MeraPahad Community Of Uttarakhand Lovers

               Health Care in British Garhwal   
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                  British Administration in Garhwal   -214
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History of British Rule/Administration over Kumaun and Garhwal (1815-1947) -234
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            History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -1068
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                              By: Bhishma Kukreti (History Student)
   Garhwal kings and Gorkha rulers were not responsible for health care of the people. God, Ayurveda Vaid and Mantrik were the main medical service providers till British came in the scene in Garhwal.
   Till 1840, British administrations followed Garhwal Kings .
    People did not care for ill health. When the health became r worsened , his or her family members used to go to future tellers (Pucher or Bakki). By getting advice from folk future teller, the family members performed various folk remedies as Ghadela, puja etc for satisfying local deities, village deities or other dissatisfied souls.   
   in each village, there used to be person that knew many herbs for healing injuries, illnesses etc. Most of Karmkandi Brahmins were also Ayurveda medical practitioners.
  Main diseases were malaria, cholera, poxes, different fevers, indigestion, decentries  etc. Women had many more diseases. Children used to die due to stomachache. There was remedy for burning stomach skin by specific cotton type fibers (Gull or Daman).  Old people suffering from bone problems also used to burn the paining body part by sharp pointed iron rod (Tala Lagana ) . Hot stone was also used for bone trouble. Hot or cold water treatments were also there.
    Tubeculacius and leprosy was lesser than other parts.  ye disease were plenty.
  If there is small cut, people used to urinate on that cut for recovery or stopping infection. Toothache was another problem and there were some herbs for curing toothache too. People used to put herbs juices or blood of a specific bird for curing ear diseases.
  Skin diseases as boils, pimples, itching, scarab, were  common in summer and rainy season. .
  Every villager knew importance of ginger, black pepper, clove and other herbs for certain diseases.
   

       
   References 
1-Shiv Prasad Dabral ‘Charan’, Uttarakhand ka Itihas, Part -7 Garhwal par British -Shasan, part -1, page- 343-456
2- Atkinson, Himalayan Districts Vol.2,
2 A- Trail Sketch of Kumaon, Asiatic Researches
3-Pau, Garhwal settlement
4- Becket, Garhwal Settlement Report
5-English Pre Mutiny Records 1824, Part - 1 , vol. 24
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Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India,bjkukreti@gmail.com 5/11/2017
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -1069
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*** History of British Rule/Administration over British Garhwal (Pauri, Rudraprayag, and Chamoli1815-1947) to be continued in next chapter
-
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
 
 History of British Garhwal, Education , Health, History of Devalgarh Garhwal , ; History of Badhan Garhwal; Education , Health History of Barasyun Garhwal; Education , Health History of Chandpur Garhwal; Education , Health History of Chaundkot Garhwal; Education , Health History of  Gangasalan Garhwal;  History of Mallasalan Garhwal;  Education , Health History of Tallasaln Garhwal; Education , Health History of Dashauli Garhwal; Education , Health History of Nagpur Garhwal; Society  in British Garhwal. History of British Garhwal, History of Social Structure and Religious Faith in Chamoli Garhwal, History of Social Structure and Religious Faith of Pauri Garhwal ,  Education , Health, Social and Culture History of Rudraprayag Garhwal

