Author Topic: History of Uttarakhand, Kumaon & Garhwal-उत्तराखंड का इतिहास (कुमाऊं/गढ़वाल)  (Read 234197 times)

Bhishma Kukreti

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Arrival of Swami Ramatirtha

History of Tehri King Kriti Shah   - 16
History of Tehri Kingdom (Tehri and Uttarkashi Garhwal) from 1815 –1948- 189 
  History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) – 1435   
   
  By:   Bhishma Kukreti (History Student)

  Swami Ramtirtha belonged to Nanded district , Maharashtra.  Swami Ramatirtha was on tour of Tehri Garhwal and staying at Ganga bank in a chatti called Kodiya. Coincidently, King Kirti Shah was staying in Kodiya too on the way to   Dehradun for meeting Viceroy. King Kirti Shah came to know about Ramatirtha being there.  King Kirti Shah sent his minister to request Swami Ramatirtha to come to his camp. Swami Ramatirtha came to met king at his royal camp. The king welcomed Ramatirtha. King Kirti Shah asked Swami ji about existence of God. (2). Swami Ramatirtha impressed Kirti Shah about his views on existence of God.  Kirti Shah requested Swami Ramatirtha for attending a Sarva Dharma Sammelan (Conference of all religious Gurus ) in Japan. King Kirti Shah paid all the expense   for swami Ramatirtha tour to Japan. Swami Ramatirtha impressed all religious leaders in Japan.  Swami Ramatirtha also visited  America. 
   After arriving from foreign countries, from February 1906, Swami Ramatirtha started staying in a hut at Vashishthashram 50 miles away from Tehri city. Kirti Shah arranged food and other needs for  Swami.   In October , Swami Ramatirtha visited Tehri  and lived in Samlsu Bag there. Swami Ramatirtha stated living  in  hut  built  the King in Malideval village at ganga bank and one mile away from Tehri.
Swami Ramatirtha die d on 17th October 1906.
    King Kirti Shah offered monetary help to Manmohan the son of Swami Ramatirtha for getting Engineering degree from London.   (2)     
References   
1-Dabral S., Tehri Garhwal Rajya ka Itihas Bhag 1 (new edition), Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda, (1999) page 194
2-- Bhakta Darshan (1952), published by Bhakta Darshan Lansdowne, page 193 (The book is available on Internet as free PDF)
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Bhishma Kukreti

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British Government Appreciating Kirti Shah Administration
History of Tehri King Kriti Shah   - 16
History of Tehri Kingdom (Tehri and Uttarkashi Garhwal) from 1815 –1948- 189 
  History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) – 1435       
  By:   Bhishma Kukreti (History Student)
 British government appreciated Kirti Shah and his mother Queen Guleria for administration. In  1892, in a All India Kingdom heads conference , Agra, Viceroy Lord Lansdowne appreciated Kirti Shah before other Kings. In 1903, Delhi government (British Government )  awarded Kirti Shah by K.C.S.E and from that day Kirti Shah  was being called as  ‘Sir’ Kirti Shah.  In 1906, Governor appointed Kirti Shah as nominated member of UP legislative Council. (2)
References   
1-Dabral S., Tehri Garhwal Rajya ka Itihas Bhag 1 (new edition), Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda, (1999) page 195
2-- Bhakta Darshan (1952), published by Bhakta Darshan Lansdowne, page 186  (The book is available on Internet as free PDF)
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Bhishma Kukreti

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Unrest among Citizens in Kirti Shah Period
History of Tehri King Kriti Shah   - 16
History of Tehri Kingdom (Tehri and Uttarkashi Garhwal) from 1815 –1948- 189 
  History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) – 1435   
   
  By:  Bhishma Kukreti (History Student)

   Due to progressive approach, people respected Kirti Shah as ‘Bolda Badrinath (speaking Badrinath). However, there were state officials those used to harass the citizens. Pratap Shah appointed his brother in law Minya Hari Singh as Forest Conservator of the kingdom. People were dissatisfied by  cruel administration by  Minya Hari Singh. Later on Kirti Shah appointed Minyan Hari Singh as Bazir or minister.  Once, he was on tour of Kunjani and Khas region. People were totally frustrated by cruel behaviour of Minyan Kari Singh .Citizens surrounded him and took him as captive.  King Kirti Shah had to visit there and make citizens pacify. By that acts, people let free Minyan Hari Singh.  (2)
There was people movement against officials another time in Khas region. One day, Conservator Sadananda Gairiola reached to Khas Patti .  Citizens surrounded Gairola and captured him as captive. The King had to again come to pacify people.  (2)
References   
1-Dabral S., Tehri Garhwal Rajya ka Itihas Bhag 1 (new edition), Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda, (1999) page 196
2-- Bhakta Darshan (1952), published by Bhakta Darshan Lansdowne, page 189 (The book is available on Internet as free PDF)
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Bhishma Kukreti

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Unrest in Saklana Jagir (tax frees Jagir)

History of Tehri King Kriti Shah   - 119
History of Tehri Kingdom (Tehri and Uttarkashi Garhwal) from 1815 –1948- 192   
  History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) – 1438       
  By:   Bhishma Kukreti (History Student)
 There were disputes among the heirs of Hairram Saklani and Shishram Saklani in Saklana Jagir a tax frees Jagir.  The heirs of Saklani brothers started using suppressive methods for taking taxes and taking works from people without paying those any wages. (1)
     Referring a article by Vidywati Dobhal , Shiv Prasad Dabral narrates that there was sharp dissatisfaction among people and Rup Singh Kandari from Manjgava emerged a leader there to oppose the suppressions of Saklanis.  The law and order and judiciary was under Saklanis in Saklana Jagir.  Saklanis arrested Rup Singh Kandari and he was tied by chain .  Rup Singh was harassed physically and mentally by all means in prison. (1) Due to rule, after some time, Saklanis had to free Rup Singh Kandari.  Rup Singh Kandari restarted movement against Saklanis.  Saklanis requested Kirti Shah for giving them authority to keep Kandari in jail for longer. Kirti Shah called Rup Singh in his court and heard Rup Singh. Rup Singh told the king the realities of Saklanis.
 Kirti Shah also wrote about Saklanis. British government stopped all the judiciary authorities (as magistrate) of Jagirdar Saklanis 
References   
1-Dabral S., Tehri Garhwal Rajya ka Itihas Bhag 1 (new edition), Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda, (1999) page 196-197 
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Bhishma Kukreti

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Family Life and Last days of Tehri King Kirti Shah

History of Tehri King Kriti Shah   - 19
History of Tehri Kingdom (Tehri and Uttarkashi Garhwal) from 1815 –1948- 192   
  History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) – 1438   
   
  By:   Bhishma Kukreti (History Student)

 Forest Destruction in Saklana region-
Saklana  region was tax frees zone and Saklanis or Jagirdars were also administrators of Saklana  region.  It was time to get big income from forests.  Saklanis cut cedar tress without future thinking. When the king asked them they answered that they are the sole owners of the region and King did not have any authority t0 intervene. King Kirti Shah reported to Kumaon commissioner. Kumaon commissioner seized the right of forest management from Saklanis for Saklana region and handed over the rights to Tihri Kingdom.(1)
           Family Life of Kirti Shah:-
Kirti Shah was a noble man and was more interested in works than enjoyment. Kirti Shah had only one queen (granddaughter of Janagbahadur of Nepal)   and one Khavasan or keep (from Bisht family of Barsali-Nandganv). 
   Kirti shah had two sons Narendra Singh and Sundar Singh. Kirti Shah ahd good relation with his two uncles – Vichitra Shah and Surendra Shah. Bushehar King adopted Surendra Shah.
  In a sense Kirti Shah was workaholic and never thought of rest. Kirti Shah used to have simple food.  Tihri King Kirti shah expired on 25th April 1913 at the age of 39. His elder son Narendra Shah was .15 years old at the time of his death. His mother queen Guleria was alive at that juncture.
References   
1-Dabral S., Tehri Garhwal Rajya ka Itihas Bhag 1 (new edition), Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda, (1999) page 197 
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Bhishma Kukreti

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Crowning of Narendra Shah as Tehri King

History of Tehri King Narendra Shah -1
History of Tehri Kingdom (Tehri and Uttarkashi Garhwal) from 1815 –1948- 193   
  History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) – 1440   
   
  By:   Bhishma Kukreti (History Student)

  Narendra Shah was born on 3rd August 1898  in Pratap Nagar.   Narendra Shah was first son of Kirti Shah by queen Nepalan. Surendra Singh the Second son of Kirti Shah was by Bishtayani an official mistress of the King.
  Narendra Shah was of 15 years when Kirti Shah expired on 25th April 1913. Narendra Shah had only primary education by that time.  It was decided that Narendra Shah should be sent to Ajmer school and when he became adult he would be given charge for ruling.  After crowing ceremony, Narendra Shah was sent to Ajmer for further education. 
The elders decided to create a Guardian Council (Sanrakhshan Samiti ) for  administrating the Kingdom.  Queen Guleria (grandmother of Narendra Shah) had experience of ruling through Sanrakshan Samiti. She was alive at that time.  It was decided that Let Nepalan queen be the chairperson of Sanrakshan Samiti.  Howeer, she became ill and could not  continue her duty for long.
  In that situation, as per advice by Kumaon Commissioner, British Government sent Shamiyer as Chairperson of Sanrakshan Samiti for Tehri Garhwal. He worked in Tihri up to 1917. Then Mure was sent to Tihri as Chairperson of Samiti. Mure  an ICS officer who   worked till Narendra Shah  took the charge .
   Diwan Harikrishna Raturi was appointed as second member of the Sanrakshan Samiti.  Bhavani Datt Uniyal was appointed as member and later on promoted as secretary of the Samiti.
 Sanrakshan Samiti administrated the princely state from 8th may 1913 n to 4th October 1919.   
References-
1-Dabral S., Tehri Garhwal Rajya ka Itihas Bhag 2 (new edition), Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda, (1999) page 1
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Role of Tehri Riyasat (Princely State)  in First  World War

History of Tehri King Narendra Shah -2
History of Tehri Kingdom (Tehri and Uttarkashi Garhwal) from 1815 –1948- 194 
  History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) – 1441   
   
  By:   Bhishma Kukreti (History Student)

  As soon as Sanrakshan Samiti took charge, the First World War started in 1914. India was part of British Kingdom .Therefore, India had to participate in the world war. In 1913, British Government declared that British will not use Indian army for war barring protection of Indian boundaries. However, as soon as the war started, British used Indian armed forces for the war. British Army sent Indian armed forces in at least 6 terrains. Indian Kings sent their trained or untrained forces to support British Army. (2. Many aged kings as Jodhapur’s Guardian 70years old Pratap Singh offered  his personal  services for fighting the war on behalf of British. (2).
   27 Bigger Kingdoms and other 12 kingdoms sent their full army for the support of British army in different terrains.
Sanrakshan Samiti Tehri sent Sappers battalion raised by Kirti Shah in service of Viceroy of India. The Sanrakshan Samiti also encouraged and motivated youth of Tehri Garhwal for entering into army at Lansdowne Army centre .
References-
1-Dabral S., Tehri Garhwal Rajya ka Itihas Bhag 2 (new edition), Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda, (1999) page3 
2-Dodwell H.H, The Cambridge History of India, Vol.6 -476-477 (Available on Internet)
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Bhishma Kukreti

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Bravery by Nayak Darban  Singh Negi
History of Tehri King Narendra Shah -3
History of Tehri Kingdom (Tehri and Uttarkashi Garhwal) from 1815 –1948- 195 
  History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) – 1442       
  By:   Bhishma Kukreti (History Student)
 British Government started appointing soldiers at Lansdowne army camp from both the Garhwal guessing the surety of war. The Garhwali youth had good opportunity for earning and travelling various Indian cities and foreign countries. Garhwal Riflemen showed extra ordinary bravery in First World War at Frontiers. Nayak of First Garhwal Rifle Battalion Draban Singh and Rifleman Gabbar Singh Negi were awarded by Victoria Cross award the heist British Army Award for their extraordinary bravery.
     Darban Singh Negi:-
 Darban Singh Negi belonged to Kafarteer Village of Kadakot Patti of British Garhwal. By the time Darban Singh Negi got promoted as Nayak. British Army sent Garhwal Rifle Battalion to Europe front on 21st September 1914. Garhwal Riffle men reached French Port Marcels on 13 October 1914 (2). Immediately, British authorities sent the Garhwal Rifle men to the front.  First Garhwal Rifle Battalion was asked to fight with German soldiers in Festuwart along with other Indian battalion Firohpur Brigade.  There was fierce war between Garhwal Riffle men and German soldiers.   On 23rd November 1914, German Army captured front Ditch of 300 meter.  The Ditch was strategically important for British Army. Garhwal Rifle was asked to get back the Ditch from Germans in night only.
  On the same night, Garhwal Rifle capture 80 meter Ditch from Germans and captured 40-45 German soldiers. However, it was difficult for Garhwal Riffle  to march ahead with captured German soldiers.  Nayak Draban Singh had been in front at every attack as leading from the front. German soldiers were bombing as rain.  Draban Singh got injury in head and  arm. Draban Singh was not ready to back out from the front. Garhwal Riffle was heading inch by inch in ditches for two days and two nights.  Within 48 hours, Garhwal Riffles captured 105 German soldiers. Then Another Garhwal Riffle platoon came to replace that Garhwal Riffle platoon.
 British Army awarded Draban Singh by heist award; Victoria Cross’. In December 1914, Indian army welcome the king at Loken. King handed over the Victoria Cross Award to Darban Singh Negi. Darban Singh Negi was first Indian to get award from the King in person.
 


 
 
References-
1-Dabral S., Tehri Garhwal Rajya ka Itihas Bhag 2 (new edition), Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda, (1999) page 4-5 
2- Sir Ralf Deeds, Historical Records of Garhwal Rifles VOl.2, page XXI
3-Sir Ralf Deeds, Historical Records of Garhwal Rifles VOl.2,
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Bhishma Kukreti

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Bravery of Gabbar Singh Negi History ofTehri King Narendra Shah -4 History ofTehri Kingdom (Tehri and Uttarkashi Garhwal) from 1815 –1948- 196     History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon andHaridwar) – 1443         By:   Bhishma Kukreti (History Student)   GabbarSingh was the  second Garhwali army man that got the highest British Army Award 'VictoriaCross’ medal. Gabbar Singh was born in Sanjur village of Bamund Patti of TehriGarhwal in April 1895.  (1). A normal farmerBadri Singh Negi was his father. Gabbar Singh Negi worked for the State Garden at PratapNagar from 1911- 1913.  Gabbar Singh Negijoined Garhwali Rifle Battalion Second (Lansdowne) in October 1913.  Gabbar Singh as a soldier was sent toNewpeshala, a French border of German.  Bythat time British Government awarded Victoria Cross to Nayak Darban Singh Negi.The Garhwali battalion was in great enthusiasm. (1).   The toe Garhwali Battalions were there atwar fields at Newpenshal (German Border). Gabbar Singh was with GarhwaliBattalion Second.     Sir Ralf Deeds offers followingdescriptions of the war at Newpenshal war file- There was heavy bombing /gun firingfrom German side.  Garhwali Battalionfirst and Garhwal Battalion were with White Battalion  and Gorkha Battalion.Right hand – Garhwal Rifle First Battalion Right hand at centre – White Amy Left Hand at Centre – Gorkha battalion Left hand side – Garhwal Rifle Battalion  It is clear that Garhwal Battalions at the receiving end were in more dangerous position. The main jobs of boththe Garhwal Battalions were to protect other lines of Battalions and offerchances to both the battalions to march ahead. Garhwali soldiers were beinginjured or dying from heavy bombing from German Side . Those who were alive didnot worry about their lives and were marching ahead. Gabbar Singh was alsoinjured and did not worry and he took leadership from a platoon whose leader wasmartyred in German firing. The Platoon led by injured Gabbar Singh captured andkilled hundreds of German soldiers. Gababr Singh and his platoon ought withbravery and strategy. Unfortunately, German gun fire killed Gabbar Singh.British Government awarded Gabbar Singh with the  highest army award ofVictoria Cross  after martyrdom.    References-1-Dabral S., Tehri Garhwal Rajya ka Itihas Bhag 2 (new edition), Veer GathaPress, Dogadda, (1999) page 4-5  2- Sir Ralf Deeds, Historical Records of Garhwal Rifles VOl.2, page XXI Copyright@Bhishma Kukreti 

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Epidemic Influenza
History of Tehri King Narendra Shah -6
History of Tehri Kingdom (Tehri and Uttarkashi Garhwal) from 1815 –1948- 198   
  History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) – 1445       
  By:   Bhishma Kukreti (History Student)

  In First World War, millions of people and animals died and poisonous chemicals were also used. The war was not ended but the human all over world faced a tragic epidemics named as Influenza or fever disease by war.  It was contagious disease .once a person caught by this influenza, the person died within a week.  More people died by Influenza than the war (2) .
     There were  heavy casualties by Influenza of (War Fever disease) in British and Tihri Garhwal.  People ran away into jungle from villages as norms of social distancing. . The dead bodies were lying here and there in the villages, at water sources roads etc. Whoever came in  contact with infected person that person got disease. The epidemic remained for many years and there were heavy casualties from 1916 to 1919.   There are no records of Garhwalis from Garhwal dying by that Influenza epidemic.  There are death records available from Dehradun from Dehradun (2) –
1916-----3444 majority of persons died by influenza
1917- -----35 01---- do -----------
1918-------7170 --------- do ----------
1919-------4514
In Dehradun, in Influenza period, 18629 people died and majority of people died due to Influenza.  Dehradun had better medical facilities than Tihri and British Garhwal . It is estimated that in both the Garhwal, around 30000 people died due to epidemic Influenza of War fever disease
  ---Hard works Dr, Bhola Datt Kala . ----
Dr. Bhola Datt Kala was Superintendent of Shrinagar Government Hospital. He worked day and night in epidemic years and saved life of hundreds of people.  Government awarded Dr Bhola Datt Kala as Raibahadur.
   Death of  famous personalities by Influenza –
  Due to influenza Chandra Ballabh Khanduri (younger brother of contractor Ghana Nand Khanduri died on 13th November 1918.   Another brother of Ghana Nand Khanduri Tara Datt   Khanduri got information of death of younger brother and he returned to Mussoorie but he caught by Influenza in Mussoorie and died on 18th November 1918. Chandra Ballabh died without children. Ghana Nand Khanduri founded a charitable trust Chandra Ballabh trust and that trust used to help poor students in getting higher education. Ghana Nand Khanduri also opened a charitable Hospital Chandra Ballabh Hospital in Mussoorie.
 One famous social worker of Dogadda Dhaniram Mishra died due to influenza on 18th April 1919 after a week of getting caught by influenza. (1)
 References-
1-Dabral S., Tehri Garhwal Rajya ka Itihas Bhag 2 (new edition), Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda, (1999) page 7   
2- Cambridge History of India page Vol.6,  488 Available on Internet

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