appointed (an Ujbek )  and his commander Khallilula Khan to capture Garhwal region. Khalilullah Khan won a couple of wars in western Hilly regions as Kabul, Balakh. Khallilula Khan won Balakh battle with Aurangzeb to for Shahjahan. Khallilula Khan was energetic, enthusiastic, brave and experienced commander for Shahjahan.

         Order for Sirmaur King Shaubhagya Prakash from Shahjahan

   Most probably, Khallilullah Khan reached south plains of Sirmaur hills with his army. Khallilula Khan brought a farman (order) for newly crowned Sirmaur king Shaubhagy Prakash. Sirmaur was under Shahjahan. The order accepted Saubhagya Prakash as king of Sirmaur.
          Another order was of 24th Muhrram 1065 Hijari (1654-1655) that informed Saubhagya Prakash that Khallilula Khan is being deputed to capture Garhwal with ten thousand soldiers. Bairam Khan was assistant commander of Khallilula Khan. Shahjhan ordered Saubhagya Prakash to help Khallilullah Khan.
Though Sirmaur was a free state but was totally dependent on Mughal for its existence. Sirmaur Kingdom used to supply snow to Mughal Court Kitchen from February to September. Sirmaur is referred as ‘Barfi Raja’ in Mughal inscriptions.
 Sirmaur Kingdom was natural enemy of Garhwal Kingdom. Therefore, Sirmaur King Saubhagya Prakash marched with his army with Khalilullah Khan Army towards Garhwal border. Perhaps other Himachal kings who were defeated by Prithvipati Shah also helped Khallilula Khan. Shahjhan ordered Kumaon King Bajbahadur to help Khallilula Khan.

                         Capturing Doon Valley (Dehradun) by Mughal Army

       The Mughal Army of ten thousand soldiers, army of Sirmaur king Saubhagya Prakash, army of smaller Kings of hills of Himachal led by Khalilullah Khan crossed Yamuna River and entered Doon region of Garhwal. 
  According to Enayat Khan (Shahjahannama), Doon region was extended between east of Yamuna and west of Ganga Rivers. The length of Doon was forty miles (bees kos) and width was ten miles (five Kos). There were prosperous villages and towns ( Mauja and Mahal).
  Garhwal army was weak as compared to Mughal army. Therefore, Garhwal army did not resist and Mughal Army captured Doon region easily.
 There was need of camps for Mughal soldiers for stable rule over Doon. Within a week, Khalilullah Khan built a stable Camp of Mud at Kilaghar (Kaulagarh) for soldiers. Khalilullah handed over the camp to his mansabdar and two gun fighters.

           Looting and Killings by Mughal Army
    Khalilullah Khan forwarded his army towards Bahadurkhanpur (Bahadurshah pur). The people of nearby villages ran towards hills and forests for protection from Mughal repression. Khalilullah Khan sent his army to capture those people. The Mughal army captured inncent people and killed many of them. Mughal army behaved with people with cruelty and Mughal soldiers made people their slaves. Mughal soldiers got uncountable animals from villages.

                                Building Stable Army Camps
 
  Khalilullah Khan built stable Army Camps in Doon valley at following places –
 1-Kilaghar (Kaulagarh)- As mentioned above
2-Bhahadurkhanpur (Bahadurshahpur)- Khan handed over this camp to a faithful officer subordinated by Mansabdar and 500 gun fighters.
3-Basantpur- Khalil-Ullah Khan camped at hill platue. He built a Mud Fort for his soldiers. Khan appointed a Mansabdar and 250 gunfighters for the camp.
4-Sahaspur- Khalil-Ullah Khan found ruins of old fort in Sahaspur. He rebuilt the fort and handed over the fort to his confident officer. There were 250 gun fighters in the rebuilt fort to protect Mughal interest.

                                          Capturing Thana-Chandi
    After establishing rule over Doon valley, Mughal Army marched towards Rishikesh. The Army reached at the bank of Ganga.  Khan ordered his soldiers to cross Ganga. Soldiers crossed Ganga and reached (present Pauri Garhwal) Thana Chandi. Mughal army captured Chandi camp. Mughal Army pushed out Garhwal army from Thana Chandi.

