Uttarakhand > Uttarakhand History & Movements - उत्तराखण्ड का इतिहास एवं जन आन्दोलन
History of Gorkha Rules over Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh
Bhishma Kukreti:
Prithvi Narayan Shah Capturing Makwanpur and defeating Mir Kasim
History of Gorkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -10
History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -529
By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)
Makwanpur commanded the Sothern rout to Kathmandu. Gorkha King Prithvi Narayan Shah decided to conquer the territory. The father in law of Prtithvi Narayn was no more alive and his brother in law was ruling Makwanpur. Due to overpowering of Prithvi Narayan, Makwanpur King had treaty with Jay Prakash Mall. Knowing the alliance between jay Prakash Mall and Makwanpur King, Gorkha King Prithvi Narayan Shah sent his army led by Kahar Singh Basnyat, Bansraj Pande and Ramkrishna Kunwar to capture Makwanpur Kingdom. On 21st August 1762, Gorkha army defeated Makwanpur army within ten hours of fight. 100 Gorkhali and 400 Makwanpur soldiers were killed on that war.
After capturing Makwanpur Kingdom, Gorkha army attacked and invaded Hariharpur, Timalkot and Sindhulikot.
Gorkha army caught Makwanpur King Digbandan Sen on 13th February, 1763.
Gorkha killed relatives of King by Khukri and hung many other relatives of Makwanpur King. Brother of King fled and tok asylum under East India company.
Jay Prakash Mall took help from East India Company. Company sent troop to defeat Prithvi Narayan Shah but 120 Gorkha soldiers defeated East India army of 200 soldiers led by General Kinloch in 1767.
Prithvi Narayn Shah had economic blockade period in the valley. Prithvi Narayan Shah cut the supply to the valley. Prithvi Narayan Shah used to provide death penalty to those who used to supply salt and cotton to valley.
Defeat of Mir Kasim
Afraid of Prithvi Narayan Shah, Kanak Singh the King of neighboring territory sent request to Mir Kasim the Nabab of Bengal. Mir Kasim sent army and guns led by army chief Gurgin Khan to help Kanak Singh. Gurgin Khan attacked on Makwanpur. However, Gorkha soldiers defeated Mir Kasim army and killed Kasim force brutally.
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 4/1/2015
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -530
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX
Reference
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021
XX
History of Gorkha Rule over Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule over Dehradun Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule over Uttarkashi Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Nainital, Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule over Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Almora, Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Bageshwar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule over Chamoli Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Champawat, Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule over Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Himachal Pradesh;
स्वच्छ भारत ! स्वच्छ भारत ! बुद्धिमान भारत
Bhishma Kukreti:
Gorkha King Prithvi Narayan Shah Winning Kirtipur and Defeating East India Company
History of Gorkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -11
History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -530
By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)
Gorkha King Prithvi Narayan Shah Winning Kirtipur
Gorkha King Prithvi Narayan Shah captured Dhulikhet, Chaukot, Panauti, Khangyur and Benapa. Afraid from Gorkha King Prithvi Narayan Shah, collectively the Kings of Lumjung and Chaubisi attacked on Gorkha King Prithvi Narayan Shah in 1763. However Gorkha King Prithvi Narayan Shah defeated them and they ran away from battlefield. In 1761, Sur Pratap the brother of Gorkha King Prithvi Narayan Shah attacked on Kirtipur. This was second attack of Gorkha on Kirtipur.
Kirtipur army fought bravely and defeated Gorkha Army. Kirtipur soldier threw an arrow on Sur Pratap Shah and he lost his eye. Gorkha army returned back.
Gorkha King Prithvi Narayan Shah was in rage. He surrounded Kirtipur from all side and stopped food and other supply for Kirtipur. Army of Gorkha King Prithvi Narayan Shah entered into Kirtipur fort. The Gorkha King Prithvi Narayan Shah army assured the Kirtipur people to surrender and there won’t be any harm to them. People surrendered before Gorkha army.
