MeraPahad Community Of Uttarakhand Lovers

History of Ajit Chandra: A Kumaon King the victim of Gaida Gardi (Cruel Interfering Rule of Gaida family)

              (History of Kumaon from 1000-1790 AD)

         (History of Chand Dynasty Rule in Kumaon)
History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar) - Part 196

                                              By: Bhishma Kukreti
 Ruling Period of Ajit Chand- 1726-1729
Inscription -1729
Contemporary Rulers
Garhwal King- Pradeip Shah (1717-172)
Delhi Mogul Emperor – 1719-1748

             International fame historian Dr. Dabral states Ajit Singh as Imagery King (Kalpit Chand Naresh).
           Manik Bisht, his son Puranmall and a palace guard Ranjit Singh murdered Kumaon King Devi Chandra in 1727. Devi Chandra died childless.
                         Manik Bisht, his son Puranmall took over power in their hands and started searching a king who can be under them but they could enjoy the real power.  Due to heavy resistance, it was not feasible that Bisht or his son ascend on the crown. Therefore, they started searching a Rautela (Chand family and relative clans). The Katehar King Narpati Singh used to live in Pipli. His wife was daughter of late Kumaon King Gyan Chand.  Narpati Singh and Kumaoni princess had a young son Ajit Singh. Manik Bisht called Ajit Singh in Almora. Bisht and group declared Ajit Singh as King of Kumaon.
           At the time of anointment on crown of Ajit Singh, there held two rituals –coronation and Vratbandh or thread ceremony of Ajit Singh.  Narpati Singh and nineteen Jagirdar (Kings or Thakurs) of Katehar; Anand Singh from Garhwal Kingdom attended the coronation ceremony.
              Ajit Singh lived till 1729. He was leveled the father of a Khavasin (dancer) in 1729. It means that his age would be more than seventeen years. 
                      Gaidagardi

          After crowning Ajit Singh as King, Bisht and family stared completing their job to control the court. Bisht group killed Minister Bhava Nand Joshi of Digoli by sinking him into Saryu River. Bisht group appointed Veerbhadra Joshi as minister in place of Bhava Nand Joshi. Now, on behalf of king, Gaida Bisht group started exploiting the subject so cruelly that the period is called Gaidagardi.  Bisht group called the Brahmins who got donations from earlier Kings. The reversed the earlier orders of land donations.
                  Puranmall had illicit relation with Bijuli a court Khavasin (dancer). She delivered a son from Puranmall. Puranmall and his father Manik declared that the son is from Ajit Singh. Puranmall went to congratulate with gifts to Ajit Singh that King became father. Ajit Singh did not accept the conspiracy of Manik and Puranmall. Manik Bisht and Puranmall became restless that Ajit Singh might revolt in future. In night, Puranmall and his servants entered into Palace and killed Ajit Singh. Bisht group spread the news that Ajit Singh died of paralysis attack.


Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti -bckukreti@gmail.com 24/11/2013
 
                                      References

Dr. Shiv Prasad Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas Bhag 10, Kumaon ka Itihas 1000-1790
Badri Datt Pande, 1937, Kumaon ka Itihas, Shri Almora Book Depo Almora
Devidas Kaysth, Itihas Kumaon Pradesh
Katyur ka Itihas, Pundit Ram Datt Tiwari
Oakley and Gairola, Himalayan Folklore
Atkinson, History of District Gazette
Menhadi Husain, Tuglak Dynasty
Malfujat- E Timuri
Tarikh -e-Mubarakshahi vol 4
Kumar Suresh Singh2005, People of India
Justin Marozzi, 2006, Tamerlane: Sword of Islam
Bakshsingh Nijar, 1968, Punjab under Sultans 1000-1526 
The Imperial Gazetteer of India, Volume 13 page 52 
Bhakt Darshan, Gadhwal ki Divangit Vibhutiyan
Mahajan V.D.1991, History of Medieval India
Majumdar R.C. (edited) 2006, The Sultanate
Rizvi, Uttar Taimur Kalin Bharat
Tarikhe Daudi
Vishweshara nand , Bharat Bharti lekhmala
Aine-e Akbari
Akbari Darbar
Tareekh Badauni
Eraly Abraham, 2004 The Mogul Throne
The Tazuk-i-Jahangiri
Maularam- Gadh Rajvansh Kavya
Ramayan Pradeep
Annatdev’s Smriti-Kaustubh
Sarkar, History of Aurangzeb
Jadunath Sarkar, History of Aurangzeb
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
   