            Arrival of Kumaon King Bajbahadur Chandra in Garhwal

  In 1653, Mughal Emperor made a strategy to capture Garhwal intending taking help from Himachal region kings and Kumaon King Bajbahadur Chand. However, due to death of Sairmaur King Madhata Prakash the planning was postponed. In 1654-55, Shajhan sent his confident commander Khalilullah Khan to capture Garhwal. Khalilullah Khan was successful in capturing Doon valley, Lakshman Jhula, Swargashram, Chandi and Bhabhar region. Kumaon King Bajbahadur Chandra paid visit to Khalilullah Khan in his camp at the bank of Ganga. Shahjahan sent a farman (order) and gem gifts for Kumaon King (Kumaon ka Jagirdar). Bajbahadur was asked to attack on east Garhwal.

             Arrival of Monsoon
 Before, Khalilullah Khan would advance towards hills of Garhwal and Kumaon King would attack on Garhwal Monsoon arrived.  Mughal army had knowledge that in past, Mughal army was defeated by Garhwal army due to rainy season. The rainy season of Garhwal was never been suitable for outside army. Therefore, Khalil-Ullah Khan was advised to postpone further advancement towards hills. However, Bajbahadur Chand was free to attack on Garhwal.

                          Mughal Administration in Doon Valley
       
 The annual income of Doon region was rupees one and half lakhs. Chaturbhuj Chauhan was handed over to administrate Doon region. Chaturbhuj Chauhan was dedh hajari Mansabdar and was very much interested to be Mansabdar of Doon valley. Chaturbhuj Chauhan was local strategist with Khalilullah Khan in Doon valley campaign. Most probably, Chaturbhuj Chauhan was asked to attack hills of Garhwal after rainy season.
 Hardwar chief Nagar Das was made in charge of Chandi, Lakshman Jhula, Swarashram (today’s Udaipur Patti region of Pauri Garhwal). 
 Khalil-Ullah returned to the Mughal capital after establishing administration in Dun valley and Chandi region.
                   Award to Saubhagya Prakash of Sirmaur
     
 Sirmaur chief Saubhagya Prakash was in campaign of capturing Dun region with Khalil-Ullah Khan. There is no record about Shahjhan awarding Saubhagya Prakash and other small chiefs of Himachal region. An Mughal Order (farman) of 1655 preserved in Sirmaur records state that Shahjahan informed Saubhagya Prakash that he would be awarded as per recommendation of Khalil-Ullah Khan. 
Saubhagya Prakash was also ordered to capture Kotadun region. Saubhagya Prakash captured Kotadun by pushing away the Jameendar of Kota. There is no record about which Kotadun. Kotadun was also in Sirmaur region and Doon region. Doon or Dun means a valley and Kota means Fort.
Shahjhan sent a farman in 1655 (22 Jamad –ul-abbal Hijari 1065).

      Attack of Kumaon ruler Bajbahadur Chandra on Garhwal

    After getting gem gifts and order from Shahjhan, Kumaon King was pleased. Bajbahadur sent his two platoons to attack on Garhwal –one towards Pindar-Badhan and other towards Lohaba. Bajbahadur captured Juniyagarh fort of Chaukot of Garhwal.
 Garhwal King was in trouble due to attacks from four sides Mughal attack from Dun and Chandi and two side attacks from Kumaon.

                          Shahjahan Awarding Bajbahadur Chandra

  Before, Bajbahadur attacked on Garhwal for helping Mughal Empire, was called Baj Chandra. Shah Jahan ordered him to have name as Bajbahadur.  Bajbahadur went to Shahjahan for paying tribute and getting award.
 Bajbahdur took gifts for the Mughal Emperor Shahjahan and his eldest son Dara Shukoh.
Shahjahan also permitted to play Nakkara (Damu) to Bajbahadur. Mughal Emperor offered gem ornament gifts to Bajbahadur.
  Tarai region of Kumaon was under Katheriyas. Bajbahadur requested back Tarai. Shahjhan accepted request and offered a farman Bajbahadur being Jagirdar of Tarai too. With the help of Mughal commander of Moradabad Nabab Rustamkhan and Khalil-Ullah Khan Kumaon King captured Tarai region from Kateriyas.
  Garhwal Kingdom recapturing lost territories from Kumaon

  Kumaon army captured some part of east –north Garhwal; Bajbahadur Chandra had to march towards Tibet to suppress the looters of Tibet who used to harass Mansarovar pilgrims. Taking advantage, Garhwali army fought with Kumaon army and freed the Garhwal territory from Kumaoni army.   

    Recapturing some parts of Dun region by Garhwal Army

   Garhwal army was trying to get free Dun / Doon region from Mughal rule. Garhwal army recaptured Santurgarh and nearby region from Mughal. Prithvipati Shah asked soldiers to repair fortress. Garhwali army used to flank on Mughal army.
             Kasimkhan attacking Garhwal Army
 Garhwal army used to flank on Mughal soldiers and used to kill or repress them regularly. Getting information about regular encroachment by Garhwal Army, Shahjahan deputed Kasim Khan Mir Atish to help Mughal army of Dun region. Kasim Khan came to Garhwal with four thousand soldiers. Kasimkhan surrounded Santurgarh fort with high speed.  Garhwali soldiers ran away from Santurgarh fort and they let fire on food and on roof of houses.
                   Prithvipati Shah Accepting Supremacy of Mughal Empire
 
 Due to regular attacks by Mughal soldiers on Garhwal from south and enmities with Kumaon (east of Garhwal) and Sirmaur, Basher (west of Garhwal), it was not possible for Prithvipati Shah to be protected from all those enemies. Prithvipati Shah decided to take sugation under Shahjahan the Mughal Emperor.
Prithvipati sent a few long letters to Jahannara Begum Sahib the daughter of Shahjahan, Prithvipati informed that he was devotee of Shahjahan and he was innocent. Prithvipati Shah requested her to tell Dara Shikoh to request Shahjahan for offering shelter to Garhwal Kingdom.
  Dara Shikoh the eldest Son of Shah Jahan assured Prithvipati Singh for taking his matter with Shah Jahan sympathetically. Dara Shikoh convinced Shah Jahan to pardon Garhwal king and made Shah Jahan have a treaty with Garhwal.
 
                   Medani Singh in Delhi Mughal Court

  After getting assurance from Dara Shikoh, Prithvipati Singh (Shah) sent his son Medani Singh (Shah) to Delhi for meeting with Shah Jahan. Medani Singh reached to Delhi and met with Dara Shikoh.
 On 30th July 1656, Medani Shah met Shahjahan with Dara Shikoh. Medani Shah offered gifts from his father Shahjahan for one thousand Asharfi (gold coins).
According to Maularam, an ambassador praised Prithvipati Shah before Shah Jahan. The ambassador said that Prithvipati Singh is brave and wise. He told to Mughal Emperor that Meer Mughal was killed due to his foolishness. Dara Shikoh and other sons of Shah Jahan also advised Shahjahan that the brave king Prithvipati Shah would be more helpful to Mughal Empire in need. Shahjahan pardoned Prithvipati Shah.
 According to historian Kanoongo, Shahjahan offered gifts of gemmed Khiliat, gems, hand ornament embroidered by gems, a Kipchak horse with silver saddle.
Shahjahan returned the Doon and Bhabhar territories back to Garhwal Kingdom.
Maularam stated that Shahjahan offered Shahjhan sent his ambassador to Shrinagar with gifts of gemmed Khiliat, Dushala, eleven horses.


Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 3/8/2014
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -398
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter ….
XX    
Notes on South Asian Medieval History of Garhwal;  SouthAsian Medieval History of Pauri Garhwal;  Medieval History of Chamoli Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Rudraprayag Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Tehri Garhwal;  Medieval History of Uttarkashi Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Dehradun, Garhwal;  Medieval History of Haridwar ;  South Asian Medieval History of Manglaur, Haridwar;  South Asian Medieval History of Rurkee Haridwar ;  South Asian Medieval History of Bahadarpur Haridwar ; South Asian History of Haridwar district to be continued
XX
History of Non Amicable relationship of Garhwal King Prithvipati Shah with Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan; History of Non Amicable relationship of Garhwal King Prithvipati Shah with Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in context History of Pauri Garhwal; History of Non Amicable relationship of Garhwal King Prithvipati Shah with Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in context History of Chamoli Garhwal; History of Non Amicable relationship of Garhwal King Prithvipati Shah with Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in context History of Rudraprayag Garhwal; History of Non Amicable relationship of Garhwal King Prithvipati Shah with Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in context History of Tehri Garhwal; History of Non Amicable relationship of Garhwal King Prithvipati Shah with Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in context History of Uttarkashi Garhwal; History of Non Amicable relationship of Garhwal King Prithvipati Shah with Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in context History of Dehradun Garhwal; History of Non Amicable relationship of Garhwal King Prithvipati Shah with Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in context History of Haridwar Garhwal; History of Non Amicable relationship of Garhwal King Prithvipati Shah with Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in context History of Himachal Pradesh; History of Non Amicable relationship of Garhwal King Prithvipati Shah with Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in context History of Kumaon;

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Bhishma Kukreti

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Re: गढ़वाल का इतिहास 1223-1804 AD- History of Garhwal Region from 1223-1804 AD
« Reply #149 on: August 07, 2014, 09:43:07 AM »
                     History of Garhwal King Medni Shah
History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -152     

   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -399
 
                       By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)

                 There are disagreements between historians Dabral and Ajay Rawat about death of Medni Shah and death of Prithvipati Shah. Dabral states that the year of death of Prithvipati must be 1664. Ajay Rawat refers the Farman from Aurangzeb to Prithvipati Shah of 1662 refers about death of Medni Shah the son of Prithvipati Shah. Same way Ajay Rawat argued that Prithvipati Shah was alive till 1667 as there is seal of Prithvipati Shah in a copper inscription.
  It is sure that Medni Shah dethroned his father from Kingship before November 1660. Medni Shah was more practical than his father. Mughal Army and its alliances Army were highly powerful than Garhwal Army. Medni Shah might have concluded after consulting his ministers and well wishers that it was dangerous to resist Aurungzeb’s order about handing over of Suleiman Shikoh to Aurungzeb. 
                                  Letter to Jai Singh
  Medni Shah sent a letter to King jai Singh that he was agreed to hand over Suleiman Shikoh to the Mughal.
                        Arrival of Ram Singh in Garhwal Region
   
               On 12 December 1660, Aurungzeb sent Ram Singh (son of Jai Singh) to Bhabhar Garhwal (Sarkar, History of Aurungzeb) for bringing Suleiman Shikoh. However, Raturi states that Ram Singh reached to Shrinagar and met Medni Shah and Prithvipati Shah. Prithvipati Shah was still ready to offer asylum to Suleiman Shikoh. However, Prithvipati was helpless.
  Suleiman Shikoh came to know the conspiracy of Medni Shah and Ram Singh. In night, Suleiman Shikoh ran towards Tibet. However, not aware about Tibet road he hid in a cave near Shrinagar. A shepherd informed to Medni Shah about Suleiman hiding in a cave. According to Muslim writers Garhwal army followed Suleiman and Suleiman and his supporter fought with Garhwal army but lost the mini battle. Soldiers caught Suleiman Shikoh.   
  However, Muslim historians or memoir writers do not vouch that Ram Singh reached to Shrinagar. Maularam also supports that Ram Singh did not reach to Shrinagar.  Medni Shah came to Bhabhar near present Kotdwara and handed over Mughal Prince Suleiman Shikoh on 27th December 1660. The said information reached to Aurungzeb on 29th December 1660. Getting information, pleased Aurungzeb offered a gemmed Turra to Jay Sing the father of Ram Singh.
  Ram Singh, Tarbiyat Khan, Radandaj Khan and other Mansabdar (commanders or heads) reached Delhi with Suleiman Shikoh on 2nd January 1661.  Suleiman Shikoh was put in Jail near Salimgarh with Muhammad Sultan the son of Aurungzeb. Muhammad Sultan opposed Aurungzeb with Shuza and Aurungzeb put his son in Jail.
 Muslim Memoir books as Muaasir al Umara etc state that Medni Shah was also with Ram Singh up to Delhi. Aurungzeb pardoned Garhwal Kingdom. 

                            Folklore of Shrinagar Garhwal about Suleiman Shikoh
 
   Maularam was born after eighty years of the above incidents. He created a book Gadhrajvnsh Kavya. Dr Dabral got the manuscript from Baijnath Tomar the great grandson of Maularam in Shrinagar Garhwal. The poetry starts from Suleiman Shikoh. However, unfortunately, two first pages are missing from the said manuscript. Dr Dabral published the poetry and other literature of Maularam.
Maularm took clue from folklore famous in Shrinagar. By mistake, Maularam wrote Jahangir instead of Shahjahan and Fate Shah instead of Prithvipati Shah.
 Medni Shah sent letter to Aurungzeb and Aurungzeb sent his army to capture Suleiman Shikoh. Aurungzeb threatened Garhwal King to hand over Suleiman otherwise he would capture Pataldun or Bhabhar.
                                Taking Suleiman to Bhabhar
 Getting letter from Aurungzeb, Medni Shah consulted his confident ministers. The Khas minister advised to take Suleiman by force to the commander of Aurungzeb. The Brahmin minster advised not to hand over Suleiman Shikoh to Aurangzeb. Brahmin ministers advised to take Suleiman Shikoh through diplomatic means.
 At the end, Medni Shah went to Suleiman Shikoh and told him that Mughal army captured Bhabhar and Garhwal army was unable to fight without leader. Medni Shah told that he (Medni) had to reach Bhabhar. Medni Shah told Suleiman to come Bhabhar with him. The chief minister of Suleiman advised Suleiman not to go Bhabhar but Suleiman agreed to go along with Medni Shah.
 Medni Shah told Suleiman Shikoh to march towards Pataldun (Bhabhar). Medni Shah assured that just after Suleiman his Diwan/ chief minister, wife, Harem women and other servants would follow. Suleiman Shikoh marched towards Bhabhar. As soon as Suleiman Shikoh reached at Bhabhar, he was handed over to Mughal Army.
               Cursing by Suleiman Shikoh
     When Medni Shah handed over Suleiman Shikoh to Mughal Army Suleiman Shikoh felt sorry for the deceptive method of Garhwal King. Suleiman Shikoh cursed Garhwal King that his Kingdom would be ruined very shortly. Suleiman cursed that there would be many calamities, disturbances in Garhwal and Garhwal would be in poor conditions. 
Medni Shah returned to Shrinagar after handing over Suleiman Shikoh to Mughal Army.

  Who was Responsible for Handing over Suleiman Shikoh to Mughal Army?

             According to Muslim memoir writers Ram Singh did not visit Shrinagar Garhwal to take Suleiman Shikoh. Muslim historians state that Garhwal King sent Suleiman Shikoh to Bhabhar with his son Medni Shah (Kafi Khan –Multakhbul- Lubab and Mua’asir –ul-Umara). Muslim writers credit to Prithvipati Shah handing over to Muslim Army by deceptive manner. However, historian Quanungo argued that Prithvipati Singh would not do as he would have handed Suleiman Shikoh at initial stage. Qanungo believed that Prithvipati Singh was not party betraying Suleiman Shikoh.
Maularam stated wrongly Fateshah (son of Medni Shah) betraying Suleiman Shikoh. However, Maularam also accepted that Aurungzeb returned Doon valley to Garhwal in the period of Medni Shah. 
                               Award to Saubhagya/Subhag  Prakash

  Aurungzeb did not return Doon valley to Garhwal Kingdom for a few years after his being Mughal Emperor. In 1661, Aurungzeb handed over rule of Kalakhar region to Sirmaur King Saubhagya or Subhag Prakash. Perhaps Kalakhar region is present Kaulagarh of Dehradun.
                      Crowning of Medni Shah?
 According to Dabral, Raturi and British historians, Medni Shah was crowned officially in 1664 after death of his father Prithvi Pat Shah. While offering a Farman from Aurungzeb, Ajay Rawat state that Medni Shah died in 1662 in Delhi. Aurungzeb sent a Farman to Prithvipati Singh in 1662.

           Sheltering Ministers of Suleiman Shikoh in Shrinagar Garhwal
  It is said that Medni Shah sent the Begum (wife), women and other private servants of Suleiman Shikoh to Bhabhar after some time. However, he put Ministers as Shyam Das and his son Kehri Das and other administrative officers into prison. Later on Medni Shah made them understand that if they go to Delhi Aurungzeb would put them in prison. Medni Shah arranged stiffened for them. Later on Medni Shah freed them and appointed them in court employment. Maularam was great grandson of Shyam Das.
                 
             Aurangzeb ordering Medni Shah to win Butaulgarh and History Aspects of Butaula Negi

      Garhwal King Medni Shah went to Mughal Court before Aurungzeb asp er Emperor Order. According to Maularam, Medni Shah handed over his rule to his son Fateh Shah. Aurungzeb ordered Medni Shah to capture Butolgarh. Before that Mughal army was failure in winning Butolgarh. Mukandilal mentioned Kyunthalgarh of Himachal instead Butaul Garh (Hindustani Patrika) . Muslim historians did not state anything about Aurangzeb ordering Medni Shah for capturing Butaul Garh.
         Campaign of Capturing Butaul Garh
As per order of Aurungzeb, Medni Shah ordered his army to march for Butaulgarh. In front, there were Khasiya labor soldiers. They were carrying Sattu (roasted cereal flour), roasted cereals, wodden plates. They were carrying water in tumadis (calabash). Khasiya labor soldiers were also carrying bedding and hemp sheets for protecting Sattu etc.
        Marcha (Tibetan origin) soldiers were after Khasia soldiers. Marcha soldiers were carrying arrows, javelins and axes. There were soldiers from Lohaba and Badhan. Those soldiers were having guns in their hands. The soldiers were marching with enthusiasm. Medni Shah was leading enthusiastic army.   
 Since, the army did not have Deswal, Salani and Dilwal soldiers it is obvious that Butaulgarh was a hill region. A Tunwar commander was leading the army.
The Opposite Army – The opposite army resembled a half armed mob, rather than a military force. The soldiers did not have army uniform, each soldier was having arms as per his circumstances, some with matchlock, some with swords and those were not having any arm they were possessing sticks and tree branches (JAS of Bengal, vol-8). Garhwal army was also same as opposite army.
Surrounding Butaulgarh- Garhwal army surrounded Butaul Garh.  Medni Shah ordered to stop food and water supply for fort. He also ordered his men not to communicate with people inside the Garh or fort.  A few armed forces entered into Garh and beheaded the soldiers of Butaul Garh. Balance soldiers surrender before Medni Shah. In the name of Mughal Empire, Medni Shah captured Butaul Garh. He informed the capturing of Butaul Garh to Aurangzeb.
Awarding to Commander- Tunwar was the army commander of the campaign. Medni Shah was pleased by the win. Medni Shah offered a silver inscription to Tunwar commander. Medni Shah offered Tunwar commander as Butaula Negi. Butaula Negi of Garhwal are successor of that Tunwar commander. Tunwar commander was successor of Banarasi Das Tunvar who fought against Kumaoni army from Garhwal army in past.

                                  Order for Doon Valley under Garhwal Kingdom

  Aurangzeb invited Medni Shah to Delhi after getting information he capturing Butaula Garh. In Delhi, Mughal administration welcomed him with great honor. Aurangzeb asked the demand of Medni Shah. Medni Shah requested to get Doon valley free from Mughal rule. Aurungzeb ordered the rule of Garhwal over Doon valley. Now Doon valley was under Garhwal.

                          Medni Shah residing in Delhi
      Aurungzeb was influenced by Medni Shah and he told him to stay in Delhi. Medni Shah used to visit Mughal court daily.
 Maularam wrote that Garhwal king returned Delhi (he wrote wrong names). However, Ajay Rawat argued that Medni Shah died in Delhi in 1662 for his treachery. 
  Dr Dabral stressed more on Garhrajvansh Kavya of Maularam for mentioning history of Medni Shah. While other historians as Rawat, handa etc did not write much about Medni Shah.
 

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 6/8/2014
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -400
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter ….
XX    
Notes on South Asian Medieval History of Garhwal;  SouthAsian Medieval History of Pauri Garhwal;  Medieval History of Chamoli Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Rudraprayag Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Tehri Garhwal;  Medieval History of Uttarkashi Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Dehradun, Garhwal;  Medieval History of Haridwar ;  South Asian Medieval History of Manglaur, Haridwar;  South Asian Medieval History of Rurkee Haridwar ;  South Asian Medieval History of Bahadarpur Haridwar ; South Asian History of Haridwar district to be continued
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