MeraPahad Community Of Uttarakhand Lovers

                         Trail Administration in Shrinagar               
     -               
       Administration of G. W. Trail in Garhwal and Kumaon -5

History of British Rule/Administration over Kumaun and Garhwal (1815-1947) -6
            History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -844
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                              By: Bhishma Kukreti (History Student)
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              Trail changed a few administrative systems by reviewing old system and customs in Shrinagar.
                     Jhula Construction on Alaknanda River
      In Shrinagar, for crossing Alaknanda River there was a rope way bridge (Jhula). Constructors used to dismantle the rope way bridge before monsoon arrival. Most probably the rope way bridge   was from a big stone near the King palace. The Jhula construction and dismantling system was same in Gurkha regime as was in Garhwali king regime. Before, trail came, the bridge constructors (Manjhi) constructed Rope Way Bridge on Alaknanda. Gurkha administrators used to pay from Gurkha rupees 20 to 50 to bridge constructors (Manjhi). The Bridge constructors demanded for Farrukhabadi Rs 15 from Trail and Trail accepted the demand for constructing the Bridge on Alaknanda River. (Pre Mutiny Records 1816, part 1)
                         Donation for Temples
           In Garhwali King Period and Gurkha period, the state used to collect tax from pilgrims at Sayar ( A Chabutara for pilgrims ) in Shrinagar for temples.
      From the above collection, state used to offer donations for following 36 temples –Badrinath, Kursh Muroni, Hanuman (talla) , Hanuman ( Uprala), Keshoray (Talla), Keshoray (Uprala), Kamleshwar, Budha Kedar, Juntur, Nagsur, Dakshin kali, Mahishmardani, Gorakhnath, nandadevi, Shitaladevi, Vilkeshwar etc.
 In 1812, there was income from pilgrims for Gurkha Rs 1269 (Farukhavadi Rs. 951 and twelve Ana ) In 1816, the income from pilgrims was Farukhavadi Rs 999 and 10 Ana. Trail distributed that income to temples under British Garhwal. Trail left the responsibility to Tehri King for donations to the temple of Tehri Kingdom.
                      Contract for Import Duty on Grass in Shrinagar

           There was import duty on Grass coming to Shrinagar from outside in Garhwali Kingdom and Gurkha Rule too.
         In the year 1813, there was income by import levy on Gras for Gurkha Rs.120 (Farukhavadi Rs 90).
     Trail passed contract for four Ana per day for Grass Import duty to a contractor.
                  State Seal on Taka (Coins)
  In Garhwali kingdom and Gurkha period, people used to come to State Mint with their copper and used to make coins with state Seal on coins. Coin maker used to pay a fee. Coin making at State Mint was done by the contractor. Trail kept the same system of coin making. Trail guessed for the income for F.Rs 100 from the Mint.
                         Excise Levies
        There was income for Gurkha Rs 270/- from the levies on soaps, narcotic materials as Tobacco, Charas etc through contractors. Trail passed the contract for excise levies on the above materials for Twelve Ana per day to a contractor. Trail was sure of more income from the excise duty on above items.
                  Marriage Gifts to the State
          In Garhwali King Period and Gurkha Period, there was a state levy for marriages taking place in Shrinagar. The state used to offer a Turban to the couple. Trail stopped levies on marriages.
                       Donations for Badri and Kedar Temples
                There was a custom that Governments under Garhwali King and later Gurkha rule used to pay donations for Badrinath and Kedar Temple. In 1813, Gurkha administration paid Gurkha Rs 280 (F Rs- 210) to the temples.
         Trail requested for money from his bosses for donations to the temples.  Johan Adam sent a permission letter on 15th April 1816, for Trail for offering donation for Rs 210 to Badrinath and Kedarnath temples (Atkinson ).
     The Garhwali Kingdom and Kumaon Kingdom donated 226 villages to Badrinath and Kumaon temples ( Vishnupriti). The income of temples from those villages was around Rs 2080 annually. British high command instructed Trail not to interfere in religious activities. Trail was instructed that he should check that the income from villages should not be used for personal uses by temple authorities.  (Hamilton). 




