MeraPahad Community Of Uttarakhand Lovers

      Hunger Strike by Gandhi for Shilpkar (Harijan) Empowerment 

             British Administration in Garhwal   -337
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History of British Rule/Administration over Kumaun and Garhwal (1815-1947) -357
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            History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -112
          By:  Bhishma Kukreti (History Student)
        Hunger Strike by Gandhi for Shilpkar Empowerment
 Mahatma Gandhi started hunger strike in September 1932 against  Harijan Empowerment or discrimination with Shilpkar or Harijan.
   Mahatma Gandhi attracted country’s attention on discrimination with Harijan /Shilpkar by his hunger strike. Hindu leaders met in Mumbai presided by Mahamana Madan Mohan Malviya. They founded an organization –Harijan Sewak Sangh for improving Harijan situation.
         District Board Election
 A Few Congressmen from Garhwal fought District Board election in 1931-32. Ansuya Prasad Bahuguna became District board chairman and Jagmohan Singh Negi as Chairman of Education division.
     Congress party appointed Shakla Nand as President, Kriparam Mishra as vice president and Pratap Singh Negi as secretary of Garhwal congress committee. Later on, Garhwal Congress Party appointed Pratap Singh negi as president and Baldev Singh Arya as secretary.

   Election for Provincial Council
   Under Gandhi –Irvin Pact , Congress movement activists got out from jail. Mahatma Gandhi set two objectives for congressmen – 1 – Individually; they were free for movement against government for social benefits. 2-Others should take job of Harijan uddhar or Shilpkar Empowerment.
    By 1933, there were leaders in Congress those wanted to go for councils that they could make rules for people benefits as Government rules were not suitable for Indians. On 31st march 1934, Under the chairmanship of Dr.  Ansari , in Delhi, there was a meet of leaders wanted to enter into councils. Madan Mohan Malviya, Chaudhari Khalikujjamaa attended the meet. Govind Ballabh Pant attended meet too. The meet decided for rejuvenating Swarajya party . So that those congressmen could not  take part into movement could do through Swarajya party. Meet decided 1- To cancel all oppressive rules, 2 To  get what Gandhi wanted through Round table conference of Gandhi.
   Gandhi was not optimistic about benefits from entering into councils. Congress also supported entering into provincial councils. Congressmen started working for entry into councils. In Garhwal due to Kriparam Mishra, the congress comitee was not active. It was necessary for activating congress before election . Hari ram Mishra and Jagmohan Singh Nei reached to Kanpur –Lucknow in 1936. Negi got quota from provincial committee Shakla Nand was selected district Congress committee.
 Jagmohan Singh Negi for  south Garhwal and Ansuya Prasad Bahuguna for  north Garhwal got tickets for Swarajya Party .
     Jwahar Lal Nehru came to Dogadda Garhwal for promoting Cogress Candidates. Thousands of people heard him.
  In 1936, for South Garhwal council election, apart from Jagmohan  Singh Negi, Mukandi Lal barrister and Uma Nand Barthwal of Bareth , Mlla Dhangu stood for election. Jagmohan Singh Negi and Ansuya Prasad won election. 
 Thereafter, Mukandi Lal barrister became irrelevant in politics of Garhwal. Govind Ballabh Pant became  powerful leader and Kumaon dominated Uttarakhand politics . 
  Demand for Tax reduction and road construction
   It was first Congress Ministry after Provincial Council Election. Garhwal people were hopeful from Congress ministry. People put their demand for reducing land tax that was increased in Ibbetson settlement and new road construction in Garhwal.
    Garhwal representatives met Chief Minister of united Province regarding tax reduction. Government reduced tax that was increased in Ibbetson settlement. The tax revenue was reduced for Rs. 34000. The government started working survey under a Record office in October 1934 that was completed in May 1940. The act was passed for reduction in tax.
   Motor road was important issue too. There was only one motor road in Garhwal from Dogadda to Lansdowne.  Tehri Riyasat constructed Motor Road from Rishikesh to Kirti Nagar. United Province Government sanctioned Rs 20000 for motor roads construction in Garhwal in 1937-38 budgets.
  Political Conference in Shrinagar
  District Congress Committee organized a political meet in Shrinagar on 5-6 May  1938. Committee invited Acharya Narendra Dev for presiding the meet and Nehru for inaugurating the meet.  charya was ill but Jawaharlal Nehru accepted the invitation. Nehru along with Vijaya Lakshmi Pundit and Hari Singh reached Gauchar by air from Haridwar for air tour  .  He returned to Haridwar. From Haridwar by Horse , Nehru reached to Shrinagar on 4th May . Nehru came to know the poor economic condition of Garhwal. People greeted him at various places. He went to Pauri too.
      Conference passed 18 resolutions. One resolution was for motor road and if demand was not fulfilled the council and district board members would resign. Nehru spoke about demands of Garhwal.  Nehru wrote about poor conditions of Garhwal in details. (Details available in Karmabhumi 26 January 1956)
   Foundation of Jagrit Garhwal Sangh
  Till October 1938, Provincial government did not assure for Motor Road in Garhwal. There was no alternate that council and district board members resign  as per Shrinagar resolution. There was another political meet held in Pauri on 4.5.6th November presided by Vidya Datt Bahukhandi. Many activists were ready for movement. However, there were two groups  -one for ‘Garhwal first and Congress second and other ‘Congress first Garhwal second’. Pratap Singh Negi , Kariparam Mishra and Hari ram Mishra were pro Garhwal first and Congress second concept but Jagmohan Singh Negi , Bhakta darshan were pro Congress first Garhwal second concept. Negi Drashan were of opinion that they should take permission from Provincial congress Committee in accordance with party discipline .
        With struggle, Congress Comitee agreed a resolution for offering time to government by 30th May 1939. If by March the demand was not fulfilled Congress Committee to be thought dissolved. However, in Congress comitte meet there, the resolution was dismissed by 100 against 62.  Congrss men understood that nominal members did not have fith on district Congress Committee. It was decided that till new committee was formed Bhairav datt Dhulia would look after records and would communicate with provincial Congress committee.
   Five mebers of District board resigned .  Many lders founded Jagrit Garhwal sangh against Congress . Pratap Singh Negi became president and Uma Nand Barthwal as secretary. There was a meeting presided by Pratap Singh Negi for making strategies for movement . Many joined Jagrit Garhwal Sangh . District Board Chairman Harendra Singh Rawat resigned . Govrnment was bent for suppressing movement.
   Bhairav datt Dhulia sent letter to Nehru with details and requsted to visit Garhwal. Nehru showed his inability and persuaded Government .
  A big delegation met Chief Minister Govind Ballabh Pant in Lucknow. Pant declared construction of Motor road by PWD and reduced tax. There was enthusiasm in Garhwal but Jagrit  Sangh  faded.
   District Board chairman Harendra Rawat constructed motor road from Fathpur to Gumkhal before PWD took charge.  Govind Ballabh Pant inaugurated the Moto Road on 19th February 1939. PWD took charg for motor road construction .
 By that time second Worl War was on the door .

 
   
  (Karmabhumi 26 January, 1956)


Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India,bjkukreti@gmail.com 23/6/2018
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -1193
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*** History of British Rule/Administration over British Garhwal (Pauri, Rudraprayag, and Chamoli1815-1947) to be continued in next chapter
-
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
 
 History of British Garhwal, Education , Caste, History of Devalgarh Garhwal , ; History of Badhan Garhwal; Education , Caste History of Barasyun Garhwal; Education , Caste, History of Chandpur Garhwal; Education , Caste History of Chaundkot Garhwal; Education , Caste History of  Gangasalan Garhwal;  History of Mallasalan Garhwal;  Education , Caste, History of Tallasalan Garhwal; Education , Caste History of Dashauli Garhwal; Education , Caste, History of Nagpur Garhwal; Society  in British Garhwal. History of British Garhwal, History of Social Structure and Religious Faith in Chamoli Garhwal, History of Social Structure and Religious Faith of Pauri Garhwal ,  Education , Health, Social and Culture History of Rudraprayag Garhwal.
         

  Increasing Garhwal Battalions numbers  in British Garhwal
             British Administration in Garhwal   -338
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History of British Rule/Administration over Kumaun and Garhwal (1815-1947) -358

            History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -1193
          By:  Bhishma Kukreti (History Student)
    Across the globe, army personnel and defense experts appreciated bravery and wise inflects of Garhwali soldiers in First World war. As soon as seond World War started, British Government increased Garhwal Rifle Battalions –
1-Fourth Battalion – founded by L.C Stephens on 20th June 1940
Fifth Battalion – established by L.C. Woodriz  on 1st February 1941
Twenty fifth Battalion – established by L.C. Street on 15th august 1941
Sixth Battalion – established by L.C Rainwick on 15th December 1941
Seventh Battalion on 1st june 1941 by Jondes
  Army sent Garhwalis on Asian and European fronts. Again Garhwali soldiers not only showed bravery , sacrificing quality but intelligence too in all fronts. Garhwalis proved they were intelligent enough in attack and defense too.
    Garhwali Soldiers ot following honoring medals in Second World War
D.M.O. -4
M.O.16
O.O E – 19
O.B.I. -41
O.O.M.- 25
I.D.S.S.-18
M.M-25
Mention in Desptach-127
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India,bjkukreti@gmail.com 23/6/2018
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -1194
-
*** History of British Rule/Administration over British Garhwal (Pauri, Rudraprayag, and Chamoli1815-1947) to be continued in next chapter
-
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
 
 History of British Garhwal, Education , Caste, History of Devalgarh Garhwal , ; History of Badhan Garhwal; Education , Caste History of Barasyun Garhwal; Education , Caste, History of Chandpur Garhwal; Education , Caste History of Chaundkot Garhwal; Education , Caste History of  Gangasalan Garhwal;  History of Mallasalan Garhwal;  Education , Caste, History of Tallasalan Garhwal; Education , Caste History of Dashauli Garhwal; Education , Caste, History of Nagpur Garhwal; Society  in British Garhwal. History of British Garhwal, History of Social Structure and Religious Faith in Chamoli Garhwal, History of Social Structure and Religious Faith of Pauri Garhwal ,  Education , Health, Social and Culture History of Rudraprayag Garhwal.
         

Garhwali Soldiers participating in World War II in Europe and Africa -2
             British Administration in Garhwal   -340
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History of British Rule/Administration over Kumaun and Garhwal (1815-1947) -360

            History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -1196
          By:  Bhishma Kukreti (History Student)
     After falling of Singapore the enemy country captured 2nd and 5th Battalions of Garhwal Riffle and soldiers were captive until end of war
 In World War II, it is reported that 350 army personnel were killed and 1400 were injured (Gautam Sharma 1990, Velour and Sacrifices Famous Regiments of Indian Army , Allied Press 239 )
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India,bjkukreti@gmail.com 16/8/2018
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -1197
-
*** History of British Rule/Administration over British Garhwal (Pauri, Rudraprayag, and Chamoli1815-1947) to be continued in next chapter
-
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
 
 History of British Garhwal, Education , Caste, History of Devalgarh Garhwal , ; History of Badhan Garhwal; Education , Caste History of Barasyun Garhwal; Education , Caste, History of Chandpur Garhwal; Education , Caste History of Chaundkot Garhwal; Education , Caste History of  Gangasalan Garhwal;  History of Mallasalan Garhwal;  Education , Caste, History of Tallasalan Garhwal; Education , Caste History of Dashauli Garhwal; Education , Caste, History of Nagpur Garhwal; Society  in British Garhwal. History of British Garhwal, History of Social Structure and Religious Faith in Chamoli Garhwal, History of Social Structure and Religious Faith of Pauri Garhwal ,  Education , Health, Social and Culture History of Rudraprayag Garhwal.

Garhwali soldiers in Azad Hind Fauj / Indian National Army 
             British Administration in Garhwal   -342
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History of British Rule/Administration over Kumaun and Garhwal (1815-1947) -362

            History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -1198
          By:  Bhishma Kukreti (History Student)
     British Army deputed Garhwali soldiers in east and west fronts. There was Garhwal rifle 1/18 Battalion in  South East Asia. Japanese army captured Singapore from British army and captured British army soldiers and officers  on 15th August 1942. Japanese army captured around 1800 Garhwali soldiers and officers . Japanese Army captured  total 23266 Indian soldiers and officers.  Garhwalis and Indians agreed for taking part forfreedom struggle with Subhas Chandra Bose. INA commanders sent Garhwalis in difficult fronts. British army killed around 600 Garhwali soldiers and officers of INA. INA promoted Cpatin Chandra Singh Negi of 1/18th Battalion as Lieutenant Colonel of INA. Subhas Bose appointed Subedar Mejor of 1/18 Battalion his body guard as Mejor in INA.  Captain Buddhi Singh was promted as l.C in INA. Later on Bose appointed Buddhi Singh as his Adjutant .
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti, 2018
*** History of British Rule/Administration over British Garhwal (Pauri, Rudraprayag, and Chamoli1815-1947) to be continued in next chapter
-
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
 
 History of British Garhwal, Education , Caste, History of Devalgarh Garhwal , ; History of Badhan Garhwal; Education , Caste History of Barasyun Garhwal; Education , Caste, History of Chandpur Garhwal; Education , Caste History of Chaundkot Garhwal; Education , Caste History of  Gangasalan Garhwal;  History of Mallasalan Garhwal;  Education , Caste, History of Tallasalan Garhwal; Education , Caste History of Dashauli Garhwal; Education , Caste, History of Nagpur Garhwal; Society  in British Garhwal. History of British Garhwal, History of Social Structure and Religious Faith in Chamoli Garhwal, History of Social Structure and Religious Faith of Pauri Garhwal ,  Education , Health, Social and Culture History of Rudraprayag Garhwal.

         Do or  Die situation in India
             British Administration in Garhwal   -343
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History of British Rule/Administration over Kumaun and Garhwal (1815-1947) -363

            History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -1199
          By:  Bhishma Kukreti (History Student)
                Attack by Japan on India
            Japan captured Myanmar and Andaman Nicobar islands. Japanese submarines started  firing on allied force on sea . Japan was strong in pacific ocean reion and it was necessary for British to stop Japan.  merical President Roosevelt cautioned British prime minister Churchill to correct situation in India.
    Churchill was not in mood for freeing India at all .Churchill sent his minister Straford Crips to India for discussion with Indian leadership    Churchill wanted time to pass. Therefore, the mission failed.
     Gandhi initially, was for supporting British Army . Now, Gandhi had apprehension about Japan attacking India .  Congress committee passed a resolution in Allahabad in April May 1942, that for the betterment of India and Britain, Britain should  free India .


Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti, 2018
*** History of British Rule/Administration over British Garhwal (Pauri, Rudraprayag, and Chamoli1815-1947) to be continued in next chapter
-
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
 
 History of British Garhwal, Education , Caste, History of Devalgarh Garhwal , ; History of Badhan Garhwal; Education , Caste History of Barasyun Garhwal; Education , Caste, History of Chandpur Garhwal; Education , Caste History of Chaundkot Garhwal; Education , Caste History of  Gangasalan Garhwal;  History of Mallasalan Garhwal;  Education , Caste, History of Tallasalan Garhwal; Education , Caste History of Dashauli Garhwal; Education , Caste, History of Nagpur Garhwal; Society  in British Garhwal. History of British Garhwal, History of Social Structure and Religious Faith in Chamoli Garhwal, History of Social Structure and Religious Faith of Pauri Garhwal ,  Education , Health, Social and Culture History of Rudraprayag Garhwal.