             Dissatisfaction among People in British Garhwal   
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                  British Administration in Garhwal   -216
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History of British Rule/Administration over Kumaun and Garhwal (1815-1947) -236
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            History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -1070
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                              By: Bhishma Kukreti (History Student)
                     In Garhwal too, by 1850, the dissatisfaction among elite class, poets and families of administrators in Garhwal Kingdom and Gorkha rule against British rule started generating and it was enhancing. The revolution of 1857 was the result of dissatisfaction against British rule.
      Whether, Indians believe or not the dissatisfaction was more from ex kings than general public. Many families those depended on Ex-Kings did not have any job and they were against British rules.
         Call from Vaninidhi from Nepal
 Vaninidhi was a Nepali Sanskrit scholar (Chitranjan Nepali, General Bhimsen aur Tatkalin Nepal). Around 1818, Vaninidhi wrote an inspirational and energetic poetry in Sanskrit for Indian Kings for unity and dispatching British from India. Vannidhi wrote that –
   That island man gora (British) is spreading his jaws badly in India. He (British) destroyed Indian Kings by luring, punishment, dividing kings, diplomacy and winnable strategies. 
There is a dangerous epidemic of destruction of Indian kingdoms. Hear our request! That white man is here to destroy all communities. Therefore, you all kings attack on him unitedly. By unity you will get desired one. All Kings of south, west, north and east, forgetting  your enmity and be united and attack on British.Otherwise, this white man will destroy we one by one.
     Bhimsen Thapa the Nepal Prime Minister sent the letter to many Indian kings.
        Basbanand Bahuguna the first Garhwali Revolutionist against British
          There was dissatisfaction against British among many elites near Shrinagar Garhwal from the day British occupied Shrinagar. It is said famous astrologer and Sanskrit scholar Basbanand Bahuguna of Kothar village started spreading views against British from the day British came to Garhwal. Basbanand Bahuguna used to provoke people against British. British became conscious about Basbanand. Basbanand ran away from Garhwal via Dhangu and Nazibabad to Holkar kingdom. Later on, Basbanand reached to Ranjit Singh court (Karmbhumi, 26/6/1974).
                Call by Maularam against British
   