(Chapter Reference - English Pre Mutiny Records, Kumaon 1816, part-1, Vol. – 7 , Atkinson, Himalyan districts volume 3, page 25, Hamilton )

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 7/7/2016
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -845
*** History of British Rule/Administration over Kumaun, (Pauri , Rudraprayag, and Chamoli) Garhwal (1815-1947) to be continued in next chapter
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX   
References   
 1-Shiv Prasad Dabral ‘Charan’, Uttarakhand ka Itihas, Part -7 Garhwal par British -Shasan,  part -1, page 123 
2-Maularam, Badariashtak
3-Devar, English Pre Mutiny Records
4- Atkinson, Himalayan Districts vol. 3 ,
 5- English Pre Mutiny Records, Kumaon 1816, part-1, Vol. – 7
6- Johan Pemble , Invasion of Nepal
7- Hmailton, Description of Hindustan vol. 2, page 638)
      Xx
History of British Rule, Administration, Policies, Revenue system,  over Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies Revenue system  over Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies ,Revenue system  over Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies ,Revenue system  over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies ,Revenue system  over Dehradun , Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies, ,Revenue system  over Bageshwar  Kumaon, Uttarakhand;
History of British Rule, Administration, Policies, Revenue system over Haridwar, Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand;

                Karar Patta of Thoba –Himtu Malgujar Gujdu (Copy of Agreement)
 -               
       Administration of G. W. Trail in Garhwal and Kumaon -7

History of British Rule/Administration over Kumaun and Garhwal (1815-1947) -8
            History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -846
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                              By: Bhishma Kukreti (History Student)
 -
     Karar Patta of Thoba –Himtu Malgujar Gujdu
 गुजडू के मालगुजार थोबा -हिमतू का कौल करार -पट्टा -

 कौल करार पट्टा थोबा -हिमतू नाम मालगुजार पर्गनै गुजडू जिल्ले गढ़वाल (I ) के जो तुमने दर्खास येक वर्स की व करार साल तमाम संबत १८७२ साल के बावत फसल खरीफ व रवी सन्न १२२३ फसली के स  .... ५६२ II ) रूपये सिके कलिदार फर्खावादी बरेली के सिवाय सायर आपकारि भंग गाजा   अतर अफिम पोस्त भट्टि शराब धर्मार्थ मीलक बाग बगीचा खैरायस विष्णुप्रीत  ब्रह्महोत्र वगैह्र बाहिक बिला आफत बिना तक्रार हजूर मौ गुंजारनी (I )ईस वास्ते वर्सत्त मंजूर कर्ने साहिबान सदर के पट्टा तुमकौं दिया जाता है कि ईजरा साल तमाम सन्न -वही गाँउ मोजिम लिखेहुवे दरखास्के रुपए विनाह हुकमु कदमी के तुमारे नाम मुकरर ठहराई दिया (I ) माफिक किस्तो के रुपैये सिर्कार के तहसिलदार अपनै  पर्गनै के पास पहुंचाई के दाखला लेते रहोगे (I )और रैयत कौं अपनी भलमानसी सै राजी रखके दिन पर दिन आवादि रैंयत की और चैन चलन खेती का करते रहोगे (। )   और रकम आस्मानी फुरमानी अमल गोर्खे के मैं जारी थी (। ) अब अमलदारि सर्कार कंम्पनी के मैं मनै है (। ) किसी तर्ह सै येक दाम रैयत्के उस्मै सैं न लेना (। ) जुलम बेवाजवी रैयत गाउ कैसे नहिं करना (। )
            कीसत तप्सील                                             
कार्तिग मैं ---१४३। =                     फागुन मैं १४०।।। = 
पुस मैं -         १३९ ।-                      बैसाख मैं  १३८।।=

          गाउ तप्सील
मज्याडो दौरा कलाई खान   -- ६५।। =           कनात ७।। =
संबत १८७२ साल कार्तिग वदि अक्तूबर की २६ सन्न १८१५ साल       

-
 
( Reference- Vishnu Singh Gorla Rawat Collection , letter to Dr Dabral, Dr Dabral (1) page 130)
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 9/7/2016
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -847
*** History of British Rule/Administration over Kumaun, (Pauri , Rudraprayag, and Chamoli) Garhwal (1815-1947) to be continued in next chapter
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX   
References   
 1-Shiv Prasad Dabral ‘Charan’, Uttarakhand ka Itihas, Part -7 Garhwal par British -Shasan,  part -1, page
2-Maularam, Badariashtak
3-Devar, English Pre Mutiny Records
4- Atkinson, Himalayan Districts vol. 3 ,
 5- English Pre Mutiny Records, Kumaon 1816, part-1, Vol. – 7
6- Johan Pemble , Invasion of Nepal
      Xx
History of British Rule, Administration, Policies, Revenue system,  over Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies Revenue system  over Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies ,Revenue system  over Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies ,Revenue system  over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies ,Revenue system  over Dehradun , Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies, ,Revenue system  over Bageshwar  Kumaon, Uttarakhand;
History of British Rule, Administration, Policies, Revenue system over Haridwar, Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand;

                   Miscellaneous Taxes in Trail Period               
 -               
       Administration of G. W. Trail in Garhwal and Kumaon -9
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History of British Rule/Administration over Kumaun and Garhwal (1815-1947) -10
            History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -848
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                              By: Bhishma Kukreti (History Student)
  Apart from land tax on people of Garhwal, there were other various taxes on the citizens in Trail period.
  The miscellaneous tax in Garhwal under Gurkha rule in 1811 was as under (Atkinson)
 Tax /Kar -----------------------------Gurkha rupees
Salami or presentation ------------------ 1147
Mijhari /Dom Kar of Leather Tanning on Scheduled Caste – 454
Tandkar , Weaving tax --------------------- 1283
Soniya fagun /festivals tax--------------------1495
Tambakhan, Copper mines/mint--------------2401
Addhani-Daftari , record keeping tax  ------------1495
Sayar , Import –Export duty ---------------------- 10900
Kuirsal / catechu tax--------------------------- 170
Kath-Bans , tax on bamboo and wood ------------ 600
Chungi , miscellaneous tax------------------ 200
Asmani-Farmani , Punishment tax ------------ 2000
  There were other taxes as taxes on hemp and hemp produces, opium, soaps, tobacco. There were taxes on mint, river crossing , slavery sales and purchase etc.
  Trail administration decided for banning on slavery and kept the tax structure the same as of Gurkha rule barring slavery tax, the order was passed on 2nd June 1815. However, later on British administration abolished Asmani and Farmani tax too. Trail stopped ‘Dom kar’ or tax on leather tanning (Atkinson page 289).
                     Tax on Food Articles
    There is interesting matter on taxation on food articles in Gurkha regime time. There was tax on export and import on food articles. However, officials of Gurkha administration exempted tax on a few people for food article taxes. The tax exemption resulted in loss for exchequer and complexities for Tax collector in Octori post.  There were a few Brahmins those were exempted for tax on food articles import and exports. The Gurkha officials exempted half the amount for certain Brahmins (2).  Trail wrote that he was against exemption of import and export taxes on food articles for a few Brahmins and he informed that he was stopping exemption. (3).
       There was pleas from the priests of Badrinath, Kedarnath and Kamleshwar temples that they should be exempted from food import taxes.
   However, the local administration did not abide the order of Trail and exempted taxes on Bheli, Sugar, Khand , grams, sandal  etc for Temples. (Atkinson, page 25) . The letter of Trail of 1st December shows that administrator did not abide the order of Trail.
            The tax officials were corrupt and they used to collect taxes on wood, forest produces from the businessmen  at Ghat or Octroi posts but did not submit the tax to the treasury. The state was always in loss of not getting actual revenues.  Trail advised to the administration for auctioning Octroi post on contract. The Shringar administration accepted the suggestion of Trail and started auctioning the Octroi post or toll tax posts to the contractors. The title for Wood tax was ‘Kath-bans’ (3).   
Reference- 1- Atkinson, Himalayan districts Vol. 3, page 283
2 and 3-English Pre Mutiny Record , Kumaon 1816, Part -2, Vol.8
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 11/7/2016
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -849
*** History of British Rule/Administration over Kumaun, (Pauri , Rudraprayag, and Chamoli) Garhwal (1815-1947) to be continued in next chapter
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX   
References   
 1-Shiv Prasad Dabral ‘Charan’, Uttarakhand ka Itihas, Part -7 Garhwal par British -Shasan,  part -1, page
2-Maularam, Badariashtak
3-Devar, English Pre Mutiny Records
4- Atkinson, Himalayan Districts vol. 3 ,
 5- English Pre Mutiny Records, Kumaon 1816, part-1, Vol. – 7
6- Johan Pemble , Invasion of Nepal
      Xx
History of British Rule, Administration, Policies, Revenue system,  over Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies Revenue system  over Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies ,Revenue system  over Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies ,Revenue system  over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies ,Revenue system  over Dehradun , Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies, ,Revenue system  over Bageshwar  Kumaon, Uttarakhand;
History of British Rule, Administration, Policies, Revenue system over Haridwar, Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand;

