Uttarakhand > Uttarakhand History & Movements - उत्तराखण्ड का इतिहास एवं जन आन्दोलन
History of Kumaon (1000-1790AD) -कुमाऊं का इतिहास (1000 - 1790 ई. )
Bhishma Kukreti:
Sadhuvardev Katyuri (1184-1191) King in Context Himalayan History
History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar) - Part 129
Himalayan Medieval Age History of Katyuri Imperialism of Karvipur (Uttarakhand, India) - 10
(Himalayan Medieval Age History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar, Doti Nepal (Uttarakhand, India))- (740-1300 AD)
By: Bhishma Kukreti
The inscription date of Sadhuvardev Katyuri is 1184. It is assumed that Sadhuvardev Katyuri ruled from 1184-1191AD.
There was more disintegration of great Katyuri kingdom at the Sadhuvardev Katyuri period. There was no strong rule over the regional chieftains from Sadhuvardev Katyuri. There was loose administration everywhere in Uttarakhand.
Taking benefits of weak administration and infighting, the Baitadi-Doti chieftain Ashokchall captured most of territories of Mansabhumi (Kumaon) Kedarkhand (Garhwal).
There is no record that Ashokchall killed Sadhuvardev Katyuri or Sadhuvardev Katyuri accepted the rule of Ashokchall.
There are inscriptions of successors of Sadhuvardev Katyuri –Indradev, Vijaypaldev, Mahipaldev and Lakshmanpaldev.
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti -bckukreti@gmail.com 27/8/2013
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand) to be continued… Part -130
Himalayan Medieval Age History of Baijnath/Baidyanath Katyuri to be continued…
(Himalayan Medieval Age History (740-1300 AD to be continued…)
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Notes on Himalayan History; Himalayan History of Kumaon; Himalayan History of Dwarhat Kumaon; Himalayan History of Askot Kumaon; Himalayan History of Baijnath Kumaon; Himalayan History of Jageshwar Kumaon; Himalayan History of Bageshwar Kumaon; Himalayan History of Almora Kumaon; Himalayan History of Nainital Kumaon; Himalayan History of Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon; Himalayan History of Pali Kumaon; Himalayan History of Karvipur Kumaon; Himalayan History of Domkot Kumaon; Himalayan History of Ganai Kumaon; Himalayan History of Charal Kumaon; Himalayan History of Champawat Kumaon;
Bhishma Kukreti:
Rule of Ashok Challa (1191-1209) over Uttarakhand in context Indian Himalayan History
History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar) - Part 130
Himalayan, Indian Medieval Age History of Katyuri Imperialism of Karvipur (Uttarakhand, India) - 11
(Himalayan, Indian Medieval Age History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar, Doti Nepal (Uttarakhand, India))- (740-1300 AD)
By: Bhishma Kukreti
Ashok Challa was born in Bataidi Nepal. His title in Gopeshwar Trident inscription is ‘Bairath-kul Tilak’. There are inscriptions available about Ashokchalla-
1-Bodhgaya, Rock inscription by Ashokchalla
2-Bodhgaya, rock inscription by Sahanpal
3- Bodhgaya, rock inscription by Purushotttam Singh
4-Gopeshwar, Trident inscription by Ashokchalla
5-Gopeshwar, Trident inscription by Ashokchalla
6-Barahat, Trident inscription by Ashok Challa
7- Nala, Vijay Stambh or Pillar inscription by Ashokchalla
8- Jageshwar , metal sculpture of Ashok Challa
First, the Khasa brave man Ashokchalla captured Doti that was under Katyuir rule. Next step was for him to conquer Katyuri. Ashokchalla conquered Katyuri kingdom. Around 1160, Ashokchalla captured Kali Kumaon. After winning Kali Kumaon, Ashokchalla returned to doti and handed over administration to his chief Jaytung Singh. It seems, Jaytung and his son Kamdev Singh ruled Kumaon tfrom 1160-1170. Purushotta, Singh ruled Kumaon or Kali Ganga valley 1170-1210.
Title for Khasa King Ashokchalla is ‘Param Bhandarak Maharajadhiraj’ in Gopeshwar inscription. Ahokchalla helped Purushottam Sing for building Gandhkuti in Bodhgaya.
Ashok Challa built a palace in Gopeshwar. He called the defeated regional chieftains by him for a conference in Gopeshwar and officially declared them as his regional representatives. Ashok Challa appointed his regional representatives those were regional representatives or chieftains either under Katyuri or were freed chieftains.
He handed over the administrations to his regional chieftains (Mandlik) and returned to Doti, Nepal.
Ashok Challa visited Barahat (Uttarkashi) in 1209 and engraved his name on Guha trident.
