Author Topic: History of Gorkha Rules over Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh  (Read 55069 times)

Bhishma Kukreti

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Re: History of Gorkha Rules over Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh
« Reply #100 on: April 29, 2015, 10:31:42 AM »

        Dehradun- Gangotri Highway in Gurkha/Gorkha Period
           Highways in Kumaon and Garhwal in Gurkha/Gorkha Period -3

History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Garhwal - 40
History of Gorkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -103   
   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -624
                          By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Student)

   The Dehra-Gangotri Highway was used for various transportation purposes in West and Central Garhwal.  Pilgrims used to participate in guru ram Rai Jhanda festival and then used to visit Gangotri. Businessmen, people, pilgrims, soldiers used to visit from Saharanpur to Gangotri though this highway.
 There were following stoppages in Dehra –Gangotri Highway (Moorcroft, Travels in Hindustan) -
Landhaur
Daral
Lalodithana
Dunda
Barahat
Maneri
Bhatwadi
Tiyara
Dangal
Sukhi
Daral
Bhaironghati
Gangotri
The people of Bhagirathi valley used to transport grains to Saharanpur, Punjab through Gangotri  -Dehra Highway and used to bring Salt , Gud though this same highway.

** Most of details were taken from Dr Dabral and Foster, A Journey from Bengal to England

* History of Highways in Gorkha /Nepal Period in Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal in next chapter …   

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 29/4//2015
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -625
*** History of Gorkha/Gurkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) to be continued in next chapter 

(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX
                    Reference

Atkinson E.T., 1884, 1886 , Gazetteer of  Himalayan Districts …
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021 
Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173
B. D. Pande, Kumaon ka Itihas
Sharma , Nepal ko Aitihasik Rup Rekha
Chaudhari , Anglo  –Nepalese Relations
Pande, Vasudha , Compares Histriographical Traditions of Gorkha Rule in Nepal and Kumaon
Pradhan , Kumar, 1991, The Gorkha Conquests , Oxford University  Press
Minyan Govrdhan Singh , History of Himachal Pradesh
A.P Coleman, 1999, A Special Corps
Captain Thomas Smith, 1852,Narrative of a Five Years Residence at Nepal Vol.1
Maula Ram/Mola Ram  , Ranbahadurchandrika and Garhrajvanshkavya
J B Fraser , Asiatic Research
Shyam Ganguli, Doon Rediscovered
Minyan Prem Singh, Guldast Tabarikh Koh Tihri Garhwal
Patiram Garhwal , Ancient and Modern
Tara Datt Gairola, Parvtiy Sanskriti

XXX
History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Garhwal, Kumaon, Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Sirmour Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Kangara Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Baghat Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Tehri Garhwal, Champawat Kumaon, Punar Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Uttarkashi Garhwal, Bageshwar Kumaon, Nahan Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Dehradun Garhwal, Pithoragarh Kumaon, History Himachal; 
Nepal Itihas, Garhwal Itihas, Kumaon Itihas, Himachal Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha ka Kumaon par  Adhikar Itihas , Gurkha/Gorkha Garhwal par Shasan Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Kumaon, Garhwal Uttarakhand; History Gurkha/Gorkha  Rule in Himachal,
Xx





Bhishma Kukreti

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Re: History of Gorkha Rules over Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh
« Reply #101 on: April 30, 2015, 10:21:21 AM »

     Pilgrim Highways in Garhwal, Kumaon in Gurkha /Gorkha Period
           Highways in Kumaon and Garhwal in Gurkha/Gorkha Period -4

History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Garhwal - 41
History of Gorkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -104   
   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -625
                          By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Student)

 There were many pilgrim roads in Garhwal.
  Haridwar to Shrinagar was a major Pilgrim Highway. There was road from Devprayag to Gangotri and Yamunotri. It was belief that it was the best to visit Badrinath after visits to Yamunotri, Gangotri and Kedarnath. However, the condition of roads was such bad that very few pilgrims could do so. Yamunotri road was the most difficult one. On Gangotri road, there was a Jhula /rope way bridge on Jadganga River at Bhaironghati. That bridge was in bad situation that people seldom used it. Due to ignoring Highway repairs by Gurkha administration, there was decline in Gangotri visits by pilgrims.
       Haridwar –Shrinagar Highway was also a commercial highway. Hastidal Chautariya once ordered to repair the highway. Domestic animals were used for transpiration on Haridwar- Shrinagar Highway but beyond Shrinagar, it was difficult for animals to walk on those roads to Kedarnath or Badrinath.
 There was a road from Joshimath to Neeti valley but that was also in bad condition. The Joshimath to Neeti Valley road was important for connection Tibet too. That road was used for Kailas Mansarovar Pilgrimage.
 Though those roads were also important for defense point of view, Gurkha never paid attention for maintain those road.

