MeraPahad Community Of Uttarakhand Lovers

                   Forest Administration by Ramsey
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                            British Administration in Garhwal   -108
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History of British Rule/Administration over Kumaun and Garhwal (1815-1947) -125
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            History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -962
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                              By: Bhishma Kukreti (History Student)

 After 1857, government handed over Kumaun administration again to commissioner Major Ramsey.
  Ramsey took following decisions for forest conservation-
 1-Control over tree destruction/cutting
2-Encouraged people from Goath (temporary camps for domestic animals) and encouraged them to have permanent settlements
3- Construction of roads and small roads into forests
4-Establishing more posts for forest produce tax collection
 By 1861-1862, Ramsey completely banned agriculture in Patalidun forest and he established formers in Bhabhar at reserve areas.
 Goath activities were completely stopped in forest regions.  It was compulsory for contractors for paying in advance.  He cleared cut wood in forest and carried to saw mill at Rurki.
 Government appointed Colonel Bau as Garhwal conservator under Ramsey.
Government appointed personnel for –
1-Stopping unauthorized tree cutting from forests
2-Controlling forest fire
3-Cleraing tendrils climbing on trees
4- Getting contractors those could pay in advance





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Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 8/6/2017
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -963
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*** History of British Rule/Administration over British Garhwal (Pauri, Rudraprayag, and Chamoli1815-1947) to be continued in next chapter
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(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX   
References 
 1-Shiv Prasad Dabral ‘Charan’, Uttarakhand ka Itihas, Part -7 Garhwal par British -Shasan, part -1, page- 287-312
 2- Webber T.W.  , 1902, Forest of upper India and their inhabitants 
Xx
 
History of British Rule, Administration , Policies, Revenue system,  over Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand ; History of British Rule , Administration , Policies Revenue system  over Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies ,Revenue system  over Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies ,Revenue system  over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies ,Revenue system  over Dehradun , Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand ; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies, ,Revenue system  over Bageshwar  Kumaon, Uttarakhand ;
History of British Rule, Administration, Policies, Revenue system over Haridwar, Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand;   
 

                            Paatlidun Forests
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                            British Administration in Garhwal   -110
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History of British Rule/Administration over Kumaun and Garhwal (1815-1947) -127
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            History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -964
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                              By: Bhishma Kukreti (History Student)

             Paatlidun forest range is in between valleys of Ramganga and its rivulets. Sal trees were there though much were destructed in past. British officials were aware about poetentiality of Sal trees of Paatlidun forests.
 Ramsey constructed roads reaching there and inside Paatlidun forests. His usccsors too continued road constructions in the range.  There were following ranges of Paatlidun –
1-Palai or Taimuria Forest range- Sal trees started growing well in this forest after conservation acts. Officials were sure that Sal would fetch furniture wood from Taimuria forest range of Paatlidun. There were bamboo trees and were beneficial for keeping humidity.
2-Mandal Forest-  Since, the forests were far from human settlements , by 1880, Sal trees were safe there and in south zone, there were Tun trees.
3-Ramganga valley forests- The forest were between Sona River and Shivalik hill range. By 1880, there were huge destruction of Sal and other high trees. Only shrubs were there by 1880. Due to grass the seedling of sal was not possible in past. Travelers, pilgrims  used to fire in the region too.
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Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 10/6/2017
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -965
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*** History of British Rule/Administration over British Garhwal (Pauri, Rudraprayag, and Chamoli1815-1947) to be continued in next chapter
-
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX   
References 
 1-Shiv Prasad Dabral ‘Charan’, Uttarakhand ka Itihas, Part -7 Garhwal par British -Shasan, part -1, page- 287-312
 2- Atkinson, Himalayan Districts, vol. 1 page 860-862

Xx
 
History of British Rule, Administration , Policies, Revenue system,  over Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand ; History of British Rule , Administration , Policies Revenue system  over Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies ,Revenue system  over Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies ,Revenue system  over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies ,Revenue system  over Dehradun , Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand ; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies, ,Revenue system  over Bageshwar  Kumaon, Uttarakhand ;
History of British Rule, Administration, Policies, Revenue system over Haridwar, Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand;   

Income and Expenditure Accounts of Forest of South Uttarakhand
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                             British Administration in Garhwal   -112
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History of British Rule/Administration over Kumaun and Garhwal (1815-1947) -129
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            History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -966
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                              By: Bhishma Kukreti (History Student)

   Atkinson offered the income-expenditure and profit and loss accounts of above forest divisions as follows in Rupees –
( CE=Conservation expenses, SE= Salary employees Expenses, TE =Total Expenses, Rs. Amount in 000 –Rules of decimal applied )
Years-------Income ---- --CE------------SE----------- ----TE--------------------------Profit 
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1865-66----248-----------81-------------11.6-------------93.3---------------------------155
1866-67-----228----------95--------------10---------------105.4-------------------------112.9
1867-68------177----------40-------------12----------------52.4-------------------------124.9
1868-69-----189-----------54--------------20------------73.6-----------------------------115
1869-70------149----------59--------------12---------------70.1--------------------------78
1870-71-------112--------46.6-------------11---------------58----------------------------53.58
1871-72--------130-----------48------------14.9-------------63-----------------------------67.6
1872-73-------208.7--------43.5------------18--------------61.5---------------------------147
1873-74-------153.7---------57.7------------17---------------75----------------------------78.5
1874-75---------117-----------45---------------16-------------61---------------------------55.8
1875-76---------200------------64.6-------------20.5----------83.7--------------------------115.8
1876-77-------140----------------63.6------------20-----------83.8--------------------------66.5
1877-78--------173----------------38---------------20-----------57.4---------------------115.8
1878-79--------132---------------35------------------22-----------56.5--------------------75.3
1879-80-------111----------------44--------------------24-----------68--------------------43.5