Ashok Challa was attacker on Uttarakhand but Ashokchalla is honored as one of the great rulers of Uttarakhand. There is much record whether he also ruled on south Pauri Garhwal, Dehradun and Haridwar or not.
Pilgrimage Value of Haridwar in 1200
Haridwar was one of the most visited Indian pilgrimage places. For example, King Shalivahana of Jaisalmer visited Haridwar,
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti -bckukreti@gmail.com 29/8/2013
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India ) to be continued… Part -131
Himalayan, Indian Medieval Age History of Baijnath/Baidyanath Katyuri to be continued…
(Himalayan, Indian Medieval Age History (740-1300 AD to be continued…)
Xx xxx xxxx
Notes on Rule of Ashok Challa (1191-1209) over Uttarakhand in context Indian, Himalayan History; Rule of Ashok Challa (1191-1209) on Askot, Uttarakhand in context Indian, Himalayan History; Rule of Ashok Challa (1191-1209) on Johar, Uttarakhand in context Indian, Himalayan History; Rule of Ashok Challa (1191-1209) on Gangolhat Uttarakhand in context Indian, Himalayan History; Rule of Ashok Challa (1191-1209) over Dharchula Uttarakhand in context Indian, Himalayan History; Rule of Ashok Challa (1191-1209) on Pithoragarh Uttarakhand in context Indian, Himalayan History; Rule of Ashok Challa (1191-1209) on Jageshwar Uttarakhand in context Indian, Himalayan History; Rule of Ashok Challa (1191-1209) on Bageshwar Uttarakhand in context Indian, Himalayan History; Rule of Ashok Challa (1191-1209) on Nala, Uttarakhand in context Indian, Himalayan History; Rule of Ashok Challa (1191-1209) on Barahat Uttarakhand in context Indian, Himalayan History; Rule of Ashok Challa (1191-1209) on Gopeshwar Uttarakhand in context Indian, Himalayan History; Rule of Ashok Challa (1191-1209) over Chamoli Garhwal Uttarakhand in context Indian, Himalayan History; Rule of Ashok Challa (1191-1209) over Almora Uttarakhand in context Indian, Himalayan History; Rule of Ashok Challa (1191-1209) over Champawat Uttarakhand in context Indian, Himalayan History; Rule of Ashok Challa (1191-1209) over Nainital Uttarakhand in context Indian, Himalayan History; Rule of Ashok Challa (1191-1209) over Udham Singh nagar Uttarakhand in context Indian, Himalayan History; Rule of Ashok Challa (1191-1209) over Charal Patti Uttarakhand in context Indian, Himalayan History;
Bhishma Kukreti:
Chauhans in Garhwal in Ashok Challa Period of Indian Himalayan Medieval History Age
History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar) - Part 131
Himalayan, Indian Medieval Age History of Katyuri Imperialism of Karvipur (Uttarakhand, India) - 12
(Himalayan, Indian Medieval Age History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar, Doti Nepal (Uttarakhand, India))- (740-1300 AD)
By: Bhishma Kukreti
Chauhan Soldiers Entering into Garhwal and Haridwar (1151-1200)
The history experts have record that in Uttarakhand the Katyuri rule was disintegrating, their regional governors were getting them free and establishing their own rule around 100-1200 and at this juncture Ashok Challa of Bairat Nepal took over rule of some part of Uttarakhand.
While in Indian scene many new historical events were emerging.
In 1151, Beesaldev defeated Tomar King and captured Delhi kingdom. The regional army chefs or chieftains Chauhan started ruling in Haryana and Punjab.
The Chauhan officers replaced Tomar officers for Chauhan officers. The Chauhan army men also started encroaching in South Garhwal –especially Ganga Salan.
When Muhammad Ghauri defeted Prithvi Raj Chauhan and captured Delhi, the Chauhan soldiers started taking shelters into Himachal and Garhwal.
Chauhan captured Garhis of Garhwal from 1160-1192. Chauhan captured Garhis of Gangasalan (South Pauri Garhwal, north of Bhabhar/Bijnor and east of Haridwar). These Garhi were Mavakot, Garkot, Bhairon Garh, Ghughti Garh and Dhang Garh. This region was called Ajmeer and Udaypur region. Chauhan also captured Sapad Laksh or Shivalik region of Uttarakhand. Initially the name of this region was Ajymeru and now Ajmeer.
Chauhan captured parts of Mandakini valley too.
Dr. Dabral states that there are possibilities that Ashok Challa had many regional Chauhan chieftains under his rule.
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti -bckukreti@gmail.com 30/8/2013
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -132
Himalayan, Indian Medieval Age History of Karvipur Katyuri to be continued…
(Himalayan, Indian Medieval Age History (740-1300 AD to be continued…)
Xx xxx xxxx
History Notes on Chauhan in Garhwal in Ashok Challa Period of Indian Himalayan Medieval History Age; on Chauhan in Ajmir, Garhwal in Ashok Challa Period of Indian Himalayan Medieval History Age; Chauhan in Udaipur Garhwal in Ashok Challa Period of Indian Himalayan Medieval History Age; History Notes on Chauhan in Mavgarh, Garhwal in Ashok Challa Period of Indian Himalayan Medieval History Age; History Notes on Chauhan in Ajmergarh Garhwal in Ashok Challa Period of Indian Himalayan Medieval History Age; on Chauhan in Bhairon Garh Garhwal in Ashok Challa Period of Indian Himalayan Medieval History Age; History Notes on Chauhan in Gadhkot/Gatkot, Garhwal in Ashok Challa Period of Indian Himalayan Medieval History Age; History Notes on Chauhan in Naugarh -Dhangu, Garhwal in Ashok Challa Period of Indian Himalayan Medieval History Age; History Notes on Chauhan in Dhang Garh Garhwal in Ashok Challa Period of Indian Himalayan Medieval History Age; History Notes on Chauhan in Ghughti Garh Garhwal in Ashok Challa Period of Indian Himalayan Medieval History Age; History Notes on Chauhan in Mandakiti valley Garhwal in Ashok Challa Period of Indian Himalayan Medieval History Age; History Notes on Chauhan in Shivalik , Dehradun and Haridwar in Ashok Challa Period of Indian Himalayan Medieval History Age; History Notes on Chauhan in Garhwal in Ashok Challa Period of Indian Himalayan Medieval History Age; History Notes on History of Kumaon
Bhishma Kukreti:
जब इतिहासकार डा. शिव प्रसाद डबराल को "कुमाऊं का इतिहास" प्रकाशन हेतु भूमि बेचनी पड़ी
भीष्म कुकरेती
आज स्वतन्त्रता दिवस है तो आज हमारे मनीषियों के योगदान -बलिदान स्मरण होना भी आवश्यक है।
अपनी जन्म भूमि के आत्माभिमान के लिए त्याग भी स्वतंत्रता आन्दोलन जैसा ही ही है। अपने इतिहास को अक्षुण रखना भी एक सामजिक उत्तरदायित्व है । डा शिव प्रसाद डबराल का उत्तराखंड के इतिहास को लिखने में अत्यंत महत्वपूर्ण योगदान है ।
डा शिव प्रसाद डबराल ने उत्तराखंड के सभी क्षेत्रों का इतिहास पर अन्वेषण किया और उसे लिपिबद्ध किया । इन कार्यों के लिए उन्हें कई कष्ट भी सहने पड़े ।
कुमाऊँ का इतिहास (1000 -1790 ई ) की भूमिका में डा शिव प्रसाद डबराल इस प्रकार लिखते हैं -
" छै वर्षों तक सूरदास बने रहने के कारण लेखन कार्य रुक गया था ।प्रकाशन कार्य में निरंतर घाटा पड़ने से प्रेस (वीर गाथा प्रेस ) बेच देना पड़ा ।ओप्रेसन से ज्योति पुन: आने पर चला कि दरजनो फाइलें , जिसमें महत्वपूर्ण नोट्स थे , शायद रद्दी कागजों के साथ फेंक दी गईं हैं । कुमाऊँ का इतिहास भी गढ़वाल के इतिहास के समान ही छै सौ पृष्ठों में छपने वाला था ।इस बीच कागज़ का मूल्य छै गुना और छपाई का व्यय १६ गुना बढ़ गया था ।छै सौ पृष्ठों का ग्रन्थ छपने के लिए 35000 रुपयों की आवश्यकता थी ।इतनी अधिक राशि जुटाना सम्भव नही था । 76 की आयु में मनुष्य को जो भी करना हो तुरंत कर लेना चाहिए ।दो ही साधन थे ।भूमि बेच देना और पांडू लिपि को संक्षिप्त करना ।अस्तु मैंने कुछ राशि भूमि बेचकर जुटाई तथा कलम कुठार लेकर पांडुलिपि के बक्कल उतारते उतारते उसे आधा , भीतरी , 'टोर' मात्र बना दिया । किसी 'चिपको वाले 'मित्र ने मुझे इस क्रूर कार्य से नही रोका ! "
डा शिव प्रसाद डबराल की 'कुमाऊँ का इतिहास ' (1987 ) पुस्तक में कुल 272 पृष्ठ हैं और पुनीत प्रेस मेरठ से मुद्रित हुयी है
डा डबराल को कोटि कोटि नमन
Bhishma Kukreti:
Medieval Indian, Himalayan History Features of Purushottam Singh the King of Kamadesh (Kali Kumaon)
History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar) - Part 131
Himalayan, Indian Medieval Age History of Katyuri Imperialism of Karvipur (Uttarakhand, India) – 12
(History of Kumaon from 1000-1790)
(Himalayan, Indian Medieval Age History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar, Doti Nepal (Uttarakhand, India))- (740-1300 AD)
By: Bhishma Kukreti
Purushottam Singh (1170-1210); a Strong King of Singh Dynasty
Purushottam Singh was son of Kamdev Singh and grandson of Jaytung Singh who ruled over Kaliganga valley. Purushottam Singh ruled Kaliganga valley under the super rule of Ashok Challa. Dr. Dabral suggested the rule of Jaytung Singh from 1160 AD and the rule of Kamdev Singh till 1170.Purushottam ruled Kali Kumaon from 1170-1210.
