Author Topic: History of Uttarakhand, Kumaon & Garhwal-उत्तराखंड का इतिहास (कुमाऊं/गढ़वाल)  (Read 234176 times)

Bhishma Kukreti

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Asian Medieval History of Nimbar/Nimbart Katyuri Family Kings of Uttarakhand


History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar) - Part 98
 
   Indian Early Medieval History of Katyuri Imperialism in Kumaon, Garhwal and Haridwar (Uttarakhand) -9

          (Indian Medieval Age History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar (Uttarakhand))
                          (Asian Medieval History (740-1100 AD)

                                 By: Bhishma Kukreti

             The Pandukeshwar (near Badrinath, Chamoli Garhwal) )and Bageshwar Inscriptions by Lalitshur and Bhudev provide detail about Nimbar or Nimbart family Kingdom.

                              Nimbar and his successor Katyuri Kings


              The Lalitshur copper inscription describes that Nimbar conquered the kingdom by blessing from Shiva (Dhujjarti). That suggests that Nimbar might have battled and displaced either Tribhuvanraj Katyuri or his successor from the crown. 
    Lalitshur the grandson of Nimbar praised Nimbar as kind, donor, truthful, humble, pure or clean, energetic, serious, disciplined, and believer on customs.
Bhagvato dhurjjate prasaadannijbhujo parjjitaunjjityanirjjit ritutimirlbadhoday prakshdaya dakshinya satya satvashil shauch shauryodarygaambhiryrmryadaryvrittashchary
Karyavtyadi gunganalnkkritsharirh mahasukriti santanbijavatarh krit yugagam bhupal lalitkirti nanda bhagvaticharankamal kamlasanathmurtih shrimimbarstyt
Nayasttpadanudhyato ragya mahadevi shrinathudevi tasyamutpanh parammaheshwarh parambrahnyah shitkripandharotkritamtte bhakumbhakrishtotkrisht mukhtabaliyashahpataka
             Nimbar (Shrimimbar) was devotee of Nanda Bhagwati and was prosperous.

                                Queen of Nimbar Katyuri King


           The name of wife of Nimbar Katyuri king was Nathudevi or Nashudevi.

                                       Arrival of Shankaracharya
 
 It is believed that Shankaracharya expired in Kedarnath in 788. It might be possible that Shankaracharya might have arrived in the time of Nimbar or his son Ishtangandev. 

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti -bckukreti@gmail.com 15/7//2013
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
   
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand) to be continued… Part -99
Indian History of Katyuri Dynasty in Kumaon, Garhwal and Haridwar (Uttarakhand) to be continued…10
    (Indian Medieval Age History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar (Uttarakhand) to be continued…)
    (Asian Medieval History (740-1100 AD to be continued…)

                                        References
A1- Agrawal, D.P., J.S Kharkwal, 1998, Central Himalayas: an archeological, linguistic and cultural synthesis 
1-Atkinson, E.T. 1974 (new edition), 1974, Kumaon Hills
1A- Adhikari, Suryamani, 1997, The Khasa Kingdom
1B- Chandola, Khemanand, 1987, Across Himalayas through Ages: a study of relations between central Himalayas and western Tibet
2--Chaurasiya, Radhey Shyam, 2002, History of Ancient India: Earliest time to 1000AD
3--Dabral, Shiv Prasad Dabral, 1968, Uttarakhand ka Itihas, Bhag-3 Pages 429-513)
3A- Elliot and Dowson, History of Indian (2nd part)
4--Handa, O.C. 2002, history of Uttaranchal, Indus Publishing Company, New Delhi 27, page 22-44
4A- Joshi, M.C., 1990, Uttaranchal (Kumaon-Garhwal) Himalaya: an essay in historical anthropology 
5-Linrothe, Rob, 1999, Ruthless Compassion: Wrathful Deities in Early Indo Tibetan Esoteric Buddhist Art
6-Mishra, Nityanand, Source Materials of Kumaon History 
7-Mishra Baldev Prasad, Nepal ka Itihas
8- Pandey, B.D, 1937, new edition (1990), Kumaon ka Itihas
9- Pandey, Ram Niwas, 1997, Making of Modern Nepal, page 170
10-Rawat, Ajay S., 19 Garhwal Himalayas: A Study in Historical Perspective 
11-Satyankritan, Rahul, Garhwal
11A-Saklani, Dinesh Prasad, 1998, Ancient Communities of The Himalayas
11B- Tripathi, Ramdatt , Katyur ka Itihas
 12-Notes on Archeological Aspects of Uttarakhand: ascidehraduncircle.in/uttrakhand.html
13-Indian Archeology: A review, (edited by D. Mitra) 1979-80
14- Epigraphia  Indica 1982, Vol. XIII

Xxx                              xx
Notes on Asian Medieval History of Nimbar/Nimbart Katyuri Family Kings of Uttarakhand; Asian Medieval History of Nimbar/Nimbart Katyuri Family Kings of Dehradun, Uttarakhand; Asian Medieval History of Nimbar/Nimbart Katyuri Family Kings of Jaunsar Bhabar, Uttarakhand; Asian Medieval History of Nimbar/Nimbart Katyuri Family Kings of Ravain Uttarakhand; Asian Medieval History of Nimbar/Nimbart Katyuri Family Kings of Uttarkashi Uttarakhand; Asian Medieval History of Nimbar/Nimbart Katyuri Family Kings of Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Asian Medieval History of Nimbar/Nimbart Katyuri Family Kings of Chamoli Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Asian Medieval History of Nimbar/Nimbart Katyuri Family Kings of Rudraprayag Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Asian Medieval History of Nimbar/Nimbart Katyuri Family Kings of Pauri Uttarakhand; Asian Medieval History of Nimbar/Nimbart Katyuri Family Kings of Pandukeshwar, Uttarakhand; Asian Medieval History of Nimbar/Nimbart Katyuri Family Kings of Joshimath Uttarakhand; Asian Medieval History of Nimbar/Nimbart Katyuri Family Kings of Neeti valley Uttarakhand; Asian Medieval History of Nimbar/Nimbart Katyuri Family Kings of Mana valley Uttarakhand; Asian Medieval History of Nimbar/Nimbart Katyuri Family Kings of Pindar valley Garhwal Uttarakhand; Asian Medieval History of Nimbar/Nimbart Katyuri Family Kings of Valley of Flower valley Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Asian Medieval History of Nimbar/Nimbart Katyuri Family Kings of Askot, Kumaon Uttarakhand; Asian Medieval History of Nimbar/Nimbart Katyuri Family Kings of Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Asian Medieval History of Nimbar/Nimbart Katyuri Family Kings of Doti, Nepal; Asian Medieval History of Nimbar/Nimbart Katyuri Family Kings of Pithoragarh  Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Asian Medieval History of Nimbar/Nimbart Katyuri Family Kings of Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Asian Medieval History of Nimbar/Nimbart Katyuri Family Kings of Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Asian Medieval History of Nimbar/Nimbart Katyuri Family Kings of Champawat,  Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Asian Medieval History of Nimbar/Nimbart Katyuri Family Kings of Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Asian Medieval History of Nimbar/Nimbart Katyuri Family Kings of Bageshwar, Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Asian Medieval History of Nimbar/Nimbart Katyuri Family Kings of Kanda Bageshwar, Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Asian Medieval History of Nimbar/Nimbart Katyuri Family Kings of Kapkot, Bageshwar, Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Asian Medieval History of Nimbar/Nimbart Katyuri Family Kings of Tharap Bageshwar, Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Asian Medieval History of Nimbar/Nimbart Katyuri Family Kings of Agrikot Bageshwar, Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Asian Medieval History of Nimbar/Nimbart Katyuri Family Kings of Syakot Bageshwar, Kumaon, Uttarakhand to be continued…

Bhishma Kukreti

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Asian Medieval History of Ishtgandev a Nimbar/Nimbart Katyuri Family King


History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar) - Part 99
 
   Indian Early Medieval History of Katyuri Imperialism in Kumaon, Garhwal and Haridwar (Uttarakhand) -10

          (Indian Medieval Age History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar (Uttarakhand))
                          (Asian Medieval History (740-1100 AD)

                                 By: Bhishma Kukreti
              Ishtgandev was son of Nimbar.
                In Lalitshur inscription his title is Parambhattarak Maharajdhiraj Parmeshwar. The title shows that he was wise to take benefits of infighting among kings of Central India.
          He is called devotee of Brahman. The appreciating adjective for Ishtgandev shows that by now, Brahmins got very much importance in the society and politics of Uttarakhand.
 In Lalitshur inscription, his queen name is Vegdevi and in Bhudev inscription his queen’s name is Dharadevi.
           The inscriptions suggest that he broke the heads of elephants. That means a king from plains or army chief of king Nagbhatt attacked on Katyuri kingdom and Ishtgandev participated in the battle and won the battle.


Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti -bckukreti@gmail.com 16/7//2013
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
   
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand) to be continued… Part -100
Indian History of Katyuri Dynasty in Kumaon, Garhwal and Haridwar (Uttarakhand) to be continued…11
    (Indian Medieval Age History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar (Uttarakhand) to be continued…)
    (Asian Medieval History (740-1100 AD to be continued…)

                                        References
A1- Agrawal, D.P., J.S Kharkwal, 1998, Central Himalayas: an archeological, linguistic and cultural synthesis 
1-Atkinson, E.T. 1974 (new edition), 1974, Kumaon Hills
1A- Adhikari, Suryamani, 1997, The Khasa Kingdom
1B- Chandola, Khemanand, 1987, Across Himalayas through Ages: a study of relations between central Himalayas and western Tibet
2--Chaurasiya, Radhey Shyam, 2002, History of Ancient India: Earliest time to 1000AD
3--Dabral, Shiv Prasad Dabral, 1968, Uttarakhand ka Itihas, Bhag-3 Pages 429-513)
3A- Elliot and Dowson, History of Indian (2nd part)
4--Handa, O.C. 2002, history of Uttaranchal, Indus Publishing Company, New Delhi 27, page 22-44
4A- Joshi, M.C., 1990, Uttaranchal (Kumaon-Garhwal) Himalaya: an essay in historical anthropology 
5-Linrothe, Rob, 1999, Ruthless Compassion: Wrathful Deities in Early Indo Tibetan Esoteric Buddhist Art
6-Mishra, Nityanand, Source Materials of Kumaon History 
7-Mishra Baldev Prasad, Nepal ka Itihas
8- Pandey, B.D, 1937, new edition (1990), Kumaon ka Itihas
9- Pandey, Ram Niwas, 1997, Making of Modern Nepal, page 170
10-Rawat, Ajay S., 19 Garhwal Himalayas: A Study in Historical Perspective 
11-Satyankritan, Rahul, Garhwal
11A-Saklani, Dinesh Prasad, 1998, Ancient Communities of The Himalayas
11B- Tripathi, Ramdatt , Katyur ka Itihas
 12-Notes on Archeological Aspects of Uttarakhand: ascidehraduncircle.in/uttrakhand.html
13-Indian Archeology: A review, (edited by D. Mitra) 1979-80
14- Epigraphia  Indica 1982, Vol. XIII

Xxx                              xx
Notes on Asian Medieval History of Nimbar/Nimbart Katyuri Family Kings of Uttarakhand; Asian Medieval History of Nimbar/Nimbart Katyuri Family Kings of Dehradun, Uttarakhand; Asian Medieval History of Nimbar/Nimbart Katyuri Family Kings of Jaunsar Bhabar, Uttarakhand; Asian Medieval History of Nimbar/Nimbart Katyuri Family Kings of Ravain Uttarakhand; Asian Medieval History of Nimbar/Nimbart Katyuri Family Kings of Uttarkashi Uttarakhand; Asian Medieval History of Nimbar/Nimbart Katyuri Family Kings of Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Asian Medieval History of Nimbar/Nimbart Katyuri Family Kings of Chamoli Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Asian Medieval History of Nimbar/Nimbart Katyuri Family Kings of Rudraprayag Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Asian Medieval History of Nimbar/Nimbart Katyuri Family Kings of Pauri Uttarakhand; Asian Medieval History of Nimbar/Nimbart Katyuri Family Kings of Pandukeshwar, Uttarakhand; Asian Medieval History of Nimbar/Nimbart Katyuri Family Kings of Joshimath Uttarakhand; Asian Medieval History of Nimbar/Nimbart Katyuri Family Kings of Neeti valley Uttarakhand; Asian Medieval History of Nimbar/Nimbart Katyuri Family Kings of Mana valley Uttarakhand; Asian Medieval History of Nimbar/Nimbart Katyuri Family Kings of Pindar valley Garhwal Uttarakhand; Asian Medieval History of Nimbar/Nimbart Katyuri Family Kings of Valley of Flower valley Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Asian Medieval History of Nimbar/Nimbart Katyuri Family Kings of Askot, Kumaon Uttarakhand; Asian Medieval History of Nimbar/Nimbart Katyuri Family Kings of Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Asian Medieval History of Nimbar/Nimbart Katyuri Family Kings of Doti, Nepal; Asian Medieval History of Nimbar/Nimbart Katyuri Family Kings of Pithoragarh  Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Asian Medieval History of Nimbar/Nimbart Katyuri Family Kings of Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Asian Medieval History of Nimbar/Nimbart Katyuri Family Kings of Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Asian Medieval History of Nimbar/Nimbart Katyuri Family Kings of Champawat,  Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Asian Medieval History of Nimbar/Nimbart Katyuri Family Kings of Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Asian Medieval History of Nimbar/Nimbart Katyuri Family Kings of Bageshwar, Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Asian Medieval History of Nimbar/Nimbart Katyuri Family Kings of Kanda Bageshwar, Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Asian Medieval History of Nimbar/Nimbart Katyuri Family Kings of Kapkot, Bageshwar, Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Asian Medieval History of Nimbar/Nimbart Katyuri Family Kings of Tharap Bageshwar, Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Asian Medieval History of Nimbar/Nimbart Katyuri Family Kings of Agrikot Bageshwar, Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Asian Medieval History of Nimbar/Nimbart Katyuri Family Kings of Syakot Bageshwar, Kumaon, Uttarakhand to be continued…

Bhishma Kukreti

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North Indian Medieval History of Lalitshurdev a Nimbar/Nimbart Katyuri Family King


History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar) - Part 100
 
   North Indian Early Medieval History of Katyuri Imperialism in Kumaon, Garhwal and Haridwar (Uttarakhand) -11

          (North Indian Medieval Age History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar (Uttarakhand))
                          (Asian Medieval History (740-1100 AD)

                                 By: Bhishma Kukreti

              The copper inscriptions by Lalitshurdev a Katyuri King suggest that Lalitshurdev ruled from 832-854 or just after 854AD. The ruling period of Nimbart and Ishtgandev would be from 800-832 (Dr. Dabral).
        There are two copperplate inscriptions of Lalitshurdev for detailing about administration of Katyuri King Lalitshurdev. There are descriptions on inscriptions of his predecessors too.
         Lalitshurdev got kingdom from his father Ishtgandev.
           The title for Lalitshurdev Katyuri is Parambhattarak Maharajdhiraj Parmeshwar. Lalitshurdev declared himself as the devotee of Brahminical culture –Parammaheshwar Parambrahmanya.
 He is described as energetic, brave king and was compared with Prithu, Kirtibij and Gopal. There are effects of Pal inscriptions on these inscriptions.
                         Donation to Temples by Lalitshurdev Katyuri King

          Samadevi one of queens of Lalitshurdev built Narayan temple in Gorunassa village near Kartikeypur.
  Shripurush Bhatt built a Narayan temple in Garudashram. Lalitshurdev donated land for both the temples.
 There are mentions of Tapovan.
                      Family of Lalitshurdev
   Lalitshurdev had two queens. Samadevi was Mahadevi or elder queen. Another queen was Layadevi. Layadevi had son Bhudev. Bhudev became the successor of Lalitshurdev.
                         Tribes in Lalitshurdev Period
 There are names of castes as-Khas, Drabid, Kaling, Gaud, Ud, Andhra, Chandal, Kirat Hun, Medh in the inscriptions of Lalitshurdev.