 
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Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 12/6/2017
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -967
-
*** History of British Rule/Administration over British Garhwal (Pauri, Rudraprayag, and Chamoli1815-1947) to be continued in next chapter
-
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX   
References 
 1-Shiv Prasad Dabral ‘Charan’, Uttarakhand ka Itihas, Part -7 Garhwal par British -Shasan, part -1, page- 287-312
 2- Atkinson, Himalayan Districts, vol. 1 page p
916-17

Xx
 
History of British Rule, Administration , Policies, Revenue system,  over Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand ; History of British Rule , Administration , Policies Revenue system  over Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies ,Revenue system  over Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies ,Revenue system  over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies ,Revenue system  over Dehradun , Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand ; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies, ,Revenue system  over Bageshwar  Kumaon, Uttarakhand ;
History of British Rule, Administration, Policies, Revenue system over Haridwar, Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand;   

                                         North East and South  Garhwal Forests
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                             British Administration in Garhwal   -114
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History of British Rule/Administration over Kumaun and Garhwal (1815-1947) -131
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            History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -968
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                              By: Bhishma Kukreti (History Student)

                        North East Garhwal Forests
      There were pines trees at Pindar River bank from Betwa to Kulsari. Webber praised those forests. There is abundant water in Pindar River from May to October. The cut sleepers could easily flow on Pindar River water. From Pindar and Alaknanda conferences,  the sleeper could easily flow to Haridwar through Alaknanda and from devprayag though  Ganga Rivers. There were no hurdles for sleepers flowing up to Haridwar. There was abundant water for sleeper flowing in Nandakini River too. The pine forests in Nandakini and Pindar valleys were long, Most of pine trees were of five feet diameter. Above Kanali, Cyprus and other xerophytes trees were there including Devdaru. 
               South Garhwal Forests
 Up to 8000 Feet, around Kainur, Sungarkhal, Juniyagarh and Dudhatoli hills of Nayar River valley, there were dense forests of oaks and Kharsu. Ransal trees were there in 11 sqaure miles in Dudhatoli valley. In rainy season, near Kainyur valley,  sleepers could follow in near Nayar River that meets Vyaschatti with Ganga. However, around Chiplaghat there were hurdles in Nayar River flow. In Upper region of Nayar Valley, there were oak, kharsu and ransal  trees and in south, other trees were there.
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Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 14/6/2017
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -969
-
*** History of British Rule/Administration over British Garhwal (Pauri, Rudraprayag, and Chamoli1815-1947) to be continued in next chapter
-
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX   
References 
1-Shiv Prasad Dabral ‘Charan’, Uttarakhand ka Itihas, Part -7 Garhwal par British -Shasan, part -1, page- 287-312
 2- Atkinson, Himalayan Districts, vol. 1 page 873-74

Xx
 
History of British Rule, Administration , Policies, Revenue system,  over Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand ; History of British Rule , Administration , Policies Revenue system  over Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies ,Revenue system  over Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies ,Revenue system  over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies ,Revenue system  over Dehradun , Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand ; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies, ,Revenue system  over Bageshwar  Kumaon, Uttarakhand ;
History of British Rule, Administration, Policies, Revenue system over Haridwar, Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand;   

Three Phases of Forest Establishment in Garhwal and Kumaon
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                             British Administration in Garhwal   -116
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History of British Rule/Administration over Kumaun and Garhwal (1815-1947) -133
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            History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -970
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                              By: Bhishma Kukreti (History Student)

 Badridatt Pandey divided forest establishment by British in three phases –
                                    Phase -1 from 1815-1878
  In this phase, government tried for controlling forest destruction. However, the customary right of villages remained same as of past.
  In 1856, here and there,  the forests were notified under protected forests. In 1875, British government got right on 3700 square miles forests. Government appointed one forest officer for Kumaon. Villagers did not get trouble by the first phase.
 In 1868, Government declared Bhabhar forest as preserved forests. In 1877, government notified Bhabhar forests as reserved forests.
           Phase -2 1878-1893
 There was amendment in forest regulation in 1878. In 1882, the Imperial forest department was shifted to provincial department. Between 1885-90, a few forests were leased to iron mining companies.

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Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 16/6/2017
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -971
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*** History of British Rule/Administration over British Garhwal (Pauri, Rudraprayag, and Chamoli1815-1947) to be continued in next chapter
-
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX   
References 
1-Shiv Prasad Dabral ‘Charan’, Uttarakhand ka Itihas, Part -7 Garhwal par British -Shasan, part -1, page- 287-312
 2- Badridatt Pandey, Kumaun ka Itihas , page 468-69

Xx
 
History of British Rule, Administration , Policies, Revenue system,  over Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand ; History of British Rule , Administration , Policies Revenue system  over Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies ,Revenue system  over Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies ,Revenue system  over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies ,Revenue system  over Dehradun , Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand ; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies, ,Revenue system  over Bageshwar  Kumaon, Uttarakhand ;
History of British Rule, Administration, Policies, Revenue system over Haridwar, Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand;