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Author Topic: History of Uttarakhand, Kumaon & Garhwal-उत्तराखंड का इतिहास (कुमाऊं/गढ़वाल)  (Read 236024 times)

Bhishma Kukreti

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Re: History of Uttarakhand, Kumaon & Garhwal-उत्तराखंड का इतिहास (कुमाऊ & गढ़वाल)
« Reply #160 on: September 29, 2013, 08:22:51 AM »
Dhyanchandra /Dhyan Chand or Udyanchandra: The Chand King that extended Chand Kingdom 

                (History of Kumaon from 1000-1790 AD)
         (History of Chand Dynasty Rule in Kumaon)
History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar) - Part 156

                                              By: Bhishma Kukreti

                  King Dhyanchand/Dhyan Chandra (Udyan Chandra) (1420-1422 AD)

                  The Bhartichandra inscription (144) states that Dhyanchandra (whose name is Udyan Chandra in lists) ruled Champawat after demise of his father Gyan Chandra.
                   Dhyan Chandra performed repent rituals (Hantya) for those people who were harassed or killed by his father Gyan Chandra.
                   Dhyan Chandra did not take any tax from the subject for one year. Chand king Dhyan Chandra used to offer help to needy ones.
                           Dhyan Chandra repaired the Baleshwar Shiv temple and invited a Gujrati Brahman Sukhdev the son of Shri Chandra Tewadi for establishing the daily rituals. Shri Cahnd Tewadi felt it as insult and he migrated to Baramandal.

                               Extension of Chand Kingdom by Dhyan Chandra
   
        Dhyan Chandra won the territories from Padyar ruler of Chaugrakha ; ruler of Mahrudi and ruler of Bisaud adjacent to Champawat.

         In the time of Dhyan Chandra, Manikoti was ruler of Gangoli and Doti king was ruler of Seera, Sora, Askot, Johar and Darma. Vyas and Chaudas territories were under ruler of Jumal. Syunara and Lakhanpur were separately ruled by Katyuri rulers.Khati or Kathi was the ruler of Faldakot. Khasiya king was ruler of Ramgad and Kota.
 The Chand kingdom was in between of Kali River to Kosi and Suwal Rivers.
 Ram Datt Jyotirvid writes that a Katyuri ruler married his daughter with Dhyan Chandra. However, there is not historical record to support the statement. It is stated by Ramdatt that Katyuri ruler offered ‘ De,Assi, Chalsi and Ragod regions as dowry to Dhyan Chandra.

Dhyan Chandra could not complete the repair of Baleshwar Shiv temple and expired in 1422.

           Harish Chandra (1422-1423)

                 After death of Dhyan Chandra, his younger son Harish Chandra took over the rule but he also expired in 1423. Dhyan Chandra had elder son Dharma Chandra but Dharma Chandra did not get the kingdom. There is inscription of Dharma Chandra (1429 or 1419?)

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti -bckukreti@gmail.com 25/9/2013

                                      References

Dr. Shiv Prasad Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas Bhag 10, Kumaon ka Itihas 1000-1790
Badri Datt Pande, 1937, Kumaon ka Itihas, Shri Almora Book Depo Almora
Devidas Kaysth, Itihas Kumaon Pradesh
Katyur ka Itihas, Pundit Ram Datt Tiwari
Oakley and Gairola, Himalayan Folklore
Atkinson, History of District Gazette
Menhadi Husain, Tuglak Dynasty
Malfujat- E Timuri
Tarikh -e-Mubarakshahi vol 4
Kumar Suresh Singh2005, People of India
Justin Marozzi, 2006, Tamerlane: Sword of Islam
Bakshsingh Nijar, 1968, Punjab under Sultans 1000-1526 
The Imperial Gazetteer of India, Volume 13 page 52 
Bhakt Darshan, Gadhwal ki Divangit Vibhutiyan
Mahajan V.D.1991, History of Medieval India
Majumdar R.C. (edited) 2006, The Sultanate

(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
   
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -157
History of Kumaon (1000-1790) to be continued….
 Middle Himalayan, Indian Medieval Age History of Chand Dynasty rule in Kumaon to be continued…
  (Middle Himalayan, Indian Medieval Age History (740-1790 AD to be continued…)
Xx xxx
History of Chand Kings of Champawat, Kumaon of Himalayan, Indian Middle Age; History of Chand Kings of Chaugarkha, Champawat, Kumaon of Himalayan, Indian Middle Age; History of Chand Kings of Mahrudi, Champawat, Kumaon of Himalayan, Indian Middle Age; History of Chand Kings of  Bisaud, Champawat, Kumaon of Himalayan, Indian Middle Age; History of  Doti Kumaon of Himalayan, Indian Middle Age; History of Seera,  Kumaon of Himalayan, Indian Middle Age; History of  Sota, Kumaon of Himalayan, Indian Middle Age; History of  Askot, Kumaon of Himalayan, Indian Middle Age; History of  Johar, Kumaon of Himalayan, Indian Middle Age; History of  Darma, Kumaon of Himalayan, Indian Middle Age; History of  Vyas, Kumaon of Himalayan, Indian Middle Age; History of  Chaudas, Kumaon of Himalayan, Indian Middle Age; History of  Jumal, Kumaon of Himalayan, Indian Middle Age; History of  Syunara, Kumaon of Himalayan, Indian Middle Age; History of  Lakhanpaur, Kumaon of Himalayan, Indian Middle Age; History of  Faldakot, Kumaon of Himalayan, Indian Middle Age; History of  Ramgad, Kumaon of Himalayan, Indian Middle Age; History of  Kota, Kumaon of Himalayan, Indian Middle Age; History of  Baleshwar region, Kumaon of Himalayan, Indian Middle Age; History of  De region, Kumaon of Himalayan, Indian Middle Age; History of  Assi region, Kumaon of Himalayan, Indian Middle Age; History of  Chalsi region Kumaon of Himalayan, Indian Middle Age; History of  Rangod region Kumaon of Himalayan, Indian Middle Age…
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Bhishma Kukreti

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Re: History of Uttarakhand, Kumaon & Garhwal-उत्तराखंड का इतिहास (कुमाऊ & गढ़वाल)
« Reply #161 on: October 01, 2013, 11:56:02 AM »
 Kali Kalyan Chandra: a Cruel Chand King of Champawat, Kumaon

                (History of Kumaon from 1000-1790 AD)
         (History of Chand Dynasty Rule in Kumaon)
History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar) - Part 158

                                              By: Bhishma Kukreti

 The ruling time of Kali Kalyan Chandra is 1434-1468.
There are following inscriptions and evidences are available for Kali Kalyan Chandra.
List ‘A’ states the ruling period of Kali Kalyan Chandra as 1542-1551AD
‘B’ and ‘C’ lists state the period as 1446-1464AD
The following copper inscriptions are found about Kali Kalayn Chandra
Balishwar (Champawat) inscription of 1434 AD
Three inscriptions of Dandagaon 1440
Two inscriptions of Dandagaon 1461AD
One inscriptions of Dandagaon 1468 AD
Two other inscriptions are of 1450 and 1468.

              Suppression or oppression by Kali Kalyan Chandra
   Kali Kalyan Chandra was supposed to be a cruel king of Champawat.
              People were dissatisfied by oppressive methods of Kali Kalyan Chandra. Kali Kalyan Chandra was unable to control on his instant emotions. Under emotional imbalance, Kalyan Chandra used to place hard orders or used to forget what was right and what was wrong.

            Atkinson and Pande provided stories about Shaud Karayat helping Bharti Chandra to dislodge kingdom of Vikram Chandra.  The story seems to be of Kali Kalyan Chandra because the inscriptions of Bharti Chandra refer Shaud Karayat.

                   Revolt by Nephew Bharti Chandra
                An ambitious Bharti Chandra the nephew of Kali Kalyan Chandra revolted against his uncle. Bharti Chandra took help of Khasa brave man as Shaud Karayat. King Kali Kalyan Chandra buried live son of Shaud Karayat into wall.
              It seems that nephew of Kalyan Chandra -Bharti Chandra became free ruler of Bishung Patti, a portion of Sor region and ruled there till Kalyan Chandra was alive. The time of revolt of Bharti Chandra would fit 1444.
   Furar had eight copper inscriptions obtained from Shiv Datt Bisht. Two inscriptions are of Harishchandra (1461) and Pratapchandra (1461). Both Harishchnadra and Pratapchandra are not related with Chand king Harishchandra (1422-1423) or Pratapchandra the father of Bhartichandra.

  Bharti Chandra became Champawat king after death of Kali Kalyan Chandra in 1468AD


.
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti -bckukreti@gmail.com 1/10/2013

                                      References

Dr. Shiv Prasad Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas Bhag 10, Kumaon ka Itihas 1000-1790
Badri Datt Pande, 1937, Kumaon ka Itihas, Shri Almora Book Depo Almora
Devidas Kaysth, Itihas Kumaon Pradesh
Katyur ka Itihas, Pundit Ram Datt Tiwari
Oakley and Gairola, Himalayan Folklore
Atkinson, History of District Gazette
Menhadi Husain, Tuglak Dynasty
Malfujat- E Timuri
Tarikh -e-Mubarakshahi vol 4
Kumar Suresh Singh2005, People of India
Justin Marozzi, 2006, Tamerlane: Sword of Islam
Bakshsingh Nijar, 1968, Punjab under Sultans 1000-1526 
The Imperial Gazetteer of India, Volume 13 page 52 
Bhakt Darshan, Gadhwal ki Divangit Vibhutiyan
Mahajan V.D.1991, History of Medieval India
Majumdar R.C. (edited) 2006, The Sultanate
Rizvi , Uttar Taimur Kalin Bharat

(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
   
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -159
History of Kumaon (1000-1790) to be continued….
 Middle Himalayan, Indian Medieval Age History of Chand Dynasty rule in Kumaon to be continued…
  (Middle Himalayan, Indian Medieval Age History (740-1790 AD to be continued…)
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Bhishma Kukreti

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Re: History of Uttarakhand, Kumaon & Garhwal-उत्तराखंड का इतिहास (कुमाऊ & गढ़वाल)
« Reply #162 on: October 02, 2013, 10:58:17 AM »
Bharti Chandra an Opportunist and Ambitious Chand King of Champawat Kumaon, Himalayan Indian Middle Age


                (History of Kumaon from 1000-1790 AD)
         (History of Chand Dynasty Rule in Kumaon)
History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar) - Part 159

                                              By: Bhishma Kukreti
 There are two types of rule period of Bharti Chandra. One is when he revolted against his uncle Kali Kalyan Chandra and became ruler of small region and other when he took over rule of Champawat after death of his uncle. 
First period of Bharti Chandra is 1444-1455 and other is 1468-1499.
 Bharti Chandra revolted against his uncle Kali Kalyan Chandra and ruled small territory. Later on Bharti Chandra handed over this territory to his son Ratan Chandra (1445-1468).
        Inscriptions of Bharti Chandra are of -1444, 1445, 1449, 1450, 1451, 1455, 1469, 1475, 1499.
           There are disputes for two copper inscriptions of Bharti Chandra Asargaon of Askholiya Pandit those are of 1382 and 1397. Because it is impossible Bharti Chandra ruled for more than hundred years.
  Pundit Nitya Nand Mishra read Maharaja Bharti Chandra in the inscriptions of years 1455 AD.
                    Anant Dev the court poet of King Baj Bahadur Chandra (Chand King of later era) did not mention about Bharti Chandra as Chand dynasty king.
         In 1944, Bharti Chandra captured Bishung Patti from his uncle. 

             Guerilla Attacks by Bharti Chandra on Seera and Sora region

     The elder brother of Katyuri kingdom king used to rule from Doti and other family members or younger brothers used to rule in Seera and Sora region of Kumaon.
  There were infightings among Katyuri family rulers from 1445-1450. The younger prince Nagmall Katyuri of Seera region captured the Doti Kingdom from his elder brother Arjundev. Definitely, there were rival groups among administrative staff of Katyuri rulers. Arjundev with his family members and supporters ran from Doti to Champawat and took shelters from Champawat King Kali Kalyan Chandra. Kali Kalayn Chandra was already in trouble from his nephew Bharti Chandra.
 Bharti Chandra started guerilla attacks on Sora and Sera regions of Nagmall ruled regions. Dhanyachandra brother of Bharti Chandra, Shaud Karayat and his supporters used to provide support to Bharti Chandra.

                             Attack on Doti by Bharti Chandra

             The subject of Champawat was against kali Kalyan Chandra. Therefore, Bharti Chandra got rebels easily. With Old Chim saun and other rebel force, Bharti Chandra started campaign to attack on Doti. According to Hudkya folklore, Bharti Chandra and his son Ratan Chandra marched from Sui, Gangolighat, and Pithoragarh and reached to Jhulaghat. From Jhulaghat the army of Bharti Chandra crossed Kali Ganga and reached to  Sora.
 According to Atkinson, Bharti Chandra camped at bali Chaukad at the bank of Kali River. From here, Bharti Chandra used to attack through guerilla means on Doti for twelve years.
 In the absence of Bharti Chandra, his son Ratan Chandra ruled on Kali Kumaon. With the help of Paik Maid Son of Sonkot,  ruler of Katehar and his son , Bharti Chandra created huge army and attacked on Nagmall. Nagmall was defeated. From that time, Chandra kingdom got real free rule over Champawat. From that day, Chand kings became Maharaja and Chand kings did not have to pay tribute to Katyuri kings (Doti). Doti was still free.
             In fact, the campaigns of Bhartichandra against Doti were always as guerilla attacks

                 Territories under Bharti Chandra

  The territories of Chand kingdom was increased by Bharti Chandra. Klayn Chandra was also ruler of Kali Kumaon till 1468. Only after death of Kali Kalyan Chandra, Bharti Chandra got rule of complete Kali Kumaon.
 It seems when Kali Kalyan Chandra was alive, Bharti Chandra had Sui-Bishang, Badakot, Danya, Chaukoli, Jageshwar, and origin of Sual River and some eastern part were under him.


## Read about Rule of Ratan Chandra and second Rule by Bharti Chandra in next chapter …
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti -bckukreti@gmail.com 2/10/2013

                                      References

Dr. Shiv Prasad Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas Bhag 10, Kumaon ka Itihas 1000-1790
Badri Datt Pande, 1937, Kumaon ka Itihas, Shri Almora Book Depo Almora
Devidas Kaysth, Itihas Kumaon Pradesh
Katyur ka Itihas, Pundit Ram Datt Tiwari
Oakley and Gairola, Himalayan Folklore
Atkinson, History of District Gazette
Menhadi Husain, Tuglak Dynasty
Malfujat- E Timuri
Tarikh -e-Mubarakshahi vol 4
Kumar Suresh Singh2005, People of India
Justin Marozzi, 2006, Tamerlane: Sword of Islam
Bakshsingh Nijar, 1968, Punjab under Sultans 1000-1526 
The Imperial Gazetteer of India, Volume 13 page 52 
Bhakt Darshan, Gadhwal ki Divangit Vibhutiyan
Mahajan V.D.1991, History of Medieval India
Majumdar R.C. (edited) 2006, The Sultanate
Rizvi , Uttar Taimur Kalin Bharat

(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
   
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -160
History of Kumaon (1000-1790) to be continued….
 Middle Himalayan, Indian Medieval Age History of Chand Dynasty rule in Kumaon to be continued…
  (Middle Himalayan, Indian Medieval Age History (740-1790 AD to be continued…)
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Bhishma Kukreti

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Re: History of Uttarakhand, Kumaon & Garhwal-उत्तराखंड का इतिहास (कुमाऊ & गढ़वाल)
« Reply #163 on: October 03, 2013, 12:13:30 PM »
Ratan Chandra: First King Who Started Land Revenue Management in Kumaon


            (History of Kumaon from 1000-1790 AD)
         (History of Chand Dynasty Rule in Kumaon)
History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar) - Part 160

                                              By: Bhishma Kukreti

                              Ratan Chandra (1455-1468)


         Ratan Chandra a Chand king is credited for initiating land revenue management first time in Kumaoni history. Ratan Chandra was son of Bharti Chandra. Bharti Chandra was nephew of King Kali Kalyan Chandra.
 There are two views for Ratan Chandra ruling period. Atkinson states that Ratan Chandra ruled from 1450-1488. The list ‘A’ provides the information that Ratan Chandra ruled from 1461-1488.
                      The inscription of Bharti Chandra 9father of rattan Chandra) of 1451 declares Ratan Chandra as prince. The first copper inscription of Ratan Chandra is of 1455. There are no inscriptions of Bharti Chandra available from 1455-1468. Other inscriptions of Bharti Chandra are available from 1469-1499.
Therefore, Dr Dabral suggests that the ruling period of Ratan Chandra is from 1455-1468. After the death of Ratan Chandra, Bharti Chandra took again the rule of Champawat till 1499. Since, Bharti Chandra was old, his grandson Kirati Chandra used to look after administration.

                           Donation by Ratan Chandra

                    When Ratan Chandra and his father won the battle of Doti, got Chaugrkha territory and later on full authority to rule by his father, Ratan Chandra got honor. People and other smaller rulers started respecting Ratan Chandra. Jageshwar temple was under his Raut (rule).  Ratan Chandra believed the blessing of Jageshwar temple for his success.  Ratan Chandra performed rituals in Jageshwar and donated villages to Jageshwar temple.
          Land Revenue Management

         After getting ‘Raut’ (administration) by his father, Ratan Chandra started travelling in his ruled territory.  Ratan Chandra started fixing rules for tax levies from farmers. It is said that it was first initiation of fixing land tax levies rules from farmers.

            Second War with Doti
                        By many attacks on Doti king Nagmall by Bharti Chand, Nagmall was defeated but his power was intact. It was also decided that Chand kings would not pay tribute to Doti Katyuri king.
 To regain power on Chand Kingdom in Champawat, Doti king Nagmall attacked on Kali Kumaon.  Rattan Chandra took huge army and the army and exile Doti king Arjun Dev with him and defended attack of Nagmall then Doti King.
               Ratan Chandra defeated Nagmall and in the battle Nagmall was killed. Arjun Dev took over again rule of Doti kingdom.
 Arjun Dev started Doti rule as Arjunshahi and from that time, the Doti kings were called as Shahi Kings.

                        Capturing smaller territories by Ratan Chandra

           There were smaller rulers nearby Doti kingdom. Jagarnath Bhatt was ruler of Jumla, Kharkasingh Mahra was ruler of Bajang (dr Dabral wrote Bhujan) and Shorsingh Mahra was ruler of Thal. Ratan Chandra terrorized them and they accepted over rule of Ratan Chandra. These rulers accepted to send every year the tributes of Horse1; Kasturi veena-1; Baj -1 and Arrow-bow-1. On that period, such types of tribute were symbols of accepting over rule by smaller or weak kings.
  The rulers of above three territories paid tribute regularly to Chand Kings till Gorkha entered in the scene.
The list of Bajang rulers is available –
1-Raja Uttam Singh
2- Raja Raghunath Singh
3- Raja Shivraj Singh
4- Raja Indra Singh
5- Raja Ratna Singh
6- Raja Mahendra
7- Raja Gajraj Singh was alive till 1850 AD


              Sheltering five families by Ratan Chandra

                 Ratan Chandra brought five Rajput families from Doti or across Kali River and provided them land in his territories. These families are Soradi, Deupa, Parchuda, Paderu and Chiral. From scial aspects, these families were equal to Chand caste.

                Capturing Sor territory

                 Ratan Chandra extended his territory. Ratan Chandra captured Sor in 1468 but after his death in 1468, Sor became free from Chand king.  The Bom family (related to Katyuri king family) were the rulers of Udaypurkot .
The following names of Bam kings are available
1-Karakil Bam
2-Kakil Bam
3-Chanari bam
4-Arki bam
5-Gyani Bam
6-Shakti bam
7-Vijay Bam
8-Hari bam
Ratan Chandra might have expired in 1468. 


 







Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti -bckukreti@gmail.com 3/10/2013

                                      References

Dr. Shiv Prasad Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas Bhag 10, Kumaon ka Itihas 1000-1790
Badri Datt Pande, 1937, Kumaon ka Itihas, Shri Almora Book Depo Almora
Devidas Kaysth, Itihas Kumaon Pradesh
Katyur ka Itihas, Pundit Ram Datt Tiwari
Oakley and Gairola, Himalayan Folklore
Atkinson, History of District Gazette
Menhadi Husain, Tuglak Dynasty
Malfujat- E Timuri
Tarikh -e-Mubarakshahi vol 4
Kumar Suresh Singh2005, People of India
Justin Marozzi, 2006, Tamerlane: Sword of Islam
Bakshsingh Nijar, 1968, Punjab under Sultans 1000-1526 
The Imperial Gazetteer of India, Volume 13 page 52 
Bhakt Darshan, Gadhwal ki Divangit Vibhutiyan
Mahajan V.D.1991, History of Medieval India
Majumdar R.C. (edited) 2006, The Sultanate
Rizvi, Uttar Taimur Kalin Bharat

(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
   
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -161
History of Kumaon (1000-1790) to be continued….
 Middle Himalayan, Indian Medieval Age History of Chand Dynasty rule in Kumaon to be continued…
  (Middle Himalayan, Indian Medieval Age History (740-1790 AD to be continued…)
Xx
Notes on History of Kumaon, History of Champawat Kumaon, History of Doti Nepal, History of Bajang Nepal, History of Sor Kumaon, History of Kali Kumaon, History of Jageshwar Kumaon, History of Chaugarkha Kumaon, History of Sari Kumaon, History of Udaypur Kumaon,
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Bhishma Kukreti

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Re: History of Uttarakhand, Kumaon & Garhwal-उत्तराखंड का इतिहास (कुमाऊ & गढ़वाल)
« Reply #164 on: October 04, 2013, 11:13:32 AM »
                     Folklores from  Bharati Chandra Period 

            (History of Kumaon from 1000-1790 AD)
         (History of Chand Dynasty Rule in Kumaon)
History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar) - Part 161

                                              By: Bhishma Kukreti

                        Atkinson refers and so other historians a couple of folklores or folk sayings from the time of Bharati Chandra (1444-1455 and 1468-1499).
           Bharati Chandra revolted against his uncle and handed over the rule to his son Ratan Chandra and he himself was busy in guerilla attacks on Doti. However, when his son Ratan Chandra expired, Bharati Chand took over rule but his grandson Kirati Chand used to look after administration.
                    Sor territory becoming free

         Sor was a subsidy territory of Doti .Rattan Chand won the territory of Sor or Soryali from Katyuris (Head quarter Doti) in 1468 but died just after capturing the territory. Brahm Katyuri of Sor declared his territory free from Chand rule. 

                                       Folklore about winning by whip

                   Doti king attacked on Kali Kumaon that was under Chand king Bharati Chand.  Bharati Chand was ready to defend the territory. A saint came there and advised Bharati Chand not to go with army. Instead the saint Nagnath gave a whip to army commander of Bharati Chand to defend the Doti army.
 The army chief won the battle in defending Doti army and there was huge loss of Doti army.  Nagnath became the advisor of Bharati Chand.
  However, there is no evidence for proving the folklore.
There is second folklore about Nagnath too. As per advice of Nagnath , Kirati Chand or Kirit Chand (son of Bharati Chand) won a couple of Thokdari.

        Jaidan Kiral in Bam kingdom (Sora or Soriyali Kingdom)
              There was a kingdom officer Shri Jaindan of Kirigaon village of Baldiya patti. He used to look after land revenues.
 Jaindan was strict and faithful officer. He searched and did research on lands of people and exposed the people who were hiding their land. He compiled the record. People were unhappy about search and compilation of records by Shri Jaindan.
  Once, Jaidan was away from his home. The people spread the rumor to his wife that  Jiadain is died. The people who did not want to pay tax they advised wife of Jaidain that she should burn (Sati) with the land records. Wife of Jaidain died by accepting Sati (to die by burning herself) ritual with land records.
  मरी गयो जैन्दो जलाई हालि बै
जसि जसि सोरयाल कूनी तसि तसि भै
(Jaidain died and records were burnt. Whatever Soryalpeople say it happens true and Jiadan died after records were destroyed)
It is said that Jaidain died as soon he learnt the incident of his wife burning herself with land records.

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti -bckukreti@gmail.com 4/10/2013

                                      References

Dr. Shiv Prasad Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas Bhag 10, Kumaon ka Itihas 1000-1790
Badri Datt Pande, 1937, Kumaon ka Itihas, Shri Almora Book Depo Almora
Devidas Kaysth, Itihas Kumaon Pradesh
Katyur ka Itihas, Pundit Ram Datt Tiwari
Oakley and Gairola, Himalayan Folklore
Atkinson, History of District Gazette
Menhadi Husain, Tuglak Dynasty
Malfujat- E Timuri
Tarikh -e-Mubarakshahi vol 4
Kumar Suresh Singh2005, People of India
Justin Marozzi, 2006, Tamerlane: Sword of Islam
Bakshsingh Nijar, 1968, Punjab under Sultans 1000-1526 
The Imperial Gazetteer of India, Volume 13 page 52 
Bhakt Darshan, Gadhwal ki Divangit Vibhutiyan
Mahajan V.D.1991, History of Medieval India
Majumdar R.C. (edited) 2006, The Sultanate
Rizvi, Uttar Taimur Kalin Bharat

(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
   
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -162
History of Kumaon (1000-1790) to be continued….
 Middle Himalayan, Indian Medieval Age History of Chand Dynasty rule in Kumaon to be continued…
  (Middle Himalayan, Indian Medieval Age History (740-1790 AD to be continued…)
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Bhishma Kukreti

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Re: History of Uttarakhand, Kumaon & Garhwal-उत्तराखंड का इतिहास (कुमाऊ & गढ़वाल)
« Reply #165 on: October 05, 2013, 01:00:28 PM »
Kirati Chand: The Cruelest Chand king infamous for Cruel Human Slaughtering

(History of Kumaon from 1000-1790 AD)
         (History of Chand Dynasty Rule in Kumaon)
History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar) - Part 162

                                              By: Bhishma Kukreti

                       Kirati Chand or Kirti Chandra (1499-1506)

The list ‘A’ of Chand kings states that Kirati Chandra or Kirti Chand ruled from 1488-1503. Chand Kings List ‘A’ describes him Kiratichandra and ‘B’ and C’ lists describe him as Kirtichandra.
Atkinson suggests the ruling period of Kirati Chandra or Kirti Chand is from 1488-1503.
There is inscription of Kirati Chandra or Kirti Chand dated 16th December, 1505 and the inscription of his son Pratap Chandra is of 1510. Therefore, Dr Dabral states that Kirti Chandra or Kirati Chand ruled from 1499-1506 or a year above.

                        Chand Kingdom Extension

  Soon, Kirti Chand or Kirati Chandra succeeded the kingdom from his grandfather Bharati Chandra; Kirati Chand started extending Chand kingdom.

Bramandal Campaign- There was dozens of small Gadhi or Thokdari in Baramandal. Katyuri family members or Khasa Thokdar (chieftains) used to rule over Barmandal (subsidy of Katyuri kingdom). Bisaud a smaller kingdom or Gadhi was on the east bank of Sual River, and Syunara a smaller kingdom was on the west bank of Sual River. As per rock inscription of 1348 Niraypal Katyuri was chieftain of Biasaud in 1348 and as per temple inscription of 1307, Arjundev Katyuri was chieftain of Syunari. 
  In 1421, Dhyan Chand won over Bisaud, Chaugarkha and Mahrudi regions.  Dhyan Chandra in 1421, invited Gujrati Brahmin Sukhdev as priest for Baleshwar temple worshipping. Shri Chandra the father od Sukhdev felt insulted and he reached to Khagmarakot the capital of Syunara kingdom. There he met chieftain of Syunara.
       Shrichandra the astrologer told to Syunara king or chieftain that very soon somebody would snatch Khagmarakot. The Syunara chieftain donated   Khagmarakot to Brahmin Shrichandra and shifted his capital to Syunarakot.  Seeing opportunity, the Bisaud chieftain captured Khagmarakot and villages under Khagmarakot. At the same time, Chand king captured Biasuad.
 Kirati Chandra captured Bisaud and dispatched away the chieftain of Bisaud.
        Immediately after winning Bisaud, Kirti Chandra won over the territory of Syunara. 
  After winning Syunara, Kirati Chand progressed to win over Tikhun ruled by a Khasa chieftain. However, Kirati Chandra failed in first attempt to capture Tikhunkot the capital of Tikhun. Kirati Chandra took help a Tikhun traitor Chilwal who blocked the water supply to Tikhunkot. Due to cutting of water supply for Tikhunkot (fort), the Tikhun chieftain ran away from there. Kirati got right over Tikhun region. Kirti Chand awarded Thokdari for many villages to Chilwal the traitor of Tikhun.

                         Cruelest Human Slaughtering

               When Kirati Chandra won over Syunarakot or fort of Syunara, the Syunara chieftain ran away towards Borarau. However, the Syunara king army resisted Kirti Chand. Syunara army killed the frontier infantry of Kirati Chandra or Kirti Chand. However, this resistance did not stop Kirti Chand for winning over present regions of Almora, Ranikhet and west of Almora-Ranikhet.
  Kiratichandra or Kirti Chand ordered to kill people of village under newly won territory. Kaida and Buara army commanders accepted the order in literal form and killed or slaughtered the people of territory in between Kosi and Gagas Rivers.  This bloodbath by cruel soldiers of Kirati Chand was equal to as Muslim rulers did in Katehar.
 Kirti Chandra rewarded Kaida and Borau commanders and awarded them Kaidaro and Borarau Patti as Jagir.
An Unknown Katyuri King-
                    Bhikiyasain is at the confluence of Gagas and Ramganga. Pali Katyuri family branch used to rule over this territory from thirteenth century.  Lakhanpur was the capital of confluence of Ramganga and Gagas rivers.  This Lakhanpur is different than Lakhnapur near Badachina of Brahmdev. Kiratichandra attacked on this territory ruled by Katyuri family. The Katyuri ruler sent message to Kiratichandra that he was vacating the fort and Kiratichandra should treat the subject as his subject and Kiratichandra was free to rule on this territory.
 The Katyuri king ran away from Lakhnapur Kot (fort) and built a small fort in Salt. Katyuri ruled peacefully in Salt for many centuries without interference of Chand kings.
Human Slaughtering in Faldakot- After getting win over eastern part of West Ramganga River, Kiratichandra attacked on Faldakot. Khati a family tree heir of Katyuri used to rule over Faldakot. The Faldakot Khati king was killed in first attack by Kiratichandra. The army and subject of Khati kingdom (Faldakot) fought with Kiratichandra’s army with courage. The subject and army of Faldakot failed the attack of Kiratichand.
                  Kiratichandra attacked second time with more force. Kirati Chandra won over the fort of Faldakot. Kiratichandra ordered his army commanders who were from Mara, Khadayat and Dhek caste Rajput to slaughter the people of Faldakot. Mara, Khadayat and Dhek commanders took order seriously and killed innocent people of Faldakot. It is said that army commanders of Kirti Chandra beheaded people of Faldakot as man cuts crops.
  Kirati Chandra awarded Faldakot territories among Mara, Khadayat and Dhek army commanders. 
Attack on Kota-Kotauli- After winning over above territories Kirti Chandra campaigned for winning Kota and Kotauli.
 The chieftains and subject did not dare to fight back with cruelest ever army of Kumaoni kings. Kirti Chandra captured Kota-Kotauli with ease.
Kirati Chandra returned from Kota-Kotauli to Champawat via Dyani Rau. Kirti Chandra appointed governors for looking after the administration.
Kiratipur Chauki- After the above campaign, Kirti Chandra visited Mal. At this time there was peace in Bhabhar –Tarai Mal due to infighting among Delhi Sultan heirs. Now again, the people started residing in the area (which was once barren due to frequent attacks from governors of Delhi Sultan). Kiratichandr established a Chauki near Jaspur. It was called Kiratipur Chauki or police station or army check post.
 

## Read about attack of Kiratichandra on Garhwal territories in chapter -163

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti -bckukreti@gmail.com 5/10/2013

                                      References

Dr. Shiv Prasad Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas Bhag 10, Kumaon ka Itihas 1000-1790
Badri Datt Pande, 1937, Kumaon ka Itihas, Shri Almora Book Depo Almora
Devidas Kaysth, Itihas Kumaon Pradesh
Katyur ka Itihas, Pundit Ram Datt Tiwari
Oakley and Gairola, Himalayan Folklore
Atkinson, History of District Gazette
Menhadi Husain, Tuglak Dynasty
Malfujat- E Timuri
Tarikh -e-Mubarakshahi vol 4
Kumar Suresh Singh2005, People of India
Justin Marozzi, 2006, Tamerlane: Sword of Islam
Bakshsingh Nijar, 1968, Punjab under Sultans 1000-1526 
The Imperial Gazetteer of India, Volume 13 page 52 
Bhakt Darshan, Gadhwal ki Divangit Vibhutiyan
Mahajan V.D.1991, History of Medieval India
Majumdar R.C. (edited) 2006, The Sultanate
Rizvi, Uttar Taimur Kalin Bharat

(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
   
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -163
History of Kumaon (1000-1790) to be continued….
 Middle Himalayan, Indian Medieval Age History of Chand Dynasty rule in Kumaon to be continued…
  (Middle Himalayan, Indian Medieval Age History (740-1790 AD to be continued…)
Xx
Notes on the Cruelest Chand king infamous for Cruel Human Slaughtering; the Cruelest Chand king of Champawat infamous for Cruel Human Slaughtering; the Cruelest Chand king of Faldakot infamous for Cruel Human Slaughtering; the Cruelest Chand king of Almora infamous for Cruel Human Slaughtering; the Cruelest Chand king of Ranikhet infamous for Cruel Human Slaughtering; the Cruelest Chand king of Bhikyasain infamous for Cruel Human Slaughtering; the Cruelest Chand king of Bisaud infamous for Cruel Human Slaughtering; the Cruelest Chand king of Syunara infamous for Cruel Human Slaughtering; the Cruelest Chand king of Kaidaro and  Burarau regions infamous for Cruel Human Slaughtering; the Cruelest Chand king of Kota-Kotauli infamous for Cruel Human Slaughtering; the Cruelest Chand king of Jaspur infamous for Cruel Human Slaughtering;
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Re: History of Uttarakhand, Kumaon & Garhwal-उत्तराखंड का इतिहास (कुमाऊ & गढ़वाल)
« Reply #166 on: October 07, 2013, 12:18:46 PM »
Battle between Champawat king Kirati Chand (Kirti Chandra) and Garhwali King Ajay Pal 

             (History of Kumaon from 1000-1790 AD)
         (History of Chand Dynasty Rule in Kumaon)
History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar) - Part 163

                                              By: Bhishma Kukreti

                There are a couple of evidences those imply that Kirati Chandra/ Kirti Chand or Kirti Chandra attacked on Garhwal kingdom when Ajay Pal was king.
              The folklore related to Baba Nagnath state that Nathpanth priest Nagnath suggested Kirati Chand to attack on Garhwal for taking advice from Baba Satyanath (who was Guru of Nagnath and was settled in Garhwal).  Kirati Chandra cancelled his campaign to win over on Garhwal due to sudden death of Baba Satyanath.
          Hari Krishna Raturi (1920)wrote that in 1500AD, as soon as Ajaya Pal succeeded Garhwal kingdom, the Champawat king attacked on Garhwal from Badhan region. Champawat king defeated Garhwal king and Ajaya Pal ran away to a hill. There Baba Satyanath inspired to defend again against Champawat king. Ajay Pal attacked on Champawat king and defeated Champawat king. Champawat King had to make peace with Garhwal king.
     B.D. Pandey (1927) wrote that after capturing various territories of Katyuri and Khasa from Kumaon region, Kirati Chandra attack on Garhwal and won some territories. However, in return of Gold as tribute from Garhwal king, Kirati Chandra returned the territory to Garh –King. Kiratichandra decided Deghat as border dividing region. It seems Deghat was in Garhwal kingdom and Kirati Chandra captured this territory from Garhwali king.
    Pundit Medhkar Bahuguan the court poet of Pradip Shah (1717-77AD) king of Garhwal wrote in Ramayan-Pradip that a Katyuri king from Champawat attacked and defeated Ajay Pal and snatched the gold throne. Later on Ajaypal defended and got his golden throne back. Ajaypal shifted his capital from Chandpur Garhi  to Shrinagar. Since, historians are unaware any Katyuri king in 1500 who was so powerful it seems that Medhakar described Kirati Chandra as king of Katyuri rulers.
                     Death of Kirati Chandra

                 The last inscription of Kirati Chandra is dated 1505AD and first inscription of his successor is dated back 1510 AD. That means Kirati Chandra died in between 1506-1510.
   The Folklore praised the brave characteristic of Kirati Chandra. However, folklore declared him the cruel most Chand king too. People loved Katyuri kings very much that still people worship Katyuri as deities.
                                   Nathpanth
                 In the time of Kirati Chandra Nathpanth progressed in Kumaon and at the same time Nathpanth progressed in Garhwal too. Satyanath was Guru of Ajay Pal of Garhwal and Nagnath was Guru of Kirati Chandra. Kirati Chandra donated land for Nath temple. There is Samadhi (burial place) and temple of Nagnath in Champawat. There is Samdhi and temple of Satya Nath in Devalgarh near Shri Nagar Garhwal. The present people of Garhwal and Kumaon have great respect for Nath priest.

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti -bckukreti@gmail.com 7/10/2013

                                      References

Dr. Shiv Prasad Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas Bhag 10, Kumaon ka Itihas 1000-1790
Badri Datt Pande, 1937, Kumaon ka Itihas, Shri Almora Book Depo Almora
Devidas Kaysth, Itihas Kumaon Pradesh
Katyur ka Itihas, Pundit Ram Datt Tiwari
Oakley and Gairola, Himalayan Folklore
Atkinson, History of District Gazette
Menhadi Husain, Tuglak Dynasty
Malfujat- E Timuri
Tarikh -e-Mubarakshahi vol 4
Kumar Suresh Singh2005, People of India
Justin Marozzi, 2006, Tamerlane: Sword of Islam
Bakshsingh Nijar, 1968, Punjab under Sultans 1000-1526 
The Imperial Gazetteer of India, Volume 13 page 52 
Bhakt Darshan, Gadhwal ki Divangit Vibhutiyan
Mahajan V.D.1991, History of Medieval India
Majumdar R.C. (edited) 2006, The Sultanate
Rizvi, Uttar Taimur Kalin Bharat

(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
   
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -164
History of Kumaon (1000-1790) to be continued….
 Middle Himalayan, Indian Medieval Age History of Chand Dynasty rule in Kumaon to be continued…
  (Middle Himalayan, Indian Medieval Age History (740-1790 AD to be continued…)
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Re: History of Uttarakhand, Kumaon & Garhwal-उत्तराखंड का इतिहास (कुमाऊ & गढ़वाल)
« Reply #167 on: October 08, 2013, 10:00:06 AM »
Pratap Chandra: An Average Chand king of Kumaon of Middle Age

             (History of Kumaon from 1000-1790 AD)
         (History of Chand Dynasty Rule in Kumaon)
History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar) - Part 164

                                              By: Bhishma Kukreti

          Ruling Period of Pratap Chandra (1506-1511)

                   The list ‘A’ and “C’ provide information that the ruling period of Chand king Pratap Chandra is 1503-1517 and Atkinson supports the same period.
         However, the Bhojpatra inscription by Kirati Chandra gieven to Krishna Raut is of 1505AD. Kirati Chandra donated land to Krishna Raut and Prince Pratap Chandra and Bhiku Gusain are witness of the land donation in Bhojpatra inscription. The inscription clearly suggests that Pratap Chandra got rule only after 1505.
   There is a Bhojpatra inscription of 1511 AD by Bhishma Chandra or Vishnu Chand. Bhishma Chandra provided copper inscription to Krishna Raut for witnessing for donating the land to raut. The inscription writer is same who wrote the inscription of Kirati Chandra. The copper inscription by Bhishma Chandra suggests that Pratap Chandra was no more king  at the time of 1511.
   No other memorable historical records are available from the time of Pratap Chandra. It seems that Pratap Chandra consolidated his Kingdom got from his father Kirati Chandra. It might be correct that Pratap Chandra defended perfectly his kingdom. 
 


Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti -bckukreti@gmail.com 8/10/2013

                                      References

Dr. Shiv Prasad Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas Bhag 10, Kumaon ka Itihas 1000-1790
Badri Datt Pande, 1937, Kumaon ka Itihas, Shri Almora Book Depo Almora
Devidas Kaysth, Itihas Kumaon Pradesh
Katyur ka Itihas, Pundit Ram Datt Tiwari
Oakley and Gairola, Himalayan Folklore
Atkinson, History of District Gazette
Menhadi Husain, Tuglak Dynasty
Malfujat- E Timuri
Tarikh -e-Mubarakshahi vol 4
Kumar Suresh Singh2005, People of India
Justin Marozzi, 2006, Tamerlane: Sword of Islam
Bakshsingh Nijar, 1968, Punjab under Sultans 1000-1526 
The Imperial Gazetteer of India, Volume 13 page 52 
Bhakt Darshan, Gadhwal ki Divangit Vibhutiyan
Mahajan V.D.1991, History of Medieval India
Majumdar R.C. (edited) 2006, The Sultanate
Rizvi, Uttar Taimur Kalin Bharat

(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
   
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -165
History of Kumaon (1000-1790) to be continued….
 Middle Himalayan, Indian Medieval Age History of Chand Dynasty rule in Kumaon to be continued…
  (Middle Himalayan, Indian Medieval Age History (740-1790 AD to be continued…)
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Re: History of Uttarakhand, Kumaon & Garhwal-उत्तराखंड का इतिहास (कुमाऊ & गढ़वाल)
« Reply #168 on: October 09, 2013, 01:12:54 PM »
                   Chand King Bhishma Chandra who was killed by Khasa revolutionists 

             (History of Kumaon from 1000-1790 AD)
         (History of Chand Dynasty Rule in Kumaon)
History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar) - Part 165

                                              By: Bhishma Kukreti

                               Ruling Period of Chand King Bhishma Chandra

        There are differences for ruling period of Bhishma Chandra a Chand king of Medieval Age. However, the logical argument of Dr. Dabral seems to be correct that Bhishma Chandra ruled from 1511-1559 AD. His name was also Vishnu Chandra.
 There are inscriptions of Bhishma Chandra available for 1511, 1512, 1519 and 1533.
 
                              Shelter to Khawaskhan

                    Sher Shah Suri (1486-1545) defeated Mogul King Humaun in 1540 AD. However, when his younger son Islam Shah was crowned in 1545, there were resistances and rebels from the supporter of his elder brother Adilkhan who was denied crown by Sher Shah Suri.
       Islam Khan defeated Adil Shah and Adil Shah ran away from the battle field forever. Islam Khan sent his huge army of 45000 soldiers in the leadership of Ajam Humaun to defeat Khawaskhan the stern supporter of Adil Shah in Sarhind region.  However, Ajam Humaun did conspiracy against Islam Khan and paved way for Khawaskhan and Khawaskhan ran to Katehar via Shivalik hill zones. Khawaskhan resided near Tarai region of Kumaon and started looting Islam Khan Territory that was adjacent to Kumaon and Garhwal Tarai region.
 Khawaskhan reached Ambala to suppress Niyazis the rebellions of Ismail Khan. Niyazi were defeated. Khawaskhan returned to Tarai of Kumaon.  Khawaskhan reached Kumaoni Tarai region from Ambala via Sirmaur, Dehradun, Salan Bhabhar of Garhwal.
            The Champawat Kumaon king provided land as Jagir (land for gaining revenues) to Khawaskhan and also fixed daily allowances.
Delhi Sultan Islam Khan sent his commander Tejkhan Kirani to capture Khawaskhan. Tejkhan sent messages to Khawaskhan but Khawaskhan did not come into trap. Tejkhan Kirani sent messages to Champawat Kumaoni king to hand over Khawaskhan to Sultan.  Champawat Kumauni King answered that he could not hand over the person who was under Champawat shelter. It was just difficult for Sultan army to win Kumaoni king due to hill region.
    Islam Khan sent letter to Khawaskhan and created trust in the mind of Khawaskhan. Khawaskhan started his journey to meet Sultan at Delhi.  Khawaskhan reached Sirsa via Bhabhar Garhwal, Dehradun, Sirmaur. At Sirsa, Tejkhan Kirani killed Khawaskhan and filled straw into dead body of Khawaskhan.

               Disturbance in Doti
                    Doti king family member Hari Sahi married his daughter with Prince Balo Kalyan Chandra. There was some disturbance in Doti and Katyuri king was unable to suppress the disturbance. Bhishma Chandra sent prince e Balo Kalyan Chandra to help Doti King to suppress the disturbances. Prince Balo Kalyan Chandra reached to Doti.
                        Revolt in Champawat Kingdom
  Due to cruel suppression of Kirati Chandra, Pali and Syunara were under Chand kingdom. However, the Khasa people were against Chand King ruling on them
  As soon as Prince Balo Kalyan Chandra reached to doti, the Khasa people of Pali and Syunara revolted against Chand king. Bhishma Chandra reached to Khagmara. Gajua Thinga was leading rebellion people. Gajua Thinga killed Bhishma Chandra and his supporters.
  Balo Kalyan Chandra heard the news and had a confluence with Doti kingdom. Balo Kalyan Chandra reached to Khagmara.  Cruelly, Balo Kalayn Chandra killed Khasa people of Khagmara. People still sing folk song for the sinful cruelty of Balo Kalyan Chandra. 
 By logical means and study of inscriptions, it might be said that Bhishma Chandra was killed in 1559 and Balo Kalyan Chandra got crown in 1559 AD. It seems Bhishma Chandra died at the age of 74.
 Bhishma Chandra had a desire to shift his capital from Champawatkot to Khagmara and he discussed the same with his courtiers.


Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti -bckukreti@gmail.com 9/10/2013
 
                                      References

Dr. Shiv Prasad Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas Bhag 10, Kumaon ka Itihas 1000-1790
Badri Datt Pande, 1937, Kumaon ka Itihas, Shri Almora Book Depo Almora
Devidas Kaysth, Itihas Kumaon Pradesh
Katyur ka Itihas, Pundit Ram Datt Tiwari
Oakley and Gairola, Himalayan Folklore
Atkinson, History of District Gazette
Menhadi Husain, Tuglak Dynasty
Malfujat- E Timuri
Tarikh -e-Mubarakshahi vol 4
Kumar Suresh Singh2005, People of India
Justin Marozzi, 2006, Tamerlane: Sword of Islam
Bakshsingh Nijar, 1968, Punjab under Sultans 1000-1526 
The Imperial Gazetteer of India, Volume 13 page 52 
Bhakt Darshan, Gadhwal ki Divangit Vibhutiyan
Mahajan V.D.1991, History of Medieval India
Majumdar R.C. (edited) 2006, The Sultanate
Rizvi, Uttar Taimur Kalin Bharat
Tarikhe Daudi
Vishweshara nand , Bharat Bharti lekhmala

(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
   
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -166
History of Kumaon (1000-1790) to be continued….
 Middle Himalayan, Indian Medieval Age History of Chand Dynasty rule in Kumaon to be continued…
  (Middle Himalayan, Indian Medieval Age History (740-1790 AD to be continued…)
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Re: History of Uttarakhand, Kumaon & Garhwal-उत्तराखंड का इतिहास (कुमाऊ & गढ़वाल)
« Reply #169 on: October 10, 2013, 11:46:00 AM »
Balo Kalyan Chandra: A Chand king Struggled and captured Gangoli, Sor and Danpur, Kumaon

             (History of Kumaon from 1000-1790 AD)
         (History of Chand Dynasty Rule in Kumaon)
History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar) - Part 166

                                              By: Bhishma Kukreti

                     Ruling or Regime Period of Chand king-Balo Kalyan Chandra

 Ruling period of Chand king Balo Kalyan Chandra is 1559-1565.
His inscriptions are available of 1559.

          Shifting of Capital from Champawatkot to Khagmara, Almora

                   Bhishma Chandra the predecessor of Balo Kalyan Chandra had decided to shift the capital from Champawatkot to Khagmara, Almora. The place was in centre to control the won territories by Chand Kings especially Kirati Chandra. However, Bhishma Chandra could not complete his decision.
             The hill was called Khashiyakhola (the place of Khasa) and Balo Kalyan Chandra established the capital as Alamnagar in this hill. In this hill, Almoda (a medicinal plant) and a bush Kilmoda (a spiky medicinal, flower and fruit plant) were found abundantly. The flowers of these plants were brought daily for rituals at Katarmal temple. This hill was also called Almoda due to growing of Almoda plants.  In inscription the new capital was named as ‘Rajapur’. Alamnagar became part of Almora.
       Almora was at central place of the Chand kingdom. There was abundant availability of wood and building materials for creating capital in the new region.
              The capital was nearby Devalikhan, Tadikhan, Bilolikhan and Chinakhan.  Balo Kalyan Chandra gave ten times more land in Chhakhata to successors of Shri Chand a Gujrati Brahman for land in Syunara. Chand King Balo Kalyan Chandra built his palace at Nail Pokhar in Alamnagar or Almora. King Balo Kalyan Chandra provided land to his family members near his palace. Balo Kalyan Chandra provided land to Joshi families of Champawat too to settle in the capital. However, Chautara Brahmans did not agree for settling in Alamnagar. For many years after Almora being a capital, some administrative works were done in Champawat the old Capital. Champawat was additional capital till 1611.
  There was disappointment among people of Kali Kumaon for shifting the capital. Therefore, balo Kalyan Chandra settled mara, Fadtiyal, Chauthan Brahmins in Almora. Balo Kalyan Chandra also settled the Brahmins, Khasa, Rajput from Bramandal, Pali, Faldakot, etc in the new capital
                                  Capturing Gangoli
         
       Manikoti King Narayan Chandra was ruler of Gangoli at east north of Almora.  Balo Kalyan Chandra attacked Gangoli and Narayan Chandra accepted over rule of Balo Kalyan Chnadra by providing tributes.
 There is copper inscription of Prithvi Chandra available of dated 1610. Prithvi Chandra was succsor of Narayn Chandra. 
 Lakshaman Chandra the successor of Prithvi Chandra freed Gangoli from Chand kingdom in 1620.

                   Capturing Sira and Sor by Balo Kalyan Chandra

   Rattan Chandra captured Sor in 1468 from Katyuri. However, Doti king freed the territory immediately.
 At the time of Balo Kalyan Chandra, his brother in law Raymall Sahi Katyuri was ruler of Katyuri territory of Sor.
 Balo Kalyan Chandra sent his wife to Sor and she asked Sor territory from her brother as dowry for her husband Balo Kalyan Chandra. The Katyuri king Raika Maharaj Raymall Sahi refused to accept the rule of Balo Kalyan Chandra.  Balo Kalyan Chandra attacked on Sor and captured Sor territory.  Balo Kalyan Chandra also attacked on Sira. However, Sira army defeated Balo Kalyan Chandra and he had to flee to Almora.

                             Winning Danpur

  Due to defeat at Sira, the honor of Balo Kalyan Chandra was far below down in the region. Danpur a small kingdom was there at North West of Gangoli. There were many Khasa tribal chieftains in Danpur. Balo Kalyan Chandra attacked the territory. The army of Balo Kalyan Chandra was organized and his army won the territory easily. Balo Kalyan Chandra took all Khasa Thakurai into Chand kingdom.
           
                                Rautela as Thokdars
   
            Rautela families used to support Chand kings for getting opportunities looting the people. Chandra kings used to reward Rautela army men the land Jagir or Thokdari to rule. There were huge chains of Rautela Thokdars under Chand kingdom. This chain of Rautela Thokdars supported Chand kings in extending territories.
       Balo Kalyan Chandra died in 1565 and his son Rudra Chandra was crowned in 1565.
                 History will remember Balo Kalyan Chandra for his struggle to extend Chand kingdom.


Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti -bckukreti@gmail.com 9/10/2013
 
                                      References

Dr. Shiv Prasad Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas Bhag 10, Kumaon ka Itihas 1000-1790
Badri Datt Pande, 1937, Kumaon ka Itihas, Shri Almora Book Depo Almora
Devidas Kaysth, Itihas Kumaon Pradesh
Katyur ka Itihas, Pundit Ram Datt Tiwari
Oakley and Gairola, Himalayan Folklore
Atkinson, History of District Gazette
Menhadi Husain, Tuglak Dynasty
Malfujat- E Timuri
Tarikh -e-Mubarakshahi vol 4
Kumar Suresh Singh2005, People of India
Justin Marozzi, 2006, Tamerlane: Sword of Islam
Bakshsingh Nijar, 1968, Punjab under Sultans 1000-1526 
The Imperial Gazetteer of India, Volume 13 page 52 
Bhakt Darshan, Gadhwal ki Divangit Vibhutiyan
Mahajan V.D.1991, History of Medieval India
Majumdar R.C. (edited) 2006, The Sultanate
Rizvi, Uttar Taimur Kalin Bharat
Tarikhe Daudi
Vishweshara nand , Bharat Bharti lekhmala

(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
   
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -167
History of Kumaon (1000-1790) to be continued….
 Middle Himalayan, Indian Medieval Age History of Chand Dynasty rule in Kumaon to be continued…
  (Middle Himalayan, Indian Medieval Age History (740-1790 AD to be continued…)
Xx
Notes on History of Champawat, Kumaon; History of Sor Kumaon of Middle Age; History of Almora east Kumaon of Middle Age; History of Danpur Kumaon of Middle Age; History of Doti (now in Nepal) Kumaon of Middle Age; History of Nainital Kumaon of Middle Age; History of Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon of Middle Age; History of Khagmara Kumaon of Middle Age; History of Alamnagar Kumaon of Middle Age; History of Almora Kumaon of Middle Age; History of Faldakot Kumaon of Middle Age; History of Baramandal Kumaon of Middle Age; History of Pali Kumaon of Middle Age;  History of Gangoli Kumaon of Middle Age;  History of Ranikhet Kumaon of Middle Age;  History of Didihat Kumaon of Middle Age;  History of Chaukharga Kumaon of Middle Age;  History of  Pithoragarh Kumaon of Middle Age;  History of  Dwarhat Kumaon of Middle Age;     
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