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti -bckukreti@gmail.com 18/7//2013
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
   
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand) to be continued… Part -101
North Indian History of Katyuri Dynasty in Kumaon, Garhwal and Haridwar (Uttarakhand) to be continued…12
    (North Indian Medieval Age History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar (Uttarakhand) to be continued…)
    (Asian Medieval History (740-1100 AD to be continued…)

                                        References
A1- Agrawal, D.P., J.S Kharkwal, 1998, Central Himalayas: an archeological, linguistic and cultural synthesis 
1-Atkinson, E.T. 1974 (new edition), 1974, Kumaon Hills
1A- Adhikari, Suryamani, 1997, The Khasa Kingdom
1B- Chandola, Khemanand, 1987, Across Himalayas through Ages: a study of relations between central Himalayas and western Tibet
2--Chaurasiya, Radhey Shyam, 2002, History of Ancient India: Earliest time to 1000AD
3--Dabral, Shiv Prasad Dabral, 1968, Uttarakhand ka Itihas, Bhag-3 Pages 429-513)
3A- Elliot and Dowson, History of Indian (2nd part)
4--Handa, O.C. 2002, history of Uttaranchal, Indus Publishing Company, New Delhi 27, page 22-44
4A- Joshi, M.C., 1990, Uttaranchal (Kumaon-Garhwal) Himalaya: an essay in historical anthropology 
5-Linrothe, Rob, 1999, Ruthless Compassion: Wrathful Deities in Early Indo Tibetan Esoteric Buddhist Art
6-Mishra, Nityanand, Source Materials of Kumaon History 
7-Mishra Baldev Prasad, Nepal ka Itihas
8- Pandey, B.D, 1937, new edition (1990), Kumaon ka Itihas
9- Pandey, Ram Niwas, 1997, Making of Modern Nepal, page 170
10-Rawat, Ajay S., 19 Garhwal Himalayas: A Study in Historical Perspective 
11-Satyankritan, Rahul, Garhwal
11A-Saklani, Dinesh Prasad, 1998, Ancient Communities of The Himalayas
11B- Tripathi, Ramdatt , Katyur ka Itihas
 12-Notes on Archeological Aspects of Uttarakhand: ascidehraduncircle.in/uttrakhand.html
13-Indian Archeology: A review, (edited by D. Mitra) 1979-80
14- Epigraphia  Indica 1982, Vol. XIII

Xxx                              xx
Notes on North Indian Medieval History of Lalitshurdev Katyuri King of Uttarakhand; North Indian Medieval History of Lalitshurdev Katyuri King of Joshimath region, Uttarakhand; North Indian Medieval History of Lalitshurdev Katyuri King of Badrinath region, Uttarakhand; North Indian Medieval History of Lalitshurdev Katyuri King of Chamoli Garhwal Uttarakhand; North Indian Medieval History of Lalitshurdev Katyuri King of Pithoragarh Uttarakhand; North Indian Medieval History of Lalitshurdev Katyuri King of Tehri Garhwal Uttarakhand; North Indian Medieval History of Lalitshurdev Katyuri King of Uttarkashi Uttarakhand; North Indian Medieval History of Lalitshurdev Katyuri King of Champawat Uttarakhand; North Indian Medieval History of Lalitshurdev Katyuri King of Bageshwar Uttarakhand; North Indian Medieval History of Lalitshurdev Katyuri King of Dehradun Uttarakhand; North Indian Medieval History of Lalitshurdev Katyuri King of Almora Uttarakhand; North Indian Medieval History of Lalitshurdev Katyuri King of Nainital Uttarakhand; North Indian Medieval History of  Udham Singh Nagar Uttarakhand;

Bhishma Kukreti

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 Himalayan Medieval History of Bhudev: a Nimbar/Nimbart Katyuri Family King


History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar) - Part 101
 
   Himalayan Medieval History of Katyuri Imperialism in Kumaon, Garhwal and Haridwar (Uttarakhand) -12

          (North Indian Medieval Age History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar (Uttarakhand))
                          (Asian Medieval History (740-1100 AD)

                                 By: Bhishma Kukreti

  Dr. Dabral suggests the ruling period of Bhudev a Katyuri king of Nimbar or Nimbart Katyuri family from 854-876 AD approximately.
  No original inscription of Bhudev is available. Atkinson provided the translation of Bhudev inscription. Bhudev was son of Lalitshurdev from his second queen Layadevi.
        His title was Pattambhattarak Maharajdhiraj Parmeshwar. He was strong devotee of Brahminical system and was against Buddh-Shravan or Buddhism. However, there are no evidence for his bad behaviors towards Buddhists in the region.

       The availability of Gurjar Pratihar dynasty (836-1081) coins found in Saharanpur suggest that some part of plains of present Uttarakhand especially Haridwar region might have been under non Katyuri kings too.


Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti -bckukreti@gmail.com 19/7//2013
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
   
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand) to be continued… Part -102
Himalayan Medieval History of Katyuri Dynasty in Kumaon, Garhwal and Haridwar (Uttarakhand) to be continued…13
    (Himalayan Medieval Age History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar (Uttarakhand) to be continued…)
    (Asian Medieval History (740-1100 AD to be continued…)

                                        References
A1- Agrawal, D.P., J.S Kharkwal, 1998, Central Himalayas: an archeological, linguistic and cultural synthesis 
1-Atkinson, E.T. 1974 (new edition), 1974, Kumaon Hills
1A- Adhikari, Suryamani, 1997, The Khasa Kingdom
1B- Chandola, Khemanand, 1987, Across Himalayas through Ages: a study of relations between central Himalayas and western Tibet
2--Chaurasiya, Radhey Shyam, 2002, History of Ancient India: Earliest time to 1000AD
3--Dabral, Shiv Prasad Dabral, 1968, Uttarakhand ka Itihas, Bhag-3 Pages 429-513)
3A- Elliot and Dowson, History of Indian (2nd part)
4--Handa, O.C. 2002, history of Uttaranchal, Indus Publishing Company, New Delhi 27, page 22-44
4A- Joshi, M.C., 1990, Uttaranchal (Kumaon-Garhwal) Himalaya: an essay in historical anthropology 
5-Linrothe, Rob, 1999, Ruthless Compassion: Wrathful Deities in Early Indo Tibetan Esoteric Buddhist Art
6-Mishra, Nityanand, Source Materials of Kumaon History 
7-Mishra Baldev Prasad, Nepal ka Itihas
8- Pandey, B.D, 1937, new edition (1990), Kumaon ka Itihas
9- Pandey, Ram Niwas, 1997, Making of Modern Nepal, page 170
10-Rawat, Ajay S., 19 Garhwal Himalayas: A Study in Historical Perspective 
11-Satyankritan, Rahul, Garhwal
11A-Saklani, Dinesh Prasad, 1998, Ancient Communities of The Himalayas
11B- Tripathi, Ramdatt , Katyur ka Itihas
 12-Notes on Archeological Aspects of Uttarakhand: ascidehraduncircle.in/uttrakhand.html
13-Indian Archeology: A review, (edited by D. Mitra) 1979-80
14- Epigraphia  Indica 1982, Vol. XIII