        No doubt, Maularam loved Garhwal but was a Charan Poet or greedy poet for gifts from rulers. Maulram wrote poems on the contemporary conditions of people under British rule. This author is surprised how Maulram could criticize British rule as compared to Garhwali Kings and Gorkha rules. Even in the initial stage, British rule was far better than Gorkha rule and Garhwal king rules.
 Maularam called to all Kings for unity and dispatch British rule from India. Maularm also called Hindu and Muslims for unity for fighting against British. Dr. Dabral in his book wrote, “We can’t call this emotion of Vaninidhi and Maularam as personal emotion. But it was the reality that there was dissatisfaction among people against British rule.”
    Tis author has another view. Maularam was always interested in getting position for Court Poet  and he went to Nepal too for getting the gifts and wrote appreciating poems on Nepal King. In British rule, Maularam did not get his Jagir back from British administration as he wanted. Vaninidhi was also a court poet. In reality, both were not interested in analyzing the pain of common people but were interested in in past rulers getting affected by British rule. Nepal lost Uttarakhand and Himachal due to British and Vaninidhi had to be against British. Maularam was not getting any prominence position from British administrators and definitely had to be against British. He described the conditions of ex- Garhwal or Gorkha ministers and not people. There was no difference in people conditions between Garhwal, Gorkha or initial British rule. On the contrary British were more conscious for people causes than Garhwal Kings or Gorkha rulers.
           Promise by China King against British
 Nepal king sent a letter to China King at the time of East India company and Nepal war that after British winning Nepal territory, British would go for capturing China and Tibet. Nepla King requested China King for help when Indian Kings would be united and fight against British. China King sent his commander Chyanchun for knowing the reality. However, when Chinese commander reached to Digarchi Tibet, there was Sigoli pact between Nepal and British. Chinese King never accepted for sending its army against British for helping Indian Kings. However,in India,  the news spread very fast that Chinese King was dispatching huge army for helping Indian kings against British. That news also reached to Shrinagar and Maularam wrote about such news in Firangi –Amal. Dr. Dabral wrote that people’s dissatisfaction increased by that news. This author states that instead of people the Indian Kings under British or ex kings and their jobless ministers or administers were dissatisfied more than people. In this author’s opinion, Ex Chand King and his men would be dissatisfied rather Kumaonis were dissatisfied due to British rule.
                     Opposition by Gujjar dacoits against British
                  Dr. Dabral wrote about revolution by Gujjar against British by referring History and Culture of the Indian people vol-9, part 1, pages 440-441. By 18324, people were so much dissatisfied against British that they started revolting against British. In each district, people showed their dissatisfaction by various ways and means.  Gujjar revolted against British in 1824. The kingdom of Gujjar King Ramdyal was in large part of Saharanpur. In 1804, Ramdayal helped Garhwal King Pradyuman Shah for getting armed forces. Ramdayal died in 1813 and company acquired his Kingdom. Gujjar force revolted abut British suppressed the revolution in 1813.
        Vijay Singh the Kunja talukdar , a  relative of  Ramdayal revolted against British. That means it was not people’s revolution by ex-king’s family opposition against British. Another Gujjar leader Kalyan Singh (Kalua) supported Vijay Singh Relative of Ex-King Ramdayal). British officers were taking revenue money from Jwalapur to Saharanpur under supervision of 200 soldiers.  Kalyan Singh looted the treasury. The terror fear of Kalyan Singh increased in Saharanpur, Haridwar and Dehradun region. Kalyan Singh declared himself a King and started collecting tax from people by deputing his dacoit servants. Kalyan Singh declared that he wanted freedom from British and would free the territory. People were now afraid of his declaration. They were sure that , then , definitely, Kalyan Singh would loot Saharanpur region. 200 soldiers were snet after him. When British soldiers would reach near him, Kalyan Singh would escape in Tehri (Dehradun) and Garhwal Bhabhar forests. Garhwalis never followed that dacoit because he used to loot Garhwal region too (folk Storry). After British army (Gorkha soldiers)  getting back to Saharanpur, Kalyan Singh and his men used to go back to their territory. They used to loot Garhwal and Tehri region while coming back to Rurkee region.
 Gorkha solders of British army killed Vijay Singh and Kalyan Singh and Bhura and Kunwar took their places. They regularly looted Navada,  Raypur, Kartarpur, Kalaghati, Bhagwanpur, Jwalapur, looting in Rishikesh and other places. the looting stories of kalyan singh, Vijay singh, Bhura and Kunwar were spreading in Garhwal. In 1825 summer, 3000 pilgrims started their journey from Haridwar for Uttarakhand. Bhura and kunwar gangs looted pilgrims and killed many too. In 1828, British killed Bhura and Kunwar.
            This author’s views are as-
Who was that Gujjars force ? Those were dacoits only and used to loot hill territories including Bhabhar, Dehradun and Nahan region. Their income was from looting. British tried to stop looting of those looters or dacoits an definitely those dacoits and ex-dacoits King’s family members, their army would go against British. Historians never stated that farmers of Saharanpur, Rurki , Bijnor were against British but wrote people were against British. In case of heirs of Dacoit king Ramdayal is concerned, looter’s army was dissatisfied because British was controlling their looting in South Garhwal including Dehradun. In the name of patriotism, it is bad for historian naming ‘Revolution’ for looting and going against British by Vijay Singh and Gangs.
            1857 Revolution
            In 1857, there was revolt against British from army and many Indian ex-kings or contemporary Kings    On 29th March 1857, at Bairakpur camp, an Indian soldier Mangal Pandey revolted against using gun Kartus and British. Mangal Pandey fired on British officers.
