MeraPahad Community Of Uttarakhand Lovers

                   
                   Occupying nearby Village Land 
                  British Administration in Garhwal   -165
       -
History of British Rule/Administration over Kumaun and Garhwal (1815-1947) -185
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            History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -1017
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                              By: Bhishma Kukreti (History Student)
      Most of the places in British Garhwal, people built temporary huts at nearby village land too. With the help of Kamin and Thokdar or Padhan, villagers got occupancy rights on that land (lagga gaon). Before British entered,  and in British time too, villagers used to build temporary huts (Chhani) in nearby village forest land for keeping domestic animals there in winter or rainy season. Villagers made Pakki Jhopdi and showed that land as occupied land (Dakhila). Even people started living there permanently.
   In 1822, Trail took step for counting number of villages and houses. The details are as under –
                    Shrinagar Tehsil
 Pargana --------------- Nos Villages -----------Houses numbers
Barasyun--------------------624-------------------3306
Devalgarh-------------------204 ------------------1654
Chaundkot------------------342-----------------------1841
Nagpur-----------------------579------------------4007
Gangasalan------------------452---------------------1881
Painkhnda---------------------46-----------------------474
Sub Total---------------------------2247---------------------13167
           Chandpur Tehsil
Pargana --------------- Nos Villages -----------Houses numbers
Chandpur-------------------352-------------------------2007
Badhan---------------------280-------------------------1347
Tallasalan----------------284--------------------1124
Mallasalan-----------------197------------------1009
Dashauli--------------------- 96--------------------649
Sub Total---------------------1210---------------6136
Grand Total Garhwal---------3457--------------19302
Trail calculated population for 125000 of British Garhwal by estimating 6.5 per house. 
  Atkinson stated that the estimate was on very higher side.
Batten took census through patwaris in 1841-42. The population was recorded as follows-
Male-42968
Male children—28836
Females –60382
Total –1,31916
The demographic population was s follows-
Shilpkar (Dome)- 22098
Muslims-----------396
Hindu----------109452
Brahmins----- 29122
Rajput-------------44470
Khasiya----------------34502
Gulam-(Das)----------------1358
The comparative population chart is interesting-
Year--------Mature Males---Male Child------Females ----------Total
1822------------------------------------------------------------Estimated 125000
1841------------42698------------28836-----------60382--------------131916
1853-------------67311-------------51968----------116509-----------235788
1858-----------66170----------------53857---------------113299----------233326
1865-----------------------------------------------------------------------------248742

XXX   
References 
1-Shiv Prasad Dabral ‘Charan’, Uttarakhand ka Itihas, Part -7 Garhwal par British -Shasan, part -1, page- 343-77 from Vishnu Singh Gorla Rawat collection
2-Joshi, Khas Family law
3- Paw- Garhwal Settlement page 44
4-Batton , Garhwal resettlement report – 521-529
5-Becket, Garhwal Settlement Report page 35
6- Atkinson, Himalyan districts page 266
7-Trail, Sketch of Kumaonvol 16, page 228

      हरिद्वार , सहारनपुर बिजनौर इतिहास परिपेक्ष्य में गुप्त कालीन प्रांतीय प्रशासन

Provincial Administration in   Gupta Era in context History of Haridwar,  Bijnor,   Saharanpur
                   
                         
    हरिद्वार इतिहास ,  बिजनौर  इतिहास , सहारनपुर   इतिहास  -आदिकाल से सन 1947 तक-भाग - 223               


                                               इतिहास विद्यार्थी ::: भीष्म कुकरेती

   प्रांतीय उच्च प्रशासनिक अधिकारी के कई नाम सामने आये हैं- उपरिका , गोप्त , भोगिक , भोगपति , राजस्थानीय।  अधिकतर राजकुमार को  राज्यपाल नियुक्त किया जाता था।
   कुछ अन्य प्रांतीय अधिकारियों का भी संदर्भ मिलता है जैसे - बालधिकारनिक जो सेना का उच्च पदीय अधिकारी होता था। दण्डपाशधिकारिनिक पोलिस सर्वोच्च पद था। मुख्य न्यायाधीश को महादंडनायक कहा जाता था। न्याय मंत्री को विनयस्थिति स्थापक नाम दिया जाता था।
गुप्त कालीन पद --- आज का संदर्भ
भटसावाति  ---------- घुड़सवार व पैदल सेना अधिकारी
महापिलुपति  ------------हाथी सेना अधिपति
साधनिक   ------------------ , कर   उधार व वित्त  अधिकारी
करकृतिक , हिरण्य , समूदियक ---- मुद्रा अधिकारी
तदायुक्तक --------राजकोष अधिकारी
औदरंगिक  ------उदरंग कर अधिकारी
अरुणस्थानिक  -----सुपरिटेंडेंट
अग्रहारिक  -----अग्रहारीक़ों का सुपरिटेंडेंट
चौरोद्धारणिक   -----पुलिस महा निदेशक
       





Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti  Mumbai, India  2018

   History of Haridwar, Bijnor, Saharanpur  to be continued Part  --

 हरिद्वार,  बिजनौर , सहारनपुर का आदिकाल से सन 1947 तक इतिहास  to be continued -भाग -


      Ancient  History of Kankhal, Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;   Ancient History of Har ki Paidi Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;   Ancient History of Jwalapur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;   Ancient  History of Telpura Haridwar, Uttarakhand  ;   Ancient  History of Sakrauda Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;   Ancient  History of Bhagwanpur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;   Ancient   History of Roorkee, Haridwar, Uttarakhand  ;  Ancient  History of Jhabarera Haridwar, Uttarakhand  ;   Ancient History of Manglaur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;   Ancient  History of Laksar; Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;     Ancient History of Sultanpur,  Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;     Ancient  History of Pathri Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;    Ancient History of Landhaur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;   Ancient History of Bahdarabad, Uttarakhand ; Haridwar;      History of Narsan Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;    Ancient History of Bijnor;   seohara , Bijnor History Ancient  History of Nazibabad Bijnor ;    Ancient History of Saharanpur;   Ancient  History of Nakur , Saharanpur;    Ancient   History of Deoband, Saharanpur;     Ancient  History of Badhsharbaugh , Saharanpur;   Ancient Saharanpur History,     Ancient Bijnor History;
कनखल , हरिद्वार  इतिहास ; तेलपुरा , हरिद्वार  इतिहास ; सकरौदा ,  हरिद्वार  इतिहास ; भगवानपुर , हरिद्वार  इतिहास ;रुड़की ,हरिद्वार इतिहास ; झाब्रेरा हरिद्वार  इतिहास ; मंगलौर हरिद्वार  इतिहास ;लक्सर हरिद्वार  इतिहास ;सुल्तानपुर ,हरिद्वार  इतिहास ;पाथरी , हरिद्वार  इतिहास ; बहदराबाद , हरिद्वार  इतिहास ; लंढौर , हरिद्वार  इतिहास ;ससेवहारा  बिजनौर , बिजनौर इतिहास; नगीना ,  बिजनौर इतिहास; नजीबाबाद , नूरपुर , बिजनौर इतिहास;सहारनपुर इतिहास; देवबंद सहारनपुर इतिहास , बेहत सहारनपुर इतिहास , नकुर सहरानपुर इतिहास Haridwar Itihas, Bijnor Itihas, Saharanpur Itihas

                   
                                 Houses  In British Garhwal   
                  British Administration in Garhwal   -168
       -
History of British Rule/Administration over Kumaun and Garhwal (1815-1947) -188
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            History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -1020
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                              By: Bhishma Kukreti (History Student)
 Bith or upper class were relatively prosperous than deprived class (Dome , now word is unconstitutional). Bith had ground plus first floor stone houses roofed by grey flat stones. Dom had ground floor house only. Prosperous villagers had Tibari type house.
     People used to keep domestic animals in ground floor (Ubar, Obari). When there was need for rooms, citizens used to add ground floor room with old house or ground plus first floor. Many villagers used to have huts in forest where they also stay .
XXX   
References 
1-Shiv Prasad Dabral ‘Charan’, Uttarakhand ka Itihas, Part -7 Garhwal par British -Shasan, part -1, page- 343-456

                   
                                 Domestic Animals in British Garhwal     
                  British Administration in Garhwal   -171
       -
History of British Rule/Administration over Kumaun and Garhwal (1815-1947) -191
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            History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -1023
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                              By: Bhishma Kukreti (History Student)
   Every life depended on agriculture in Garhwal. Therefore, there was importance for domestic animals as cow, bulls, buffalos, goats and lambs. In north Garhwal where agriculture was less there used to be trading of domestic animals for livelihood. Garhwalis still call the domestic animals as ‘Dhan (assets) or Jiwan (life).   Goats and lambs were also useful for gifting to state authorities and deities.
  Animals manure was only source for fertilizers. Lambs were useful for wools.
     Domestic animals were /are of short length and height as compared to plains. Horses and mules were common animals for transportation and goods carriage. Bhotiya in North Garhwal,  nurtured Chanvar Gay.
     Garhwalis did not have chickens, pigs and turkeys. Lately in British rule, harijans started keeping chickens.
  Garhwalis still love domestic animals and offer same love to them as their children. Cow is equal to mother and other animals as children.

XXX   
References 
1-Shiv Prasad Dabral ‘Charan’, Uttarakhand ka Itihas, Part -7 Garhwal par British -Shasan, part -1, page- 343-456
2- Atkinson , Himalayn Districts Vol.3
 3- Asiatic Researches vol 6

                   
                              Entertainment facilities  in British Garhwal     
                  British Administration in Garhwal   -173
       -
History of British Rule/Administration over Kumaun and Garhwal (1815-1947) -193
-
 
            History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -1025
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                              By: Bhishma Kukreti (History Student)

 Hard worker Garhwalis were eager for making their life happy by cooperation and entertainment.
  In night, people used to gather at Padhan chowk or other suitable place and used to dance and sing or used to tell tales. People used to sing songs while working too. Mostly, songs were related to pain of separation from mother by girls after marriage, illicit relation etc. Pathos songs were common among women.
    Males used to stay at Goth (temporary cattle shed on farm)  used to play Damru and sing song in night.
 While, pasturing people used to sing songs.

XXX   
References 
1-Shiv Prasad Dabral ‘Charan’, Uttarakhand ka Itihas, Part -7 Garhwal par British -Shasan, part -1, page- 343-456
2- Atkinson, Himalayan Districts Vol.3
 3- Asiatic Researches vol 6