MeraPahad Community Of Uttarakhand Lovers

   
 Courageous Deeds by Indra Singh against British rule 
                  British Administration in Garhwal   -329
       -
History of British Rule/Administration over Kumaun and Garhwal (1815-1947) -349
-
            History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -1184
          By:  Bhishma Kukreti (History Student)   
       The revolutionists as Bhagat singh , Azad and their works influenced many freedom loving and courageous Garhwali youth for opposing British. Many migrated Garhwali youth helped those revolutionists.
    Famous revolutionist Shambhunath Azad offered many details of revolutionist Garhwali youth to Mrs. Durgavati Satpathi ( Satyapath, 1st December 1972).    One of revolutionists was Indra Singh. Perhaps , Indra Singh belonged to Tehri Garhwal. Indra Singh was fair but black , rounded face,  and his age was 22 to 24. Indra Singh lived in Amritsar from 1928-1930. Indra Singh was active member of ‘Naujavan Bharat Sabha’. ( later on -Hindustani, Samajvadi Prajatantrik Sangh).  Indra Singh used to serve in a newspaper seller. Indra Singh was active volunteer in Congress conference of December 1929. In 1929, Shambhu Nath Azad confirmed Indra Singh as member of his revolutionist party and trained him for using arms. In December, Indra Singh was trying to visit Banaras with arms along with Shambhunath Azad.  Police caught him with arm bundle in December 1930.Indra Singh did not open his mouth for telling his associates details. Government shifted Indra Singh  to Kashmiri gate police station and tortured him but he did not open his mouth. Judge sentenced him for seven years jail but after appeal, jail term was reduced to three years.
 After his release from prison, ‘Naujavan Bharat Sabha sent him to south India as convener. From 1933, Indra Singh started living in Madras with another revolutionist Sohan Lal Mehra. Sabha offered Indra Singh job for contacting revolutionists from North India -Gwalior, Delhi and Kolkatta. Besides, other jobs, he was designated for killing Governor of Madras Presidency. Indra Singh changed his get up and became ‘Prem Prakash Muni for getting information on travelling of Governor. From that time, friends called him Iindra Singh as ‘Prem Prakash muni’.(Same as Satyapath).
             Sohan Lal Mehra ‘Shahid’ already made the plan for killing he Governor. However, police got the information and surrounded Indra Singh at Navjavan Sabha office , Tambu Chetti Street , Central Madras on 4th May 1933. Getting information, Indra Singh burnt all papers and went on roof with loaded guns with his three associates. all four revolutionists fired guns on police party for five hours.  Later on police closed doors of all houses nearby. Then police called more force. Revolutionists were then , with empty guns. They threw a bomb on police party and tried for escape under  smoke.
    Police Commissioner killed Govind Ram Bahal with his gun. Police caught Indra Singh and sent him to Kala Pani for 20 years jail. British government also sent Shambhu Nath Azad to Kala Pani. Officials put Shambhu Natha ‘Shahid’ and Indra Singh togather in condemned cell. Due to aggressive nature, later on officials shifted Indra Singh to Central Jail Bellari.
    Officials kept Indra singh with another revolutionist Sardar Banta Singh in condemned cell in Bellari jail. Both created good relation with Jail warden Joseph and escaped from Jail.
       After catching Indra Singh, Officials sent Indra Singh to Secular Jail in Andaman. There were already 400 revolutionists in that jail.  In 1937, Revolutionists including indra Singh went for fast till death in jail. Officials shifted Indra Singh to Lahore Jail.  Central government of Sir Iyat Khan freed Indra Singh, Sardar Banta Singh and Khushiram Mehta from Lahore Jail. However, Punjab government did not allow them to be in Punjab.
                  Indra Singh came to Meerut and started living in office of Kirti Kisan magazine. Later on , Shambhu Nat joined Indra Singh in Meerut. Police caught Indra Singh in 1939. Government freed Indra Singh in 1945.  After freeing from jail, Indra Singh joined Communist party of India and started living in its office till 1952. However, after 1952, no body saw Indra Singh alive.
 (As per narration of Shambu Nth to Durgvati Satpathi, Satyapath, 1st December 1972 and Dr Dabral Uttarakhnad ka Itihas part -8)
   
     
     
XX
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India,bjkukreti@gmail.com 17/5//2018
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -1185
-
*** History of British Rule/Administration over British Garhwal (Pauri, Rudraprayag, and Chamoli1815-1947) to be continued in next chapter
-
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
 
 History of British Garhwal, Education , Caste, History of Devalgarh Garhwal , ; History of Badhan Garhwal; Education , Caste History of Barasyun Garhwal; Education , Caste, History of Chandpur Garhwal; Education , Caste History of Chaundkot Garhwal; Education , Caste History of  Gangasalan Garhwal;  History of Mallasalan Garhwal;  Education , Caste, History of Tallasalan Garhwal; Education , Caste History of Dashauli Garhwal; Education , Caste, History of Nagpur Garhwal; Society  in British Garhwal. History of British Garhwal, History of Social Structure and Religious Faith in Chamoli Garhwal, History of Social Structure and Religious Faith of Pauri Garhwal ,  Education , Health, Social and Culture History of Rudraprayag Garhwal.
         

   Chandra Singh Garhwali and Peshawar incident
                  British Administration in Garhwal   -332
       -
History of British Rule/Administration over Kumaun and Garhwal (1815-1947) -352
-
            History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -1187
          By:  Bhishma Kukreti (History Student)   
      Mahatma Gandhi did not influence only Garhwali students but other Garhwalis engaged in various occupations including army.  Garhwalis became famous for their courage, patience, intellect and super active characteristics in First World War. However, Garhwalis showed other patriotic characters in 1930 while dealing with freedom fighters in Peshawar.
    Government banned Gandhi cap in Lansdowne. That ban could not stop people loving Gandhi cap. Master Tekchand verma founded Arya Samaj in Lansdowne in 1923. There used to be Havan and preaching in Ary Samaj temple on Sunday. Soldiers could walk on streets on Sunday. By contacting local people, soldiers came to know about Gandhi movement. Once Havaldar Chandra Singh Bhandari (Later on Chandra Singh Garhwali) , Halvaldar Narayan Singh and Subedar Gaur Singh visited Arya Samaj Temple and got influenced by Tekchand Verma. Halvaldar Chandra Singh Bhandari was active for movement of banning cow slaughtering in Lansdowne. Later on Cow slaughtering Lansdowne was banned.
    There were nonviolent and violent freedom movements in India . a small portion of Garhwal riffle battalion was stationed at Peshawarin 1930. Garhwali soldiers used to meet in a cell in night and used to read newspapers and used to discuss freedom fight movement too. ( Chandra Singh Garhwali, 26 january  1956, Karmabhumi )
 Two Garhwali soldiers went to bazar without informing Havldar Chandra Singh Bhanadari. Those soldiers watched huge Congress procession making salt at Shahi Baug for breaking salt rule . They discussed in night and all decided for supporting freedom fighters.
                On 22nd April 1930, Army Commander  told to Garhwal rifle members that in a Muslim majority locality , Muslims were distressing minority Hindus by cow slaughters and abusing Hindu deities. Officials told to soldiers that soldiers had to protect minority Hindus. Officils informed that army had to visit town and if required soldiers were to fire on Muslim culprits.
    When Commander finished his speech, a soldier asked, “ here everybody is same , every body speaks same language and put on same dress. How can we differentiate between Muslims and Hindus.” Commander told that at that time, deputy commissioner would lead the soldiers.
               Later on, Chandra Singh Bhandari made them understand that British government wanted to fire on freedom fighters. All agreed that they  would not fire on Indians .
  British Commander took a troop of Garhwal Rifle soldiers on truck to Bazar. He had apprehension about Chhandr singh Bhandari and did not take Bhandari with troop . However, Chandra Singh Bhandari reached there water on mules for troop. There was a Congress procession in the city. The crowd was shouting slogans with enthusiasm. A British officer came riding on bike in the crowd and his bike pushed few people. Crowd became furious and burnt his motor bike. Officials called soldiers. The Gorkha, Garhwali and Sikh regiment soldiers reached there and officers sent them t various places in the city.
      British arranged killing the people for demolishing their enthusiasm. Aircrafts were flying in the sky. 
    The Garhwali Soldiers were at gate of Naubatkhana. People procession was just near the gate. Brigadior and other British officers were there in Naubatkhana.Brish officers asked Garhwali soldiers to push back processon. Soldiers talked to people but people were not ready going back. They were shouting freedom slogans. Angree British officer ordered Garhwali soldiers for firing on the crowd, “ Garhwalis fire three round gun fires”. Suddenly there was a strong call, “ Garhwalis Don’t fire and put rifle down”. Garhwali solders tanding on both the sides of procession put down their guns.
   Officers took guns from soldiers and put them as prisoners. Second day on 24th April, officers ordered A battalion soldiers to go to city for oppressive campaign. All the soldiers of ‘A’ Company  of Garhwal Rifles resigned in mass. Havaldar major Chandra Singh Bhandari told that They were Indians and could not  kill own brothers. British officers prisoned all solders and put them in barrack.  British officers wanted to shift them Atabad silently and did not want news to spread.
     Even then, news spread in whole country that Garhwli soldiers denied firing on unarmed Indians.  The news of shifting revolutionist Garhwalis to Atabad also spread as forest fire in India. People from Lahore and Rawalpindi started reaching to Atabad for welcoming Garhwali soldiers. The people of Atabad also became ready for welcoming Garhwali soldiers. Whereever they saw Garhwali soldiers, people started shouting slogans , “ Mahatma Gandhi ki Jay, . People were standing on both the sides of road and shouting above slogans. British officers made Garhwali soldiers running as punishment and people were throwing flowers on the soldiers. Police was charging lathis on the people but people were not going away from the scene.
 Police arrested Dr.Alam , Chandraprakash because of their   working for Garhwali soldiers welcome and arrested Pratap Singh in Peshawar.
    Women Citizens in Mumbai  brought a procession in Mumbai in response to Garhwali soldiers and policed stuck them by lathis.  When Chandra Singh Bhandari (Garhwali) came to such news his boldness enhances for freedom fight.
      The whole battalion was involved in the revolt. However, British did not want to spread the news al over world. Therefore, British government prosecuted only  67 Garhwali soldiers those resigned with Chandra Singh Bhandari Garhwali. British Army sent to Ramjak Camp and used to punish soldiers by daily drilling to balance soldiers for five years.
      When British authority informed to Chandra Singh Bhandari Garhwali and other so call ed rebellion soldiers about court Marshal , they demanded layers for them. Authorties were not ready for outside lawyers to them. Chandra Singh Bhandari Garhwali and others sat on hunger strike. British authority agreed for outside lawyers for the revolutionists. Garhwalis requested Mukandi Lal barrister by telegram for their lawyers from Lansdowne. Mukandi Lal barrister came to Atabad. Chandra Singh Bhandari and others demanded a Colonel Mainoring as Army   lawyer. However, Commanding officer Chalen fought their case.
      There was a news of 6th June 1930 in Leader of  8th June -  “ The Court Marshal for rebelling Garhwali soldiers will start today at Kakul Atabad. There aer  seven members of Court martial committee .Colonel King is government soldiers lawyer, Mukandi Lal barrister is lawyer for soldiers. Captain Chelan is a friend lawyer for accused soldiers. Chandra Singh is hand cuffed. “
 Mukandi Lal was married to a Christian lady of England. Therefore, British had soft corner for Mukandi Lal. Mukandi Lal was aware that livelihood of Garhwalis was connected to Garhwal rifle and was not in favor for suspending Garhwal rifle. At the end of his argument mukandi Lal called on Judge-
“I am here not only a lawyer but as representative for Garhwal people too. I am Council Member and people believe on me. I don’t need to remind the brave and faithful acts of Garhwali soldiers in France and other places in the War. Judge should keep in mind about that matter.”
   Chandra Singh Garhwali and his company were standing outside the barrack. Mukandi Lal was just to sit on the car  , Chandra Singh Garhwali called him and said, “ Whatever had to happen that had happened. Only you tell our aim to our people.”
  Chandra Singh Garhwali put a letter into packet of Mukandi Lal barrister. The letter ws a request for Mukandi Lal barrister to visit his villag and assure his old father , wives , two sisters and daughters.
     On 19th June 1930, Court marshal judge told decision for Chandra singh Garhwali  –
1-Kalapani for life
2- Auction of All property
3- Degrading position to Sipoy
4-No Sipoy too.
   Subedar Rupchandr Singh and Jamadar Devi Singh rawat drag away the medals and cloth of Chandra singh Garhwali before the battalion.
   British court declared  following soldiers for life imprisonment t or long imprisonment .
  Havldar Narayn Singh Gusain, Nayak Kriti Singh Rawat, Bhoj Singh Butola, Nayak Keshar Singh, Nayak Harak Singh Thapola, Las Nayak Mhendra Singh Negi, L N Bhim Singh Bisht, LN Ratan Singh Negi, LN Anand Singh Rawat, LN Anad Singh parswan, LN Bhavani Singh Rawat, LN Umrao Singh Rawat, LN Hukum Singh Kathait, LN Jot Singh Bisht, LN Sundar Singh Butola, LN Khushal Singh Gusain, Government took away their salaries, deposites  away.
     In evening a Muslim and a Hindu entered by the permission from authorities into room of Chandra Singh Garhwali . The offered dry fruits , curd, turban dhotifor honoring Chandra Garhwali. The British Sargent was impressed by Indian love for freedom.
    At 3 Am, Guards transferd Chandra Singh Garhwali from military barrack to the Atabad prison.
   On 28th June 1930Madan Mohan Malviya asked the addresses of Rebellians soldiers from Barrister Mukandi Lal that the families of revolutionists could be helped.   
       
     
     
       
     
   
         
     
  Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India,bjkukreti@gmail.com 23/5//2018
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -1188
-
*** History of British Rule/Administration over British Garhwal (Pauri, Rudraprayag, and Chamoli1815-1947) to be continued in next chapter
-
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
 
 History of British Garhwal, Education , Caste, History of Devalgarh Garhwal , ; History of Badhan Garhwal; Education , Caste History of Barasyun Garhwal; Education , Caste, History of Chandpur Garhwal; Education , Caste History of Chaundkot Garhwal; Education , Caste History of  Gangasalan Garhwal;  History of Mallasalan Garhwal;  Education , Caste, History of Tallasalan Garhwal; Education , Caste History of Dashauli Garhwal; Education , Caste, History of Nagpur Garhwal; Society  in British Garhwal. History of British Garhwal, History of Social Structure and Religious Faith in Chamoli Garhwal, History of Social Structure and Religious Faith of Pauri Garhwal ,  Education , Health, Social and Culture History of Rudraprayag Garhwal.
         

   
 Sacrifice by Bacchu Lal Bhatt for Freedom from British rule 
                  British Administration in Garhwal   -330
       -
History of British Rule/Administration over Kumaun and Garhwal (1815-1947) -350
-
            History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -1185
          By:  Bhishma Kukreti (History Student)   
         Bacchu Lal Bhatt belonged to a village near Lansdowne.  His father name was Ram Prasad and worked in a post office. Bacchu Lal Bhatt lived in Amritsar with a Dilliwala. Bacchu Lal Bhatt was wrestler.  Bacchu Lal was introduced to revolutionist Shambhu Nath Azad in Lahore Congress Conference in 1929. With persuasion of Shambhu Nath Azad ,  Bacchu Lal Bhatt was made the  member of  Nawjawan Bharat Sabha. In 1931, Police areested Bacchu Lal Bhatt in connection of Ambala gun firing. Session judge freed Shambhu Nath Azad and Bacchu Lal Bhatt and sentenced death sentence for Sardar Man Singh and sentenced ten years jail each for Ram Chandra Bhatt (father of Bacchu Lal) and Narendra Nath Pathak.
                         Comrade Bacchu Lal offered his services for Action Services of Nawjawan Bharat Sabha   South. Bacchu Lal Bhatt reached to Madras with Roshan Lal Mehra. For fulfilling the financial problem, group decided to loot Uti Bank. Indra Singh and Roshan Lal were out of Madras at that time. Bacchu Lal Bhatt and his group members reached Utakmount town on 26 April 1933. They spent night of 27th April in Utakmount town. 24 years old Bacchu Lal was five feet high and face was roundish with white fair color. All his partners were in military dress. on 28th April 1933, around 12 Noon PM, they looted Uti Bank and retunred on same cab by which they came to the bank. They reached to Nilgiri hills by that cab. His color was white and different than south people. Bacchu Lal Bhatt and party were hungry. When they were resting, on 30th April 1933, Police surrounded them. Bacchu Lal Bhatt and party threw their guns stating that “ Our duty is not firing on Indians”. 
     Session judge sentenced Bacchu Lal and party for 18 years jail in Kalapani Andaman  each. British officials tortured Bacchu Lal and party in Kalapani.     After 6 months, Bacchu Lal Bhatt became insane. Bacchu Lal Bhatt used to take bath for six –seven times and used to cut his nerve for offering blood to the Sun. In 1938, Officials brought Bacchu Lal Bhatt to India and kept him in Mental hospitals of Banaras, Pune. However, he did not recover and died without leaving any information.
   (Narrated by revolutionist Shambhu Nath Azad to Mrs Durgwati Satpathi, Satyapath , 1st December 1972 )
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India,bjkukreti@gmail.com 18/5//2018
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -1186
-
*** History of British Rule/Administration over British Garhwal (Pauri, Rudraprayag, and Chamoli1815-1947) to be continued in next chapter
-
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
 
 History of British Garhwal, Education , Caste, History of Devalgarh Garhwal , ; History of Badhan Garhwal; Education , Caste History of Barasyun Garhwal; Education , Caste, History of Chandpur Garhwal; Education , Caste History of Chaundkot Garhwal; Education , Caste History of  Gangasalan Garhwal;  History of Mallasalan Garhwal;  Education , Caste, History of Tallasalan Garhwal; Education , Caste History of Dashauli Garhwal; Education , Caste, History of Nagpur Garhwal; Society  in British Garhwal. History of British Garhwal, History of Social Structure and Religious Faith in Chamoli Garhwal, History of Social Structure and Religious Faith of Pauri Garhwal ,  Education , Health, Social and Culture History of Rudraprayag Garhwal.
         