                        Jagir for Khanduri Brothers 
 -               
       Administration of G. W. Trail in Garhwal and Kumaon -11
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History of British Rule/Administration over Kumaun and Garhwal (1815-1947) -12
            History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -850
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                              By: Bhishma Kukreti (History Student)

           The heirs of Khanduri Brothers –Rama and Dharni presented five ‘Sanad’ (Government ordering) offered by Nepal court before Trail (1 and 2).
        ‘Sanad’ number 1 and 2 were from Pradyumanshah offered to Rama and Dharni Khanduri for the positions of Daftari.
          Trail wrote in a letter on 2nd April,” Garhwal King killed Rama and Dharni for the crime of them having conspiracy with Gurkha court for killing him (Garhwal King) “(2).
          However, the writings of Maularam in ‘Ganika –Natak’ are clear that the younger brother Parakram Shah Brother of Garhwal King killed Rama and Dharni Khanduri. (1). There were cordial relation between Khanduri brothers and Gurkha court as they were court Daftari. At the initial administration period, Gurkha administrators wrote in Sanad 1,” Let Gajadhar and Krishnanand the sons of Rama and Dharni and their brother Harakpati the annual Jagir for Gorkha Rs 6000/- for working as Daftari. Jagir for Rs 6000/- means Jagirdar had to collect more amount from villagers for earning. There was delay in administrating the Nepal court order. In 1810, Nepal court sent a ‘Sanad’ to Kaji Bahadur Bhandari and Dashrath Khatri where the annual amount was Go.Rs 4000-. After request of Khanduri brothers, in 1812, Bakshi Dashrath Khatri sent a ‘Sanad’ for new Jagir with his stamp for Go.Rs1500/- annually. It was clearly written in ‘Sanad’ -2 that  this ‘Sanad’ is being offered by ordered from Nepal Court.(2)
   When Khanduri brothers reached to the region and inspected the reality and found that the amount declared in ‘Sanad’ was not possible to collect from villagers of that region. Dashrath Khatri offered an amended ‘Sanad’ and offered 18 more villages whose tax was estimated for Rs 406.25. That ‘Sanad’ was also of 1812. There was name of Krishnanad but it was clearly mentioned that the amended ‘Sanad’ was being offered for correcting the low earning Jagir in old ‘Sanad’ Apart from those Jagirs of two ‘Sanad’, from 1814 (?), Khanduri brothers were also getting tax from a few villages of Barasyun region. Dashrath Khatri stopped the Barasyun Jagir for Khanduri brothers in 1813. Later on, the Gurkha commander Sardar Bhairosingh offered a new ‘Sanad’ (number 5) to Khanduri brothers for getting back Barasyun Jagir. Bhairosingh wrote that he was offering ‘Sanad’ as per Nepal court order. The order from Nepal Court was ‘‘. He and his soldiers should not interfere in Jagir.”
          Trail accepted the Jagir for heirs of Khanduri brothers for Rs 1500/- annually. Trail rejected the ‘Sanad’ offered by Dashrath Khatri and Bhairon Singh arguing that Nepal court used to provide red stamp on plain paper to their administrators and those papers were for emergency uses for corresponding with neighboring countries. (2)
    Trail also wrote to Gardner that Krishna Nand and Harakpati went to Delhi with Frazer from Shrinagar. From Delhi, they returned with King Sudarshan Shah to Tehri. Both were working with Tehri King. Later on, Gajdhar and Krishna Datt reached to Tehri. Krishna Nand was working with him (Trail) in his office as Hindi Navish for monthly salary for Rs 20/- 
  Trail also wrote to Gardner that it was important positions of Daftari. Government should offer Jagir to Daftaris. However, Trail suggested that Government should offer salary equal amount of Jagir and not the Jagir.
    Therefore, Company Government cancelled the ‘Sanad’ for Khanduris and decided monthly allowances for Rs 32/- per month to Gajadhar, Krishnadatt, Krishnanad and Harakpati. Company secretary Johan Adam sent a letter for accepting the suggestion by Trail on 4th May 1816. In Company regime, the position of Daftari was called ‘Kanoongo’. Administration fixed four positions for ‘Kanoongo’ and Khanduris were offered the positions. British administration appointed Khanduris only for the position of Kanoongo for many years. In Kumaon too, Joshis of Jhinjhad and Danya and Chaudhari were offered Kanoongo positions for many years.
   The letter of Betan of 29th April 1837, showed that there was no  assurance to Khanduris that Kanoongo positions were reserved for Khanduris only in Garhwal region. Initially, Administration offered post to Khnduris because of their experiences and later on Khanduris took it guaranteed. (3 and 1)