There are inscriptions available about Ashok Challa and Purushottam Singh-
1-Bodhgaya, Rock inscription by Ashokchalla
2-Bodhgaya, rock inscription by Sahanpal
3- Bodhgaya, rock inscription by Purushotttam Singh
4-Gopeshwar, Trident inscription by Ashokchalla
5-Gopeshwar, Trident inscription by Ashokchalla
6-Barahat, Trident inscription by Ashok Challa
7- Nala, Vijay Stambh or Pillar inscription by Ashokchalla
8- Jageshwar , metal sculpture of Ashok Challa
Capital of Kamadesh of Purushottam Singh (1170-1210);
The Bodhgaya inscriptions of Purushottam Singh state that he ruled on Kamadesh. His capital was ‘Chakraval’. Dr Dabral suggested this place as present Charal Patti east of present Champawat.
Gandhkuti construction in Bodhgaya by Purushottam Singh
Manikya Singh the grandson (daughter’s son) of Purushottam Singh expired in his early age. For paying ribute to his grandson, Purushottam Singh built a very beautiful Kuti in Bodhgaya. Mahadhiraj of Purushottam Singh -Ashok Challa and Chinda King helped Purushottam Singh in building Gandhkuti. Rajguru and religious priest Yati the court scholar of Kamadesh was there to look after the construction of Gandhkuti. The construction of Gandhkuti at Bodhgaya was started in 1205 and was completed in 1209. Purushottam Singh established Buddha idol there. Purushottam Singh appointed a beautiful singer and dancers for singing and dancing before Buddha sculpture in morning, afternoon and evening.
Purushottam Singh arranged daily food for needy ones in Gadhkuti at Bodhgaya. The scholars and religious pundits used to stay in Gadhkuti.
Respect for Scholars
Purushottam Singh was believer on Buddhism. In low numbers, but Buddhism was still alive there in Uttarakhand.
Purushottam Singh had great respects for scholars, art and artists. His Rajguru Yati was great scholar. The Sanskrit poet Manju Nandi created sholkas for Bodhgya inscriptions. Jeev Nag the father of Manju Nandi and Vasudev the grandfather of Manju Nandi were scholars. A scholar Indra Nandi was record keeper.
Territory of Purushottam Singh Rule
Kamdesh or Kalikumaon was the territory of Purushottam Singh. Purushottam Singh was ruler and Ashok Challa was over ruling King.
Jay Singh and Khang Singh were successors of Purushottam Singh.
Purushottam Singh was founder of Singh dynasty in Kumaon.
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti -bckukreti@gmail.com 30/8/2013
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -132
Himalayan, Indian Medieval Age History of Karvipur Katyuri to be continued…
(Himalayan, Indian Medieval Age History (740-1300 AD to be continued…)
Xx xxx xxxx
Notes on Indian, Himalayan Medieval History; Indian, Himalayan Medieval History of Doti Nepal; Indian, Himalayan Medieval History of Pithoragarh; Indian, Himalayan Medieval History of Champawat; Indian, Himalayan Medieval History of Nainital; Indian, Himalayan Medieval History of Almora; Indian, Himalayan Medieval History of Bageshwar; Indian, Himalayan Medieval History of Udham Singh Nagar; Indian, Himalayan Medieval History of Lohaghat Champawat; Indian, Himalayan Medieval History of Charal Patti Champawat; Indian, Himalayan Medieval History of Tanakpur Champawat; Indian, Himalayan Medieval History of Bajkot Champawat; Indian, Himalayan Medieval History of Sela Champawat; Indian, Himalayan Medieval History of Lepra Champawat; Indian, Himalayan Medieval History of Kali Valley Champawat; Indian, Himalayan Medieval History of Dhunaghat Champawat; Indian, Himalayan Medieval History of Sukhidhang Champawat; Indian, Himalayan Medieval History of Dayuri Champawat; Indian, Himalayan Medieval History of Devidhura Champawat; Indian, Himalayan Medieval History of Uttarakhand;
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