   Revival of congress in British Garhwal
                  British Administration in Garhwal   -334
       -
History of British Rule/Administration over Kumaun and Garhwal (1815-1947) -354
-
            History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -1189
          By:  Bhishma Kukreti (History Student)   
    In Lahore congress Meet, congress took th decision that congressmen would not fight local self-government election and would not participate in government agencies.  Working committee authorized congressmen going for nonviolence movement as and when is needed. 
 Leftists supporters as Subhash Chandra Bose, Shrinivas ayangar   were kept out of working committee. In 1930, Congress working committee asked all congressmen for resigning from assemblies and councils.  Congress high command also requested people for persuading council members for resigning.
   Congressmen started movement with vigor. Government started capturing activists and put them in jail. Court ordered prison for leaders as Subhash Chandra Bose .
   In 1930’s council election, Mukandi Lal barrister stood for election,. Sardar Narayan Singh Negi nominated his paper against Mukandi Lal Barrister. Congres leaders as Ansuya Prasad Bahuguna supported Narayn Singh Negi because Mukandi Lal barrister was congressman. Some culprits published insulting pamphlets against Mukandi Lal . Sardar Narayan Singh won the election. Mukandi Lal filed defamation case against pamphlet publisher and won the case in court. Sradar negi worked for some time council and went to sirmour Kingdom.
         Dogadda Political meet
   Those Garhwalis attended Lahore Congress Meet were actice in moving people. Those activists made Dogadda as their center  for activities. Pratap Singh Negi, Jagmohan Singh Negi, Ramprasad Nautiyal, Kripa Ram Mishra, Devakinandan Dhyani were main active activists. Those acticvists planned for cllling a political meeting in Dogadda on 30th May 1930. They requested Govind Ballabh pant for presiding the meet. Activists selectd Kriparam Mishra as welcome President and Prtap singh as Samiti Chief.
     In April and May 1930, British government put Jawahar Lal Nehru, Sarojani Naydu, Govind Ballabh pant into jail. Court ordered nominal jail for Govind Ballabh Pant for breaking Salt Rule. In the absence of Govind Ballabh Pant, Dogadda activists requested Hargovind Pant for chairing the coming meet. Hargovind Pant accepted the invitation.
 Hargovind Pant mentioned that it was must the cooperation among all three districts –Almora, Nainital and Garhwal. He felt lucky for invitation as chief of the meet.
   The pupose of Dogadda meet was to chalk out planning for organized way of movement. Hundreds of young men participated in the Dogadda meet. The meet declared an adhoc committee for submitting the planning for structured organized and smooth working for freedom fight movement. Jagmohan Singh Negi, Kriparam Mishra, Ramprasad Nautiyal,  Pratap Singh Negi, Nain Singh negi and Devakinandan Dhyani were th committee members. Committee had to decide the relationship with congress movement. Dogadda meet decided for alling Kumaun Parishad meet in Pauri .
   Adhoc committee could not tak firm decision on Congress. Therefore, Jagmohan singh Negi, Kriparam Mishhra, Devakinandan Dhyani and Ramprasad Nautiyal made a committee for struggle to strengthen congress freedom fight movement. They started travelling Garhwal.
  Kumaon Parishad meet in Pauri
  The freedom fight movement was going on in Kumaon. Due to Mukandi Lal barrister’s absence, new leadership was lacking in Garhwal for movement. There was Kumaon parishad meet in Pauri on 8th June 1930. Advocate B M Chandola was presiding the meet. Chandola was of opinion not to head on government directly. However, the meet changed into political meet. Chandola and like minded personalties left the Meet. There were speeches in support of Congress and speeding up movement in Garhwal.
    The movement supporters established Congress Working Committee in Garhwal. Jiva nand Dobhal bcame president and Bhola datt Chandola was selected as General Secretary . In the mean time, Bhakt Darshan reached there and he proposed Pratap Singh Negi for leading movement Styagrah. They selected Bhakta Darshan, Devkinandan Dhyani, Kripa Ram Mishra Ramprasad Nautiyal, and others as committee members. Later on Garhwal congress was connected to Provincial Working committee . The movement medium was discussed as
Nonpayment of Tax movement
Alcohol banning movement
National flags on government building
Other social cause movements.
  Ramprasad Nautiyal ni and Devkinandan Dhyani submitted list of personalties those could support nonpayment of tax movement. The fear was that government could auction the farmer’s land and it would have wrong message to society. Therefore, district committee snet proposal of o nonpayment tax movement to provincial committee.
 Political meet in kot Pauri Garhwal
    In June 1930.there was a political meeting held in Kot near Pauri city. Many volunteers from Garhwal and leaders from outside as Mahavir Tyagi, Hargovind Pant, Lala chhajjuram and his daughter Sarswati devi too participated in the meet. In the meet speakers congratulated and praised Chandra Singh Garhwali and showed sympathy with Rvain revolutionists. The leaders decided for initiating aggressive movement in north Garhwal and simulteniously in south Garhwal too.
   Movement in North Garhwal
 The leaders as Pratap Singh Negi, Kriparam Mishra, Ramprasad Nautiyal, Keshva Nand Joshi , Ramsingh Driver reached to Shrinagar from Kot. They organized a meet under Advocate Bhaskara Nand Maithani. Leaders divided volunteers into two groups for promoting movement in different regions. Ramprasad Nautiyal, Devakinandan Dhyani and Jitram and other twelve volunteers were choosen for promoting movement in north Garhwal , they moved to Badrinath . They hoisted National flag on Badrinath Temple. The said group reached to Chamoli from Badrinatha and organized meeting under presidentship of Ansuya Prasad Bahuguna. District Magistrate Captain Ibbotson was there in Chamoli for land settlement. There was hot discussion between Ansuya Prasad Bahuguna and  Ibbotson. After meeting, Ansuya Prasad Bahugun, ramprsad Nautiyal, and other reached to nand Prayag. In night, they wer planning for future. In the mean time, Ram Singh kanungo with 30 officers rached to Nand Prayag and showed order for catching summon them.  Movement actvists informed to kanungo that Bahuguna was not available for meeting him.
   It was decided that with horse , Ramprasd Nautiyal and ansuya Prasad Bahguna would lave nand Prayag in night for Shrinagar. They hande dover horse to relatives of Bahguna and proceeded to south. They met Group of Pratap Singh Negi.
  The government caught Devakinandan Dhyani and nsuya Prasad Bahguna. Bahguna was brought to Pauri and Ibbotson insulted Bahguna. Peopl were agiatated by the incident of insulting Bahguna. Court ordered four month jail for Ansuya Prasad Bahguna. 
 Ibbotson Incidents and Opposition against him
  The news of Ibbotson insulting Ansuya Prasad Bahuguna spread like forest fre in Garhwal. People were agitated against him. Ibbotson went to Nainital and coming back in Dogadda, people showed him black flag for showing their anger. Police caught a few people. Police was called in Dogadda. Government charged Rs 1500 as police charge to each shopkeeper.
 The opposition in Pauri was much bigger. People came on the road from Kandoliya. They stood on the road for showing  anger to Ibbotson. There were many elites as Jiva Nand Dobhal, Bhola Datt Chandola, Bhairav Datt Baduni, Brahma Nand Thapliyal, Kotwal ingh Negi, Jodh Singh, Kotwal Singh , Bhileshwara Nand Thapliyaland others. . People showed black flags .etc. Angry Ibbotson started running his horse int between crowd . Ibbotson ordered catching them. Police caught them and put in police custody.
 Brring Mukandi Lal nobody agreed for advocating them due to fear from government. Mukandi Lal fought their case but  everybody was sentenced three months jail and Loka Nand Nautiyal and Mahesha Nand Thapliyal got six months jail.
  Movement in South Garhwal
 Pratap Singh Negi took the charge of initiating freedom movement and other social movements in south Garhwal. His group decided for visiting Dogaddaa via Devprayag and Udaypur Ptti. Ramprasa Nautiyal and his group also met with Negi. They decided movement against wine factories by picketing there , movement against land tax and corruption in land settlement department. Chhavan Singh negi, Jagmohan Singh Negi, Gopal singh and Narayan datt mt the group in Udaypur. They organized a meeting and decided acceleration in movement
   In Dogadda, jaya Nand Bhartiya met them. They decided three regions for accelerating the movement in South Garhwal.
Thy decided dictator or group leader (Dictator) and deputy leaders  for each region-
Udaypur – Jagmohan Singh and Chhavan Singh
Dogddaa to Kotdwar – Pratap Singh Negi , Kriparam Mishra
Beeron Khal , Gujdu – Ramprasad Nautiyal Devki Nandan Dhyani
  Youth started coming to camps and started different movement of social causes everywhere.
   Wine Factory Picketing
   Volunteers started picketing at wine factories and shops in South Garhwal. Led by Pratap Singh Negi volunteer picketed wine factories (Bhatti) in Kotdwara and Dogddaa. Bladev Singh Arya joined the movement in Kotdwara. One day district collector reached at a wine factory in Kotdwara and he ordered Lthi Charge on volunteers. Government put many volunteers into jail.
   There were many spies among volunteers . They used to take wine from drums and put urine into drums.
 There was a wine producing factory in Talla Khal of Udayapur. Volunteers destroyd the factory that nobody could reach there easily.
  Groups picketed wine factory in Dogadda. Government caught many volunteer and put in jail.
                      Flag Hoisting in Jahrikhal
  Dogadda and Kotdwara volunteers decided for hoisting national flag on Jahrikhal School. 18 Volunteers led by Baldev Singh Arya reached Jahrikhal from Dogadda in night. They stayed in Arya Samaj Temple in night. There ws no arrangement for food and they slept without food. In Morning, a person cooked Khichdi. There was no plate, hence, they all took food from cooking vessel only. They went to school with flag and hoisted flag on school roof and started singing freedom song. Students started singing freedom song too. Police came , did lathi charge and caught the volunteers. Students were agitated by polie action and they did strike immediately. Students took flag and started marching towards Lansdowne. Two commanders in Lansdowne tried to snatch flag and students bate them. Police took Baldev ingh Arya to DM Dak Bunglw and DM ordered prison for volunteers. Popl came to Dak bunglow and started shouting freedom slogans. Police Lathi Charged.  Polie caught other volunteers as Jaya Nand  Bharti, Sada nand Kukreti  in Lansdowne. 
There were meetings in Dogadda and Kotdwara against British government.
 Government sent freedom fighting prisoners to Moradabad and Gonda from Kotdwara.
     Movement in Udaipur Patti Pauri Garhwal
 Jgamohan Singh Negi and Chhavan Singh Negi were leading movement in Udaipur Patti. In Ibbotson land settlement, there was 33 % increase in land tax. People were agitated by tax increase. There was council election going on. The activists started picketing at election centers.
 Polling station Thalnadi presiding officer reported that he had to be as prisoner in the polling time in Thalnadi. He reported that there was no sign of British rule in the region. Though, there was no formal Congress organization in the region, people specially youth were taking part in the movement. after eceiving report from polling officer, government sent ADm Gill and DMP ramratan singh with 100 policemen to the area. They entered into kitchens of people for searching Jagmohan Singh Negi but they could not find him. Gill told insultingly that it was not bravery to hide. Ranger Uttam Singh father of Jagmohan Singh replied that jagmohan Singh was not hiding but wnt to Yamkeshwar for organizing the meetin g on 8th October 1930.
On 8th October 1930, people from villages started marching towards Yamkeshwar with Dhol-Damau . Police ws there to disrupt the meeting .People suddenly surrounded police force and cautioned them for leaving the area that meeting could be held peacefully. Activists told that after meet, the activists as per list of police would surrender automatically. Police force left the meeting plac and stood a side.
  Metting was held peacefully and leaders call for freedom.
Later on after meeting was over, 18 activists surrendered before police – Jagmohan Singh, Chavan Singh, were among 18 activists those surrendered. Jagmohan Singh Negi became undisputed leader of the region.
   Police took the activists towards Dogadda. People joined the activist from the road side village. It became big procession and the procession reached Dogadda on third day.
    Police Capturing Activists in Dogadda
   Police captured activists as Kriparam Mishra ‘Manhar and Keshva Nand Joshi and court sentenced them for three years jail each. Police also captured and put into jail activists as Pratap Singh Negi and many more activists.
     Movements against Land Tax
    The movement against British rule was becoming more intense in every part of Garhwal. Activists cut tar fience of forest in Dhonutiyal for forst movement. People started movements against land tax in Sabali, Khatali, Gujru, 70 Malgujar (tax collector farmers) resigned in Gujru Patti. Narayan Singh Rawat, Bhim Singh Thokdar, Dhyan Singh rawat, and many toured villages to village for awakening the mass .Pradyum Singh Negi the Tahsildar toured there for land settlement and he reported to higher authorities for worsening situation against government .
 Deputy Commissioner sent DSP Ramratan Singh, Pradyumna Singh negi with 150 police men there. Police caught many activists as Ramprasad Nautiyal, Totaram Pokhariyal, Balwant Singh and others. Police fired case against Ramprasad Nautiyal under arms act. Police collected fines for Rs, 36000 from people from Gujru  region.
    Gandhi-Irvin Pact
    There was round tble conference in London between Gandhi and British leaders. On 31st January 1931, British Prime Minister declared that government would free freedom fighters from jail that Congress Committee could think about its declaration of 19th January conference. Sir Tej Bahadur Sapru Shri Nivas Shastri advised Gandhi for a conference with Viceroy Irvin. Gahdi –Irvin meeting started from 17th March 1931 and ended on 5th Mach 1931. Both signed on a pact. According to that pact , Congress would end  movement and government would take back the accusations on freedom fighters.
 British Government freed all freedom fighters. British Government took back all ordinences about auctioning the properties of accused freedom fighters and cancelled the resignations of Malgujars and sustained their old positions.
    British government freed all movement activists from jail. Most of the movement activists were not Congress members.
                      Oppressions in Kumaon
  Even after government jailed Govind Ballabh pant , the movement was going on in Kumaon. There was movement against land tax increment in Salt region and stop paying tax. DM sent assistant collector for making people understand. However, people did not agree for paying tax. They told to assistant collector that government was fre auctioning their land but they would not agree tax increment. Assistant collector threatens people for paying tax and penalties otherwise soldiers would come from Lansdowne.
 People were not afraid of the threats from assistant collector. They just refused to pay tax. Government started oppressive methods for bending people for obeying government rules.
           Salt people used to go for Bhabhar forest cutting in winter season. No labor from salt turned that  year for forest cutting. Many decided to sit on Dharna in Bhabhar forest for stopping forest cutting works. The groups from Salt reached at Mohan , a police force led by assistant collector reached there . They started beating people there. Police made injured standing in a plain filed. Police asked sorry from people.Those did not say sorry were beaten again.
     Government freed Govind Ballabh Pant from jail and he reached to Nainitl on 22nd November 1931.
  People told him about oppression of government in Salt region. Pant appointed a committee for making full report on Salt. Committee mebers visited each village and made the  report  about cruelty of government officers.
  Gandhi reached to Nainital for meeting Governor Sir Malcom Daily on 18th May 1931. Gandhi had meeting with Malcom for two hours. Gandhi also talked about freeing Salt Movement activists. In night, there was meeting of activists at Pant’s residence.
     The activists organized a large political conference in which two hundred representatives and thousands of workers participated. That was biggest conference after a couple of organizations merging into Congress.
           