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 13/7/2016
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -851
*** History of British Rule/Administration over Kumaun, (Pauri , Rudraprayag, and Chamoli) Garhwal (1815-1947) to be continued in next chapter
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX   
References   
 1-Shiv Prasad Dabral ‘Charan’, Uttarakhand ka Itihas, Part -7 Garhwal par British -Shasan, part -1, page 137-139
2- English Pre Mutiny Records, Kumaon 1816, Part -2, Vol.8
3- English Pre Mutiny Records, Kumaon 1837-39, Vol.1

      Xx
History of British Rule, Administration, Policies, Revenue system,  over Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies Revenue system  over Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies ,Revenue system  over Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies ,Revenue system  over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies ,Revenue system  over Dehradun , Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies, ,Revenue system  over Bageshwar  Kumaon, Uttarakhand;
History of British Rule, Administration, Policies, Revenue system over Haridwar, Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand;

                  Inspection of Gunth ‘Sanad’               
 -               
       Administration of G. W. Trail in Garhwal and Kumaon -13
-
History of British Rule/Administration over Kumaun and Garhwal (1815-1947) -14
            History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -852
-
                              By: Bhishma Kukreti (History Student)
             In Garhwali Kingdom and Nepalese rule, both the administrations offered lands for a few important temples. Nepalese government increased land for temples. The said land was called ‘Gunth’. The income from ‘Gunth’ land was used for salaries for priests, and workers of the temple.  From ‘Sadabrat’, the food and other articles were distributed among the pilgrims of visiting Badrinath –Kedarnath.
    In 1815, there was total land of 501 villages in ‘Gunth’. British administration measured the land offered for Gunth in 1823 and detail is as follows (Atkinson) –
 Temple------Number of villages under Gunth ---------1823, Agriculture land (Unit-20 Nali)
Badrinath ----------------262------------------------------------4785
Kedarnath-----------------54--------------------------------------775
Kamleshwar---------------14--------------------------------------- 232
Lakshminarayan----------5------------------------------------------102
Raghunath (Devprayag)------------8-------------------------------108
Tungnath---------------------9----------------------------------------133
Gopeshwar---------------------6--------------------------------------222
Miscellaneous --------------- 165----------------------------------- 1449
Baron--------------------------- 12----------------------------------39
Total------------------------------535--------------------------------7845

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 15/7/2016
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -853
*** History of British Rule/Administration over Kumaun, (Pauri , Rudraprayag, and Chamoli) Garhwal (1815-1947) to be continued in next chapter
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX   
References   
 1-Shiv Prasad Dabral ‘Charan’, Uttarakhand ka Itihas, Part -7 Garhwal par British -Shasan, part -1, page 138-140
2-Atkinson, Himalayan districts Vol.3, page 303

      Xx
History of British Rule, Administration, Policies, Revenue system,  over Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies Revenue system  over Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies ,Revenue system  over Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies ,Revenue system  over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies ,Revenue system  over Dehradun , Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies, ,Revenue system  over Bageshwar  Kumaon, Uttarakhand;
History of British Rule, Administration, Policies, Revenue system over Haridwar, Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand;