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History of Plant Science , History of Botany , Botanical Researches In India

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Bhishma Kukreti:

A Few Medicinal Plants mentioned in Amarkosha 

Plant Science in Amarkosha - part – 3
Plant Science / Botany in Classic Sanskrit Literature/      
BOTANY History of Indian Subcontinent –154 
Information Collection and Compilation: Bhishma Kukreti
s= Half अ /आधा अ फलो
-
  There are following medicinal plants mentioned in Amarkosha –
Ficus religosa  ( Amarkosha 2. 5.1 )
Limonia acidissima (Amarkosha 2. 5. 2)
Ficus racemosa (Amarkosha 2. 5. 3)
Bauhinia variegate (Amarkosha 2. 5.4 )
Alstonia scholaris (Amarkosha 2. 5. 5)
Cassia fistula (Amarkosha 2. 5.6 )
Citrus lemon (Amarkosha 2. 5. 7)
Cretaeva nurvala (Amarkosha 2. 5.8 )
Rottlera tinctoria (Amarkosha 2. 5. 9)
Erythrina indica (Amarkosha 2. 5. 10)
Ougenia dalbergioides (Amarkosha 2. 5.11 )
Spondias pinnata (Amarkosha 2. 5. 12)
Madhuka indica (Amarkosha 2. 5. 13)
Salvadora persica (Amarkosha 2. 5. 14)
Juglans regia (Amarkosha 2. 5. 15)
Alangium salvifolium (Amarkosha 2. 5. 16)
Butea monosperma (Amarkosha 2. 5. 17)
Salix caprea (Amarkosha 2. 5. 18)
Salix tetrasperma (Amarkosha 2. 5. 19)
Moringa oleifera (Amarkosha 2. 5. 20)
Sapindus trifoliatus (Amarkosha 2. 5.21 )
Aegel marmelos (Amarkosha 2. 5. 22)
Ficus virens (Amarkosha 2. 5. 23)
Ficus benghalensis (Amarkosha 2. 5. 24)
Symplocos racemosa (Amarkosha 2. 5. 25)
Mangifera indica (Amarkosha 2. 5. 26)
Commiphora mukul (Amarkosha 2. 5. 27)
Cordia myxa (Amarkosha 2. 5.28 )
Buchanania lanzan (Amarkosha 2. 5. 29)
Gmelina arborea (Amarkosha 2. 5. 30)
Zyzyphus jubjuba (Amarkosha 2. 5.30a )
Flacourtia indica (Amarkosha 2. 5. 31)
Citrus aurantium (Amarkosha 2. 5. 32)
Diospyros embryoteris (Amarkosha 2. 5.33 )
Strychnos nux-vomica (Amarkosha 2. 5. 34)
Screbera swietenoides (Amarkosha 2. 5.35 )
Wendiandia exserta (Amarkosha 2. 5. 36)
Tamrix (Amarkosha 2. 5. 37)
Myrica nagi (Amarkosha 2. 5. 38)
Symplocos racemosa (Amarkosha 2. 5. 39)
Morus alba (Amarkosha 2. 5. 40)
Anthocephalus  cadamba (Amarkosha 2. 5. 41)

References
1-Amarakosha compiled by B. L. Rice edited by N Balsubramanya 1970, 
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti, 2020

Bhishma Kukreti:
Acharya Madhavakara of Madhava Nidana

Plant Science in Amarkosha - part – 4
Plant Science / Botany in Classic Sanskrit Literature/      
BOTANY History of Indian Subcontinent –155 
Information Collection and Compilation: Bhishma Kukreti
s= Half अ /आधा अ
-
 The creator of Rogvinishchaya, Madhavakara was born in 7th Century AD.  Madhavakara was the son of Indulkara and he belonged to Vanga - Desha.
The work Rogvinishchaya by Madhavakara became popular as ‘Madhavanidana ‘.
Madhavanidana’ is mainly the compilation of previous Ayurvedic Works such as Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, Astangasangraha and Ashtanghridaya and Sudhasagar by Ravi Gupta. a
 Period of Madhavanidana is in 7th Century. Vagbhata of 6th Century cited the names of Charaka and Sushruta but not Rogvinishchaya.  That means Madhavakara did not live before or in 6th century. (1). Vindra and   Chakrapani and) followed the description of degasses as described in Madhavanidana.  (1 and 2)
Vindra Madhava the composer of ‘Siddha Yoga Sangraha ‘lived around 8th -9th century AD. Vindra Madhava followed the style of Madhavanidana in his works. That clearly proved that Madhavakara did not live in 8th and 9yh century.
Harnul Rashid an n Arabic Scholar of 8th Century translated ‘Madhavanidana’. That means there must be difference of 150 0r 100 years between Madhavakara and Harnul Rashid.
Now, it is clear that Madhavakara lived around 7th Century AD.  (2)
 There are following specialties of Madhavanidana (1)-
Chapter -     Subjects  –
1--------------- 5 tools for examining diseases
2 -19,22-37, and 49-54-------- Kaya Chikitsa
20-21----Toxicology Bhutvidya
38-55- Shalya Chikitsa or Surgery
56-60---Shalala or  Diseases of Eye Nose and Ear  (ENT)
69- Toxicology
In Madhavanidana, there  79 diseases   were described .

References
1-Momin Ali, 1992, Introduction to Madhavanidana, Bulletin Indian Institute of History of Medicines VOl... XXII pp 145-158
2-Dr Mansa, 2016, Acharya Madhavakara: his work Madhavanidana’ legacy amazing facts ,  easyayurveda .com  / 2016/ 11/01/Madhavakara-madhava-nidana/  accessed on 7 th December 2020
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti, 2020

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