*** This chapter References –
Moorcroft, Travels in Hindustan Atkinson
 Trail, Sketches of Kumaon 
** Most of details were taken from Dr Dabral

* History of Highways in Gorkha /Nepal Period in Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal in next chapter …   

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 30/4//2015
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -626
*** History of Gorkha/Gurkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) to be continued in next chapter 

(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX
                    Reference

Atkinson E.T., 1884, 1886 , Gazetteer of  Himalayan Districts …
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021 
Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173
B. D. Pande, Kumaon ka Itihas
Sharma , Nepal ko Aitihasik Rup Rekha
Chaudhari , Anglo  –Nepalese Relations
Pande, Vasudha , Compares Histriographical Traditions of Gorkha Rule in Nepal and Kumaon
Pradhan , Kumar, 1991, The Gorkha Conquests , Oxford University  Press
Minyan Govrdhan Singh , History of Himachal Pradesh
A.P Coleman, 1999, A Special Corps
Captain Thomas Smith, 1852,Narrative of a Five Years Residence at Nepal Vol.1
Maula Ram/Mola Ram  , Ranbahadurchandrika and Garhrajvanshkavya
J B Fraser , Asiatic Research
Shyam Ganguli, Doon Rediscovered
Minyan Prem Singh, Guldast Tabarikh Koh Tihri Garhwal
Patiram Garhwal , Ancient and Modern
Tara Datt Gairola, Parvtiy Sanskriti

XXX
History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Garhwal, Kumaon, Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Sirmour Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Kangara Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Baghat Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Tehri Garhwal, Champawat Kumaon, Punar Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Uttarkashi Garhwal, Bageshwar Kumaon, Nahan Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Dehradun Garhwal, Pithoragarh Kumaon, History Himachal; 
Nepal Itihas, Garhwal Itihas, Kumaon Itihas, Himachal Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha ka Kumaon par  Adhikar Itihas , Gurkha/Gorkha Garhwal par Shasan Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Kumaon, Garhwal Uttarakhand; History Gurkha/Gorkha  Rule in Himachal,
Xx


Bhishma Kukreti

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Re: History of Gorkha Rules over Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh
« Reply #102 on: May 01, 2015, 09:24:19 AM »
 Almora-Shrinagar – Vilaspur Highway of Kumaon –Garhwal, Himachal in Gurkha Period
           Highways in Kumaon and Garhwal in Gurkha/Gorkha Period -5

History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Garhwal - 42
History of Gorkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -105   
   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -626
                          By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Student)

              Kathmandu was connected to Almora via a bridge on Kali River near Brahmdev Mandi. Kathmandu- Almora road was sued by soldiers. Later on the said road was connected to Shrinagar and Dehra or Gurudwara (Dehradun).  Gurkha used people without paying wages them for making Dehra Highway.  There were milestones erected on this road.
  The road was upto Khalanga (Nalapani) where there was Gadhi /Fort of Gurkha battalion.  From Khalanga the road was for Himachal by crossing Yamuna River. Kalsi was in between Himachal and Dehradun road. Gurkha soldiers used to go through this road from Kathmandu to Sutlej River in Himachal.  From Kalsi the road was up to Vilaspur via Nahan.
 There were many Tax Chauki and river ports on Dehradun –Himachal Road.
 The road was safe for Gurkha as the road was not in the East India Company Area. Since, Gurkha used to transfer soldiers from one territory to other territory after one year.there was always movement of soldiers and the people nearby villages were always afraidof Gurkha Soldiers. 

*** This chapter References –
Moorcroft, Travels in Hindustan Atkinson
 Trail, Sketches of Kumaon 
** Most of details were taken from Dr Dabral

* History of Highways in Gorkha /Nepal Period in Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal in next chapter …   

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 1/5//2015
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -627
*** History of Gorkha/Gurkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) to be continued in next chapter 

(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX
                    Reference

Atkinson E.T., 1884, 1886 , Gazetteer of  Himalayan Districts …
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021 
Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173
B. D. Pande, Kumaon ka Itihas
Sharma , Nepal ko Aitihasik Rup Rekha
Chaudhari , Anglo  –Nepalese Relations
Pande, Vasudha , Compares Histriographical Traditions of Gorkha Rule in Nepal and Kumaon
Pradhan , Kumar, 1991, The Gorkha Conquests , Oxford University  Press
Minyan Govrdhan Singh , History of Himachal Pradesh
A.P Coleman, 1999, A Special Corps
Captain Thomas Smith, 1852,Narrative of a Five Years Residence at Nepal Vol.1
Maula Ram/Mola Ram  , Ranbahadurchandrika and Garhrajvanshkavya
J B Fraser , Asiatic Research
Shyam Ganguli, Doon Rediscovered
Minyan Prem Singh, Guldast Tabarikh Koh Tihri Garhwal
Patiram Garhwal , Ancient and Modern
Tara Datt Gairola, Parvtiy Sanskriti

XXX
History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Garhwal, Kumaon, Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Sirmour Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Kangara Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Baghat Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Tehri Garhwal, Champawat Kumaon, Punar Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Uttarkashi Garhwal, Bageshwar Kumaon, Nahan Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Dehradun Garhwal, Pithoragarh Kumaon, History Himachal; 
Nepal Itihas, Garhwal Itihas, Kumaon Itihas, Himachal Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha ka Kumaon par  Adhikar Itihas , Gurkha/Gorkha Garhwal par Shasan Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Kumaon, Garhwal Uttarakhand; History Gurkha/Gorkha  Rule in Himachal,
Xx

History Highways in Uttarkashi Garhwal, Pithoragarh Kumaon in Gurkha Period; History Highways in Tehri Garhwal, Bageshwar Kumaon in r Gurkha Period; History Highways in Rudraprayag Garhwal, Champawat Kumaon in Gurkha Period; History Highways in Chamoli Garhwal, Almora Kumaon in Gurkha Period; History Highways in Pauri Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon in Gurkha Period; History Highways in Dehradun Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon in Gurkha Period;
 

 
 


Bhishma Kukreti

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Re: History of Gorkha Rules over Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh
« Reply #103 on: May 01, 2015, 02:17:28 PM »
   Bijlwan Community Story about Serving Tehri Prince King Sudarshan Shah in Exile
                     (Folk Tales from Garhwal series-109)
          (Narrated by Dinesh Bijlwan, Andufi Village, Patti Kwili, Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand) 
                            Bhishma Kukreti
                There are many community stories about Gurkha invasion and Gurkha rule in Garhwal. Bhishma Kukreti penned down such community stories in past.
            Garhwali Playwright and Drama Activist Dinesh Bijlwan told this author  one such community story.
        When Garhwal King was running from Gurkha via Tehri, Dehradun towards Haridwar, Prince Sudarshan Shah was also running and Gurkha followed him.
          Prince Sudarshan Shah had to spend many months in dense forest of Kansali (Bordering Haridwar, Dehradun and Saharanpur and perhaps Himachal too. Sudarshan Shah had with him a couple of Rajput body Guards, a couple of Harijan and a Brahmin Girijapati Bijlwan as Saryul (cook). Girijapati was not only cook but an astrologer, Mantrik for Sudarshan Shah in exile.
 The descendents of Girijapati tell the stories of Sudarshan Shah spending life as anonymous. Girijapati Bijlwan and a couple of servants used to visit villages for grains and food articles. Girijapati Bijlwan used to cook food for Sudarshan Shah in bamboo pipes. First one holed Green Bamboo Pipe was filled with food grains and some water and then one hole was covered by Red Mud. Then grain filled pipe was put on burning wood. When food was cooked the pipe was cut and cooked food was offered to the Garhwal prince Sudarshan Shah on big leaves.
 Later on, Prince Sudarshan Shah reached to Haridwar with the help of a Panda. Girijapati was with Sudarshan Shah in Haridwar too as trusted Saryul (Cook).
 When Sudarshan Shah became Tehri Garhwal King, he offered Jagir of irrigated fields of Andufi village of Kwili Patti. However, there were conflicts between the family of Girijapati and Sudarshan Shah for a petty matter. Sudarshan Shah cancelled Jagir to family of Girijapati.

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti 1/5//15, Mumbai, India
References

1-Bhishma Kukreti, 1984, Garhwal Ki Lok Kathayen, Binsar Prakashan, Lodhi Colony, Delhi 110003, 
2- Bhishma Kukreti 2003, Salan Biten Garhwali Lok Kathayen, Rant Raibar, Dehradun
Xx
South Asian Community Story from Garhwal; South Asian Bijlwan Community Story from Tehri Garhwal; South Asian Bijlwan Community Story from Kwili Patti , Garhwal; South Asian Community Story from village Andefi , Tehri Garhwal; South Asian Community Story from Garhwal about Prince Sudarshan Shah in Exile; South Asian Community Story from Garhwal about Prince King Sudarshan Shah in Haridwar Jungle ; South Asian Community Story from Garhwal about Prince Sudarshan Shah in Kansali Jungle ;


 


 

Bhishma Kukreti

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Re: History of Gorkha Rules over Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh
« Reply #104 on: May 02, 2015, 10:56:28 AM »
    History Crossing River Means in Himachal, Kumaon and Garhwal in Gurkha Period

History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Garhwal - 43
History of Gorkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -106   
   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -627
                          By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Student)

    Garhwali King erected Iron wire bridges on a few Rivers at strategic places. Those iron wired bridges got destroyed before Gorkha/Gurkha invasion. There were Sanga (bridge made by Rope and wood plates) and Jhule (grass Rope Bridge) in Garhwal Kings Period for crossing rivers. Most of rope and wood plate bridges were also used in Gurkha/Gorkha Period.
 In Shrinagar, for crossing Alaknanda River reaching to Ranihat, people used Jhula Bridge and Donga Boat (Round made by Bamboo or Bheemal Sticks). In Fulchatti (conference of Hinwal and Ganga)  too, Donga were used for crossing Ganga between Pauri Garhwal and Tehri Garhwal. In Banghat (conference of Purvi Nayar and pashchmi Nayar Rivers), Donga were used for crossing in rainy season.
 There was Sanga Bridge in Wangtoo, Himachal when Gurkha invaded Himachal region.
 Gurkha also retained the system of contracting Thekedar for maintain Jhula and Donga. Those contractors used to get grains from prescribed villages and payment from river crossers. Contractors used to pay taxes to Gurkha government. 


*** This chapter References –
Moorcroft, Travels in Hindustan Atkinson
 Trail, Sketches of Kumaon 
** Most of details were taken from Dr Dabral

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 2/5//2015
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -628
*** History of Gorkha/Gurkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) to be continued in next chapter 

(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX
                    Reference

Atkinson E.T., 1884, 1886 , Gazetteer of  Himalayan Districts …
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021 
Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173
B. D. Pande, Kumaon ka Itihas
Sharma , Nepal ko Aitihasik Rup Rekha
Chaudhari , Anglo  –Nepalese Relations
Pande, Vasudha , Compares Histriographical Traditions of Gorkha Rule in Nepal and Kumaon
Pradhan , Kumar, 1991, The Gorkha Conquests , Oxford University  Press
Minyan Govrdhan Singh , History of Himachal Pradesh
A.P Coleman, 1999, A Special Corps
Captain Thomas Smith, 1852,Narrative of a Five Years Residence at Nepal Vol.1
Maula Ram/Mola Ram  , Ranbahadurchandrika and Garhrajvanshkavya
J B Fraser , Asiatic Research
Shyam Ganguli, Doon Rediscovered
Minyan Prem Singh, Guldast Tabarikh Koh Tihri Garhwal
Patiram Garhwal , Ancient and Modern
Tara Datt Gairola, Parvtiy Sanskriti

XXX
History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Garhwal, Kumaon, Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Sirmour Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Kangara Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Baghat Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Tehri Garhwal, Champawat Kumaon, Punar Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Uttarkashi Garhwal, Bageshwar Kumaon, Nahan Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Dehradun Garhwal, Pithoragarh Kumaon, History Himachal; 
Nepal Itihas, Garhwal Itihas, Kumaon Itihas, Himachal Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha ka Kumaon par  Adhikar Itihas , Gurkha/Gorkha Garhwal par Shasan Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Kumaon, Garhwal Uttarakhand; History Gurkha/Gorkha  Rule in Himachal,
Xx
History Crossing Rivers in Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon and Pauri Garhwal in Gurkha Period; History Crossing Rivers in Nainital Kumaon and Chamoli Garhwal in Gurkha Period; History Crossing Rivers in Almora Kumaon and Rudraprayag Garhwal in Gurkha Period; History Crossing Rivers in Champawat Kumaon and Tehri Garhwal in Gurkha Period; History Crossing Rivers in Bageshwar Kumaon and Uttarkashi Garhwal in Gurkha Period; History Crossing Rivers in Pithoragarh Kumaon and Dehradun Garhwal in Gurkha Period;







Bhishma Kukreti

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Re: History of Gorkha Rules over Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh
« Reply #105 on: May 03, 2015, 10:23:02 AM »
Gurkha/Gorkha Ignoring Commerce Development in Garhwal and Kumaon

History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Garhwal - 44
History of Gorkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -107   
   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -628
                          By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Student)

       Commercial Food Grains of Garhwal and Kumaon in Gurkha/Gorkha period

                Commonly, people used to take food grains as –different millets, and coarse grains. Dr Dabral mentions Maize too. However, this author’s opinion is that Maize and Amaranth would have not been so popular by that time. Besides food grains, people used to depend on forest produces as bark, roots, shoots and leaves, seeds buds etc. People used to boil the mentioned forest items with Chanch/Butter Milk or other curry materials.
             People used to grow rice and wheat for paying tax.  Taxes were taken in money and as well by grains.
   People used to take wheat rice and other cash crops in Kandi/bamboo Baskets, on horses and used to travel more than forty fifty miles to sell such items. People used to sell those items in Wholesale Markets as-Bhabhr , Nazibabad, Chattis of pilgrim highways, fairs. People used to get one rupee for twenty five Ser Wheat (around 25 Kilos) in Haridwar.
 In Ruhelkhand Mandi (Nazibabad), seller used to get one rupee for twenty Five Ser Wheat.
The rate of rice in Badrinath was one third rupee for two and half Ser rice and one rupee for Seven Ser Rice.
                   In Almora, the rate of 32 Ser Wheat was one Farukhabadi rupee. In interior of Garhwal, the rate of 100 Ser of Wheat was one rupee. The Gurkha administrators used to apply tactics not to increase rate for grains.
              The Salan people used to visit Nazibabad, Bhabhar, Haridwar, and Dehradun to sell their grains. The farmers of Upper Garhwal used to sell grains to Bhotiya traders. Bhotiya Traders used to sell grains in Tibet and used bring salt to sell in Garhwal.