 In April there was revolt from Indian soldiers in Ambala and in May soldiers refused using Kartus in Lucknow camp. The restlessness and indiscipline among Indian soldiers was in increase. British government broke the 19th and 34th battalions of Native infantry and Awadh Regiment.
       Soldier revolution n Meerut
 On 24th 1857, 85 soldiers of Meerut camp stopped touching Kartus. On 9th May, British officers declared 10 years prison for those soldiers before other soldiers and people. Indian soldiers revolted against British and stared marching to Delhi. They freed criminals from jil. by knowing the incidents, the criminals of Meerut took chance and met soldiers at Meerut Bazaar  and started looting people and killing British people including women and children.   Indian soldiers went towards Delhi as it was not possible for them to resist against white army. British army killed criminals those looted and killed white men.
            Delhi   
        Soldiers from Meerut camp reached to red Fort on 11th May 1857 and met Bahadur Shah Zafar the weakest Mogul King. Soldiers requested him for becoming their leader against British. Bahadur Shah Zafar agreed. Soldiers declared bahadur Shah as Indian Badshah.
  More soldiers from Meerut reached to Delhi.  Those soldiers started searching British people and started killing them. Indian soldiers and British officers in Delhi camp did not have courage to resist them. Meerut soldiers reached to Delhi camp and Indian soldiers changed the side and met with Meerut soldiers.  They together started killing British people and army staff. British had to flee from Delhi. Before, fleeing, British staff ignited gun powder store. There ws no British man in Delhi within  four five days.
 The soldiers declared that We are sending message to all Hindus and Muslims that  British wants to destroy our religions and want to make we all Christians. Therefore, we did not keep alive a single British in Delhi. We have resurged Bahadur Shah Zafar as India King. We captured a lot of gun store and weapons. Those who don’t want to convert in Christianity be united and see that no Firanngi is left.
    By spreading that news, there was unrest everywhere. in many army camp, soldiers revolted against British and with people they killed British people. Criminals got chances and started looting British, government treasury and prosperous people.
               Unrest in Saharanpur
  The news of Delhi camp revolt reached to Saharanpur on 12th May 1857. British officlas started marching towards Garhwal hills from Saharanpur. Understanding that British rule was over, Gujjar and Raghar started looting people in Saharanpur and there were riots in Saharanpur. Gujjar and Raghar looted treasury, Tehsil and police camps. Soldiers killed British officers and freed criminals from jail.
                         Bareli
     The f looter ex Nabab of Rohilkhand had to be dissatisfied from British because in British rule, Nabab and their men were not free to lot Garhwal and Kumaon and other areas. . The heir of Rohilkhand Nabab Khan Bahadur Khan was getting pension of Rs. 100. he also understood that British rule was over.  Khan Bahadur Khan declared himself s Subedar of Badshah Zafar of Delhi. The Bareli commandant Sibald was in Almora when new came to Bareli about Delhi revolt. He reached to Bareli on 21st may. He made soldiers aware about revolt. However, by that time, revolutionist soldiers reached to camp with Islamic green flags. Indian soldiers took side of revolutionists. They together killed British people. Most of English men with their families ran towards Almora and Nainital.
                        Rampur
       Rampur Nabab Yusufali Khan was supporter of British. He offered shelter to many British officers and people. There was chance of revolution on Id. It was presumed that if revolution was successful in Rampur, revolutionists might march to Nainital. Nabab arranged sending English children and women to Almora. 
                               Bijnor   
             There was no army camp in Bijnor. The news of revolution reached on 19th May. Criminals, Gujjar, Mewatis, Chauhans  and prisoned criminals started looting people and government treasuries and burnt properties. British started running towards Rurkee camp.
    Bamboo Khan was grandson of Nazibuduala and brother of defamed looter Gulam Kadir.  As soon as news of Bahadur Shah taking over reins reached to Bareli and Lucknow, Lucknow Nabab Vajidali Shah and Bamboo Khan of Bareli took lead for leading revolutionists and criminals or looters. Most of Bareli Muslims were in support of Bamboo Khan.
   Hindus of Bareli did not forget the cruel oppression by Muslim rulers. They were ready for fight against those revolutionists. A couple of Muslim leaders were also supporters of British as Sayyad Ahmed Khan, Muhamad Rahmat Khan  and Mir Turab Allau Khann.
  Bamboo Khan started oppressing Hindus those were supporting British. Bambu Khn sent his nephew (Nazibabad Tahsildar) Ahmed Ulla Khan for oppressing Sherkot  Chaudhri Umrao Singh.
      Bambu Khan started sending messages to Hindu Jagirdar for accepting his ruling. It is said that he sent messenger to  Tehri king Sudarshan Shah for revolting against British.
     Hindus go united against Bamboo Khan. The unitedly attacked on Sherkot and Ahmed Ulla Khan had to flee on5th August night from Sherkot for Nazibabad.
  Next day theChaudhris of Hladar and Hindu Jagirdar of Bijnor with thousands of mussel men with wood rods started marching towards Bijnor. Hindus defeated Nabab armed forces. Naba had to flee from Bijnor for Nazibabad. Getting news of win by Hindus over Nabab,  Rohila Muslims from Nazibabad and Nagina  marched towards Bijnor and looted Hindu villages. Nabab Bamboo Khan looted Haridwar, Kankhal in January 1858. Bamboo Khan wanted to destroy Ganga dam but canal department men fought with Bamboo Khan and his looters with bravery and protected Ganga dam (Biraj). Bamboo Khan returned after looting Haridwar area.
     On 18th April, British captured Nazibabad. Pathar Garh fort was empty. British sent Bamboo Khan to ‘Kalapani’ and captured his properties and properties of his supporters. By that act, looting by dacoits (Nabab’s men) in Bhabhar Garhwal was weakened.
   
 


   References 
1-Shiv Prasad Dabral ‘Charan’, Uttarakhand ka Itihas, Part -7 Garhwal par British -Shasan, part -1, page- 343-456
2- Atkinson, Himalayan Districts Vol.2,
2 A- Trail Sketch of Kumaon, Asiatic Researches
3-Pau, Garhwal settlement
4- Becket, Garhwal Settlement Report
5-Histroy and Culture of the indian people , vol. 9, part 1. chapter 13
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Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India,bjkukreti@gmail.com 5/11/2017
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -1071
-
*** History of British Rule/Administration over British Garhwal (Pauri, Rudraprayag, and Chamoli1815-1947) to be continued in next chapter
-
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
 
 History of British Garhwal, Education , Health, History of Devalgarh Garhwal , ; History of Badhan Garhwal; Education , Health History of Barasyun Garhwal; Education , Health History of Chandpur Garhwal; Education , Health History of Chaundkot Garhwal; Education , Health History of  Gangasalan Garhwal;  History of Mallasalan Garhwal;  Education , Health History of Tallasaln Garhwal; Education , Health History of Dashauli Garhwal; Education , Health History of Nagpur Garhwal; Society  in British Garhwal. History of British Garhwal, History of Social Structure and Religious Faith in Chamoli Garhwal, History of Social Structure and Religious Faith of Pauri Garhwal ,  Education , Health, Social and Culture History of Rudraprayag Garhwal

             1857 Gadar Effects in British Garhwal, Uttarakhand     
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                  British Administration in Garhwal   -218
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History of British Rule/Administration over Kumaun and Garhwal (1815-1947) -238
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            History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -1072
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                              By: Bhishma Kukreti (History Student)
             There was no specific restless in Garhwal at all.  Deputy Commissioner Becket put armed force on entry points at all posts of Garhwal.  As soon as he used to get information about unrest or disturbance , Becket used to reach there. Becket was busy in land settlement as there was no possibility of disturbance in British Garhwal. Becket postponed land settlement from June 1857 to December 1858.
               Garhwalis were happy because of freedom from cruel Gorkha rule. It was assumed that outsiders would come to Shrinagar. Becket called 4 Gurkha battalions and 1 Nasauri battalion in Shrinagar.  Ramsey ordered that administration should punish rebellions immediately. One day, administration found a dozen of rebellion. Administration took them to Shrinagar. A loyalist named ‘Loyal’ killed them by gun fire (Chandmari) at Tibari Shrinagar.
  There was possibility that Rohilaa and bamboo khan would attack on Bhabhar Garhwal. Padma Singh and Shiv Ram Mishra assured government that they would protect Bhabhar Both were very powerful and loyal Jamindar of Bhabhar and some part of Salan.
        Padma Singh and shiv Ram Mishra protected Bhabhar very well and did not allow looters to come to Garhwal.
  British Government offered them Jamindari in Bijnor after 1857.
   References 
1-Shiv Prasad Dabral ‘Charan’, Uttarakhand ka Itihas, Part -7 Garhwal par British -Shasan, part -1, page- 343-456
2- Atkinson, Himalayan Districts Vol.2,
2 A- Trail Sketch of Kumaon, Asiatic Researches
3-Pau, Garhwal settlement
4- Becket, Garhwal Settlement Report
5-Histroy and Culture of the Indian people, vol. 9, part 1. Chapter 13
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Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India,bjkukreti@gmail.com 8/11/2017
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -1073
-
*** History of British Rule/Administration over British Garhwal (Pauri, Rudraprayag, and Chamoli1815-1947) to be continued in next chapter
-
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
 