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -197   
History of Kumaon (1000-1790) to be continued….
Himalayan, Indian History of Chand Dynasty rule in Kumaon to be continued…
  (Himalayan, Indian History (740-1790 AD to be continued…)

History of Kumaon King Doti Kalyan Chand: One of the Cruelest Kumaon Kings

              (History of Kumaon from 1000-1790 AD)

         (History of Chand Dynasty Rule in Kumaon)
History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar) - Part 198

                                              By: Bhishma Kukreti

Ruling Period of Kumaon King Doti Kalyan Chandra-1730-1747
Doti Kalyan Chandra ruled till 1747 and died in 1748
Inscriptions – 1731 (six ) ,32,33 (three),34 (Three),35,36,37,40,44,45,46 AD
Contemporary Kingdoms
Garhwal- Pradip Shah
Delhi Mogul King- Muhammad Shah -1719-1748

       It is believed that Doti Kalyan Chandra was successor of Narayan Chand who was exiled from Kumaon long back.
                 The Fadtwal and Mara group brought Kalyan Chand from Doti. They already made understand to Kalyan Chand that Gaida Bisht group is deceptive and harmful to all. People and administration were fed up from suppressive, oppressive methods of Gaida Bisht group led by Manik Bisht and his son Puranmall Bisht.  The oppression and suppression of Bisht is called Gaidagaridi in Kumaon history. Those  brought Kalyan Chand as Kumaon king from Doti they advised Kalyan Chandra to destroy Gaida group.
                    When at the time of crowning of Kalyan Chandra, Manik Bisht and his son Puranmall came to pay tribute to the new King; Kalyan Chandra ordered to capture Manik Bisht and Puranmall Bisht. Newly coroneted King Kalyan Chand ordered to kill both. The soldiers killed Bisht and their family members in the court.
 The wife of Puranmall was pregnant. She was handed over to an old Muslim. She delivered a son and named as Bairishal. At the age of 18, this boy was returned his property snatched by Shivdev Joshi. The orphan disowned king Balo Kalyan Chand was handed over to a Muslim Chobdar and was converted from a Hindu Rajput to Muslim.

                      Killing of Rautelas (relative of Chand king family members)
       Doti Kalyan Chandra was a poor farmer. He got the Kingdom by chance and he never dreamed to be King at all. Doti Kalyan Chand was always conscious that somebody would deceive him and would take the Kingdom from him. The cunning administrative officers took disadvantages of the fear of uneducated, rural oriented, inexperienced in ruling, inexperienced in internal politics of ruling, Kumaon King Doti Kalyan Chandra.  The cunning officers used to tell him false story that somebody is against the king and Doti Kalyan Chand used to punish the so called culprit. The selfish officers told him that Rautelas the relatives of old Chand kings would take over the crown from him. Doti Kalyan Chandra ordered to smash all Rautelas from Kumaon.  The government agencies started killing Rautelas from Kumaon territory.
                     The government agents killed Rautela men –women from Danpur to Bhabhar. Those were not killed they were exiled from the Kingdom.
             The spies used to roam from village to village to find out Rautela.  The person who used to inform about Rautela, the King used to reward the informer. Many people were taking disadvantage of such tactics of the King and were informing the government agencies about their enemies as Rautela.

 Kumaoni People did not oppose the cruel genocide of Rautelas by King Doti Kalyan Chand
                     The Kumaoni people did not oppose the genocide acts against Rautela families by Doti Kalyan Chand. The reason was that when Chand Kings came to power they displaced old local village in charges and appointed cruel Rautela (family members of Chand dynasty). These regional administration heads Rautelas were very cruel and selfish. The old village council chiefs were Katyuri and they were not cruel as Rautelas were. When King Doti Kalyan Chand started destroying Rautelas the subject became glad. 
 Many Rautelas ran away from Kumaon and took shelters under Katehar or Bareli rulers. One of them was Himmat Gusain.


@@ Read more about Cruel King Doti Kalyan Chand in next chapter
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti -bckukreti@gmail.com 26/11/2013
 
                                      References

Dr. Shiv Prasad Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas Bhag 10, Kumaon ka Itihas 1000-1790
Badri Datt Pande, 1937, Kumaon ka Itihas, Shri Almora Book Depo Almora
Devidas Kaysth, Itihas Kumaon Pradesh
Katyur ka Itihas, Pundit Ram Datt Tiwari
Oakley and Gairola, Himalayan Folklore
Atkinson, History of District Gazette
Menhadi Husain, Tuglak Dynasty
Malfujat- E Timuri
Tarikh -e-Mubarakshahi vol 4
Kumar Suresh Singh2005, People of India
Justin Marozzi, 2006, Tamerlane: Sword of Islam
Bakshsingh Nijar, 1968, Punjab under Sultans 1000-1526 
The Imperial Gazetteer of India, Volume 13 page 52 
Bhakt Darshan, Gadhwal ki Divangit Vibhutiyan
Mahajan V.D.1991, History of Medieval India
Majumdar R.C. (edited) 2006, The Sultanate
Rizvi, Uttar Taimur Kalin Bharat
Tarikhe Daudi
Vishweshara nand , Bharat Bharti lekhmala
Aine-e Akbari
Akbari Darbar
Tareekh Badauni
Eraly Abraham, 2004 The Mogul Throne
The Tazuk-i-Jahangiri
Maularam- Gadh Rajvansh Kavya
Ramayan Pradeep
Annatdev’s Smriti-Kaustubh
Sarkar, History of Aurangzeb
Jadunath Sarkar, History of Aurangzeb
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
   
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -199   
History of Kumaon (1000-1790) to be continued….
Himalayan, Indian History of Chand Dynasty rule in Kumaon to be continued…
  (Himalayan, Indian History (740-1790 AD to be continued…)
Xx
Notes on South Asian History of Kumaon King Doti Kalyan Chand: One of the Cruelest Kumaon Kings; South Asian History of Pithoragarh-Kumaon King Doti Kalyan Chand: One of the Cruelest Kumaon Kings; South Asian History of Almora- Kumaon King Doti Kalyan Chand: One of the Cruelest Kumaon Kings; South Asian History of Dwarhat-Kumaon King Doti Kalyan Chand: One of the Cruelest Kumaon Kings; South Asian History of Champawat-Kumaon King Doti Kalyan Chand: One of the Cruelest Kumaon Kings; South Asian History of Nainital-Kumaon King Doti Kalyan Chand: One of the Cruelest Kumaon Kings; South Asian History of Bageshwar-Kumaon King Doti Kalyan Chand: One of the Cruelest Kumaon Kings; South Asian History of Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon King Doti Kalyan Chand: One of the Cruelest Kumaon Kings; South Asian History of Ranikhet-Kumaon King Doti Kalyan Chand: One of the Cruelest Kumaon Kings;  South Asian History of Haldwani-Kumaon King Doti Kalyan Chand: One of the Cruelest Kumaon Kings; South Asian History of Kumaon –a Uttarakhand region King Doti Kalyan Chand: One of the Cruelest Kumaon Kings;  South Asian History of a north Indian region Kumaon King Doti Kalyan Chand: One of the Cruelest Kumaon Kings; 

History of Misrule, Conspiracy, Groups and Mistrust in the Rule of Kumaon King Doti Kalyan Chand


              (History of Kumaon from 1000-1790 AD)
   
         (History of Chand Dynasty Rule in Kumaon)
History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar) - Part 200

                                              By: Bhishma Kukreti
  The historians, people will remember the   Doti Kalyan Chand rule for misrule; mistrust; mismanagement; mean mien by officers and ministers; misanthropy; misapplication of power; misapprehension; misappropriation of court money; mischief behaviors of King and his deceptive supporters; misinformation to the King by conspiracy methods; misjudgment by King; wrong counseling by ministers and Nobel s to the King; misdeeming deeds of King and his ministers; misgiving etc.
                 Since the King Doti Kalyan Chandra did not have any experience of Kingdom politics he was always afraid of conspiracy against him.  Doti Kalyan Chandra was always afraid that his servants would kill him and throw him out of power.
            Doti King created a strong network of spy to find his enemies or who might be his opponent.  The spies did pay less attention on conspiracy against the King but took disadvantages by announcing criminal cases against their own personal enemies , The advisors , officers, spies of King too advantages for settling their own enmities.
                     Taking Out Eyes of Brahmin Group
    There were many Brahmin groups fighting with each other for power in the court of Doti Kalyan Chandra.  One day, Bhavanipati Pande of Bairati , Dwarhat informed (conspiracy) the King that a group of Brahmins and Khasya group had made strategy to kill him (the King) and these groups wanted to crown the prince of Jaipur King (Rajasthan). 
             The King became insane hearing this information. The king Doti Kalyan Chandra ordered to take out eyes from the bodies of those Brahmins and Khasya immediately.  King did not give second thought for his inhuman order.
  The court workers took out eyes of those Brahmins mentioned by Bhavanipati Pande.  Nine iron pans (Kadhai or Bhadola) were filled by the eyes of so called anti King Brahmins. There were only cry of poor Brahmins and blood in that place. The so called anti King Khasya were killed and their dead bodies were thrown into Suval River valley. The vultures and craws were busy for eating the dead bodies. Most of the Brahmins were Pant, Joshi from Jhinjhad.
                  After killing Rautelas and Khashyas and making Brahmins blind; the King though for repent. The King Doti Kalyan Chand built a Mahadev temple in Binsar for repenting his sinful deeds. Frequently, King Doti Kalyan Chandra used to visit Binsar Mahadev temple.



@@ Read more about History of Cruel King Doti Kalyan Chand in next chapter
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti -bckukreti@gmail.com 27/11/2013
 
                                      References

Dr. Shiv Prasad Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas Bhag 10, Kumaon ka Itihas 1000-1790
Badri Datt Pande, 1937, Kumaon ka Itihas, Shri Almora Book Depo Almora
Devidas Kaysth, Itihas Kumaon Pradesh
Katyur ka Itihas, Pundit Ram Datt Tiwari
Oakley and Gairola, Himalayan Folklore
Atkinson, History of District Gazette
Menhadi Husain, Tuglak Dynasty
Malfujat- E Timuri
Tarikh -e-Mubarakshahi vol 4
Kumar Suresh Singh2005, People of India
Justin Marozzi, 2006, Tamerlane: Sword of Islam
Bakshsingh Nijar, 1968, Punjab under Sultans 1000-1526 
The Imperial Gazetteer of India, Volume 13 page 52 
Bhakt Darshan, Gadhwal ki Divangit Vibhutiyan
Mahajan V.D.1991, History of Medieval India
Majumdar R.C. (edited) 2006, The Sultanate
Rizvi, Uttar Taimur Kalin Bharat
Tarikhe Daudi
Vishweshara nand , Bharat Bharti lekhmala
Aine-e Akbari
Akbari Darbar
Tareekh Badauni
Eraly Abraham, 2004 The Mogul Throne
The Tazuk-i-Jahangiri
Maularam- Gadh Rajvansh Kavya
Ramayan Pradeep
Annatdev’s Smriti-Kaustubh
Sarkar, History of Aurangzeb
Jadunath Sarkar, History of Aurangzeb
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
   
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -201   
History of Kumaon (1000-1790) to be continued….
Himalayan, Indian History of Chand Dynasty rule in Kumaon to be continued…
  (Himalayan, Indian History (740-1790 AD to be continued…)
Xx
Notes on History of Misrule, Conspiracy, Groups and Mistrust in the Rule of Kumaon King Doti Kalyan Chand; History of Misrule, Conspiracy, Groups and Mistrust in the Rule of Kumaon (including Pithoragarh ) King Doti Kalyan Chand; History of Misrule, Conspiracy, Groups and Mistrust in the Rule of Kumaon (including Dwarhat) King Doti Kalyan Chand; History of Misrule, Conspiracy, Groups and Mistrust in the Rule of Kumaon (including Bageshwar) King Doti Kalyan Chand; History of Misrule, Conspiracy, Groups and Mistrust in the Rule of Kumaon (including Champawat ) King Doti Kalyan Chand; History of Misrule, Conspiracy, Groups and Mistrust in the Rule of Kumaon (including Almora) King Doti Kalyan Chand; History of Misrule, Conspiracy, Groups and Mistrust in the Rule of Kumaon (including Nainital) King Doti Kalyan Chand; History of Misrule, Conspiracy, Groups and Mistrust in the Rule of Kumaon (including Udham Singh Nagar ) King Doti Kalyan Chand; History of Misrule, Conspiracy, Groups and Mistrust in the Rule of Kumaon,  Uttarakhand King Doti Kalyan Chand; History of Misrule, Conspiracy, Groups and Mistrust in the Rule of Kumaon,  Central Himalaya King Doti Kalyan Chand; History of Misrule, Conspiracy, Groups and Mistrust in the Rule of Kumaon, North India  King Doti Kalyan Chand; History of Misrule, Conspiracy, Groups and Mistrust in the Rule of Kumaon,  South Asia King Doti Kalyan Chand;

              History accounts of Attack of Ali Muhammad Khan on Kumaon Kingdom

              (History of Kumaon from 1000-1790 AD)
   
         (History of Chand Dynasty Rule in Kumaon)
History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar) - Part 202

                                              By: Bhishma Kukreti

                  Brief about Rise of Ali Muhammad Khan

  Ali Mohammad khan was a Jat Muslim. However, the regional commander of Moradabad Daud Khan adopted   Al Muhammad Khan and Ali Muhammad Khan was counted as Rohila (Afghan decedent). Ali Mohammad khan left the service of Moradabad ruler and captured a territory near Chandausi. Within shortest period, Ali Mohammad Khan captured the pert of territories of Moradabad, Sambhal, Shahabad, and Shahjahanpur. Ali Muhammad Khan started paying tribute to minister of Delhi Mogul Emperor.
                      Through looted wealth, by 1742, he had huge army of thirty forty thousand Afghan soldiers. Now, Ali Muhammad Khan wanted to become Badshah as  Shershah Suri and Salim Shah the Afghan decedents. He planned to capture Awadh in east, Pathan rule in south and Kumaon in north. It was not easy to capture east and south and in west to attack on Delhi Mogul rule.  He first decided to attack on Kumaon in north as Kumaon kingdom was weak due to internal infighting problems. With the cause of killing of his father Daud Khan long back by Kumaon King and Himmat Gusain in his camp by spies of Doti Kalyan Chandra, Ali Mohammad Khan decided to attack on Kumaon.