*** This chapter References –
Moorcroft, Travels in Hindustan Atkinson
 Trail, Sketches of Kumaon 
John Premble, Invasion of Nepal: John Company at war
English Pre Mutiny Records, Kumaon 1816
Garhwal Settlement Reports
** Most of references and details were taken from Dr Dabral

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 3/5//2015
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -629
*** History of Gorkha/Gurkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) to be continued in next chapter 

(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX
                    Reference

Atkinson E.T., 1884, 1886 , Gazetteer of  Himalayan Districts …
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021 
Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173
B. D. Pande, Kumaon ka Itihas
Sharma , Nepal ko Aitihasik Rup Rekha
Chaudhari , Anglo  –Nepalese Relations
Pande, Vasudha , Compares Histriographical Traditions of Gorkha Rule in Nepal and Kumaon
Pradhan , Kumar, 1991, The Gorkha Conquests , Oxford University  Press
Minyan Govrdhan Singh , History of Himachal Pradesh
A.P Coleman, 1999, A Special Corps
Captain Thomas Smith, 1852,Narrative of a Five Years Residence at Nepal Vol.1
Maula Ram/Mola Ram  , Ranbahadurchandrika and Garhrajvanshkavya
J B Fraser , Asiatic Research
Shyam Ganguli, Doon Rediscovered
Minyan Prem Singh, Guldast Tabarikh Koh Tihri Garhwal
Patiram Garhwal , Ancient and Modern
Tara Datt Gairola, Parvtiy Sanskriti

XXX
History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Garhwal, Kumaon, Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Sirmour Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Kangara Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Baghat Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Tehri Garhwal, Champawat Kumaon, Punar Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Uttarkashi Garhwal, Bageshwar Kumaon, Nahan Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Dehradun Garhwal, Pithoragarh Kumaon, History Himachal; 
Nepal Itihas, Garhwal Itihas, Kumaon Itihas, Himachal Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha ka Kumaon par  Adhikar Itihas , Gurkha/Gorkha Garhwal par Shasan Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Kumaon, Garhwal Uttarakhand; History Gurkha/Gorkha  Rule in Himachal,
Xx
History Crossing Rivers in Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon and Pauri Garhwal in Gurkha Period; History Crossing Rivers in Nainital Kumaon and Chamoli Garhwal in Gurkha Period; History Crossing Rivers in Almora Kumaon and Rudraprayag Garhwal in Gurkha Period; History Crossing Rivers in Champawat Kumaon and Tehri Garhwal in Gurkha Period; History Crossing Rivers in Bageshwar Kumaon and Uttarkashi Garhwal in Gurkha Period; History Crossing Rivers in Pithoragarh Kumaon and Dehradun Garhwal in Gurkha Period;


Bhishma Kukreti

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Re: History of Gorkha Rules over Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh
« Reply #106 on: May 04, 2015, 08:07:44 AM »
   History analysis of   Cash Crops in Garhwal and Kumaon in Gurkha/Gorkha Period 
Gurkha/Gorkha Ignoring Commerce Development in Garhwal and Kumaon -2

History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Garhwal - 45
History of Gorkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -108   
   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -629
                          By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Student)
               Kumaoni and Garhwali farmers needed cash crops for various purposes especially for salt, Gud, clothing, wage payment and tax payment. However, neither Garhwali King nor Gurkha paid attention on smooth trade facilities that cash crop is sold or exported.
    Poppy was grown in Bhagirathi Valley of Tehri –Uttarkashi Garhwal. Farmers used to produce Opium by poppy seeds. The Opium of Bhatwadi region was called the Best Opium. Farmers also eat opium raw seeds and used as spice too.
           Hemp was another cash crop that British Factory of Kahsipur used to buy and the hemp clothing was also bought by Sadhis in Pilgrim Raods.
 Cotton was grown in Bhagirathi Valley and Salan Region. Cotton was used for local demand only. Cotton was always imported in Garhwal and Kumaon.
Forest produces was also sold for export but mainly wood.
   Turmeric, Ginger was farmed for export or cash crop too.
              Dr Dabral mentions that Red Chilies were also produced for cash crop.  Vasco da-Gama is called who brought Red Chilly in India in 1598. No historical details are available how Chilies reached to Garhwal, Kumaon and when Chilies became household products. British did experimentations on growing such crops of American Origins as Amaranths, Groundnuts, Potato and Chilies etc.


*** This chapter References –
Moorcroft, Travels in Hindustan Atkinson
 Trail, Sketches of Kumaon 
John Premble, Invasion of Nepal: John Company at war
English Pre Mutiny Records, Kumaon 1816
Garhwal Settlement Reports
** Most of references and details were taken from Dr Dabral

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 4/5//2015
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -630
*** History of Gorkha/Gurkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) to be continued in next chapter 

(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX
                    Reference

Atkinson E.T., 1884, 1886 , Gazetteer of  Himalayan Districts …
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021 
Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173
B. D. Pande, Kumaon ka Itihas
Sharma , Nepal ko Aitihasik Rup Rekha
Chaudhari , Anglo  –Nepalese Relations
Pande, Vasudha , Compares Histriographical Traditions of Gorkha Rule in Nepal and Kumaon
Pradhan , Kumar, 1991, The Gorkha Conquests , Oxford University  Press
Minyan Govrdhan Singh , History of Himachal Pradesh
A.P Coleman, 1999, A Special Corps
Captain Thomas Smith, 1852,Narrative of a Five Years Residence at Nepal Vol.1
Maula Ram/Mola Ram  , Ranbahadurchandrika and Garhrajvanshkavya
J B Fraser , Asiatic Research
Shyam Ganguli, Doon Rediscovered
Minyan Prem Singh, Guldast Tabarikh Koh Tihri Garhwal
Patiram Garhwal , Ancient and Modern
Tara Datt Gairola, Parvtiy Sanskriti

XXX
History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Garhwal, Kumaon, Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Sirmour Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Kangara Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Baghat Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Tehri Garhwal, Champawat Kumaon, Punar Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Uttarkashi Garhwal, Bageshwar Kumaon, Nahan Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Dehradun Garhwal, Pithoragarh Kumaon, History Himachal; 
Nepal Itihas, Garhwal Itihas, Kumaon Itihas, Himachal Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha ka Kumaon par  Adhikar Itihas , Gurkha/Gorkha Garhwal par Shasan Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Kumaon, Garhwal Uttarakhand; History Gurkha/Gorkha  Rule in Himachal,
Xx
History Crossing Rivers in Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon and Pauri Garhwal in Gurkha Period; History Crossing Rivers in Nainital Kumaon and Chamoli Garhwal in Gurkha Period; History Crossing Rivers in Almora Kumaon and Rudraprayag Garhwal in Gurkha Period; History Crossing Rivers in Champawat Kumaon and Tehri Garhwal in Gurkha Period; History Crossing Rivers in Bageshwar Kumaon and Uttarkashi Garhwal in Gurkha Period; History Crossing Rivers in Pithoragarh Kumaon and Dehradun Garhwal in Gurkha Period;
Xx
Cash Crops in Dehradun Garhwal and Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon in Gurkha/Gorkha Period; Cash Crops in Pauri Garhwal and Nainital Kumaon in Gurkha/Gorkha Period; Cash Crops in Chamoli Garhwal and Almora Kumaon in Gurkha/Gorkha Period; Cash Crops in Rudraprayag Garhwal and Champawat Kumaon in Gurkha/Gorkha Period; Cash Crops in Tehri Garhwal and Bageshwar Kumaon in Gurkha/Gorkha Period; Cash Crops in Uttarkashi Garhwal and Pithoragarh Kumaon in Gurkha/Gorkha Period; 
 
 
 
 
 




Bhishma Kukreti

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Re: History of Gorkha Rules over Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh
« Reply #107 on: May 05, 2015, 10:19:54 AM »
History:  Human Trafficking and Cattle Trades in Garhwal, Kumaon in Gurkha/Gorkha Period


Gurkha/Gorkha Ignoring Commerce Development in Garhwal and Kumaon -3

History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Garhwal - 46
History of Gorkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -109   
   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -630
                          By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Student)

                                  Human Trafficking in Gurkha Period
 Human trafficking was common trade in Gurkha period. Gurkha administrators were cruel and used to sell the financial criminals in Haridwar and Dehradun. Fasure reported that Gurkha sold two lakhs unfortunate Garhwalis as slaves in Haridwar, Dehradun, Tibet (Dabral) and Ruhelkhand.

               Cattle Trade and Cattle Produces in Gurkha/Gorkha Period
  Garhwalis used to sell cattle as sheep, Goats, caws, bulls, and buffalos, horses in plains of Ruhelkhnad, Haridwar and Saharanpur. Haridwar was big market for domestic animals of Garhwal. The animals from Garhwal were valuable for transportation, milk production and meat. Forest animals of Garhwal were also sold in Mandis of Nazibabad, Haridwar.
 People used to catch Elephant kind and used to sell in Nazibabad or Haridwar for approximately for rupees two hundred. Upper Garhwal was famous for selling Baj.
  Honey business was also a cash generating business. People used to have honey bee hive in their own houses and also collected honey from jungles. Honey of Garhwal was famous from Asoka time and has premiums.

*** This chapter References –
Moorcroft, Travels in Hindustan Atkinson
 Trail, Sketches of Kumaon 
John Premble, Invasion of Nepal: John Company at war
English Pre Mutiny Records, Kumaon 1816
Garhwal Settlement Reports
** Most of references and details were taken from Dr Dabral

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 5/5//2015
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -631
*** History of Gorkha/Gurkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) to be continued in next chapter 

(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX
                    Reference

Atkinson E.T., 1884, 1886 , Gazetteer of  Himalayan Districts …
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021 
Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173
B. D. Pande, Kumaon ka Itihas
Sharma , Nepal ko Aitihasik Rup Rekha
Chaudhari , Anglo  –Nepalese Relations
Pande, Vasudha , Compares Histriographical Traditions of Gorkha Rule in Nepal and Kumaon
Pradhan , Kumar, 1991, The Gorkha Conquests , Oxford University  Press
Minyan Govrdhan Singh , History of Himachal Pradesh
A.P Coleman, 1999, A Special Corps
Captain Thomas Smith, 1852,Narrative of a Five Years Residence at Nepal Vol.1
Maula Ram/Mola Ram  , Ranbahadurchandrika and Garhrajvanshkavya
J B Fraser , Asiatic Research
Shyam Ganguli, Doon Rediscovered
Minyan Prem Singh, Guldast Tabarikh Koh Tihri Garhwal
Patiram Garhwal , Ancient and Modern
Tara Datt Gairola, Parvtiy Sanskriti

XXX
History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Garhwal, Kumaon, Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Sirmour Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Kangara Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Baghat Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Tehri Garhwal, Champawat Kumaon, Punar Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Uttarkashi Garhwal, Bageshwar Kumaon, Nahan Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Dehradun Garhwal, Pithoragarh Kumaon, History Himachal; 
Nepal Itihas, Garhwal Itihas, Kumaon Itihas, Himachal Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha ka Kumaon par  Adhikar Itihas , Gurkha/Gorkha Garhwal par Shasan Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Kumaon, Garhwal Uttarakhand; History Gurkha/Gorkha  Rule in Himachal,
Xx
History Human Trafficking in Dehradun Garhwal in Gurkha Period; History Human Trafficking in Haridwar Garhwal in Gurkha Period; History Human Trafficking in Pauri Garhwal in Gurkha Period; History Human Trafficking in Chamoli Garhwal in Gurkha Period; History Human Trafficking in Rudraprayag Garhwal in Gurkha Period; History Human Trafficking in Tehri Garhwal in Gurkha Period; History Human Trafficking in Uttarkashi Garhwal in Gurkha Period;








Bhishma Kukreti

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Re: History of Gorkha Rules over Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh
« Reply #108 on: May 06, 2015, 09:47:21 AM »
Weakening of Bhotiya Trades, Huniya Trades in Garhwal in Gurkha/Gorkha Period

Gurkha/Gorkha Ignoring Commerce Development in Garhwal and Kumaon -4

History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Garhwal - 47
History of Gorkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -110   
   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -631
                          By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Student)

          The trade in North -West of Garhwal was normal. The important trade by Bhotiya with Tibet (Hun Des) was important for all including administration.
           Neeti and Mana Valley Bhotiya traders used to bring various articles from Tibet for Garhwal citizens and they used to take goods from Garhwal for Tibetans.
 Mana where Bhotiya lived was under Badrinath Temple land and Gorkha could not take tax from Bhotiya traders. Therefore the earning for Gurkha administration was from trade between Tibet and Garhwal in Neeti valley.
               Import from Tibet to Garhwal
  Bhotiya of Garhwal used to import articles from Tibet for Garhwal as-Salt, Boxite, Gold dust, Wool, Wollen Goods, Kasturi or musk dust, Chanvar, Sheep, Horses, Goats, Medicines and medicinal herbs and gems. They used to bring items in summer season from Tibet. Bhotiya Businessmen used to sell those items in whole of Garhwal till Nazibabad. Bhotiya Traders used to transport items on horses or sheep. Sheep was very essential mode of transport till 1962 in Garhwal and Tibet.
              Export from Garhwal to Tibet
     Bhotiya businessmen used to sell above produces and used to buy grains from Nagpur region for selling in Tibet. A few Bhotiya Businessmen used to tour Nazibabad for Gud , Sugar and other needful items for Tibet.
 Gurkha administrators increased levy on Bhotiya Trade in Neeti valley and the business came down due to heavy taxation.
                       Huniya of Sutlej Valley
 The traders of Extreme North Sutlej valley were called Huniya. They were intermediates of Tibet near Himachal and Garhwal. They used to bring items on sheep and goats to Shrinagar and used to buy grains in exchange. Huniya has dealers in Mana and Neeti for trade exchanges. Garhwal Kings did not levy tax on Huniya Businesses. However, Gurkha administrators started taking tax and Huniya of Himachal stopped coming to Shrinagar.
 By 1808, the trade between Tibet and Garhwal became practically zero. (Asia Research Journal, vol -11 page 498)

*** This chapter References –
Moorcroft, Travels in Hindustan Atkinson
 Trail, Sketches of Kumaon 
John Premble, Invasion of Nepal: John Company at war
English Pre Mutiny Records, Kumaon 1816
Garhwal Settlement Reports
** Most of references and details were taken from Dr Dabral

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 6/5//2015
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -632
*** History of Gorkha/Gurkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) to be continued in next chapter 

