MeraPahad Community Of Uttarakhand Lovers

           Dogadda Mission School in British Garhwal 
                  British Administration in Garhwal   -282
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History of British Rule/Administration over Kumaun and Garhwal (1815-1947) -302
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            History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -1136
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                              By: Bhishma Kukreti (History Student)
       American Christian society spread its wings in Kotdwara and Dogadda /Dugadd by opening branches there in 1910. Maniram Mishra of Sarora village donated land for school in Dogadda. Mission opened a basic school in Dogadda and built a bungalow too.  Mission had to close the school after a few years.
                    References 
1-Shiv Prasad Dabral ‘Charan’, Uttarakhand ka Itihas, Part -8 Garhwal par British -Shasan, part -2, page- .61-103
2- Atkinson, Himalayan Districts, Vol. 3
3-Garhwal Gazetteer
4- Paw, Garhwal settlement reports
5- Census hand book 1951
6- Adams, Reports on pilgrims rout

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Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India,bjkukreti@gmail.com 17/1/2018
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -1137
-
*** History of British Rule/Administration over British Garhwal (Pauri, Rudraprayag, and Chamoli1815-1947) to be continued in next chapter
-
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
 
 History of British Garhwal, Education , Health, History of Devalgarh Garhwal , ; History of Badhan Garhwal; Education , Health History of Barasyun Garhwal; Education , Health History of Chandpur Garhwal; Education , Health History of Chaundkot Garhwal; Education , Health History of  Gangasalan Garhwal;  History of Mallasalan Garhwal;  Education , Health History of Tallasalan Garhwal; Education , Health History of Dashauli Garhwal; Education , Health History of Nagpur Garhwal; Society  in British Garhwal. History of British Garhwal, History of Social Structure and Religious Faith in Chamoli Garhwal, History of Social Structure and Religious Faith of Pauri Garhwal ,  Education , Health, Social and Culture History of Rudraprayag Garhwal

           Major Diseases in British Garhwal 
                  British Administration in Garhwal   -285
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History of British Rule/Administration over Kumaun and Garhwal (1815-1947) -305
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            History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -1139
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                              By: Bhishma Kukreti (History Student)
 Major diseases in Garhwal and Kumaon were – epidemic as plague, cholera, small pox, fever. There was spread of plague in 1823. Then after that it spread in Badhan and Chandpur region many times. A couple of times, plague spread in Malla Salan too and Danpur of Kumaon. Official recognized plague first in Kedarnath region and it was there for many years. There was plague in Nagpur and Badhan regions in 1834 and 1835. Again in 1837, it spread in Badhan and upper Pindar river region. There was plague in 1846-47 in Lobha region. There was plague in a village of Bora region of Kumaon in 1847. There was plague in a village 15 miles away from Almora in 1847. There was plague in Mrora and Dadoli villages of Choprakot ofr Garhwal in rainy season of 1849. There was plague in 1852 and 1876. Death toll was 555 in 1876
 The people had perception that plague used to start from Haridwar kumbh mela. The worms of Plague remained with pots, dresses etc of pilgrims visiting Badrinath from Haridwar. People had perception that first rats die and then plague spread. It was astounding reality that wherever epidemic spread the main meal of people was Marsu, Rajdana/Chua. It was guessed that there was some relation of Marsu (Amaranthus). Government warned people that if rats start dying in a village, people should immediately vacate the village. However, many people used stay in villages even after rats sudden death and they used to get affected by plague. However, where people used to run away after sudden death of rat they used to survive.
      Government deputed tow experts Francis and Dr. Pearson for getting opinion about plague in Garhwal. Dr. Pearson was Superintendent for vaccination. Dr. Pearson suggested for steps to be taken for preventing losses by plague.
  Let people separate themselves from plague affected person. The dresses of effected person should immediately be burnt.  Pearson found and reported that the persons got plague because they did not know anything about hygiene. The plague spread more in the villages where people live together with cattle and chickens and those keep dung near their house. The persons taking old grain food were also conducive to epidemic. The disease spread on village where people grow tendril vegetables on their country yard and creepers grow on house roofs or walls. Hemp growing habits nearby house was one of the factors too. Hemp was hurdle in air circulation. Not taking bath, not cleaning body for months was major cause of epidemic.
  Dr. Pearson descried pain of epidemics as follows-
   “Whenever there was plague starts in a village, villagers leave the patients and don’t see the relation. The parents leave children, wife leaves husband and so. People run away leaving standing crop and all household items as it is. Many spend time aloof in jungle and many die there due to hunger and unconducive conditions.”
    Dr. Pearson suggested a few hygiene rules for villagers. Government publicized those rules in villages. The rules or suggestions stated that there should be window in each room. People started having window in new houses built by them. Government suggested that people should paint houses by white lime or Kamera and people followed the same. Government appointed Paswan for compelling people following rules about hygiene and building separate cattle house far from houses. People became aware of effects of cleanliness and disease prevention. There was decrease in epidemic and other epidemic and other diseases by cleanliness drive by the government.  Government took step in aware ness about cleanliness in Pilgrim roads. Government took many steps for cleanliness all over and it was effective in reducing diseases.
 The government appointed a committee under Adam about health care on pilgrim roads in 1913.
     There was an epidemic in Garhwal. That epidemic spread after intervals in many prts of Garhwal. Dr. Major recognized it as plague only. 
             

             
                    References 
1-Shiv Prasad Dabral ‘Charan’, Uttarakhand ka Itihas, Part -8 Garhwal par British -Shasan, part -2, page- .61-103
2- Atkinson, Himalayan Districts, Vol. 3
3-Garhwal Gazetteer
4- Paw, Garhwal settlement reports
5- Census hand book 1951
6- Adams, Reports on pilgrims rout

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Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India,bjkukreti@gmail.com 19/1/2018
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -1139
-
*** History of British Rule/Administration over British Garhwal (Pauri, Rudraprayag, and Chamoli1815-1947) to be continued in next chapter
-
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
 
 History of British Garhwal, Education , Health, History of Devalgarh Garhwal , ; History of Badhan Garhwal; Education , Health History of Barasyun Garhwal; Education , Health History of Chandpur Garhwal; Education , Health History of Chaundkot Garhwal; Education , Health History of  Gangasalan Garhwal;  History of Mallasalan Garhwal;  Education , Health History of Tallasalan Garhwal; Education , Health History of Dashauli Garhwal; Education , Health History of Nagpur Garhwal; Society  in British Garhwal. History of British Garhwal, History of Social Structure and Religious Faith in Chamoli Garhwal, History of Social Structure and Religious Faith of Pauri Garhwal ,  Education , Health, Social and Culture History of Rudraprayag Garhwal

          Cholera in British Garhwal 
                  British Administration in Garhwal   -287
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History of British Rule/Administration over Kumaun and Garhwal (1815-1947) -307
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            History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -1141
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                              By: Bhishma Kukreti (History Student)
                  Cholera was another disastrous disease that people were always afraid. Cholera was more on the kumbha year when pilgrims used to travel from Haridwar. There was disastrous cholera in 1857, 1867 and 1879 just after Kumbha finished in Haridwar. In 1857 and 1879, Cholera spread up to Mana Badrinath. Pilgrims traveling from Haridwar for Badrinath and Kedarnath they used to carry microbes of Cholera inti Garhwal. In 1882, government made rule that if there was cholera in neighboring districts the people of affected districts would not enter into other districts.
  Atkinson informed that the harijans or scheduled castes were first affected by every epidemic because they used to carry degenerated dead animals and were unable for keeping hygiene. Scheduled caste people were more susceptible for getting epidemic and used to die first.
 On pilgrim road, the companions of cholera affected  person used to leave him on the road and in villages, villagers used to leave cholera affected person for dying his own death. People did noy burry or burn the dead bodies and cholera microbes used to spread through river, rivulets, rain water and air. Those used to take water of cholera affected water  from water sources used to get diseases.
      Even on non Kumbha year, there was cholera on pilgrim roads. The pilgrims used to eat many days old cooked food and get cholera. There was temperature up and down and pilgrims used to catch many diseases as cholera too.
       Poet Shishram (Uttarakhand Bharti April-September 1974) described the disastrous cholera of 1879 the kumbha year as follows-
   “Indian pilgrims from all over India and Garhwali pilgrim gathered at Haridwar in 1879. Cow eater Englishmen roped the camp just adjacent to Hari ki Kund. Mother Ganga became angry. By her rage, there was sudden cholera. People die because of cholera standing. Others ran away from Haridwar to their houses or villages leaving dead bodies on the roads. Nobody was there to fire their bodies (funeral).
   Assistant Commissioner ordered  peons for burying the dead bodies. Many people those ran away from kumbha Haridwar died on the road returning to their destinations.
       As soon as Assistant Commissioner got information about cholera spread he ordered for taking necessary actions. He sent peons to stop Garhwali pilgrims for entering into villages. He ordered Garhwali pilgrims to stay where they were. Assistant commissioner’s team sent medicines and opium to Thakdars and Thokdars were trained how patients should take the medicine. Tehsildar’s order was repeatedly spread that no villager is allowed to enter other village in any circumstance. Heavy fine was announced for breaking the order. Villagers were asked not to allow entry of other village villager. Paswans in each village were kept to check the entry and departure of travelers. Other area travelers were also stopped going to Garhwal villages. Government arranged funeral for pilgrims died on pilgrim roads.”
           s soon as person started descentry, other villagers used to run away from villages leaving alone the cholera affected person. Due to no medical facility, the patient used to die as animals died.
 The death by cholera in each year is as follows (Adams, Report of the pilgrims)
Year --- Death by epidemic (cholera)
1903----4017
1904-----188
1905-----0
1906----3429
1907-----2
1908----2924
1909----1736
1910---782
1911-----76

     
   
                    References 
1-Shiv Prasad Dabral ‘Charan’, Uttarakhand ka Itihas, Part -8 Garhwal par British -Shasan, part -2, page- .61-103
2- Atkinson, Himalayan Districts, Vol. 3
3-Garhwal Gazetteer
4- Paw, Garhwal settlement reports
5- Census hand book 1951
6- Adams, Reports on pilgrims rout

Xx
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India,bjkukreti@gmail.com 21/1/2018
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -1142
-
*** History of British Rule/Administration over British Garhwal (Pauri, Rudraprayag, and Chamoli1815-1947) to be continued in next chapter
-
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
 
 History of British Garhwal, Education , Health, History of Devalgarh Garhwal , ; History of Badhan Garhwal; Education , Health History of Barasyun Garhwal; Education , Health History of Chandpur Garhwal; Education , Health History of Chaundkot Garhwal; Education , Health History of  Gangasalan Garhwal;  History of Mallasalan Garhwal;  Education , Health History of Tallasalan Garhwal; Education , Health History of Dashauli Garhwal; Education , Health History of Nagpur Garhwal; Society  in British Garhwal. History of British Garhwal, History of Social Structure and Religious Faith in Chamoli Garhwal, History of Social Structure and Religious Faith of Pauri Garhwal ,  Education , Health, Social and Culture History of Rudraprayag Garhwal

          Birth Death Ratio in British Garhwal 
                  British Administration in Garhwal   -289
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History of British Rule/Administration over Kumaun and Garhwal (1815-1947) -309
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            History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -1143
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    There was no record keeping system about birth and death before 1864.
 The record up to 1880 reveals that the death rate was 20 on 1000.
 The death rate 1880-85 was 30 on 1000.
In 1880-85the birth rate dropped from 40 on 1000 to 30 on 1000.
In 1882, the deaths were 5943 more than births.
In 1895, deaths were 523 more than births. The deaths were more than other periods in cholera or feminine years. In feminine, people used to take rotted food and invited cholera by default. In 1879 and 1882, there was feminine in those years and number of death by cholera in 1879 were 3473 and in 1882, deaths by cholera were 5943.
  In 1892, deaths were more than births. From 1890-1896, there was nominal population increase.




 



           
                    References 
1-Shiv Prasad Dabral ‘Charan’, Uttarakhand ka Itihas, Part -8 Garhwal par British -Shasan, part -2, page- .61-103
2- Atkinson, Himalayan Districts, Vol. 3
3-Garhwal Gazetteer
4- Paw, Garhwal settlement reports
5- Census hand book 1951
6- Adams, Reports on pilgrims rout

Xx
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India,bjkukreti@gmail.com 23/1/2018
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -1144
-
*** History of British Rule/Administration over British Garhwal (Pauri, Rudraprayag, and Chamoli1815-1947) to be continued in next chapter
-
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
 
 History of British Garhwal, Education , Health, History of Devalgarh Garhwal , ; History of Badhan Garhwal; Education , Health History of Barasyun Garhwal; Education , Health History of Chandpur Garhwal; Education , Health History of Chaundkot Garhwal; Education , Health History of  Gangasalan Garhwal;  History of Mallasalan Garhwal;  Education , Health History of Tallasalan Garhwal; Education , Health History of Dashauli Garhwal; Education , Health History of Nagpur Garhwal; Society  in British Garhwal. History of British Garhwal, History of Social Structure and Religious Faith in Chamoli Garhwal, History of Social Structure and Religious Faith of Pauri Garhwal ,  Education , Health, Social and Culture History of Rudraprayag Garhwal

            Year wise -Disease wise Deaths in British Garhwal 
                  British Administration in Garhwal   -291
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History of British Rule/Administration over Kumaun and Garhwal (1815-1947) -311
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            History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -1145

   There is following Government report on year wise disease wise deaths in Garhwal from 1867-1906 (Garhwal gazetteer)-

Year-----Cholera -----S. pox--------Fever------Indigestion-----Injury—Misc.----Total
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1867-------351-------------47------------1722----------------------------------2038-------4138
68-----------20--------------8-------------1650-----------------------------------2915--------4602
69----------------------------2--------------1992---------1237-------------------1282------4513
70------------6--------------1---------------2134---------------------------------2673-------4820
71----------------------------6---------------255----------2071--------208-------563-------5414
72--------------------------74---------------2356--------2576---------288------563--------5856
73------------27------------28--------------2865--------2207--------------------713-------6201
74----------------------------31--------------3069-------2027----------393-----580-------6070
75------------587----------167--------------2269-------2376-----------262------639------6640
76--------------------------------------------3246--------2500-----------257------560------6513
77--------------------------------------------2719---------2042----------248-------753---->5000
78----------17----------------14-------------3214--------3143----------296--------403--->-7000
79-----------3473------------6---------------2743-------1712----------225--------342--- > 8000
80----------------------------------------------3935--------2384-------344---------247------ >6900
81--------------659------------2---------------3474--------2796-------244--------350---------7525
82------------------------------2----------------4046--------3331-----238---------294---------7921
83-----------------------------9---------------3683----------3824------243---------370---------8129
84---------------------------11----------------3722----------3118-------210-------165--------7226
85-------------33----------5------------------4100-----------3611--------219-----186--------8254
86---------------------------1------------------3835-----------2991--------232-----136-------7195
87------------567----------2------------------4759-----------3925--------200------219-------9211
88-------------3-------------17---------------4779-----------3982----------227-----203-------9211
89-------------109----------1-----------------4656-----------3610---------229------175------8780
90---------------620--------1-----------------6123------------3276---------224-----175------10419
91--------------66-----------13---------------6977------------3232--------236--------189----10713
92------------5943-----------3---------------8966-------------3108--------242-------224-----18481
93------------1525----------13--------------5447--------------3099--------203-------213-----10500
94-------------10-----------124--------------7691--------------4119-------242--------328-----12514
95----------------------------13----------------8845------------3970--------240--------309----13377
96--------------1033----------------------------9987-----------3632
97-------------------------------------------------9687-----------3632
98-------------40-----------------------------------6821---------------2824
99------------659------------------------------------6636-------------3587
1900----------107-----------------------------------5603---------------3132
01-------------129-----------------------------------6012---------------3034
02--------------806-----------------------------------6294---------------3494
03-------------4017------------------------------------7264--------------4309
04---------------188-----------------------------------7194---------------3458
05-------------------------------------------------------8184---------------4897
06-----------------3429---------------------------------6648----------------3941
07------------------2--------------------------------------7382--------------4064
08------------------2924---------------------------------9625---------------3601
09--------------------1736---------------------------------7259--------------2963



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                    References 
1-Shiv Prasad Dabral ‘Charan’, Uttarakhand ka Itihas, Part -8 Garhwal par British -Shasan, part -2, page- .61-103
2- Atkinson, Himalayan Districts, Vol. 3
3-Garhwal Gazetteer
4- Paw, Garhwal settlement reports
5- Census hand book 1951
6- Adams, Reports on pilgrims rout

Xx
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India,bjkukreti@gmail.com 27/1/2018
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -1146
-
*** History of British Rule/Administration over British Garhwal (Pauri, Rudraprayag, and Chamoli1815-1947) to be continued in next chapter
-
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
 
 History of British Garhwal, Education , Health, History of Devalgarh Garhwal , ; History of Badhan Garhwal; Education , Health History of Barasyun Garhwal; Education , Health History of Chandpur Garhwal; Education , Health History of Chaundkot Garhwal; Education , Health History of  Gangasalan Garhwal;  History of Mallasalan Garhwal;  Education , Health History of Tallasalan Garhwal; Education , Health History of Dashauli Garhwal; Education , Health History of Nagpur Garhwal; Society  in British Garhwal. History of British Garhwal, History of Social Structure and Religious Faith in Chamoli Garhwal, History of Social Structure and Religious Faith of Pauri Garhwal ,  Education , Health, Social and Culture History of Rudraprayag Garhwal