Author Topic: गढ़वाल का इतिहास 1223-1804 AD- History of Garhwal Region from 1223-1804 AD  (Read 141168 times)

Bhishma Kukreti

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History aspects of Kabeerpanth, Shankaryacharya disciples, Nanakpanth in Garhwal-Haridwar around Sultanate attack Period (1200-1500)
                               
       History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -61     
   
 History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -306 

                       By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)
                                  Kabir

  Kabir was born around 1400-1500. Dr Pitambar Barthwal argued that Kabir visited Garhwal. According to a book Guru Mahima of eighteenth century, Raja Mohan Ray was king of Shrinagar Garhwal when Kabir visited Garhwal. However, history records do not support or deny.
                                               Nanak
             Nanak was born in Larkana in 1469. Guru Nanak was born as Hindu and died as Hindu. He never created any sect as such. He was great reformer. Guru Nanak visited Haridwar. Guru Nanak preached there against superstitions. Today, there is a Gurudwara Nanakwara in Haridwar where it is said that Guru Nanak stayed in Haridwar.

          Totakacharya of Badrinath and Kedarnath
 Shankaracharya handed over the ritual performances and administration of Badrinath and Jyotirmath temples to his disciple called Totakacharya. There had been nineteen Acharya including Totkacharya who administrated Rituals of Badrinath and Jyotirmath for four hundred years-
Trotak
Vijay
Krishna
Kumar
Garuddhwaj
Vindhya
Viashal
Vakul
Waman
Sundar
Arun
Shrinivas
Sukhanand
Narayan
Umapati


Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 2/4//2014
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -306 

                                      References

1-Dr. Shiv Prasad Dabral, 1971, Uttarakhand ka Itihas Bhag-4, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda, Pauri Garhwal, India 
2-Harikrishna Raturi, Garhwal ka Itihas
3-Dr. Patiram, Garhwal Ancient and Modern
4-Rahul Sankrityayan, Garhwal
5- Oakley and Gairola, Himalayan Folklore
6- Bhakt Darshan, Garhwal ki Divangit Vibhutiyan
7-Foster, Early Travels in India William Finch
8-Upadhyaya, Shri Shankaracharya
9-Shering, Western Tibet and British
10-H.G. Walton, Gazetteer of British Garhwal
11-B.P.Kamboj, Early Wall Paintings of Garhwal
12-H.g Walton, Gazetteer of Dehradun
13- Vimal Chandra, Prachin Bharat ka Itihas
14-Meera Seth, Wall Paintings of Western Himalayas 
15-Furar, Monumental Antiquities
16-Haudiwala, Studies in Indo-Muslim History
17- Rahul Khari 2007, Jats and Gujjar Origin, History and Culture
18- Upendra Singh, 2006, Delhi: Ancient History, Barghahan Books
19- B.S. Dahiya, 1980, Jats the Ancient Rulers (A Clan Study) , Sterling Publications
20- Maithani, Bharat –Gotrapravardeepika
21 Prem Hari Har Lal, 1993, The Doon Valley Down the Ages
22-Dashrath Sharma, Early Chauhan Dynasties
23- Shailndra Nath Sen, Ancient History and Civilization
24-H.M Elliot, 1867, The History of India as told by its Own Historians
25- Jaswant Lal Mehta, 1979, Advance Study in Medieval India
26- Nau Nihal Singh, 2003, The Royal Gurjars: their contribution to India, Anmol Publications 
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter    
Notes on  South Asian Medieval History of Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Pauri Garhwal;  Medieval History of Chamoli Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Rudraprayag Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Tehri Garhwal;  Medieval History of Uttarkashi Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Dehradun, Garhwal;  Medieval History of Haridwar ;  South Asian Medieval History of Manglaur, Haridwar;  South Asian Medieval History of Rurkee Haridwar ;  South Asian Medieval History of Bahadarpur Haridwar ; South Asian History of Haridwar district to be continued

Bhishma Kukreti

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     History aspects of Origin of Panwar Dynasty Rule in Garhwal 

 History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -62     
   
 History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -307 

                       By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)

                            Heirs of Vatsraj

         King Vatsraj or Bahruj fought with Timur in South Garhwal in 1399. No records and folklore are available about Vatsraj or Bahruj.  There is no evidence about his last heir who ruled Garhwal or South Garhwal.
          The Devprayag inscription (1455) mentions a name Jagtipal  Rajwar
श्री संवत १५१२ शाके १३७७ चैत्र मासे शुक्ल पक्षे तिथौ रविवासरे जगतीपाल रजवार ले शंकर भारतीकृष्ण भट्ट  को रामचंद्र भट्ट की सर्व भूमि जामनी कीती
  According to Garh-Raj Vanshavali, Jagatipal was three generations before King Ajaypal (around1500). The three kings ruled on Garhwal from Jagatipal to Vatsraj for 45 years.
 Most probably, Shridhar ruled after Vatsraj as the name of Shridhar is with Vatsraj in Gopeshwar inscription.
  There is no evidence that Jagatipal had relation with Vatsraj. If Jagatipal did not belong to Vatsraj then question arises about family tree of Jagatipal.

                Many Theories on Arise of Panwar or Garhwal Kingdom



              There many theories on emergence of Garhwal kingdom ruled by Panwar dynasty kings the heirs of Jagatpal or Jagatipal. Panwar or Shah Kings ruled Garhwal till 1804 and then rule Tehri from 1804 till 1947. There is no mention of Panwar caste that those Shah kings were Panwar.
         Relationship of Bahruj with Shah or Garhwal Kings
 The biography of Timur mentions Bahruj in Persian. That name suggests that the ral name of King Bahruj was Brahmadatt. Hardwick mentions the founder of Garhwal Kingdom or Shah Kingdom as Bhogdatt. Bhogdatt and Brahmadatt has some similarity. This theory suggests that Brahmdatt was founder of Garhwal Kingdom and Bahruj was after twenty five years of Brahmadatt. However, no evidence is there that the predecessor of Bahruj was founder of Garhwal Kingdom. 



Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 3/4//2014
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -308 

                                      References

1-Dr. Shiv Prasad Dabral, 1971, Uttarakhand ka Itihas Bhag-4, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda, Pauri Garhwal, India 
2-Harikrishna Raturi, Garhwal ka Itihas
3-Dr. Patiram, Garhwal Ancient and Modern
4-Rahul Sankrityayan, Garhwal
5- Oakley and Gairola, Himalayan Folklore
6- Bhakt Darshan, Garhwal ki Divangit Vibhutiyan
7-Foster, Early Travels in India William Finch
8-Upadhyaya, Shri Shankaracharya
9-Shering, Western Tibet and British
10-H.G. Walton, Gazetteer of British Garhwal
11-B.P.Kamboj, Early Wall Paintings of Garhwal
12-H.g Walton, Gazetteer of Dehradun
13- Vimal Chandra, Prachin Bharat ka Itihas
14-Meera Seth, Wall Paintings of Western Himalayas 
15-Furar, Monumental Antiquities
16-Haudiwala, Studies in Indo-Muslim History
17- Rahul Khari 2007, Jats and Gujjar Origin, History and Culture
18- Upendra Singh, 2006, Delhi: Ancient History, Barghahan Books
19- B.S. Dahiya, 1980, Jats the Ancient Rulers (A Clan Study) , Sterling Publications
20- Maithani, Bharat –Gotrapravardeepika
21 Prem Hari Har Lal, 1993, The Doon Valley Down the Ages
22-Dashrath Sharma, Early Chauhan Dynasties
23- Shailndra Nath Sen, Ancient History and Civilization
24-H.M Elliot, 1867, The History of India as told by its Own Historians
25- Jaswant Lal Mehta, 1979, Advance Study in Medieval India
26- Nau Nihal Singh, 2003, The Royal Gurjars: their contribution to India, Anmol Publications 
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter    
Notes on  South Asian Medieval History of Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Pauri Garhwal;  Medieval History of Chamoli Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Rudraprayag Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Tehri Garhwal;  Medieval History of Uttarkashi Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Dehradun, Garhwal;  Medieval History of Haridwar ;  South Asian Medieval History of Manglaur, Haridwar;  South Asian Medieval History of Rurkee Haridwar ;  South Asian Medieval History of Bahadarpur Haridwar ; South Asian History of Haridwar district to be continued
X x
History of Origin of Panwar Dynasty Rule in Garhwal; History of Origin of Panwar Dynasty Rule in Pauri Garhwal; History of Origin of Panwar Dynasty Rule in Chamoli Garhwal; History of Origin of Panwar Dynasty Rule in Rudraprayag Garhwal; History of Origin of Panwar Dynasty Rule in Tehri Garhwal; History of Origin of Panwar Dynasty Rule in Uttarkashi Garhwal; History of Origin of Panwar Dynasty Rule in Dehradun Garhwal; History of Origin of Panwar Dynasty Rule in Bhabhar Garhwal; History of Origin of Panwar Dynasty Rule in Haridwar Garhwal; 


Bhishma Kukreti

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Were Panwar/Shah Garhwal Kings Katyuri? A History Review

History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -63     
   
 History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -308 

                       By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)

           Another historical theory about origin of Shah or Panwar dynasty Kingdom is that Garhwal Kings (Shah or Panwar) were descendants of Katyuri who ruled on old Garhwal.
                      Ashokchalla and Krachalla defeated Katyuri of Vaijnath.  Regional Katyuri Kings had to become regional commanders of Ashokchalla and Krachalla. After weakening of successors of Krachalla, regional chieftains under Challa kings became free and declared independent rules in Kumaon.  Most of those regional chieftains were Katyuri.
            There is mention of a King Shalivahan (due to Shaka blood?) in Katyuri King hereditary records. Three hereditary records of Panwar Kingdom, mention the name Shalivahan. Due to mention of Shalivahan in all the three Panwar King family trees, it is suggested that Panwar or Shah Garhwal Kings were descendants of Katyuri.
    In Devprayag inscriptions, there is mention of Jagatipal Rajwar King. In Katyuri, Rajwar title was for Askot Katyuri rulers. Rajwar means prince (Doti Katyuri were called Maharaja). No other King family tree mentions Rajwar title in Uttarakhand. That also suggests that a Katyuri prince of Askot established Panwar or Shah dynasty Kingdom in Garhwal.
  Folklore about Jagdev Panwar describes Jagdev Panwar as Katyuri King. It might be that Jaysingh Dev of Katyuri family was Jagdev Panwar. Jagdev or Jaisingh Dev Katyuri moght have won the Neeti valley and Pindar valley of Garhwal.

Was Jagdev Panwar Founder King of Panwar Dynasty Garhwal Kingdom?


   The Uttarakhand cultural historian Dinesh Baluni states that the first Panwar king of Panwar dynasty was Kankpal who was crowned for Chandpur Gadhi in 888AD. He states that the folk story of Jagdev is before Kanakpal.

 

          However, this author found three other folk stories related to name Jagdev Panwar of Dhara and surprisingly, there are similarities among all folk stories of Jagdev Pnawar –that is Garhwali version folklore of Jagdev, Akhnoor or Dhara Nagri folklore of Jagdev Panwar, Dhara Nagri folk sayings by Bhat and Pahasnu (Rampur Pargana of Saharanpur district) folklore of Jagdev Panwar. There is no historical proof available for all four (including Garhwali) folklore about Jagdev Panwar.
                       Jagdev Panwar who founded Panwar dynasty in Akhnoor kingdom
King Udayaditya (Vikramiditya clan) of Malwa, Dhar had two wives. The valerian Jagdev was son from Solankin queen. The other queen Baghelin did not want that Jagdev become crown prince and she arranged conspiracy. Jagdev and his wife had to leave the court.  Jaisingh was the competent general of Udayditya.
  Jagdev did deep mediation for Jagdamba (Mahakali). Goddess Kankali asked the head of Jagdev from his wife. The head of Jagdev was given to Kankali. Kankali took head to heaven and showed the sacrifice to devtas. Later, Kalinka joined head with Jagdev body made Jagdev live.
  Later on due to dispute Jagdev migrated to Himalayan belt at Akhnoor, Jammu and Kashmir.  Jagdev Panwar established his kingdom at Virat Nagri (2 -3 kilometers away from Akhnoor) in 1096 AD. Jagdev was devotee of Amba goddess and after the death of Jagdev, the name of Wrat Nagri was changed as Ambaraian.
                              Folklore sung by Bhats of Dhara Nagri
There is another saying that Jagdev Panwar cut his head for seven times and offered to goddess on Sunday 1095AD.The said Dhar folklore by Bhat says-
इग्यारा सौ इकाणवे चैत  सुदी रविवार।
जगदेव शीस समापियो धारा नगर पवार।।
There is mention of Jaisingh Chaukyal who married his daughter to Jagdev (from wikimapedia.org<india<Madhyapradesh ).
                           Khuber Folklore of Pahasnu, Saharanpur about Jagdev Panwar
  G.G. Raheja tells the folk stories of Jagdev Panwar from village Pahansu of Saharanpur district. The king Jaisal was greatest king and King Jagdev Panwar was smaller king. Every day, the wife of Bhat used to come for dan (donation or gift) to Jaisal court. One day she came when Jagdev Panwar was also sitting in court of Jagdev. Bhat woman told to Jaisal that Jagdev Panwar was greater donor (dan data). Jaisal told to Bhat woman and asked to go Jagdev Panwar house to collect donation (dan) and he (Jaisal) would offer ten times more donation (dan) than Jagdev Panwar.
  Jagdev Panwar told the story of court to his wife. The wife was worried as Jagdev Panwar was smaller king and smaller by wealth too. Jagdev told his wife that Panwar fellow would never be defeated in ‘dan’(donation) too.
In morning, Jagdev took bath and became ready to offer donation (dan) to Bhat woman. When Bhat woman came, Jagdev Panwar cut his head and offered his head to Bhat woman as ‘dan’(donation). Bhat woman went to jaisal court and when Jaisal king came to know that Jagdev offered his head as ‘dan’, the king Jaisal accepted defeat.
The Bhat woman returned to house of Jagdev Panwar with his head and she returned back the head of Jagdev Panwar to his wife. The queen then joined the head of Jagdev Panwar to his body and prayed Go Bhagwan, “Give my husband the gift of life.” Bhagwan made Jagdev Panwar live.

                   Garhwali – Kumaoni version of Jagdev Panwar Folklore
  The Garhwali Jagar version of Jagdev Jagar starts from the conference of deities. The portion of Jagdev Panwar Jagar is as follows-

         कुमाऊं और गढ़वाल की लोक गाथाएँ   
 
जगदेव पंवार जागर : भडौ , कटकू या पांवड़ा
(सन्दर्भ: डा हरी दत्त भट्ट 'शैलेश', गढ़वाली भाषा और उसका साहित्य ) 
 
पंच देवों  की सभा लगीं छई
शिवजी ध्यान मा छा,देवी छई पार्वती
सभा का मुकुट तिरलोकी नारैण
तब इन बैन बोल्दा
क्वी दुनिया मा इनो वीर भी होलो
जो शीश काटिक दान देलो
जैन शीश को दान दीण
वैन गढ़वाल को राज लीण
वरवी बैठीं छई चंचु भाट की बेटी कैड़ी कंकाली
तब बोल्दा भगवान हे कैड़ी कंकाली
दुनिया को तौल दु , पृथ्वी भाऊ
क्वी दुनिया मा शीश काटीक दान भी देलो
तू रंदी कंकाली मृत्यु मंडल मा
मै ल्यूलो भगवान पृथ्वी को भेद
तब कैड़ी कंकाली मृत्यु मंडल औंदी
वै मलासीगढ़ में रंद छयो वींको बाबा चंचु  भाट   
कैड़ी कंकाली छै मलासीगढ़ की प्यारी
मन की मयाळी छै वा कैड़ी कंकाली
xxx            xxx 
तब चौहानी राणी न करदी वींको
दियुं दान नी लियेंदु , थुक्युं थूक नि चटेंदू
तब देवतोंन वीं धड पर ही हैंकु सर उपजाए
सेता -पिंगला चौंळ मारिन
जीतो होई गये जगदेव पंवार
देवतौन तब वे गढ़वाल को राज दिने
वचन चले दिल राई , जयसिंह सभाई
वचन रहा जगदेव पंवार का जिसने
सर काट कंकाली को दिया
गढ़वाल देश को राज लिया   
           There is deity conference and was attended by lord Shiva and goddess Parvati. In the deity conference, Narayan announced that who would offer he would be given Garhwal kingdom.
          Goddess Kalika devi  (Kankali) became responsible to find such person who would offer his own head. In the form of beggar Kalika went to Dhara Nagari where two brothers Jaidev and Jagdev lived.
          Seeing the beggar Kalika, Jaidev went away for hunting as he was very miser.  Second brother Jagdev invited Kalika for ‘dan’. Jagdev asked his wives about what they were offering to beggar. All queens except Chauhani queen became ready to offer food and money. Chauhani was ready to offer her head.
              Chauhani queen became ready in male dress and stood before her husband Jagdev Panwar and told him that she would sacrifice her life. Jagdev Panwar became enthusiastic. Jagdev Panwar took his golden sword and cut his head.
   Kalika put the head of Jagdev Panwar in her Kamandal (jug) and went to deity land (heaven). Looking at the head of jagdev, Narayan became pleased. All deities came to Dhara Nagari with the head of Jagdev. Deities joined the head of Jagdev. Chauhani queen refused to take back the donated head. Deities created new head and joined it to body. Deities performed Mantra ritual and Jagdev became alive. Deities offered Jagdev the land of Garhwal for ruling. Jagdev Panwar ruled Garhwal happily. 

  However, historians have doubt about Jagdev as founder of Garhwal Kingdom.

*** Two following references are also important for this write up and that are-
1-Gloria Goodwin Raheja, 1988, The Poison in the Gift: Ritual, Prestation and the Dominant caste in North Indian Village, The University of Chicago Press (pages 21-24)
2-Jagdeva,en.wikipedia.or/wiki/jagdev



Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 4/4//2014
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -309 

                                      References

1-Dr. Shiv Prasad Dabral, 1971, Uttarakhand ka Itihas Bhag-4, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda, Pauri Garhwal, India 
2-Harikrishna Raturi, Garhwal ka Itihas
3-Dr. Patiram, Garhwal Ancient and Modern
4-Rahul Sankrityayan, Garhwal
5- Oakley and Gairola, Himalayan Folklore
6- Bhakt Darshan, Garhwal ki Divangit Vibhutiyan
7-Foster, Early Travels in India William Finch
8-Upadhyaya, Shri Shankaracharya
9-Shering, Western Tibet and British
10-H.G. Walton, Gazetteer of British Garhwal
11-B.P.Kamboj, Early Wall Paintings of Garhwal
12-H.g Walton, Gazetteer of Dehradun
13- Vimal Chandra, Prachin Bharat ka Itihas
14-Meera Seth, Wall Paintings of Western Himalayas 
15-Furar, Monumental Antiquities
16-Haudiwala, Studies in Indo-Muslim History
17- Rahul Khari 2007, Jats and Gujjar Origin, History and Culture
18- Upendra Singh, 2006, Delhi: Ancient History, Barghahan Books
19- B.S. Dahiya, 1980, Jats the Ancient Rulers (A Clan Study) , Sterling Publications
20- Maithani, Bharat –Gotrapravardeepika
21 Prem Hari Har Lal, 1993, The Doon Valley Down the Ages
22-Dashrath Sharma, Early Chauhan Dynasties
23- Shailndra Nath Sen, Ancient History and Civilization
24-H.M Elliot, 1867, The History of India as told by its Own Historians
25- Jaswant Lal Mehta, 1979, Advance Study in Medieval India
26- Nau Nihal Singh, 2003, The Royal Gurjars: their contribution to India, Anmol Publications 
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter    
Notes on  South Asian Medieval History of Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Pauri Garhwal;  Medieval History of Chamoli Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Rudraprayag Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Tehri Garhwal;  Medieval History of Uttarkashi Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Dehradun, Garhwal;  Medieval History of Haridwar ;  South Asian Medieval History of Manglaur, Haridwar;  South Asian Medieval History of Rurkee Haridwar ;  South Asian Medieval History of Bahadarpur Haridwar ; South Asian History of Haridwar district to be continued
Xx
Were Panwar/Shah Garhwal Kings Katyuri? A History Review; Were Panwar/Shah Garhwal Kings Katyuri? A History Review of Pauri Garhwal; Were Panwar/Shah Garhwal Kings Katyuri? A History Review of Chamoli Garhwal; Were Panwar/Shah Garhwal Kings Katyuri? A History Review of Rudraprayag Garhwal; Were Panwar/Shah Garhwal Kings Katyuri? A History Review of Tehri Garhwal; Were Panwar/Shah Garhwal Kings Katyuri? A History Review of Uttarkashi Garhwal; Were Panwar/Shah Garhwal Kings Katyuri? A History Review of Dehradun Garhwal; Were Panwar/Shah Garhwal Kings Katyuri? A History Review of Haridwar Garhwal;


Bhishma Kukreti

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Garhwal Kings Shahs were not Panwar: A History review of Garhwal 

History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -64     
   
 History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -309 

                       By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)

            Garhwal means after fifty two or more Garhi were captured by Ajaypal.
               Garhwal Kings or Shah Kings were not Panwar. There is no mention of ‘Panwar’ in inscriptions of Jagatpal, Sahajpal, Manshah etc.
  The write up of 1644 written about Mathura Baurani , thereis no mention of Prithwishah as Panwar.
             The Charankavya (praising poetry) Manodaya does not state Panwar for Ajaypal, Sahajpal, Manshah. Manodaya long poetry states that Ajaypal etc were Chandravanshi but does not mention they were Panwar. Bhushan, Matiram, Ratandev  and other poets did not call Garhwal Kings as Panwar dynasty Kings.
  Perhaps Garhwal Kings were connected to Panwar family around first quarter of nineteenth century.
 Maularam (1804) mentioned that the first Garhwal King was Panwar of Dharanagari. It is mentioned that a Panwar farmer from Dharangari came to Haridwar and he was busy for farming for many years. He founded Garhwal Kingdom.
   Sudarshan Shah was first Garhwal King to add him as Panwar (1828)
There are no strong supports for Bhogdatt or Bhaunpal Panwar founding Garhwal Kingdom. There is no evidence that Kanakpal was Panwar.

                     Garhwal Kings were Chandravanshi

  The oldest written record about Garhwal Kings is Manodaya Kavya created by Bharat Kavi a court poet of Manshah (1665). Bharat Kavi described the founder Kings Ajyapal, Sahajpal, Manshah as Chandravanshi Kings.
 The initial capital of Garhwal Kings was Chaundgarh/Chandgarh or Chandpur that supports Garhwal kings being Chandravanshi.
 Raturi provided a couple of evidences for Garhwal Kings as Chandravanshi Kings.




Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 5/4//2014
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -310 

                                      References

1-Dr. Shiv Prasad Dabral, 1971, Uttarakhand ka Itihas Bhag-4, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda, Pauri Garhwal, India 
2-Harikrishna Raturi, Garhwal ka Itihas
3-Dr. Patiram, Garhwal Ancient and Modern
4-Rahul Sankrityayan, Garhwal
5- Oakley and Gairola, Himalayan Folklore
6- Bhakt Darshan, Garhwal ki Divangit Vibhutiyan
7-Foster, Early Travels in India William Finch
8-Upadhyaya, Shri Shankaracharya
9-Shering, Western Tibet and British
10-H.G. Walton, Gazetteer of British Garhwal
11-B.P.Kamboj, Early Wall Paintings of Garhwal
12-H.g Walton, Gazetteer of Dehradun
13- Vimal Chandra, Prachin Bharat ka Itihas
14-Meera Seth, Wall Paintings of Western Himalayas 
15-Furar, Monumental Antiquities
16-Haudiwala, Studies in Indo-Muslim History
17- Rahul Khari 2007, Jats and Gujjar Origin, History and Culture
18- Upendra Singh, 2006, Delhi: Ancient History, Barghahan Books
19- B.S. Dahiya, 1980, Jats the Ancient Rulers (A Clan Study) , Sterling Publications
20- Maithani, Bharat –Gotrapravardeepika
21 Prem Hari Har Lal, 1993, The Doon Valley Down the Ages
22-Dashrath Sharma, Early Chauhan Dynasties
23- Shailndra Nath Sen, Ancient History and Civilization
24-H.M Elliot, 1867, The History of India as told by its Own Historians
25- Jaswant Lal Mehta, 1979, Advance Study in Medieval India
26- Nau Nihal Singh, 2003, The Royal Gurjars: their contribution to India, Anmol Publications 
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter    
Notes on South Asian Medieval History of Garhwal;  SouthAsian Medieval History of Pauri Garhwal;  Medieval History of Chamoli Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Rudraprayag Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Tehri Garhwal;  Medieval History of Uttarkashi Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Dehradun, Garhwal;  Medieval History of Haridwar ;  South Asian Medieval History of Manglaur, Haridwar;  South Asian Medieval History of Rurkee Haridwar ;  South Asian Medieval History of Bahadarpur Haridwar ; South Asian History of Haridwar district to be continued
Xx
Garhwal Kings Shahs were not Panwar:  History review of Garhwal; Garhwal Kings Shahs were not Panwar:  History review of Pauri Garhwal; Garhwal Kings Shahs were not Panwar:  History review of Chamoli Garhwal; Garhwal Kings Shahs were not Panwar:  History review of Rudraprayag Garhwal; Garhwal Kings Shahs were not Panwar:  History review of Tehri Garhwal; Garhwal Kings Shahs were not Panwar:  History review of Uttarkashi Garhwal; Garhwal Kings Shahs were not Panwar:  History review of Dehradun Garhwal; Garhwal Kings Shahs were not Panwar:  History review of Haridwar Garhwal; 
 

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Folklores about Founding Kings of Garhwal Kingdom: A History Review

History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -65     
   
 History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -310 

                       By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)

                     No Records for Founding Kings of Garhwal Kingdom

             There are no historical records of founding kings for Garhwal Kingdom. No record is available on which background the King founded Garh Raj after winning various Garh chieftains. 
       There are a couple of folklores about Founding Kings of Garhwal Kingdom and people believed on those folklores. There are books available for those folklores but no historical records are there to proof those folklores.

                     Folklore of Bhogdatt

               Captain Hardwick travelled Shrinagar Garhwal (1796) and met King Pradyuman Shah the Shrinagar Garhwal King. Pradyuman Shah informed folklore about Garhwal Kingdom founding Kings.
   Bhogdatt and his brother Sejdatt came from Gujarat to Parvtiy Pradesh (Shrinagar). Bhogdatt started working with Chandpur King Court and got a trustworthy position.
          Bhogdatt saw a dream. In dream, a Jogi (Eremite) said to Bhogdatt to capture the Chandpur Kingdom from the King. Taking order from Jogi, Bhogdatt displaced Chandpur King from Chandpur Garh. Slowly, Bhogdatt captured many Garhis (small Kingdoms) and capture big zone.
   After 900 years of Bhogdatt, Ajaypal was fifteenth King who established Shrinagar as his capital. Pradyumnshah was seventeen third generation after Bhogdatt.


** Hardwick, Narrative of a Journey to Shrinagar, Asiatic Researches
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 6/4//2014
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -311 
   
                                      References

1-Dr. Shiv Prasad Dabral, 1971, Uttarakhand ka Itihas Bhag-4, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda, Pauri Garhwal, India 
2-Harikrishna Raturi, Garhwal ka Itihas
3-Dr. Patiram, Garhwal Ancient and Modern
4-Rahul Sankrityayan, Garhwal
5- Oakley and Gairola, Himalayan Folklore
6- Bhakt Darshan, Garhwal ki Divangit Vibhutiyan
7-Foster, Early Travels in India William Finch
8-Upadhyaya, Shri Shankaracharya
9-Shering, Western Tibet and British
10-H.G. Walton, Gazetteer of British Garhwal
11-B.P.Kamboj, Early Wall Paintings of Garhwal
12-H.g Walton, Gazetteer of Dehradun
13- Vimal Chandra, Prachin Bharat ka Itihas
14-Meera Seth, Wall Paintings of Western Himalayas 
15-Furar, Monumental Antiquities
16-Haudiwala, Studies in Indo-Muslim History
17- Rahul Khari 2007, Jats and Gujjar Origin, History and Culture
18- Upendra Singh, 2006, Delhi: Ancient History, Barghahan Books
19- B.S. Dahiya, 1980, Jats the Ancient Rulers (A Clan Study) , Sterling Publications
20- Maithani, Bharat –Gotrapravardeepika
21 Prem Hari Har Lal, 1993, The Doon Valley Down the Ages
22-Dashrath Sharma, Early Chauhan Dynasties
23- Shailndra Nath Sen, Ancient History and Civilization
24-H.M Elliot, 1867, The History of India as told by its Own Historians
25- Jaswant Lal Mehta, 1979, Advance Study in Medieval India
26- Nau Nihal Singh, 2003, The Royal Gurjars: their contribution to India, Anmol Publications 
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter    
Notes on South Asian Medieval History of Garhwal;  SouthAsian Medieval History of Pauri Garhwal;  Medieval History of Chamoli Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Rudraprayag Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Tehri Garhwal;  Medieval History of Uttarkashi Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Dehradun, Garhwal;  Medieval History of Haridwar ;  South Asian Medieval History of Manglaur, Haridwar;  South Asian Medieval History of Rurkee Haridwar ;  South Asian Medieval History of Bahadarpur Haridwar ; South Asian History of Haridwar district to be continued
Xx
Folklores about Founding Kings of Garhwal Kingdom: A History Review of Garhwal; Folklores about Founding Kings of Garhwal Kingdom: A History Review of Haridwar Garhwal; Folklores about Founding Kings of Garhwal Kingdom: A History Review of Saharanpur (Old Garhwal); Folklores about Founding Kings of Garhwal Kingdom: A History Review of Bijnor, Old Garhwal; Folklores about Founding Kings of Garhwal Kingdom: A History Review of Uttarkashi Garhwal; Folklores about Founding Kings of Garhwal Kingdom: A History Review of Tehri Garhwal; Folklores about Founding Kings of Garhwal Kingdom: A History Review of Dehradun, Garhwal; Folklores about Founding Kings of Garhwal Kingdom: A History Review of Pauri Garhwal; Folklores about Founding Kings of Garhwal Kingdom: A History Review of Rudraprayag Garhwal; Folklores about Founding Kings of Garhwal Kingdom: A History Review of Chamoli Garhwal;

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 Folklore about Founding King of Garhwal Bhaunapal: A History Review
 
History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -66     
   
 History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -311 

                       By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)
        According to another folklore about Founding Kings of Garhwal that was mentioned by Maularam in Gadhrajvanshkavya, Bhaunapal (Bhawanpal) was Founding King of Garhwal.
         Once, a farmer came to Haridwar from Dharanagari. From Haridwar, he reached to Gadhwar (Garhwal) and started farming there in a village. Bhauna was his son.
   Once, there was famine. Bhauna met Satnath Jogi in the forest. Satnath did not get food for many days. Satnath asked for food from Bhauna. Bhauna offered two Roti (bread) to Satnath. However, two bread could not satisfy the hunger of Satnath. Satnath asked more bread. Bhauna took Jogi to his house. Mother of Bhauna offered him fifty two numbers of bread but Satnath was not satisfied. Mother of Bhauna told that her store is now empty.
        Satnath filled the store with grains. Satnath blessed that Bhauna or Bhawanpal would be King and his fifty two generations would rule with peace.
 Bhawanpal reorganized fifty two Garhis and started ruling Garhwal. First time, around last decade of eighteenth century, anybody mentioned the founder member of Garhwal Kingdom as Panwar clan. There is no mention in folklore that the farmer who came from Dharanagari had any relation with Dharanagari King. There is no mention about whose Kingdom, Bhawanpal captured.



Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 7/4//2014
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -312 
   
                                      References

1-Dr. Shiv Prasad Dabral, 1971, Uttarakhand ka Itihas Bhag-4, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda, Pauri Garhwal, India 
2-Harikrishna Raturi, Garhwal ka Itihas
3-Dr. Patiram, Garhwal Ancient and Modern
4-Rahul Sankrityayan, Garhwal
5- Oakley and Gairola, Himalayan Folklore
6- Bhakt Darshan, Garhwal ki Divangit Vibhutiyan
7-Foster, Early Travels in India William Finch
8-Upadhyaya, Shri Shankaracharya
9-Shering, Western Tibet and British
10-H.G. Walton, Gazetteer of British Garhwal
11-B.P.Kamboj, Early Wall Paintings of Garhwal
12-H.g Walton, Gazetteer of Dehradun
13- Vimal Chandra, Prachin Bharat ka Itihas
14-Meera Seth, Wall Paintings of Western Himalayas 
15-Furar, Monumental Antiquities
16-Haudiwala, Studies in Indo-Muslim History
17- Rahul Khari 2007, Jats and Gujjar Origin, History and Culture
18- Upendra Singh, 2006, Delhi: Ancient History, Barghahan Books
19- B.S. Dahiya, 1980, Jats the Ancient Rulers (A Clan Study) , Sterling Publications
20- Maithani, Bharat –Gotrapravardeepika
21 Prem Hari Har Lal, 1993, The Doon Valley Down the Ages
22-Dashrath Sharma, Early Chauhan Dynasties
23- Shailndra Nath Sen, Ancient History and Civilization
24-H.M Elliot, 1867, The History of India as told by its Own Historians
25- Jaswant Lal Mehta, 1979, Advance Study in Medieval India
26- Nau Nihal Singh, 2003, The Royal Gurjars: their contribution to India, Anmol Publications 
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter    
Notes on South Asian Medieval History of Garhwal;  SouthAsian Medieval History of Pauri Garhwal;  Medieval History of Chamoli Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Rudraprayag Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Tehri Garhwal;  Medieval History of Uttarkashi Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Dehradun, Garhwal;  Medieval History of Haridwar ;  South Asian Medieval History of Manglaur, Haridwar;  South Asian Medieval History of Rurkee Haridwar ;  South Asian Medieval History of Bahadarpur Haridwar ; South Asian History of Haridwar district to be continued
Xx
Folklore about Founding King of Garhwal Bhaunapal: A History Review of Garhwal; Folklore about Founding King of Garhwal Bhaunapal: A History Review of Haridwar Garhwal; Folklore about Founding King of Garhwal Bhaunapal: A History Review of Dehradun Garhwal; Folklore about Founding King of Garhwal Bhaunapal: A History Review of Pauri Garhwal; Folklore about Founding King of Garhwal Bhaunapal: A History Review of Chamoli Garhwal; Folklore about Founding King of Garhwal Bhaunapal: A History Review of Uttarkashi Garhwal; Folklore about Founding King of Garhwal Bhaunapal: A History Review of Tehri Garhwal; Folklore about Founding King of Garhwal Bhaunapal: A History Review of Rudraprayag Garhwal;


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Folklore about Founding King of Garhwal Kanakpal: A History Review
 
History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -67     
   
 History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -312 

                       By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)

            According to Bhogdatta and Bhanupal folklores, Bhogdatta came to Garhwal from Gujarat and Bhanupal came to Garhwal from Dharanagari.
            A new folklore emerged after forty fifty years Maularam’s writing (1849). According to that new folklore, King Kanakpal of Garhwal was from Gujarat and expired in 699. His seventeenth generation King was Anantpal whose capital was in Maluwakot, the twenty first generations King Vikrampal had capital in Ambulakot and twenty fourth generation King was Sonpal who had capital in Bhilang valley.

                                         King Sonpal

            According to newer folklore of 1849, Sonpal was a strong King. His rule was on whole of western part of Garhwal. Many Khas chieftains came under his rule. The road towards Gangotri was under the rule of Sonpal. A Portion of present Chandpur was also under Sonpal. 
 A person came to Garhwal from Panwar King Family of Dharanagar for pilgrim purpose. He met to Sonpal. Sonpal married his daughter with Panwar. Sonpal presented his son in law Panwar the territory of present Chandpur as gift.

                                               King   Kandilpal

 According to Atkinson, the name of Panwar prince who was married to Sonapal’s daughter was Kandilpal.  His name is just after Sonpal in the list made by Becket. Kandilpal did not expand his ruling territory.

*Read more about Founding Kings of Shrinagar Garhwal Kingdom in the next chapter.
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 8/4//2014
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -313 
   
                                      References

1-Dr. Shiv Prasad Dabral, 1971, Uttarakhand ka Itihas Bhag-4, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda, Pauri Garhwal, India 
2-Harikrishna Raturi, Garhwal ka Itihas
3-Dr. Patiram, Garhwal Ancient and Modern
4-Rahul Sankrityayan, Garhwal
5- Oakley and Gairola, Himalayan Folklore
6- Bhakt Darshan, Garhwal ki Divangit Vibhutiyan
7-Foster, Early Travels in India William Finch
8-Upadhyaya, Shri Shankaracharya
9-Shering, Western Tibet and British
10-H.G. Walton, Gazetteer of British Garhwal
11-B.P.Kamboj, Early Wall Paintings of Garhwal
12-H.g Walton, Gazetteer of Dehradun
13- Vimal Chandra, Prachin Bharat ka Itihas
14-Meera Seth, Wall Paintings of Western Himalayas 
15-Furar, Monumental Antiquities
16-Haudiwala, Studies in Indo-Muslim History
17- Rahul Khari 2007, Jats and Gujjar Origin, History and Culture
18- Upendra Singh, 2006, Delhi: Ancient History, Barghahan Books
19- B.S. Dahiya, 1980, Jats the Ancient Rulers (A Clan Study) , Sterling Publications
20- Maithani, Bharat –Gotrapravardeepika
21 Prem Hari Har Lal, 1993, The Doon Valley Down the Ages
22-Dashrath Sharma, Early Chauhan Dynasties
23- Shailndra Nath Sen, Ancient History and Civilization
24-H.M Elliot, 1867, The History of India as told by its Own Historians
25- Jaswant Lal Mehta, 1979, Advance Study in Medieval India
26- Nau Nihal Singh, 2003, The Royal Gurjars: their contribution to India, Anmol Publications 
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter    
Notes on South Asian Medieval History of Garhwal;  SouthAsian Medieval History of Pauri Garhwal;  Medieval History of Chamoli Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Rudraprayag Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Tehri Garhwal;  Medieval History of Uttarkashi Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Dehradun, Garhwal;  Medieval History of Haridwar ;  South Asian Medieval History of Manglaur, Haridwar;  South Asian Medieval History of Rurkee Haridwar ;  South Asian Medieval History of Bahadarpur Haridwar ; South Asian History of Haridwar district to be continued
Xx
Folklore about Founding King of Garhwal Kanakpal: A History Review of Garhwal; Folklore about Founding King of Garhwal Kanakpal: A History Review of Uttarkashi Garhwal; Folklore about Founding King of Garhwal Kanakpal: A History Review of Tehri Garhwal; Folklore about Founding King of Garhwal Kanakpal: A History Review of Dehradun Garhwal; Folklore about Founding King of Garhwal Kanakpal: A History Review of Chamoli Garhwal; Folklore about Founding King of Garhwal Kanakpal: A History Review of Rudraprayag Garhwal; Folklore about Founding King of Garhwal Kanakpal: A History Review of Pauri Garhwal; Folklore about Founding King of Garhwal Kanakpal: A History Review of Haridwar Garhwal; Folklore about Founding King of Garhwal Kanakpal: A History Review of Saharanpur (Old Garhwal) ; Folklore about Founding King of Garhwal Kanakpal: A History Review of Bijnor (Old Garhwal);

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Views of Bahuguna, Dobhal, Nautiyal, Uniyal Caste Family Trees on Kanakpal as Garhwal King

History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -68     
   
 History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -313 

                       By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)

                                  Views of Uniyal
  Uniyal history (from Wikipedia) states that two cousin brothers Jaya Nand Ojha and Vijay Nand Jha came to Garhwal in 839 AD from Mithla state. Garhwal King Kanakpal offered them a Jagir in Uni and Jha became Uniyal.
 The above statement is totally based on Raturi’s book.

                    Views of Nautiyals
       The history of Garhwal up to 1500 AD is based on folklore or Raturi’s description. When this author started to find out more about Uniyal, Bahuguna, Nautiyal or Dimri from the learned persons of most these caste persons started telling me the theory of Raturi. That means people are least interested to find out their own history (Jatiya Itihas).
       However, Colonel B.K. Nautiyal tried to pen down the history of Nautiyal caste. As per B.K.Nautiyal, when Kanakpal became de-facto King of Garhwal in 888AD, he brought in a member ‘Raj-Purohit ‘or court priest family from Dhara-Nagari (Malwa near border of Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh) and installed them as Raj Purohit.
                However, B.K Nautiyal did not provide any historical or caste folklore to support the above history accounts (mostly written by Raturi). Neither the Nautiyal history offers any new theory about Kanakpal or other King.

                       Views of Dobhals

                Dobhal family tree (Dobhal Vanshavali) states that when Dobhal settled in Garhwal in 887 and Kanakpal was Garhwal King. This stamen is also taken from Raturi.
       Dobhal family tree states that Dobhal had been minister in Garhwal Kingdom court from 887 till 1805.

                       Views of Bahugunas

            There are many theories about the original place of from where Bahuguna came to Garhwal. However, Bahuguna Vanshavali also refers Kanakpal as Garhwal King who provided shelter to Achyutananad Bahuguna the first Bahuguna person who settled in Garhwal (823AD?).


*Read more about Founding Kings of Shrinagar Garhwal Kingdom in the next chapter. 

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 10/4//2014
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -314 
   
                                      References

1-Dr. Shiv Prasad Dabral, 1971, Uttarakhand ka Itihas Bhag-4, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda, Pauri Garhwal, India 
2-Harikrishna Raturi, Garhwal ka Itihas
3-Dr. Patiram, Garhwal Ancient and Modern
4-Rahul Sankrityayan, Garhwal
5- Oakley and Gairola, Himalayan Folklore
6- Bhakt Darshan, Garhwal ki Divangit Vibhutiyan
7-Foster, Early Travels in India William Finch
8-Upadhyaya, Shri Shankaracharya
9-Shering, Western Tibet and British
10-H.G. Walton, Gazetteer of British Garhwal
11-B.P.Kamboj, Early Wall Paintings of Garhwal
12-H.g Walton, Gazetteer of Dehradun
13- Vimal Chandra, Prachin Bharat ka Itihas
14-Meera Seth, Wall Paintings of Western Himalayas 
15-Furar, Monumental Antiquities
16-Haudiwala, Studies in Indo-Muslim History
17- Rahul Khari 2007, Jats and Gujjar Origin, History and Culture
18- Upendra Singh, 2006, Delhi: Ancient History, Barghahan Books
19- B.S. Dahiya, 1980, Jats the Ancient Rulers (A Clan Study) , Sterling Publications
20- Maithani, Bharat –Gotrapravardeepika
21 Prem Hari Har Lal, 1993, The Doon Valley Down the Ages
22-Dashrath Sharma, Early Chauhan Dynasties
23- Shailndra Nath Sen, Ancient History and Civilization
24-H.M Elliot, 1867, The History of India as told by its Own Historians
25- Jaswant Lal Mehta, 1979, Advance Study in Medieval India
26- Nau Nihal Singh, 2003, The Royal Gurjars: their contribution to India, Anmol Publications 
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter    
Notes on South Asian Medieval History of Garhwal;  SouthAsian Medieval History of Pauri Garhwal;  Medieval History of Chamoli Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Rudraprayag Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Tehri Garhwal;  Medieval History of Uttarkashi Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Dehradun, Garhwal;  Medieval History of Haridwar ;  South Asian Medieval History of Manglaur, Haridwar;  South Asian Medieval History of Rurkee Haridwar ;  South Asian Medieval History of Bahadarpur Haridwar ; South Asian History of Haridwar district to be continued

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Confusion on Founding Panwar Dynasty Garhwal King from Beckett’s List: A South Asian History Review

History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -69     
   
 History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -314 

                       By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)
          Beckett provided two Parmar or Panwar Garhwal King Lists together in a Government Garhwal Gazette.
1-The Kanakpal Dynasty Kings List – In this list it is mentioned that Kanakpal was migrated from Gujarat. The list contains names of twenty five Kings. This list presents that Kanakpal died in 699 and the last King died in 1159.
2-Kandilpal from Dharanagari –In this list, there are 35 Kings till Pradyumn Shah. This list offers that Kandilpal was son in law of Sonpal who died in 1159.
 Raturi and Patiram accepted both th e lists submitted b Assistant Commissioner Beckett .
The first confusion is that if Kandilpal is son in law of Sonpal then it is not possible to have father in law and son in law from same family tree.
 There are no evidences to proof the lists.
*Read more about Founding Kings of Shrinagar Garhwal Kingdom in the next chapter. 

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 11/4//2014
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -315 
   
                                      References

1-Dr. Shiv Prasad Dabral, 1971, Uttarakhand ka Itihas Bhag-4, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda, Pauri Garhwal, India 
2-Harikrishna Raturi, Garhwal ka Itihas
3-Dr. Patiram, Garhwal Ancient and Modern
4-Rahul Sankrityayan, Garhwal
5- Oakley and Gairola, Himalayan Folklore
6- Bhakt Darshan, Garhwal ki Divangit Vibhutiyan
7-Foster, Early Travels in India William Finch
8-Upadhyaya, Shri Shankaracharya
9-Shering, Western Tibet and British
10-H.G. Walton, Gazetteer of British Garhwal
11-B.P.Kamboj, Early Wall Paintings of Garhwal
12-H.g Walton, Gazetteer of Dehradun
13- Vimal Chandra, Prachin Bharat ka Itihas
14-Meera Seth, Wall Paintings of Western Himalayas 
15-Furar, Monumental Antiquities
16-Haudiwala, Studies in Indo-Muslim History
17- Rahul Khari 2007, Jats and Gujjar Origin, History and Culture
18- Upendra Singh, 2006, Delhi: Ancient History, Barghahan Books
19- B.S. Dahiya, 1980, Jats the Ancient Rulers (A Clan Study) , Sterling Publications
20- Maithani, Bharat –Gotrapravardeepika
21 Prem Hari Har Lal, 1993, The Doon Valley Down the Ages
22-Dashrath Sharma, Early Chauhan Dynasties
23- Shailndra Nath Sen, Ancient History and Civilization
24-H.M Elliot, 1867, The History of India as told by its Own Historians
25- Jaswant Lal Mehta, 1979, Advance Study in Medieval India
26- Nau Nihal Singh, 2003, The Royal Gurjars: their contribution to India, Anmol Publications 
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter    
Notes on South Asian Medieval History of Garhwal;  SouthAsian Medieval History of Pauri Garhwal;  Medieval History of Chamoli Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Rudraprayag Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Tehri Garhwal;  Medieval History of Uttarkashi Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Dehradun, Garhwal;  Medieval History of Haridwar ;  South Asian Medieval History of Manglaur, Haridwar;  South Asian Medieval History of Rurkee Haridwar ;  South Asian Medieval History of Bahadarpur Haridwar ; South Asian History of Haridwar district to be continued
Xx
Confusion on Founding Panwar Dynasty Garhwal King from Beckett’s List: A South Asian History of Garhwal Review; Confusion on Founding Panwar Dynasty Garhwal King from Beckett’s List: A South Asian History of Pauri Garhwal Review; Confusion on Founding Panwar Dynasty Garhwal King from Beckett’s List: A South Asian History of Chamoli Garhwal Review; Confusion on Founding Panwar Dynasty Garhwal King from Beckett’s List: A South Asian History of Rudraprayag Garhwal Review; Confusion on Founding Panwar Dynasty Garhwal King from Beckett’s List: A South Asian History of Tehri Garhwal Review; Confusion on Founding Panwar Dynasty Garhwal King from Beckett’s List: A South Asian History of Uttarkashi Garhwal Review; Confusion on Founding Panwar Dynasty Garhwal King from Beckett’s List: A South Asian History of Dehradun Garhwal Review; Confusion on Founding Panwar Dynasty Garhwal King from Beckett’s List: A South Asian History of Haridwar Garhwal Review;

Bhishma Kukreti

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 Folklore about Chandpur King Bhanupratap: Garhwal History Review

History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -70     
   
 History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -315 

                       By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)

      There is folklore about foundation of Garhwal King provided by historian Raturi. The folklore is without any source and any proof.
            The folklore states that strong King Bhanupratap was ruler of Chandpur Garhi. He had two daughters. He married one daughter to Kumaon King Rajpal and married second daughter to Panwar King Kanakpal.
  According to Raturi, Kanakpal was younger step brother of Vakpati the Dharanagari. Kankapl became disciple of a saint. He came to Haridwar in 887. From there, Kanakpla toured to Badrinath.
 Before that Chandpur King Bhanupratap saw a dream and Badrinath deity ordered him that Kanakpal had come to Haridwar. Badrinath deity told to Bhanupratap to marry his daughter with Kanakpal.
 Bhanupratap went to Haridwar and took Kanakpal to Badrinath temple. Bhanupratap married his daughter with Kanakpal.
                  However, in 1927, the Tehri Diwan Rai Bahadur Chakradhar Joshi had a correspondence with Dhara Riyasat authorities about relationship of Tehri King (Shah or Panwar) with Dahra Kingdom in context of Kanakpal. Dhar state authorities sent a reply in December for denying any relationship of Kanakpla with Dhara Kingdom. (Ajya S. Rawat,2002).

*Read more about Founding Kings of Shrinagar Garhwal Kingdom in the next chapter. 

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 12/4//2014
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -316 
   
                                      References

1-Dr. Shiv Prasad Dabral, 1971, Uttarakhand ka Itihas Bhag-4, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda, Pauri Garhwal, India 
2-Harikrishna Raturi, Garhwal ka Itihas
3-Dr. Patiram, Garhwal Ancient and Modern
4-Rahul Sankrityayan, Garhwal
5- Oakley and Gairola, Himalayan Folklore
6- Bhakt Darshan, Garhwal ki Divangit Vibhutiyan
7-Foster, Early Travels in India William Finch
8-Upadhyaya, Shri Shankaracharya
9-Shering, Western Tibet and British
10-H.G. Walton, Gazetteer of British Garhwal
11-B.P.Kamboj, Early Wall Paintings of Garhwal
12-H.g Walton, Gazetteer of Dehradun
13- Vimal Chandra, Prachin Bharat ka Itihas
14-Meera Seth, Wall Paintings of Western Himalayas 
15-Furar, Monumental Antiquities
16-Haudiwala, Studies in Indo-Muslim History
17- Rahul Khari 2007, Jats and Gujjar Origin, History and Culture
18- Upendra Singh, 2006, Delhi: Ancient History, Barghahan Books
19- B.S. Dahiya, 1980, Jats the Ancient Rulers (A Clan Study) , Sterling Publications
20- Maithani, Bharat –Gotrapravardeepika
21 Prem Hari Har Lal, 1993, The Doon Valley Down the Ages
22-Dashrath Sharma, Early Chauhan Dynasties
23- Shailndra Nath Sen, Ancient History and Civilization
24-H.M Elliot, 1867, The History of India as told by its Own Historians
25- Jaswant Lal Mehta, 1979, Advance Study in Medieval India
26- Nau Nihal Singh, 2003, The Royal Gurjars: their contribution to India, Anmol Publications 
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter    
Notes on South Asian Medieval History of Garhwal;  SouthAsian Medieval History of Pauri Garhwal;  Medieval History of Chamoli Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Rudraprayag Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Tehri Garhwal;  Medieval History of Uttarkashi Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Dehradun, Garhwal;  Medieval History of Haridwar ;  South Asian Medieval History of Manglaur, Haridwar;  South Asian Medieval History of Rurkee Haridwar ;  South Asian Medieval History of Bahadarpur Haridwar ; South Asian History of Haridwar district to be continued
Xx
Folklore about Bhanupratap: Garhwal History Review; Folklore about Bhanupratap: Lansdowne Garhwal History Review; Folklore about Bhanupratap: Pauri Garhwal History Review; Folklore about Bhanupratap: Chamoli Garhwal History Review; Folklore about Bhanupratap: Rudraprayag Garhwal History Review; Folklore about Bhanupratap: Tehri Garhwal History Review; Folklore about Bhanupratap: Uttarkashi Garhwal History Review; Folklore about Bhanupratap: Jaunsar Garhwal History Review; Folklore about Bhanupratap: Dehradun Garhwal History Review; Folklore about Bhanupratap: Haridwar, Garhwal History Review;

 

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