Xxx                              xx
Notes on Himalayan Medieval History of Bhudev: a Nimbar/Nimbart Katyuri Family King; Himalayan Medieval History of Bhudev: a Nimbar/Nimbart Katyuri Family King ruling Pithoragarh Kumaon; Himalayan Medieval History of Bhudev: a Nimbar/Nimbart Katyuri Family King ruling Askot Kumaon; Himalayan Medieval History of Bhudev: a Nimbar/Nimbart Katyuri Family King ruling Doti Nepal; Himalayan Medieval History of Bhudev: a Nimbar/Nimbart Katyuri Family King ruling Champawat Kumaon; Himalayan Medieval History of Bhudev: a Nimbar/Nimbart Katyuri Family King ruling Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon; Himalayan Medieval History of Bhudev: a Nimbar/Nimbart Katyuri Family King ruling Nainital Kumaon; Himalayan Medieval History of Bhudev: a Nimbar/Nimbart Katyuri Family King ruling Bageshwar Kumaon; Himalayan Medieval History of Bhudev: a Nimbar/Nimbart Katyuri Family King ruling Almora Kumaon; Himalayan Medieval History of Bhudev: a Nimbar/Nimbart Katyuri Family King ruling Baidyanath Kumaon; Himalayan Medieval History of Bhudev: a Nimbar/Nimbart Katyuri Family King ruling Joshimath region Garhwal; Himalayan Medieval History of Bhudev: a Nimbar/Nimbart Katyuri Family King ruling Tapovan region Garhwal; Himalayan Medieval History of Bhudev: a Nimbar/Nimbart Katyuri Family King ruling Badrinath valley region Garhwal; Himalayan Medieval History of Bhudev: a Nimbar/Nimbart Katyuri Family King ruling Hemkund region Garhwal; Himalayan Medieval History of Bhudev: a Nimbar/Nimbart Katyuri Family King ruling Neeti valley region Garhwal; Himalayan Medieval History of Bhudev: a Nimbar/Nimbart Katyuri Family King ruling Chamoli  Garhwal; Himalayan Medieval History of Bhudev: a Nimbar/Nimbart Katyuri Family King ruling Kedar valley region Garhwal; Himalayan Medieval History of Bhudev: a Nimbar/Nimbart Katyuri Family King ruling Rudraprayag region Garhwal; Himalayan Medieval History of Bhudev: a Nimbar/Nimbart Katyuri Family King ruling Tehri region Garhwal; Himalayan Medieval History of Bhudev: a Nimbar/Nimbart Katyuri Family King ruling Uttarkashi region Garhwal; Himalayan Medieval History of Bhudev: a Nimbar/Nimbart Katyuri Family King ruling Pauri region Garhwal; Himalayan Medieval History of Bhudev: a Nimbar/Nimbart Katyuri Family King ruling Bhabhar region Garhwal..

Bhishma Kukreti

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Central Himalayan Early Medieval Age History of Salonaditya Katyuri Dynasty Kingdom


History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar) - Part 102
 
   Central Himalayan Early Medieval Age History of Katyuri Imperialism in Kumaon, Garhwal and Haridwar (Uttarakhand) -13

          (Central Himalayan Early Medieval Age History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar (Uttarakhand))
                          (Asian Medieval History (740-1100 AD)

                                 By: Bhishma Kukreti

                Salonaditya: Founder of Salonaditya Katyuri Dynasty Kingdom

                  There are copper inscriptions of family of Salonaditya Katyuri Dynasty kings –Solanaditya, Deshat, Padmat, and Subhikshtaj.
It seems Salonaditya took over rule around 876 or 880
              In inscriptions, Salonaditya is described as who got kingdom by his power. Solanaditya is also described as enemy crusher.  That suggests that Salonaditya snatched kingdom either from Bhudev Katyuri of Nimbar dynasty. Since, Salonaditya Katyuri did not have title of Maharajdhiraj that shows that he was under another kingdom as feudal system (where the king pays tax to stronger ruler).   
  The Pratihar king Bhoj of Kanyakubj (Kanauj) wanted to win over northern belt kingdoms. However, could not do so because of heavy resistance from his neighboring kings.
        Pratihar King Bhoj died in 885. His successor or Mahendrapal contended his kingdom and extended too. However after death of Mahendrapal (908) , the Pal  dynasty kingdom was disintegrated.   
 Due to these historical events, Salonaditya nor his son Icchatdev could get title of Parambhattarak Mahrajdhiraj Parmeshwar. 
     There are exaggerated adjectives more than Nimbar family used in praise of Salonaditya dynasty kings in the inscriptions as characters of great donors, stronger, truthful, patience, forgiver etc. They were greater than kings as Sagar, Dilip, Mandhata, Dhundhmar, Bhagirath etc.
   Bhagwati Nanda Devi blessed Salonaditya. His queen name was Maharani Sidhvalidevi.
 There is less information available for Salonaditya Katyuri king. 

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti -bckukreti@gmail.com 20/7//2013
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
   
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand) to be continued… Part -103
Central Himalayan Medieval History of Katyuri Dynasty in Kumaon, Garhwal and Haridwar (Uttarakhand) to be continued…14
    (Central Himalayan Early Medieval Age History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar (Uttarakhand) to be continued…)
    (Asian Medieval Age  History (740-1100 AD to be continued…)

                                        References
A1- Agrawal, D.P., J.S Kharkwal, 1998, Central Himalayas: an archeological, linguistic and cultural synthesis 
1-Atkinson, E.T. 1974 (new edition), 1974, Kumaon Hills
1A- Adhikari, Suryamani, 1997, The Khasa Kingdom
1B- Chandola, Khemanand, 1987, Across Himalayas through Ages: a study of relations between central Himalayas and western Tibet
2--Chaurasiya, Radhey Shyam, 2002, History of Ancient India: Earliest time to 1000AD
3--Dabral, Shiv Prasad Dabral, 1968, Uttarakhand ka Itihas, Bhag-3 Pages 429-513)
3A- Elliot and Dowson, History of Indian (2nd part)
4--Handa, O.C. 2002, history of Uttaranchal, Indus Publishing Company, New Delhi 27, page 22-44
4A- Joshi, M.C., 1990, Uttaranchal (Kumaon-Garhwal) Himalaya: an essay in historical anthropology 
5-Linrothe, Rob, 1999, Ruthless Compassion: Wrathful Deities in Early Indo Tibetan Esoteric Buddhist Art
6-Mishra, Nityanand, Source Materials of Kumaon History 
7-Mishra Baldev Prasad, Nepal ka Itihas
8- Pandey, B.D, 1937, new edition (1990), Kumaon ka Itihas
9- Pandey, Ram Niwas, 1997, Making of Modern Nepal, page 170
10-Rawat, Ajay S., 19 Garhwal Himalayas: A Study in Historical Perspective 
11-Satyankritan, Rahul, Garhwal
11A-Saklani, Dinesh Prasad, 1998, Ancient Communities of The Himalayas
11B- Tripathi, Ramdatt , Katyur ka Itihas
 12-Notes on Archeological Aspects of Uttarakhand: ascidehraduncircle.in/uttrakhand.html
13-Indian Archeology: A review, (edited by D. Mitra) 1979-80
14- Epigraphia  Indica 1982, Vol. XIII

Xxx                              xx

Notes on Central Himalayan Early Medieval Age History of Salonaditya Katyuri Dynasty; Central Himalayan Early Medieval Age History of Salonaditya Katyuri Dynasty Territory in Pauri Garhwal; Mid Himalayan Early Medieval Age History of Salonaditya Katyuri Dynasty Kingdom in Chamoli Garhwal; Central Himalayan Early Medieval Age History of Salonaditya Katyuri Dynasty in Rudraprayag Garhwal; Central Himalayan Early Medieval Age History of Salonaditya Katyuri Dynasty in Uttarkashi Garhwal; Central Himalayan Early Medieval Age History of Salonaditya Katyuri Dynasty Realm in Tehri Garhwal; Central Himalayan Early Medieval Age History of Salonaditya Katyuri Dynasty in Dehradun Garhwal; Central Himalayan Early Medieval Age History of Salonaditya Katyuri Dynasty Rule in Haridwar ; Central Himalayan Early Medieval Age History of Salonaditya Katyuri empire Kingdom in Pithoragarh Kumaon ; Central Himalayan Early Medieval Age History of Salonaditya Katyuri Dynasty Kingdom in Doti Nepal; Central Himalayan Early Medieval Age History of Salonaditya Katyuri Dynasty Kingdom in Champawat Kumaon ; Central Himalayan Early Medieval Age History of Salonaditya Katyuri Dynasty territory in Dwarhat Kumaon ; Central Himalayan Early Medieval Age History of Salonaditya Katyuri family Kingdom in Bageshwar Kumaon ; middle Himalayan Early Medieval Age History of Salonaditya Katyuri Dynasty Kingdom in Almora Kumaon ; essential Himalayan Early Medieval Age History of Salonaditya Katyuri rule monarchy in Nainital Kumaon ; Central Himalayan Early Medieval Age History of Salonaditya Katyuri Dynasty empire in Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon to be continued…

Bhishma Kukreti

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Medhatithi: A Sanskrit Scholar and the First Commentator on Manusmiriti (Manubhashya) 

History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar) - Part 103
 
   Central Himalayan Early Medieval Age History of Katyuri Imperialism in Kumaon, Garhwal and Haridwar (Uttarakhand) -14

          (Central Himalayan Early Medieval Age History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar (Uttarakhand))
                          (Asian Medieval History (740-1100 AD)

                                 By: Bhishma Kukreti
  Medhatithi was first Sanskrit scholar who did commentary on Manusmriti a Dhramashastra. 
     There are debates on the birth place of Medhatithi the first commentator of Manusmriti. George Buhler argues that he was Kashmirian and P.V. Kane supports up to some extent the argument. Robert Lingat cancelled the argument of Medhatithi being a Kashmiri born Sanskrit scholar.
                Some historians suggest Medhatithi that he has been writing after 820-1050CE. Lingat suggests that he lived around between ninth century and tenth century. Dabral suggests the life of Medhatithi 825-900CE.
  Medhatithi discussed about Asahay and Kumaril types of scholars in his commentary. He did not discuss about Shankaracharya. However, there are various sentences those were used by Shankaracharya. 
 Julius Jolly argues that Medhatithi was inhabitant of south India.
Ramesh Chandra Majumdar discussed Medhatithi in his book Age of Imperial Kanauj (page 203).
                          Dev Prayag the Penance Place of Medhatithi

  It seems that Medhatithi was contemporary of Salonaditya a Katyuri king (876-908).
  There is a Shloka in Kedarkhand that puts light on Medhatithi
पूरा मेधातिथिनम अनूप द्विजसत्तम: I सूर्य्य भक्तिरतो नित्यं सूर्यमेवाभजत् सदा II.
सदैव सौर्मन्त्र वै जपंस्तस्थौ तु स्वे गृहेI एकदा मुनिशार्दूल गतो मेधातिथिर्मुनि II
देवप्रयागके क्षेत्रे तीर्थानामुत्तमोत्तमे I सौरकुण्डे महातीर्तः तीर्थानां प्रवरे शुभे II
तत्र गत्वा मुनि श्रेष्ठ तपश्च्क्रे महामति: I निराहारो वतात्मा वै निर्ममो नि:स्पृहः सुधीः II
       
                           ----Kedarkhand 155/4-8
    The Sholka narrates that Medhatithi did penance in Dev Prayag (confluence of Bhagirathi and Alaknanda Rivers in Garhwal).
  If Medhatithi did penance in Dev Prayag that means he worked on Manubhashya in Dev Prayag.
Kedarkhand suggest that work place of Medhatithi was Dev Prayag.
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti -bckukreti@gmail.com 21/7//2013
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
   
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand) to be continued… Part -104
Central Himalayan Medieval History of Katyuri Dynasty in Kumaon, Garhwal and Haridwar (Uttarakhand) to be continued…15
    (Central Himalayan Early Medieval Age History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar (Uttarakhand) to be continued…)
    (Asian Medieval Age History (740-1100 AD to be continued…)

                                        References
A1- Agrawal, D.P., J.S Kharkwal, 1998, Central Himalayas: an archeological, linguistic and cultural synthesis 
1-Atkinson, E.T. 1974 (new edition), 1974, Kumaon Hills
1A- Adhikari, Suryamani, 1997, The Khasa Kingdom
1B- Chandola, Khemanand, 1987, Across Himalayas through Ages: a study of relations between central Himalayas and western Tibet
2--Chaurasiya, Radhey Shyam, 2002, History of Ancient India: Earliest time to 1000AD
3--Dabral, Shiv Prasad Dabral, 1968, Uttarakhand ka Itihas, Bhag-3 Pages 429-513)
3A- Elliot and Dowson, History of Indian (2nd part)
4--Handa, O.C. 2002, history of Uttaranchal, Indus Publishing Company, New Delhi 27, page 22-44
4A- Joshi, M.C., 1990, Uttaranchal (Kumaon-Garhwal) Himalaya: an essay in historical anthropology 
5-Linrothe, Rob, 1999, Ruthless Compassion: Wrathful Deities in Early Indo Tibetan Esoteric Buddhist Art
6-Mishra, Nityanand, Source Materials of Kumaon History 
7-Mishra Baldev Prasad, Nepal ka Itihas
8- Pandey, B.D, 1937, new edition (1990), Kumaon ka Itihas
9- Pandey, Ram Niwas, 1997, Making of Modern Nepal, page 170
10-Rawat, Ajay S., 19 Garhwal Himalayas: A Study in Historical Perspective 
11-Satyankritan, Rahul, Garhwal
11A-Saklani, Dinesh Prasad, 1998, Ancient Communities of The Himalayas
11B- Tripathi, Ramdatt , Katyur ka Itihas
 12-Notes on Archeological Aspects of Uttarakhand: ascidehraduncircle.in/uttrakhand.html
13-Indian Archeology: A review, (edited by D. Mitra) 1979-80
14- Epigraphia  Indica 1982, Vol. XIII
15- Kane, P.V.1975, History of Dharmashastra
16- Lingat, Robert, 1973, The Classical laws of India 
17-Julius Jolly 1928, Hindu Law and Custom (translated by Balkrishna Ghos)
18-J.G. Buhler (his books as The laws of Manu on and detailed report on tour of Kashmir)
19-Manubhashya translated by Ganga Dhar Jha
Xxx                              xx
Notes on Birth place and work place of Medhatithi of Manubhashya; discussion on Birth place and work place of Medhatithi of Manubhashya by P.V.Kane; discussion on Birth place and work place of Medhatithi of Manubhashya by Robert Lingat; discussion on Birth place and work place of Medhatithi of Manubhashya by Buhler; discussion on Birth place and work place of Medhatithi of Manubhashya by Jolly; discussion on Birth place and work place of Medhatithi of Manubhashya by Majumdar; discussion on Birth place and work place of Medhatithi of Manubhashya by Dr Dabral; Shloka about Medhatithi in Kedarkhand 

Bhishma Kukreti

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South Asian Medieval History of Icchatdev: a Salonaditya Katyuri Dynasty King


History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar) - Part 104
 
   South Asian Medieval History of Katyuri Imperialism in Kumaon, Garhwal and Haridwar (Uttarakhand) -15

          (South Asian Medieval e History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar (Uttarakhand))
                          (South Asian Medieval History (740-1100 AD)

                                 By: Bhishma Kukreti

                Icchatdev was son of Salonaditya Katyuri.
            The title for Icchatdev is described on Katyuri inscriptions as Parambhattarak Maharajdhiraj Parmeshwar.
             Icchatdev did not order any administrative copper inscription. His successors describe Icchatdev nominally.
         The queen of Icchatdev was Sindhudevi. They had son Deshatdev who got crown after Icchatdev.
 The capital of Icchatdev was Kartikeypur.
         It seems that Icchatdev got the title only after the death of Pratihar king Mahendrapal (908) of Kanyakubja. Around 915, Rashrakul king reached Kanauj the capital of Kanyakubja. 
                    Neighboring Region

It seems that in this time Rohilkhand and Saharanpur were under Gurjar Pratihar kings. Bareli was still minting centre for coins Times of India22/6/2003. 
 There is no evidence for that Haridwar (Uttarakhand) was under Katyuri kingdom.
Mahasu temple ruins of Hanol (Dehradun) of ninth or tenth century do not vouch that Lakhamandal or Jaunsar region was under Katyuri kingdom.
 Same way Veerbhadra excavation site (three phases of today’s Haridwar-Dehradun border) site (7-8 centuries) do not provide any clue about Katyuri kingdom ruled this area.




Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti -bckukreti@gmail.com 22/7//2013
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
   
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand) to be continued… Part -105
Central Himalayan Medieval History of Katyuri Dynasty in Kumaon, Garhwal and Haridwar (Uttarakhand) to be continued…16
    (Central Himalayan Early Medieval Age History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar (Uttarakhand) to be continued…)
    (Asian Medieval Age History (740-1100 AD to be continued…)

                                        References
A1- Agrawal, D.P., J.S Kharkwal, 1998, Central Himalayas: an archeological, linguistic and cultural synthesis 
1-Atkinson, E.T. 1974 (new edition), 1974, Kumaon Hills
1A- Adhikari, Suryamani, 1997, The Khasa Kingdom
1B- Chandola, Khemanand, 1987, Across Himalayas through Ages: a study of relations between central Himalayas and western Tibet
2--Chaurasiya, Radhey Shyam, 2002, History of Ancient India: Earliest time to 1000AD
3--Dabral, Shiv Prasad Dabral, 1968, Uttarakhand ka Itihas, Bhag-3 Pages 429-513)
3A- Elliot and Dowson, History of Indian (2nd part)
4--Handa, O.C. 2002, history of Uttaranchal, Indus Publishing Company, New Delhi 27, page 22-44
4A- Joshi, M.C., 1990, Uttaranchal (Kumaon-Garhwal) Himalaya: an essay in historical anthropology 
5-Linrothe, Rob, 1999, Ruthless Compassion: Wrathful Deities in Early Indo Tibetan Esoteric Buddhist Art
6-Mishra, Nityanand, Source Materials of Kumaon History 
7-Mishra Baldev Prasad, Nepal ka Itihas
8- Pandey, B.D, 1937, new edition (1990), Kumaon ka Itihas
9- Pandey, Ram Niwas, 1997, Making of Modern Nepal, page 170
10-Rawat, Ajay S., 19 Garhwal Himalayas: A Study in Historical Perspective 
11-Satyankritan, Rahul, Garhwal
11A-Saklani, Dinesh Prasad, 1998, Ancient Communities of The Himalayas
11B- Tripathi, Ramdatt , Katyur ka Itihas
 12-Notes on Archeological Aspects of Uttarakhand: ascidehraduncircle.in/uttrakhand.html
13-Indian Archeology: A review, (edited by D. Mitra) 1979-80
14- Epigraphia  Indica 1982, Vol. XIII

Xxx                              xx
Notes on South Asian Medieval History of Icchatdev: a Salonaditya Katyuri Dynasty King; South Asian Medieval History of Icchatdev: a Salonaditya Katyuri Dynasty King of India; South Asian Medieval History of Icchatdev: a Salonaditya Katyuri Dynasty King of North India; South Asian Medieval History of Icchatdev: a Salonaditya Katyuri Dynasty King of Himalaya; South Asian Medieval History of Icchatdev: a Salonaditya Katyuri Dynasty King of Central Himalaya; South Asian Medieval History of Icchatdev: a Salonaditya Katyuri Dynasty King of Uttarakhand; South Asian Medieval History of Icchatdev: a Salonaditya Katyuri Dynasty King of Pithoragarh Kumaon; South Asian Medieval History of Icchatdev: a Salonaditya Katyuri Dynasty King of Bageshwar Kumaon; South Asian Medieval History of Icchatdev: a Salonaditya Katyuri Dynasty King of Champawat Kumaon; South Asian Medieval History of Icchatdev: a Salonaditya Katyuri Dynasty King of Nainital Kumaon; South Asian Medieval History of Icchatdev: a Salonaditya Katyuri Dynasty King of Almora Kumaon; South Asian Medieval History of Icchatdev: a Salonaditya Katyuri Dynasty King of Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon; South Asian Medieval History of Icchatdev: a Salonaditya Katyuri Dynasty King of Pauri Garhwal; South Asian Medieval History of Icchatdev: a Salonaditya Katyuri Dynasty King of Chamoli Garhwal ; South Asian Medieval History of Icchatdev: a Salonaditya Katyuri Dynasty King of Rudraprayag Garhwal; South Asian Medieval History of Icchatdev: a Salonaditya Katyuri Dynasty King of Tehri Garhwal; South Asian Medieval History of Icchatdev: a Salonaditya Katyuri Dynasty King of Uttarkashi Garhwal; South Asian Medieval History of Icchatdev: a Salonaditya Katyuri Dynasty King of Dehradun ; South Asian Medieval History of Icchatdev: a Salonaditya Katyuri Dynasty King of Haridwar

Bhishma Kukreti

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Early Medieval Asian History of Deshatdev:  a Salonaditya Katyuri Dynasty King

History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar) - Part 105
 
   Early Medieval South Asian Medieval History of Katyuri Imperialism in Kumaon, Garhwal and Haridwar (Uttarakhand) -16

          (Early Asian Medieval History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar (Uttarakhand))
                          (Early Asian Medieval History (740-1100 AD)

                                 By: Bhishma Kukreti

  The son of Icchatdev Deshatdev took the title –Parambhattarak Maharajdhiraj Parmeshwar. The inscriptions of his successors described him as Parammaheshwar Prambramanya. He used to help poor, orphans, and helpless people. It is describe on inscriptions that he used to donate gold to Brahmins coming to his region from all directions. Deshatdev deciphered conspiries of his enemies. He was religious.
 Khujraho inscription state that Harsh Chandel (900-925) had conflict with a Khas king. Court poet Rajshekhar of Mahipal described the king of Kartikeyanagar as Khas king. It seems looking weakness of Mahipal, Deshatdev might have tried extension is rule to plains.
 His capital was Kartikeypur.
His queen name was Mahadevi Padmalldevi.

                    Land donation to temples
 

 The Deshatdev inscriptions state that he donated Yamuna village of Esal region to Vijayeshwar temple.
 The Jageshwar temple inscriptions suggest that the pilgrims from Bengal, Bihar, Magadha and other Indian places used to visit Uttarakhand.
              Deshatdev used to respect and donate gifts to scholars and Brahmins.


Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti -bckukreti@gmail.com 23/7/2013
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
   
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand) to be continued… Part -106
Early Asian Medieval History of Katyuri Dynasty in Kumaon, Garhwal and Haridwar (Uttarakhand) to be continued…17
    (Early Asian Medieval Age History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar (Uttarakhand) to be continued…)
    (Early Asian Medieval Age History (740-1100 AD to be continued…)

                                        References
A1- Agrawal, D.P., J.S Kharkwal, 1998, Central Himalayas: an archeological, linguistic and cultural synthesis 
1-Atkinson, E.T. 1974 (new edition), 1974, Kumaon Hills
1A- Adhikari, Suryamani, 1997, The Khasa Kingdom
1B- Chandola, Khemanand, 1987, Across Himalayas through Ages: a study of relations between central Himalayas and western Tibet
2--Chaurasiya, Radhey Shyam, 2002, History of Ancient India: Earliest time to 1000AD
3--Dabral, Shiv Prasad , 1968, Uttarakhand ka Itihas, Bhag-3 Pages 429-513)
3A- Elliot and Dowson, History of Indian (2nd part)
4--Handa, O.C. 2002, history of Uttaranchal, Indus Publishing Company, New Delhi 27, page 22-44
4A- Joshi, M.C., 1990, Uttaranchal (Kumaon-Garhwal) Himalaya: an essay in historical anthropology 
5-Linrothe, Rob, 1999, Ruthless Compassion: Wrathful Deities in Early Indo Tibetan Esoteric Buddhist Art
6-Mishra, Nityanand, Source Materials of Kumaon History 
7-Mishra Baldev Prasad, Nepal ka Itihas
8- Pandey, B.D, 1937, new edition (1990), Kumaon ka Itihas
9- Pandey, Ram Niwas, 1997, Making of Modern Nepal, page 170
10-Rawat, Ajay S., 19 Garhwal Himalayas: A Study in Historical Perspective 
11-Satyankritan, Rahul, Garhwal
11A-Saklani, Dinesh Prasad, 1998, Ancient Communities of The Himalayas
11B- Tripathi, Ramdatt , Katyur ka Itihas
 12-Notes on Archeological Aspects of Uttarakhand: ascidehraduncircle.in/uttrakhand.html
13-Indian Archeology: A review, (edited by D. Mitra) 1979-80
14- Epigraphia  Indica 1982, Vol. XIII

Xxx                              xx
Notes on Early Medieval Asian History of Deshatdev:  a Salonaditya Katyuri Dynasty King; Early Medieval Asian History of Pauri Garhwal about Deshatdev:  a Salonaditya Katyuri Dynasty King; Early  Medieval Asian History of Lansdowne Garhwal about Deshatdev:  a Salonaditya Katyuri Dynasty King; Early Asian Medieval History of Salan region Garhwal about Deshatdev:  a Salonaditya Katyuri Dynasty King; Early  Medieval Asian History of Rath region Garhwal about Deshatdev:  a Salonaditya Katyuri Dynasty King; Early Asian Medieval History of Chamoli Garhwal about Deshatdev:  a Salonaditya Katyuri Dynasty King; Early Asian Medieval History of Badrinath Valley Garhwal about Deshatdev:  a Salonaditya Katyuri Dynasty King; Early Asian Medieval History of Kedarnath valley Garhwal about Deshatdev:  a Salonaditya Katyuri Dynasty King; Early Asian Medieval History of Neeti valley Garhwal about Deshatdev:  a Salonaditya Katyuri Dynasty King; Early Asian Medieval History of Kedar valley Garhwal about Deshatdev:  a Salonaditya Katyuri Dynasty King; Early Asian Medieval History of Tehri Garhwal about Deshatdev:  a Salonaditya Katyuri Dynasty King; Early  Medieval Asian History of Garhwal about Deshatdev:  a Salonaditya Katyuri Dynasty King; Early Asian Medieval History of Hemkund region Garhwal about Deshatdev:  a Salonaditya Katyuri Dynasty King; Early  Medieval Asian History of Rudraprayag Garhwal about Deshatdev:  a Salonaditya Katyuri Dynasty King;Early Asian Medieval History of Askot Kumaon about Deshatdev:  a Salonaditya Katyuri Dynasty King; Early  Medieval Asian History of Johar Kumaon about Deshatdev:  a Salonaditya Katyuri Dynasty King; Early Asian Medieval History of Doti Nepal  about Deshatdev:  a Salonaditya Katyuri Dynasty King; Early Asian Medieval History of Jageshwar Kumaon about Deshatdev:  a Salonaditya Katyuri Dynasty King; Early Asian Medieval History of Pithoragarh Kumaon about Deshatdev:  a Salonaditya Katyuri Dynasty King; Early Asian Medieval History of Bageshwar Kumaon about Deshatdev:  a Salonaditya Katyuri Dynasty King; Early Asian Medieval History of Champawat Kumaon about Deshatdev:  a Salonaditya Katyuri Dynasty King; Early Asian Medieval History of Almora Kumaon about Deshatdev:  a Salonaditya Katyuri Dynasty King; Early  Medieval Asian History of Nainital Kumaon about Deshatdev:  a Salonaditya Katyuri Dynasty King..

Bhishma Kukreti

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A Katyuri King Padmatdev: A chapter on Oriental Early Medieval History

History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar) - Part 106
 
   Early Medieval South Asian Medieval History of Katyuri Imperialism in Kumaon, Garhwal and Haridwar (Uttarakhand) -17

          (Early Asian Medieval History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar (Uttarakhand))
                          (Early Asian Medieval History (740-1100 AD)

                                 By: Bhishma Kukreti
                The Katyuri inscriptions from Uttarakhand describe the title of Padmatdev as Parambhattarak Maharajdhiraj Parmeshwar. Padmatdev Is described as Parammaheshwar Parambrahmanya.
          The inscriptions of his son Subhikshraj describes that he won territories by his strength. Inscriptions call him as the nurturer of earth. Padmatdev used to donate elephants, horses and jewels.

                     Pratihar Attack?

                    Padmatdev was son of Deshatdev.
               Padmatdev was strongest the most among Katyuri kings. It seems that Padmatdev was contemporary of Pratihar king Devpal and Chandeel king Yashovarman. The Khajuraho inscriptions of Yasovarman Chandel state that he attacked on Himalayan region. However, it is not mentioned that he won the territory. Yashovarman got crown after 925 AD. Yasovarman was under Devpal up to certain period.  However, the titles of Padmatdev suggest that Padmatdev Katyuri was never under any Chandel or Pratihar king. There might be conflict or battle between Yasovarman and Padmatdev Katyuri but the battle might have been no win no loss situation.
  His capital was in Kartikeypur. His queen name was Mahadevi Disaldevi.

                     Land donation by Padmatdev

               The Katyuri inscriptions state that Padmatdev donated land for Badrinath temple for sacrifice, perfumes, rice, musical instruments, dance and other ritual expenses.
His son was Subhikshraj.
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti -bckukreti@gmail.com 24/7/2013
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
   
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand) to be continued… Part -107
Early Asian Medieval History of Katyuri Dynasty in Kumaon, Garhwal and Haridwar (Uttarakhand) to be continued…18
    (Oriental Early Medieval Age History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar (Uttarakhand) to be continued…)
    (Oriental Early  Medieval Age History (740-1100 AD to be continued…)

                                        References
A1- Agrawal, D.P., J.S Kharkwal, 1998, Central Himalayas: an archeological, linguistic and cultural synthesis 
1-Atkinson, E.T. 1974 (new edition), 1974, Kumaon Hills
1A- Adhikari, Suryamani, 1997, The Khasa Kingdom
1B- Chandola, Khemanand, 1987, Across Himalayas through Ages: a study of relations between central Himalayas and western Tibet
2--Chaurasiya, Radhey Shyam, 2002, History of Ancient India: Earliest time to 1000AD
3--Dabral, Shiv Prasad , 1968, Uttarakhand ka Itihas, Bhag-3 Pages 429-513)
3A- Elliot and Dowson, History of Indian (2nd part)
4--Handa, O.C. 2002, history of Uttaranchal, Indus Publishing Company, New Delhi 27, page 22-44
4A- Joshi, M.C., 1990, Uttaranchal (Kumaon-Garhwal) Himalaya: an essay in historical anthropology 
5-Linrothe, Rob, 1999, Ruthless Compassion: Wrathful Deities in Early Indo Tibetan Esoteric Buddhist Art
6-Mishra, Nityanand, Source Materials of Kumaon History 
7-Mishra Baldev Prasad, Nepal ka Itihas
8- Pandey, B.D, 1937, new edition (1990), Kumaon ka Itihas
9- Pandey, Ram Niwas, 1997, Making of Modern Nepal, page 170
10-Rawat, Ajay S., 19 Garhwal Himalayas: A Study in Historical Perspective 
11-Satyankritan, Rahul, Garhwal
11A-Saklani, Dinesh Prasad, 1998, Ancient Communities of The Himalayas
11B- Tripathi, Ramdatt , Katyur ka Itihas
 12-Notes on Archeological Aspects of Uttarakhand: ascidehraduncircle.in/uttrakhand.html
13-Indian Archeology: A review, (edited by D. Mitra) 1979-80
14- Epigraphia  Indica 1982, Vol. XIII

Xxx                              xx
Oriental Early Medieval History of Katyuri Imperialism; Oriental Early Medieval History of Katyuri Imperialism in Pithoragarh Kumaon; Oriental Early Medieval History of Katyuri Imperialism in Bageshwar Kumaon; Oriental Early Medieval History of Katyuri Imperialism in Champawat Kumaon; Oriental Early Medieval History of Katyuri Imperialism in Almora Kumaon; Oriental Early Medieval History of Katyuri Imperialism in Dwarhat Kumaon; Oriental Early Medieval History of Katyuri Imperialism in Nainital Kumaon; Oriental Early Medieval History of Katyuri Imperialism in Uttarakhand Kumaon; Oriental Early Medieval History of Katyuri Imperialism in Pindar valley Garhwal; Oriental Early Medieval History of Katyuri Imperialism in Badrinath valley Garhwal; Oriental Early Medieval History of Katyuri Imperialism in Chamoli Garhwal; Oriental Early Medieval History of Katyuri Imperialism in Rudraprayag Garhwal; Oriental Early Medieval History of Katyuri Imperialism in Uttarkashi Garhwal; Oriental Early Medieval History of Katyuri Imperialism in Tehri Garhwal; Oriental Early Medieval History of Katyuri Imperialism in Pauri Garhwal; Oriental Early Medieval History of Katyuri Imperialism in Lansdowne region Garhwal..

Bhishma Kukreti

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Asian Medieval Histography of Katyuri King Subhikshairaj

History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar) - Part 107
 
   Early Medieval South Asian Medieval History of Katyuri Imperialism in Kumaon, Garhwal and Haridwar (Uttarakhand) -18

          (Early Asian Medieval History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar (Uttarakhand))
                          (Early Asian Medieval History (740-1100 AD)

                                 By: Bhishma Kukreti

          Son of Katyuri king Padmatadev was Subhikshairaj. His title was Parambhattarak Maharajdhiraj Parmeshwar.
                    The Katyuri inscriptions describe Subhikshairaj as Param Vaishnava (devotee of Vishnu) and ParamBrahmany(believer of Brahminical system). Subhikshairaj rules as per code of conducts. The Katyuri King Subhikshairaj was famous and destroyer of enemies. The Katyuri King Subhikshairaj was famous for destroying prosperity of enemies. He destroyed the pride of his opponents.

                                     Capital of Katyuri King Subhikshairaj
         The Katyuri King Subhikshairaj established a new capital as Subhikshpur.  The new Katyuri capital would be near Kartikeypur or nearby Joshimath.
           The archeological excavations and researches show that there are temples and other historic materials of post Gupta period in Mana, Tapovan,Rein, Subhaein, nearby Joshimath (thdc.gov.in/writereaddata/pdf/VOL5.pdf, 29 December 2008). The above information suggests that Subhikshpur was nearby Joshimath.   
 

           



Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti -bckukreti@gmail.com 25/7/2013
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
   
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand) to be continued… Part -108
Early Asian Medieval History of Katyuri Dynasty in Kumaon, Garhwal and Haridwar (Uttarakhand) to be continued…19
    (Oriental Early Medieval Age History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar (Uttarakhand) to be continued…)
    (Oriental Early  Medieval Age History (740-1100 AD to be continued…)

                                        References
A1- Agrawal, D.P., J.S Kharkwal, 1998, Central Himalayas: an archeological, linguistic and cultural synthesis 
1-Atkinson, E.T. 1974 (new edition), 1974, Kumaon Hills
1A- Adhikari, Suryamani, 1997, The Khasa Kingdom
1B- Chandola, Khemanand, 1987, Across Himalayas through Ages: a study of relations between central Himalayas and western Tibet
2--Chaurasiya, Radhey Shyam, 2002, History of Ancient India: Earliest time to 1000AD
3--Dabral, Shiv Prasad , 1968, Uttarakhand ka Itihas, Bhag-3 Pages 429-513)
3A- Elliot and Dowson, History of Indian (2nd part)
4--Handa, O.C. 2002, history of Uttaranchal, Indus Publishing Company, New Delhi 27, page 22-44
4A- Joshi, M.C., 1990, Uttaranchal (Kumaon-Garhwal) Himalaya: an essay in historical anthropology 
5-Linrothe, Rob, 1999, Ruthless Compassion: Wrathful Deities in Early Indo Tibetan Esoteric Buddhist Art
6-Mishra, Nityanand, Source Materials of Kumaon History 
7-Mishra Baldev Prasad, Nepal ka Itihas
8- Pandey, B.D, 1937, new edition (1990), Kumaon ka Itihas
9- Pandey, Ram Niwas, 1997, Making of Modern Nepal, page 170
10-Rawat, Ajay S., 19 Garhwal Himalayas: A Study in Historical Perspective 
11-Satyankritan, Rahul, Garhwal
11A-Saklani, Dinesh Prasad, 1998, Ancient Communities of The Himalayas
11B- Tripathi, Ramdatt , Katyur ka Itihas
 12-Notes on Archeological Aspects of Uttarakhand: ascidehraduncircle.in/uttrakhand.html
13-Indian Archeology: A review, (edited by D. Mitra) 1979-80
14- Epigraphia  Indica 1982, Vol. XIII

Xxx                              xx
Historical Notes on Asian Medieval Histography of Katyuri King Subhikshairaj; Asian Medieval Histography of Katyuri King Subhikshairaj of Joshimath Garhwal; Asian Medieval Histography of Katyuri King Subhikshairaj of Kalimath Garhwal; Asian Medieval Histography of Katyuri King Subhikshairaj of Chamoli Garhwal; Asian Medieval Histography of Katyuri King Subhikshairaj of Rudraprayag Garhwal; Asian Medieval Histography of Katyuri King Subhikshairaj of Tehri Garhwal; Asian Medieval Histography of Katyuri King Subhikshairaj of Pauri Garhwal; Asian Medieval Histography of Katyuri King Subhikshairaj of Uttarkashi Garhwal; Asian Medieval Histography of Katyuri King Subhikshairaj of Pithoragarh Kumaon ; Asian Medieval Histography of Katyuri King Subhikshairaj of Dwarhat Kumaon ; Asian Medieval Histography of Katyuri King Subhikshairaj of Jageshwar Kumaon ; Asian Medieval Histography of Katyuri King Subhikshairaj of Bageshwar Kumaon ; Asian Medieval Histography of Katyuri King Subhikshairaj of Almora, Kumaon ; Asian Medieval Histography of Katyuri King Subhikshairaj of Nainital Kumaon

 

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