 History of British Garhwal, Education , Health, History of Devalgarh Garhwal , ; History of Badhan Garhwal; Education , Health History of Barasyun Garhwal; Education , Health History of Chandpur Garhwal; Education , Health History of Chaundkot Garhwal; Education , Health History of  Gangasalan Garhwal;  History of Mallasalan Garhwal;  Education , Health History of Tallasaln Garhwal; Education , Health History of Dashauli Garhwal; Education , Health History of Nagpur Garhwal; Society  in British Garhwal. History of British Garhwal, History of Social Structure and Religious Faith in Chamoli Garhwal, History of Social Structure and Religious Faith of Pauri Garhwal ,  Education , Health, Social and Culture History of Rudraprayag Garhwal

             Loyalty for British rule in British Garhwal 
                  British Administration in Garhwal   -315
       -
History of British Rule/Administration over Kumaun and Garhwal (1815-1947) -335
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            History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -1169
          By:  Bhishma Kukreti (History Student)   
     
         Four to five Garhwali generations experienced British rules from 1815-1900. Maularam or Vasvanand Bahuguna was no more for resisting British rule. There was no fear of Gorkha attack or Sikh looting in plains of Garhwal. Farmers were having more facilities than previous rules. British encouraged cutting forest and adding agricultural land.  Garhwalis experienced new type of prosperity too. There were now, new opportunities for getting government jobs too. There was no unrest in Garhwal in 1857.
  The priest Hari Sharma Manu built a Rajrajeeshwar Bhawan in Kynkleshwar Temple Pauri. He established Idol of George V in the building inaugurated by Deputy Commissioner Clay. Commissioner Campbell gifted Idol to Kyunkleshwar Temple priest. Indian and European elites attended the functions.
      Urbi Datt Dangwal from Tehri published a Sanskrit  epic Edwrodsvasham’ in 1905 based on British rulers history. Tehri King Kirti Shah helped Dngwal in publishing the epic. Parmanand Kotiyal wrote poetrie George Prashasti (praising George)  in Sanskrit and Kotnala published a long Garhwali poem Lord Ripens.
     In Kumaun too, elites were competing each other for getting British officers Kripa (blessings) and government jobs. Elites were praising British rules.
         Garhwali elites as Taradatt Gairola, Kula Nand Barthwal, Patiram Parmar, Ghana Nand Khanduri, Jodhsingh Negi had opinion that only British can protect welfare of Garhwal. British Government awarded them ray Bahadur position.
        Students in used to sing prayer in schools – Ishwar Chirayu rakhen Maharaj George Pamcham (God Save the King George V).
    Ravindra raigor created a poem Jan Gan Man ..’ in praise of British King. After independence, India adapted the poem as National Song.
   
  Dr. Patiram appreciated the British rule in his book Garhwal Ancient and Modern (page 210-29).
    In 1912, when Girija Datt Naithani started his printing press for publishing Garhwal Samachar’ he named his press ‘Stowell Press’. Stowell was Deputy Commissioner of Garhwal.
     
    Most Garhwalis appreciated British rules.  Government servants always avoided criticizing British rules or avoided showing dissatisfaction for British rule. Government servants also avoided friends those were against British.