   
           








Refrence, Karmabhumi 26th January 1926
     
  Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India,bjkukreti@gmail.com 1/6/2018
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -1190
-
*** History of British Rule/Administration over British Garhwal (Pauri, Rudraprayag, and Chamoli1815-1947) to be continued in next chapter
-
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
 
 History of British Garhwal, Education , Caste, History of Devalgarh Garhwal , ; History of Badhan Garhwal; Education , Caste History of Barasyun Garhwal; Education , Caste, History of Chandpur Garhwal; Education , Caste History of Chaundkot Garhwal; Education , Caste History of  Gangasalan Garhwal;  History of Mallasalan Garhwal;  Education , Caste, History of Tallasalan Garhwal; Education , Caste History of Dashauli Garhwal; Education , Caste, History of Nagpur Garhwal; Society  in British Garhwal. History of British Garhwal, History of Social Structure and Religious Faith in Chamoli Garhwal, History of Social Structure and Religious Faith of Pauri Garhwal ,  Education , Health, Social and Culture History of Rudraprayag Garhwal.
         

      Shilpkar (Harijan) Empowerment  in British Garhwal 

             British Administration in Garhwal   -336
       -
History of British Rule/Administration over Kumaun and Garhwal (1815-1947) -356
-
            History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -1191
          By:  Bhishma Kukreti (History Student)
     Mahatma Gandhi attracted the attention for Harijan Empowerment or improving Harijan’ social conditions .In Garhwal, Shilpkar were under Harijan category (untouchable).. Arya Samaj came forward for empowering Shilpkar for getting their respectful status in Uttarakhand. Aryasamaj conducted a movement for Purification – that means those were forcefully converted into Muslim they could be converted into Hindu.  In 1927, Aryasamaj conference decided to empower Shilpkar (Harijan) . Lala hansraj presided the conference and Mahmana Madan Mohan Malvitya , Lala Lajpat Ray attended the meet.
 Arya Samaj brought Harijanoddhar Movement in Garhwal too. Araya Samaji activists convinced Shilpkar for tying Janeu (sacred thread). There was hue and cry among Brahmans and Rajpur communities for Shilpkar putting on Janeu. Upper caste people broke Janeu of Shilpkar as happened in Jaspur Mlla Dhangu, Pauri Garhwal.
 There was harijanoddhar conference in dogadda where Guna Nand Juyal, Ramprasad Nautiyal attended the meet .,



Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India,bjkukreti@gmail.com 13/6/2018
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -1192
-
*** History of British Rule/Administration over British Garhwal (Pauri, Rudraprayag, and Chamoli1815-1947) to be continued in next chapter
-
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
 
 History of British Garhwal, Education , Caste, History of Devalgarh Garhwal , ; History of Badhan Garhwal; Education , Caste History of Barasyun Garhwal; Education , Caste, History of Chandpur Garhwal; Education , Caste History of Chaundkot Garhwal; Education , Caste History of  Gangasalan Garhwal;  History of Mallasalan Garhwal;  Education , Caste, History of Tallasalan Garhwal; Education , Caste History of Dashauli Garhwal; Education , Caste, History of Nagpur Garhwal; Society  in British Garhwal. History of British Garhwal, History of Social Structure and Religious Faith in Chamoli Garhwal, History of Social Structure and Religious Faith of Pauri Garhwal ,  Education , Health, Social and Culture History of Rudraprayag Garhwal.