However, cruel Gorkha King Prithvi Narayan Shah sent message to his brother Surupratna to cut the nose and lips of all people barring children. Gorkha army cut the nose and lips of people with force. He also ordered that cut nose and lips should be preserved that he would see those in his visit to Kirtipur.
Gorkha army cut nose and lips of Kirtipur people. Many people did suicide as they could not bear the shame of nose-lessness and lip-lessness.
Christian Missionary Father Michel requested to stop the inhuman deeds but Gorkha army was bent to cut nose and lips of people. It was said that the weight of cut nose and lips was 17 Dharni or 40.61 Kilograms.
Gorkha King Prithvi Narayan Shah defeating east India Army
After winning Nuvakot and Makwanpur, Gorkha King Prithvi Narayan Shah blocked the channel of trade of East India Company with Nepal region and Tibet. Nepal region used to export rice (two lakh Man per year (one Man =40 Kg app)) , Grains, Ghee, oil seeds, leather, spices, copper, live stock and other materials. Indian goods as cotton and cotton dresses, suger, salt were exported to Nepal.
Indian traders and East India Company’s agents had stocking stores and houses in Nepal.
East India Company was interested to export goods from India to China and Tibet via Nepal.
Due to economic blockade by Prithvi Narayan Shah, Bhadgaon, Patan and Kathmandu experienced economic depression.
Kathmandu King Jay Prakash Mall was aware about Hills Kingdoms were not capable to help him, So, Mall sent his emissary to East India Company for help against Prithvi Narayan Shah in April 1767.
Gorkha King Prithvi Narayan Shah was keeping watch on Jay Prakash Mall. Prakash Narayan Shah sent a letter to east India Company. Jay Prakash Mall was ready to pay for the expenses of East India Company army. East India Company got Baksar under them in 1764. Gorkha army used to attack on Baksar and loot there.
On 30th April 1767, Company sent a warning letter to Gorkha King Prithvi Narayan Shah to lift the economic blockade on Kathmandu. Gorkha King Prithvi Narayan Shah did not care for East India Company.
Under the leadership of Captain Kinloch, East India Company sent army of 2800 soldiers to Nepal without judging the hill situation. Kinloch reached to Sindhuligadhi via Janakpuri. Kinloch marched ahead and his troop faced the problem of food supply on the way to Kathmandu. The soldiers had to live without proper food. In the mean time, rain season started. Many soldiers ran away. There was flood in the way. The Bridge of Bagmati River fled. The loaders also ran away from the troop. Kinloch started to return back to Baksar. Gorkha King Prithvi Narayan Shah army followed the East India Company Army till Tarai. Gorkha army killed East India Company soldiers. Out of 2800 soldiers, only 800 soldiers could return to Baksar.
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 6/1/2015
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -531
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX
Reference
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021
XX
History of Gorkha Rule over Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule over Dehradun Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule over Uttarkashi Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Nainital, Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule over Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Almora, Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Bageshwar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule over Chamoli Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Champawat, Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule over Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Himachal Pradesh;
स्वच्छ भारत ! स्वच्छ भारत ! बुद्धिमान भारत
Bhishma Kukreti:
Gorkha King Prithvi Narayan Shah capturing Kathmandu and Patan Kingdoms
History of Gorkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -12
History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -531
By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)
Gorkha King Prithvi Narayan Shah Encompassing Nepal Region
After Gorkha King Prithvi Narayan Shah defeating East India Company Army, more terror spread among other Nepal Kingdoms. However, it was not easy for Gorkha King Prithvi Narayan Shah to win over Nepal regions. Gorkha King Prithvi Narayan Shah encompassed the region with tight administration and tightened the economic blockade. Gorkha King Prithvi Narayan Shah his officers that if a human beings brings salt or cotton towards Nepal, the officer should kill the man and hang him on a tree. The officers obeyed the cruel order with vigor. Father Giuseppe saw hundreds of such dead people hung on tree.
However, the economic blockade did not favor Gorkha King Prithvi Narayan Shah drastically to win over Nepal Region. Then, Gorkha King Prithvi Narayan Shah followed deceptive methods by luring the officers of enemy Kingdoms.
Gorkha King Prithvi Narayan Shah Capturing Kathmandu Kingdom
Indra Yatra is still an important festival of Newaris of Nepal. Newari People used to celebrate Indra Yatra with feast, dance and drinking. On 25th September 1768 (Annt Chadurdashi), People of Kathmandu were busy in celebrating Indra Yatra by drinking, dancing, and singing. In Midnight, Gorkha King Prithvi Narayan Shah attacked suddenly on Kathmandu by three sides and reached to Festival place and sat on the Chair reserved for Kathmandu King Jay Prakash Mall. Gorkha King Prithvi Narayan Shah declared him as King of Kathmandu. Kathmandu people did not resist much.
Kathmandu King Jay Prakash Mall flee from Kathmandu and reached to Patan Kingdom, The Patan King Tejnar Singh was also from same blood line as Jay Prakash Mall. However, within a couple of days, jay Prakash Mall and Tejnar Singh had to take asylum in Badgaon Kingdom under Ranjit Mall. Those three Mall Kings were from same blood line but used to fight with each other. However, now, the situation was just against them.
Gorkha King Prithvi Narayan Shah Capturing Patan Kingdom
After winning Kathmandu, the army of Gorkha King Prithvi Narayan Shah attacked on Patan many times. At last, Gorkha King Prithvi Narayan Shah declared that if people would not surrender, army would cut nose and lips of people. People surrendered before Gorkha army. Gorkha King Prithvi Narayan Shah entered in Patan after three months. Gorkha army broke the locks of rich people and looted them. Hundreds of elite and rich people were killed to terrorize the subjects. Gorkha soldiers did inhumanly behavior with dead body too.
**Read More about Prithvi Narayan Shah in next Chapter …
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 7/1/2015
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -532
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX
Reference
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021
XX
History of Gorkha Rule over Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule over Dehradun Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule over Uttarkashi Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Nainital, Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule over Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Almora, Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Bageshwar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule over Chamoli Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Champawat, Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule over Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Himachal Pradesh;
स्वच्छ भारत ! स्वच्छ भारत ! बुद्धिमान भारत
Bhishma Kukreti:
Gorkha King Prithvi Narayan Shah Expelling Christian Missionary
History of Gorkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -133
History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -532
By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)
The first record of Christian Missionaries reaching Nepal dates back to 1628. Lakshmi Narayan Singh received Portuguese Jesuit Father Juan Cabral with grace. The Mall Kings of Kathmandu valley allowed missionaries to spread their religion in valley. The first Curch in Nepal was built in Kathmandu in 1715.
In 1703, six Capuchin Fathers from Rome travelled to Nepal. Only two could reach to Kathmandu and settled there. Mall Kings were favorable to Christian Missionaries.
Father Michael Angelo treated bother of Prithvi Narayan when he was injured in war. Missionaries requested East India Company to attack on Prithvi Narayan Shah.
After capturing Patan, Gorkha King Prithvi Narayan Shah expelled the Fathers and missionary supporters from Newar Region. Missonaries fathers and supporters went towards Betia on 1oth February 1769.
Gorkha King Prithvi Narayan Shah also expelled those who helped East India Company as Kashmiris, Gusain and Many fakirs.
It was not possible to win Prithvi Narayan Shah. Therefore, East India Company decided to have cordial relation with Prithvi Narayan Shah. East India Company sent its agent James Logan to Nepal for negotiation with Gorkha King. However, James was not successful to have treaty.
Now, Prithvi Narayan Shah started capturing small countries one by one. Those Kingdoms asked help from East India Company but East India Company did not help any Nepali Kingdom against Prithvi Narayan Shah.