                      Strategies for   Attacking on Kumaon by Ali Muhammad Khan 
   Ali Muhammad Khan took necessary steps for winning Kumaon hills. First he strengthened the war needs in Tarai of Kumaon that was captured by him.  Ali Mohammad khan collected necessary weapons and ammunitions for war in Kashipur (Kumaon). He well arranged transportation medium for those weapons to hills of Kumaon.  Ali Muhammad Khan appointed three generals Hafiz Rahmat Khan, Paidakhan and Bakshi Sardar Khan for Kumaon campaign. There were ten thousand Afghan soldiers under each general.  Muhammad Khan had strict instruction that no civilian would travel with the army.
         Rohila army was fearful from numbers of point of view. However, the Rohila army became stronger due to army management style too.  Every soldier of any brigade had a gun. At least for a hundred soldiers there was a supervisor. Each battalion of hundred soldiers or ten soldiers would have specific flag and the flag keeper would march in before the line of each battalion. The army was divided into small infantries. The micro level divisions were positive points to run such huge army. There were arrangements to motivate the soldiers.  The army was expert in flanking and guerilla wars. The army could attack collectively or attack individually as per need.  On that period, the army of Ali Mohammed Khan was controlled scientifically and motivated psychologically.

                    Ignorance and Sluggishness in Kumaon court
        The Kota -Bhabhar deputy in charge Ram Datt Adhikari sent message to Kumaon King Doti Kalyan Chandra about the preparation of Rohila army for attack on Kumaon. The Kota –Bhabhar in charge Shiv Datt Joshi sent message for money that because of money the attack of Rohila would be stopped. On that time it was custom and was easy to corrupt the enemy soldiers by tributes.  The selfish minister advised to the King that Shiv Datt Joshi was asking money for his own. Fadtyal group cut a few trees and destroyed a couple of bridges to stop future march by Rohila army.
          The selfish advisors and King did not pay attention on the messages of Shiv Datt Joshi and Ram Datt Adhikari.  Due to groups in the court no needed actions were taken to stop Rohila campaigns.


***  Read more about capturing of Kumaon kingdom by Ali Muhammad Khan in next chapter -203

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti -bckukreti@gmail.com 30/11/2013
 
                                      References

Dr. Shiv Prasad Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas Bhag 10, Kumaon ka Itihas 1000-1790
Badri Datt Pande, 1937, Kumaon ka Itihas, Shri Almora Book Depo Almora
Devidas Kaysth, Itihas Kumaon Pradesh
Katyur ka Itihas, Pundit Ram Datt Tiwari
Oakley and Gairola, Himalayan Folklore
Atkinson, History of District Gazette
Menhadi Husain, Tuglak Dynasty
Malfujat- E Timuri
Tarikh -e-Mubarakshahi vol 4
Kumar Suresh Singh2005, People of India
Justin Marozzi, 2006, Tamerlane: Sword of Islam
Bakshsingh Nijar, 1968, Punjab under Sultans 1000-1526 
The Imperial Gazetteer of India, Volume 13 page 52 
Bhakt Darshan, Gadhwal ki Divangit Vibhutiyan
Mahajan V.D.1991, History of Medieval India
Majumdar R.C. (edited) 2006, The Sultanate
Rizvi, Uttar Taimur Kalin Bharat
Tarikhe Daudi
Vishweshara nand , Bharat Bharti lekhmala
Aine-e Akbari
Akbari Darbar
Tareekh Badauni
Eraly Abraham, 2004 The Mogul Throne
The Tazuk-i-Jahangiri
Maularam- Gadh Rajvansh Kavya
Ramayan Pradeep
Annatdev’s Smriti-Kaustubh
Sarkar, History of Aurangzeb
Jadunath Sarkar, History of Aurangzeb
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
   
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -203   
History of Kumaon (1000-1790) to be continued….
Himalayan, Indian History of Chand Dynasty rule in Kumaon to be continued…
  (Himalayan, Indian History (740-1790 AD to be continued…)

Creating History by Help from Garhwal King to Kumaon King to Fight with Outsider Attacker
 
                   (History of Kumaon from 1000-1790 AD)
   
         (History of Chand Dynasty Rule in Kumaon)
History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar) - Part 204