           
                    References   1-Shiv Prasad Dabral ‘Charan’, Uttarakhand ka Itihas, Part -8 Garhwal par British -Shasan, part -2, page- .
2- Atkinson, Himalayan Districts, Vol. 3
3-Garhwal Gazetteer
4- Paw, Garhwal settlement reports
5- Census hand book 1951
6- Adams, Reports on pilgrims rout

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Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India,bjkukreti@gmail.com 14/3/2018
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -1170
-
*** History of British Rule/Administration over British Garhwal (Pauri, Rudraprayag, and Chamoli1815-1947) to be continued in next chapter
-
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
 
 History of British Garhwal, Education , Caste, History of Devalgarh Garhwal , ; History of Badhan Garhwal; Education , Caste History of Barasyun Garhwal; Education , Caste, History of Chandpur Garhwal; Education , Caste History of Chaundkot Garhwal; Education , Caste History of  Gangasalan Garhwal;  History of Mallasalan Garhwal;  Education , Caste, History of Tallasalan Garhwal; Education , Caste History of Dashauli Garhwal; Education , Caste, History of Nagpur Garhwal; Society  in British Garhwal. History of British Garhwal, History of Social Structure and Religious Faith in Chamoli Garhwal, History of Social Structure and Religious Faith of Pauri Garhwal ,  Education , Health, Social and Culture History of Rudraprayag Garhwal

               New Social Awareness in British Garhwal 
                  British Administration in Garhwal   -318
       -
History of British Rule/Administration over Kumaun and Garhwal (1815-1947) -338
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            History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -1172
          By:  Bhishma Kukreti (History Student)   
        In second half of century of British rule, there was tremendous social awareness among Garhwalis barring Shilpkar.
       Most of individuals and families got benefits from the newer prosperity, more comfortable than past life and safer life. Even Shilpkar got more jobs from Bith or land owners than past. Society got opportunities for education and jobs. Brahmins and Rajput became aware about showing their past more respectful. The Village deities were connected with classical deities through rituals and folk songs. Most of Brahmin and Rajput were eager for following classical Hindu rituals.
   However, there was less awareness among Shilpkar /scheduled caste communities for their social status. Many families had relation with Muslims but never liked to convert into Islam. A few Shilpkar adopt Christianity but most of Shilpkar refused to follow even after many luring facilities from missionaries. Around end of nineteenth century, Shilpkar became more aware about their social rights, social statues and education and prosperity by jobs. Arya Samaj offered them self-empowerment.
     From 1914 till 1947, there happened hundreds of important incidents in Garhwal. Those incidents changed the social structure one eighty degree.
   In First World War, Garhwali got Victoria Cross ad world recognized a new class of brave community.     

                References   1-Shiv Prasad Dabral ‘Charan’, Uttarakhand ka Itihas, Part -8 Garhwal par British -Shasan, part -2, page- .
2- Atkinson, Himalayan Districts, Vol. 3
3-Garhwal Gazetteer
4- Paw, Garhwal settlement reports
5- Census hand book 1951


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Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India,bjkukreti@gmail.com 17/3/2018
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -1173
-
*** History of British Rule/Administration over British Garhwal (Pauri, Rudraprayag, and Chamoli1815-1947) to be continued in next chapter
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(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
 
 History of British Garhwal, Education , Caste, History of Devalgarh Garhwal , ; History of Badhan Garhwal; Education , Caste History of Barasyun Garhwal; Education , Caste, History of Chandpur Garhwal; Education , Caste History of Chaundkot Garhwal; Education , Caste History of  Gangasalan Garhwal;  History of Mallasalan Garhwal;  Education , Caste, History of Tallasalan Garhwal; Education , Caste History of Dashauli Garhwal; Education , Caste, History of Nagpur Garhwal; Society  in British Garhwal. History of British Garhwal, History of Social Structure and Religious Faith in Chamoli Garhwal, History of Social Structure and Religious Faith of Pauri Garhwal ,  Education , Health, Social and Culture History of Rudraprayag Garhwal