**Read More about Prithvi Narayan Shah in next Chapter …
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 8/1/2015
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -533
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX
Reference
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021
XX
History of Gorkha Rule over Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule over Dehradun Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule over Uttarkashi Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Nainital, Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule over Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Almora, Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Bageshwar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule over Chamoli Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Champawat, Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule over Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Himachal Pradesh;
स्वच्छ भारत ! स्वच्छ भारत ! बुद्धिमान भारत
Bhishma Kukreti:
Gorkha King Prithvi Narayan Shah Capturing Bhadgaon, Saptkaushiki and Morang Kingdoms
History of Gorkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -14
History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -533
By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)
In November, 1771, Prithvi Narayan Shah attacked on Bhadgaon. The Mall Kings of Kathmandu, Patan and Bhadgaon were in Bhadgaon Fort. In his childhood, there were cordial relations of Prithvi Narayan Shah with Bhadgaon King Families. Gorkha King Prithvi Narayan Shah did assured seven sons of Bhadgaon King that they would be princes in future too. He assured them to take short time dependency and later on Bhadgaon would be free kingdom. Seven princes allowed Gorkha army for entering into Bhadgaon. There was war between Kathmandu King Jay Prakash Mall Army and Gorkha Army. Jay Prakash Mall got gun shot on his right thigh and got injured. Jay Prakash Mall died after some time.
Patan King was already in prison in Lakshmi Pur . Patan King died there after short period.
Gorkha King Prithvi Narayan Shah ordered Bhadgaon King Ranjit Mall to leave for Varanasi. Gorkha King Prithvi Narayan Shah deceived seven sons of Old Ranjit Mall. He cut nose of a few princes. When the blind mother of Bhadgaon King was forwarding for Varanasi with her widow granddaughter in law, soldiers of Gorkha King Prithvi Narayan Shah snatched jewelries of widow.
Chaubisi Campaign by Gorkha King Prithvi Narayan Shah
In 1770, after winning Nepal/Newar region, Gorkha King Prithvi Narayan Shah captured Rising, Dhiring and Bhirkot Kingdoms.
After capturing Garhu, Paiyun, Dhuwakot, Gorkha King Prithvi Narayan Shah made strategy to capture Lumjung. There was fight between Lumjung King and Gorkha Army. Gorkha army captured Lumjung Prince and was sent to Kathmandu. Now, the Chaubisi Kings were aware about the heat from Gorkha army. They fought collectively with Gorkha Army. Chaubisi’s collective army defeated Gorkha army. Chaubisi collective Army killed Gorkha General Kahar Singh Basnait and Minister Vanshraj Pande was captured. Gorkha King Prithvi Narayan Shah could not win over Kingdoms of Saptagandaki region or Chaubisi.
Capturing Saptkaushiki Region by Gorkha King Prithvi Narayan Shah
After defeat from Saptagandaki region, Gorkha King Prithvi Narayan Shah eyed towards east that is Kirat or Saptagandaki region. His army reached to the Aruni River Bank after winning Kirat villages. In 1773, Gorkha army won over Kirat army. At the same time, Gorkha King Prithvi Narayan Shah Army captured Chaudandi Kingdom. The Chaudandi King Karnsen ran to Vijpur Kingdom and took asylum there. The smallaer Kingdomsof between Arun and Tamur Rivers accepted rule of Gorkha. Now, the Gorkha Kingdom reached to Sikkim border.
Karnsen killed Morang King by deceptive method and captured Morang Kingdom. Now, Gorkha King Prithvi Narayan Shah captured Morang Kingdom. And handed over Morang administration to his General Abhiman Singh Basnait.
**Read More about Prithvi Narayan Shah in next Chapter …
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 9/1/2015
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -534
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX
Reference
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021
XX
History of Gorkha Rule over Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule over Dehradun Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule over Uttarkashi Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Nainital, Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule over Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Almora, Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Bageshwar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule over Chamoli Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Champawat, Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule over Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Himachal Pradesh;
स्वच्छ भारत ! स्वच्छ भारत ! बुद्धिमान भारत
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