(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX
                    Reference

Atkinson E.T., 1884, 1886 , Gazetteer of  Himalayan Districts …
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021 
Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173
B. D. Pande, Kumaon ka Itihas
Sharma , Nepal ko Aitihasik Rup Rekha
Chaudhari , Anglo  –Nepalese Relations
Pande, Vasudha , Compares Histriographical Traditions of Gorkha Rule in Nepal and Kumaon
Pradhan , Kumar, 1991, The Gorkha Conquests , Oxford University  Press
Minyan Govrdhan Singh , History of Himachal Pradesh
A.P Coleman, 1999, A Special Corps
Captain Thomas Smith, 1852,Narrative of a Five Years Residence at Nepal Vol.1
Maula Ram/Mola Ram  , Ranbahadurchandrika and Garhrajvanshkavya
J B Fraser , Asiatic Research
Shyam Ganguli, Doon Rediscovered
Minyan Prem Singh, Guldast Tabarikh Koh Tihri Garhwal
Patiram Garhwal , Ancient and Modern
Tara Datt Gairola, Parvtiy Sanskriti

XXX
History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Garhwal, Kumaon, Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Sirmour Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Kangara Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Baghat Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Tehri Garhwal, Champawat Kumaon, Punar Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Uttarkashi Garhwal, Bageshwar Kumaon, Nahan Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Dehradun Garhwal, Pithoragarh Kumaon, History Himachal; 
Nepal Itihas, Garhwal Itihas, Kumaon Itihas, Himachal Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha ka Kumaon par  Adhikar Itihas , Gurkha/Gorkha Garhwal par Shasan Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Kumaon, Garhwal Uttarakhand; History Gurkha/Gorkha  Rule in Himachal,
Xx


Bhishma Kukreti

  • Hero Member
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Re: History of Gorkha Rules over Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh
« Reply #109 on: May 07, 2015, 05:28:10 AM »
           Traders in Shrinagar Garhwal in Gurkha Rule
Gurkha/Gorkha Ignoring Commerce Development in Garhwal and Kumaon -5

History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Garhwal - 48
History of Gorkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -111   
   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -632
                          By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Student)

           Most of the trade of Garhwal, Kumaon was in done by small or big individual traders. The representatives of Traders from Nazibabad, and Doab (Plains of Yamuna-Ganga region) used to stay in Shrinagar Garhwal. Those representatives used to create markets for goods of plains and used to appoint traders in Garhwal. Those representatives also used to arrange export from Garhwal to their business houses in plains.
 Those representatives used to come to Shrinagar after rainy season and used to return in plains just before rainy season start. In 1808, there were 60-70 small Muslim traders in Shrinagar (Asiatic Researches vol 11, 491). Those Muslim traders used to seel products as from onion to silk products in Shrinagar. Gurkha administrators used to harass those small traders and slowly small traders of plains stopped coming to Shrinagar. Many traders shifted from Shrinagar.


*** This chapter References –
Moorcroft, Travels in Hindustan Atkinson
 Trail, Sketches of Kumaon 
John Premble, Invasion of Nepal: John Company at war
English Pre Mutiny Records, Kumaon 1816
Garhwal Settlement Reports
** Most of references and details were taken from Dr Dabral

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 7/5//2015
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -633
*** History of Gorkha/Gurkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) to be continued in next chapter 

(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX
                    Reference

Atkinson E.T., 1884, 1886 , Gazetteer of  Himalayan Districts …
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021 
Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173
B. D. Pande, Kumaon ka Itihas
Sharma , Nepal ko Aitihasik Rup Rekha
Chaudhari , Anglo  –Nepalese Relations
Pande, Vasudha , Compares Histriographical Traditions of Gorkha Rule in Nepal and Kumaon
Pradhan , Kumar, 1991, The Gorkha Conquests , Oxford University  Press
Minyan Govrdhan Singh , History of Himachal Pradesh
A.P Coleman, 1999, A Special Corps
Captain Thomas Smith, 1852,Narrative of a Five Years Residence at Nepal Vol.1
Maula Ram/Mola Ram  , Ranbahadurchandrika and Garhrajvanshkavya
J B Fraser , Asiatic Research
Shyam Ganguli, Doon Rediscovered
Minyan Prem Singh, Guldast Tabarikh Koh Tihri Garhwal
Patiram Garhwal , Ancient and Modern
Tara Datt Gairola, Parvtiy Sanskriti

XXX
History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Sirmour Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Kangara Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Baghat Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Tehri Garhwal, Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Punar Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Uttarkashi Garhwal, Bageshwar Kumaon, Uttarakhand;  Nahan Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Dehradun Garhwal, Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History Himachal; 
Nepal Itihas, Garhwal Itihas, Kumaon Itihas, Himachal Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha ka Kumaon par  Adhikar Itihas , Gurkha/Gorkha Garhwal par Shasan Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Kumaon, Garhwal Uttarakhand; History Gurkha/Gorkha  Rule in Himachal,
Xx



 

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