                                              By: Bhishma Kukreti

                    In the past, Garhwal King and Kumaon King used to fight with each other and they used to please outside (Mogul Badshah) to down each other.
 However, when around 1743, Rohila Chieftain Ali Muhammad Khan captured Kumaon and also send message to attack on Garhwal, the Garhwal king came out to help his traditional enemy. Garhwal King Pradip Shah provided honorable shelter to Kumaon King Badhangadhi , Garhwal.
         Kumaon King Doti Kalyan Chandra restructured and recollected his army. Garhwal King reached to Badhangadhi with his 30000 armed forces (as per record in Tehri riyasat). Both the Kings started marching towards Almora. Both the Kings marched through Gairsain, Mehalchauri, Lobhagadhi (Garhwal. The Garhwal-Kumaon Kings did not get any resistance from Rohila in Mahargaon, Badaiti and Dwarhat of Kumaon territory.  Both the Kings captured on Doonagiri and Dwarhat. 
               From Doonagiri Garhwal and Kumaon armies marched towards Kaindari and Borari where Rohila army had camped.
        It seems that there was fierce battle between Garhwal-Kumaon army and Rohila army near Dunagiri and twenty miles away from Almora. Beten informed that both kingdom army stopped Rohilas in Ghirmundi.
          The Tehri riyasat record states that Nagarkotiya soldiers of Guldar Fatevdaru and slidiers from plains were also there in Garhwal Kingdom army. Record states that Pradip Shah reached on Dungri hill with Kumaon king in December 1743.
 The folklore say that Garhwal army commander fought with bravery.
 However, Rohila army defeated collective army of Garhwal and Kumaon Kingdoms.

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti -bckukreti@gmail.com 2/12/2013
 
                                      References

Dr. Shiv Prasad Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas Bhag 10, Kumaon ka Itihas 1000-1790
Badri Datt Pande, 1937, Kumaon ka Itihas, Shri Almora Book Depo Almora
Devidas Kaysth, Itihas Kumaon Pradesh
Katyur ka Itihas, Pundit Ram Datt Tiwari
Oakley and Gairola, Himalayan Folklore
Atkinson, History of District Gazette
Menhadi Husain, Tuglak Dynasty
Malfujat- E Timuri
Tarikh -e-Mubarakshahi vol 4
Kumar Suresh Singh2005, People of India
Justin Marozzi, 2006, Tamerlane: Sword of Islam
Bakshsingh Nijar, 1968, Punjab under Sultans 1000-1526 
The Imperial Gazetteer of India, Volume 13 page 52 
Bhakt Darshan, Gadhwal ki Divangit Vibhutiyan
Mahajan V.D.1991, History of Medieval India
Majumdar R.C. (edited) 2006, The Sultanate
Rizvi, Uttar Taimur Kalin Bharat
Tarikhe Daudi
Vishweshara nand , Bharat Bharti lekhmala
Aine-e Akbari
Akbari Darbar
Tareekh Badauni
Eraly Abraham, 2004 The Mogul Throne
The Tazuk-i-Jahangiri
Maularam- Gadh Rajvansh Kavya
Ramayan Pradeep
Annatdev’s Smriti-Kaustubh
Sarkar, History of Aurangzeb
Jadunath Sarkar, History of Aurangzeb
Sarkar, fall of Mogul Empire
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
   
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -205   
History of Kumaon (1000-1790) to be continued….
Himalayan, Indian History of Chand Dynasty rule in Kumaon to be continued…
  (Himalayan, Indian History (740-1790 AD to be continued…)
Xx
Notes on History of Kumaon; History of Pithoragarh Kumaon; History of Champawat Kumaon; History of Bageshwar, Kumaon; History of Mahargaon, Kumaon; History of  Chaukhitiya, Kumaon; History of badaiti, Kumaon; History of Dwarhat, Kumaon; History of Doonagiri, Kumaon; History of Kaindari, Kumaon; History of Borari ,Kumaon; History of Ghirmundi, Kumaon; History of Dungari hill, Kumaon; History of Almora, Kumaon; History of Nainital, Kumaon; History of Udham Singh Nagar, Kumaon; History of Kashipur, Kumaon; History of Rudrapur, Kumaon;