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Author Topic: History of Uttarakhand, Kumaon & Garhwal-उत्तराखंड का इतिहास (कुमाऊं/गढ़वाल)  (Read 235937 times)

Bhishma Kukreti

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Re: History of Uttarakhand, Kumaon & Garhwal-उत्तराखंड का इतिहास (कुमाऊं/गढ़वाल)
« Reply #1470 on: April 16, 2020, 11:52:43 AM »
Coronation of King Bhavani Shah

History of King Bhavani Shah of Tehri Riyasat – 10
History of Tehri Kingdom (Tehri and Uttarkashi Garhwal) from 1815 –1948- 158
  History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) – 1395   

  By:   Bhishma Kukreti (History Student)
-
  On 11October 1858 , henry sent Shrinagar Tahsildar to Tehri for administrating till the coronation of Bhavani Singh is over (2)
    After getting official ‘Sanad’ , Bhavani Singh decided auspicious day after seeking consultancy of Pundits . The coronation date was fixed for 25th October 1859. 
 As per Tehri court archives, Bhavani Singh sent invitation for his coronation to high ranked officials of British government and neighbouring kings.  On 8th October 1859 , Bhavani Singh snet invitation to Lieutenant Governor of North West India Calvin for attending his coronation.
 Bhavani Shah also sent inivitations to Kings of  Bushehar Mahendra Singh, Nahan king, the raja of Kashipur Kumaon, Shiv Raj Singh (the great grandson of Lal Singh ).  Bhavani Singh also invited the kunvar of Landhour Kingdom,  Dabral assumed that definitely Bhavani Singh would have invited his two in laws the kings of Mandi and Hindor respectively. (1)
 As per Tehri Court archives, British government sent following gifts for Bhavani singh on the occasion of  Coronation –
Turbon, Chola and Shaul one each –total 3
Jamard- 1
Simple Khes --- 1
Gulbadan  than -1
Mamlmal Than – 1
Red handkerchief -1
Other gifts as Sword , shield, gun , pistol, etc. total 13 items.
The cotonation took place at Simal Maidan  at Bhilangana bank . It was great coronation from Garhwal point of view .
 Raj Gutu did Tilak of Bhavani Singh and Bhavani Singh was coroneted as Bhavani Shah with all required , desired religious  rituals.
 A couple of  Kamin , Sayana Thokdar of Dhanaur Patti did not attend ceremony and those were fined later on .
References –
1-Dabral S.P, Tehri Garhwal Rajya ka Itihas Bhag 1 (new edition) , Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda  , (1999  )page  166
2- Tehri Court Archives vio.2, notes 11/3
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Bhishma Kukreti

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Re: History of Uttarakhand, Kumaon & Garhwal-उत्तराखंड का इतिहास (कुमाऊं/गढ़वाल)
« Reply #1471 on: April 17, 2020, 08:00:15 AM »
Lady Canning Visiting Mussoorie (Garhwal , Uttarakhand )

History of King Bhavani Shah of Tehri Riyasat – 11
History of Tehri Kingdom (Tehri and Uttarkashi Garhwal) from 1815 –1948- 159
  History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) – 1396   
  By:   Bhishma Kukreti (History Student)
-
 In June 1860, Lady Canning the wife of Governor General Lord Canning visited Mussoorie via Tehri Garhwal territory. Lady canning entered Tehri Garhwal territory on 11 June 1860 Lady canning used to camp within short distances daily as she used to enjoy the natural beauty of Tehri Garhwal. On 14th June Lady canning reached to Ramsirayi. , On 17th June 1860  , she reached to Jaunpur, Garhwal . On  20 the June 1860 , Lady  Canning reached to Mussoorie . It was must that the Tehri government officials would have joined Lady Canning at the point of entery into Tehri Garhwal.
References –
1-Dabral S.P, Tehri Garhwal Rajya ka Itihas Bhag 1 (new edition) , Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda  , (1999  )page  168 
2- Tehri Court Archives vio.2, notes 11/92
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Bhishma Kukreti

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Re: History of Uttarakhand, Kumaon & Garhwal-उत्तराखंड का इतिहास (कुमाऊं/गढ़वाल)
« Reply #1472 on: April 19, 2020, 04:09:40 PM »
 King Bhavani Shah in Almora 

History of King Bhavani Shah of Tehri Riyasat – 12
History of Tehri Kingdom (Tehri and Uttarkashi Garhwal) from 1815 –1948- 160
  History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) – 1397   
  By:   Bhishma Kukreti (History Student)
-
    The Lieutenant General of North West India Calvin held Darbar in Almora on 1st October 1860. Officials, elites were invited attending for Darbar. Bhavani Shah also attended the Darbar. Bhavani Shah was also invited for Darbar.  Bhavani Shah started his journey from Tehri in time with his officials and loaders. There were 400 loaders with the troop for taking gift items and necessary items for the journey. There were 150 officials elites with Bhavani Shah in the troop.  Troop reached Almora via Shrinagar and Kanyur region. (2)
   The troop reached Almora before one or two days of Darbar day. (1)
References –
1-Dabral S.P, Tehri Garhwal Rajya ka Itihas Bhag 1 (new edition) , Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda  , (1999  )page  168 
2- Tehri Court Archives vio.2, notes 11/101
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Bhishma Kukreti

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Re: History of Uttarakhand, Kumaon & Garhwal-उत्तराखंड का इतिहास (कुमाऊं/गढ़वाल)
« Reply #1473 on: April 20, 2020, 09:08:41 AM »
Second Sanad to King Bhavani Shah from Canning

History of King Bhavani Shah of Tehri Riyasat – 12
History of Tehri Kingdom (Tehri and Uttarkashi Garhwal) from 1815 –1948- 160
  History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) – 1397   
  By:   Bhishma Kukreti (History Student)
-
 One the reasons of Gadar / revolt (1857) by Indian Kings against British raj were that British officials or British government did not allow kings adapting their heirs in case of no legal son. British Governor General used to refuse such adaption and after death of king, British used to take the Kingdom by force  .  Dabral states that after Gadar, British Queen  changed the policies and started accepting adaptation of heirs by the Kings (especially those helped British). (1).
  British Government accepted the adaptation by Sudarshan Shah too and offered a new Sanad by Governor General Lord canning as follows  to Bhavni Shah (2)-
                                                                Date 11 March 1862
Queen Victoria has a desire that present Kings rule their Kingdoms for ever. And their heirs should have right to rule on the Kingdoms. By this ‘Sanad’, It is being assured you that if your heir  is not from your legal wife or your own , you may adapt a heir as per Hindu customs  or other methods.  Government will accept the adapted heir as future King.
  Till you show faithfulness to British Crown, and will follow the engagements, treaties , orders if any , British government will not be hurdle in your actions (ruling the Kingdom)
                                                                      Signature  Lord canning
References –
1-Dabral S.P, Tehri Garhwal Rajya ka Itihas Bhag 1 (new edition) , Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda  , (1999  )page  168 
2- Atchison,  Treatises , engagement s and Sanads  vol.2 page 62
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Bhishma Kukreti

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Re: History of Uttarakhand, Kumaon & Garhwal-उत्तराखंड का इतिहास (कुमाऊं/गढ़वाल)
« Reply #1474 on: April 21, 2020, 11:29:26 AM »
  Revolt in Jaunpur (Tehri and Uttarkashi region) but from Thokdar side
History of King Bhavani Shah of Tehri Riyasat – 13
History of Tehri Kingdom (Tehri and Uttarkashi Garhwal) from 1815 –1948- 161
  History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) – 1399   
 
  By:   Bhishma Kukreti (History Student)
-
  Dr Dabral offered references of Hari Krishna Raturi (2) and informed that - A good numbers of   elites, Sayana and Kmains or Thokdars from Jaunpur region were supporters of Sher Singh being the King of Tehri Riyasat. Those elites did write a supporting letter of support for Sher Singh to British officials. They did not take well of Bhavani Shah becoming the King of Tehri Riyasat.  Many Kamin or Sayana inflamed the citizens of Jaunpur. King Bhavani Shah requested help from British. British government sent a few solders to Jaunpur. As soon as Army reached to Thatuda, the revolt was calmed down. There was no any firing or killing for calming down the revolt. That means the revolt was not from citizen side but was from Sayana sides. Many left wing historians always write such incidents as the revolt from people side but in real that revolt was from Thokdar sides and not people grudges (10.
References –
1-Dabral S.P, Tehri Garhwal Rajya ka Itihas Bhag 1 (new edition), Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda, (1999) page 169 
2-Raturi, H K, Garhwal ka Itihas 475
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Bhishma Kukreti

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Re: History of Uttarakhand, Kumaon & Garhwal-उत्तराखंड का इतिहास (कुमाऊं/गढ़वाल)
« Reply #1475 on: April 22, 2020, 08:47:56 AM »
Suppressing Rebels or Dhandhak     -1
History of King Bhavani Shah of Tehri Riyasat – 14
History of Tehri Kingdom (Tehri and Uttarkashi Garhwal) from 1815 –1948- 162
  History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) – 1400   
 
  By:   Bhishma Kukreti (History Student)
-
 From Sudarshan Shah Period only, there were two types of revolt in the Kingdom. One revolt was from Thokdars, Jagirdar or Kamin side. They wanted freedom to loot and wanted behave as King . Or those wanted a different King than present king. It was not revolt from people side but Thokdars made it people revolt indirectly
 There was another type of revolt was from people side as happened in Bhavani Shah Period. Since Bhavani Singh was born from a Khavasan (Mistress) , Sudarshan Shah did not pay attention on his education as a prince should have got . As per Dabral,  Bhavani Shah was simple and good hearted person .  Bhavani Shah did not have capability of suppressing opposition and did not have diplomatic sense too. Bhavani Shah had inferiority complex too . Instead of ruling firmly, He decentralized his power to his officials ministers etc.  Bhavani Shah preferred aloofness. He paid least attention on administration. The ministers and other officials took disadvantages by the characters of Bhavani Shah and started looting the people by increasing tax etc. Those officials started exploiting common people and by that example, Thokdars also started exploiting common men with cruel methods. Common men did revolt  (Dhandhak) against the state . (Raturi)
 When the civil officials used to go for suppressing rebelling citizens , the people used to head on with civil officers. If the armed force used to go for suppressing people agitation, people used to react calmly and used to surrender before armed forces. Then state officials used to torture the innocent citizens by all means as by snatching their land ownership , or officials used to fine them heavily .   In remote are where Thokdars never  followed the Kings order properly used to suppress people cruelty .


References –
1-Dabral S.P, Tehri Garhwal Rajya ka Itihas Bhag 1 (new edition), Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda, (1999) page 169 
2-Raturi, H K, Garhwal ka Itihas 475
3- Tehri Court Archive Register  no 2 , notes 11/F 10
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Bhishma Kukreti

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Re: History of Uttarakhand, Kumaon & Garhwal-उत्तराखंड का इतिहास (कुमाऊं/गढ़वाल)
« Reply #1476 on: April 23, 2020, 07:48:35 AM »
Suppressing Rebels or Dhandak     -2

History of King Bhavani Shah of Tehri Riyasat – 15
History of Tehri Kingdom (Tehri and Uttarkashi Garhwal) from 1815 –1948- 163
  History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) – 1401   
 
  By:   Bhishma Kukreti (History Student)
-
  In May 1861,  Himchand , Harak Singh, Anantram, Ghanna , Khushalu gave in writing a pardon request letter that they would never indulge in Dhandak activities (rebellion acts) and if they would do  so they would pay  a fine of Rs 1000 per Dhandak.
 In January 1862, the villagers of Gundiyalganv, Darvayat , Poraganv, Nagvan ganv badiyarganv and Patiganv of Ramsirayi Pargana gave in writing they would not go for Dhandak (rebellion act) other they would pay fine of Rs 500 -1000.  The villagers od Sarnol, Marapa, and Palya villages of Rvain  also gave pardon request letter to the state ( (Dabral, hari Krishna Raturi and Teri court Archives ) .
References –
1-Dabral S.P, Tehri Garhwal Rajya ka Itihas Bhag 1 (new edition), Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda, (1999) page 169 
2-Raturi, H K, Garhwal ka Itihas 475
3- Tehri Court Archive Register  no 2 , notes 11/F 10
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Bhishma Kukreti

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Re: History of Uttarakhand, Kumaon & Garhwal-उत्तराखंड का इतिहास (कुमाऊं/गढ़वाल)
« Reply #1477 on: April 24, 2020, 12:48:53 PM »
Suppression of Shiv Singh Rautela by Kingdom

History of King Bhavani Shah of Tehri Riyasat – 14
History of Tehri Kingdom (Tehri and Uttarkashi Garhwal) from 1815 –1948- 162
  History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) – 1400     

  By:   Bhishma Kukreti (History Student)
-
 Shiv Singh Rautela of was one of leaders of Dhandaks (rebellions) from Beera Dhanari village. Shiv Singh Rautela organized and incited villagers for revolting against Tehri King Bhavani Shah. Shiv Singh Rautela also wrote complaint letters to Kumaon Commissioner about the state officials harassing people. Dabral states that Mostly commissioner might have sent enquiry letter to the Kingdom official. 
The state officials harassed Shiv Singh Rautela by accusing him for anti- Kingdom activities. The Kingdom officials accused him and impounded his properties and harassed his family and relatives too.  Shiv Singh Bisht from Chinyali village of  Bisht Patti,  the close relative of Shiv Singh Rautela offered guarantee and paid fine on behalf of Rautela and by that way stopped Rautela’s harassment from the state (2).   

References –
1-Dabral S.P, Tehri Garhwal Rajya ka Itihas Bhag 1 (new edition), Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda, (1999) page 169 
2- Tehri Court Archive Register no 2 , notes 11/F 14
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 History of Bhavani Shah period of Tehri Garhwal will be continued in next chapter
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Bhishma Kukreti

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Re: History of Uttarakhand, Kumaon & Garhwal-उत्तराखंड का इतिहास (कुमाऊं/गढ़वाल)
« Reply #1478 on: April 25, 2020, 07:40:14 AM »
                     Revolt in Ravain Region

History of King Bhavani Shah of Tehri Riyasat – 17
History of Tehri Kingdom (Tehri and Uttarkashi Garhwal) from 1815 –1948- 165
  History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) – 1403     
  By:  Bhishma Kukreti[/b] (History Student)
-
   Ravain region had been a problematic region for British as well as for King Sudarshan Shah. Bhavani Shah faced revolt too in Ravain from people. Raturi states that There was people’s revolt from Ravain Pargana (2) .
  Raturi described that king Bhavani Shah had to go to Ravain for defusing the revolt. Dabral analysed Raturi that the revolt was due to mistakes from officials. The Tehri Court archive shows that Balbhadra Bisht and Nand ram led the revolt in Ravain in Bhavani Shah Period. Both incited the people for revolting against the Kingdom. Kingdom took stern action against them and officials went for catching the, both ran away from Tehri Riyasat to British Country side (must be Dehradun).  The state declared them Bhagoda absconders and declared that those who support them would be punished with hardship. Nobody gave them shelter. State harassed the family members of Bisht and Nand Ram. In November 1862, rebellions and Bisht and Nand Ram surrendered before the state officials and wrote a declaration that they would not revolt against the Kingdom in future nor would incite the citizens.
  Punishment for Shivram Bahuguna
 Tehri Court archive show that a Shivram Bahuguna wrote a letter to Kumaon Commissioner and incited the citizens for revolting against the Kingdom. State official found Shivram Bahuguna guilty for going against kingdom. Shivram Bahuguna wrote a declaration that he would be faithful to the state and was freed. Dabral states that it seems that Kingdom officials definitely might have punished financially Bahuguna and would have collected fines.
          Jail for Badari Singh Aswal
 Dabral states the  Tehri state officials behaved the most cruelly with Badari Singh Aswal of  Athur region.  In past due to leadership of Badari Singh, citizens got relief from harassment of state officials.  Citizens respected Badari Singh the most. However, Tehri Kingdom officials were annoyed by Badari Singh spreading awareness among citizens. In one forgery case about Bilaspur- Himachal Pradesh incident, Tehri Kingdom official caught some culprits. Along with the real culprits the Their Kingdom officials (1)
 Officials caught Badari Singh too and put him in Jail for six months. Officials freed Badari Singh Aswal and fined for Rs. 1000.(4). Bhakta Darshan informed that there appeal in support of Badari Singh before Commissioner Henry Ramsey (4). Ramsey found Badari Singh no guilty and ordered Tehri Kingdom for freeing Badari Singh Aswal.  Before, Ramsey’s order reached to Tehri, Badari Singh Aswal died in jail.
References –
1-Dabral S.P, Tehri Garhwal Rajya ka Itihas Bhag 1 (new edition), Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda, (1999) page 171   
2- Raturi , Pandit Hari Krishna  Garhwal ka Itihas ,pp  475
3- Tehri Court archive Register no 2,note no  11/3
4- Bhakta Darshan , Garhwal ke Divangat Bibhitiyan page 174
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 History of Bhavani Shah Period of Tehri Garhwal will be continued in next chapter
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Bhishma Kukreti

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Re: History of Uttarakhand, Kumaon & Garhwal-उत्तराखंड का इतिहास (कुमाऊं/गढ़वाल)
« Reply #1479 on: April 26, 2020, 07:54:11 AM »
Arbitrary and weak administration in Bhavani Shah Rule in Tehri Garhwal Kingdom
History of King Bhavani Shah of Tehri Riyasat – 18
History of Tehri Kingdom (Tehri and Uttarkashi Garhwal) from 1815 –1948- 166
  History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) – 1404     

  By:   Bhishma Kukreti (History Student)
-
 Bhavani Shah left the administration on his ministers without any interference. The State officials were illogical and lustful administrators.  The citizens were in pain and they expressed their pain by Dhandak (revolt). Bhavani Shah never cared about citizen’s pain and happiness. Bhavani Shah was more interested in pleasing British officials. The subject was dissatisfied and the King Bhavani Shaw a cut off from reality. (1)
   Main Administrators of King Bhavani Shah –
     Ramkrishna Painyuli was Deewan (prime Minister) of Kingdom. Govardhan Painyuli the Brother of Ramakrishna was Shirastedar (Chief Officer) in Tehri Court.  Due to recommendation by Ramkrishna, Bhavani Shah appointed Shrichanda as Nazir (A court official). Bhavani Shah appointed Shrichanda his Deewan (Prime Minister ( after the death of Ramkrishna Painyuli. (2).
 Shrichanda was an alcoholic. Therefore, there was no logical control on administration and officials were not administrating properly. Bhavani Shah also established an army of 600 Soldiers. The monthly salary of Garhwal soldier was Kacche Rs. 5 and Himachali  soldier was getting Pakke 5 rupee.   

References –
1-Dabral S.P, Tehri Garhwal Rajya ka Itihas Bhag 1 (new edition), Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda, (1999) page 172   
2- Singh, Minya Prem ,Guldast E Tavarikh pp  179
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