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 History of Administration of Shiv Datt Joshi the Mentor, Prime Minister of Kumaon King Deep Chandra

                   (History of Kumaon from 1000-1790 AD)
   
         (History of Chand Dynasty Rule in Kumaon)
History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar) - Part 216

                                              By: Bhishma Kukreti


                         Shiv Datt Joshi had experience of working with Kumaon King Doti Kalyan Chandra and his son deep Chand.

                               Friendly Treaty with Nazibuddaula
                Rohila ruler Nazib Khan made disturbance in Kumaon Bhabhar. However, before, 3rd battle of Panipat, Shiv Datt Joshi and Nazib came together for a friendly treaty.  Nazib had go for battle to take side of Ahmad Abdali.  Kumaon Prime minster sent his son Harsh Dev Joshi with five hundred soldiers to Patthar Garh fort (Nazibabad) of Nazib for protection of family members of Nazib and his wealth.
            Harsh Dev Joshi was there in Patthar Garh till Nazib returned from Panipat battle. Therefore, Maratha could not harm fort of Nazib.
       Shiv Datt Joshi promised Nazib Khan that Kumaon kingdom would provide shelter in case of Maratha wins in Panipat battle.

                      Conflicts among Joshi

  Hari ram Joshi returned from Panipat battle. After his return, the conflict between him and Shiv Datt Joshi started as in past.
  Initially Jay Krishna Joshi the son of Shiv Datt Joshi and Jay Ram the son of Hari Ram Joshi fought with weapons. Later on there had been seven fights took place between Shiv Datt Joshi and Hari Ram Joshi. The seventh fight took place at Bans ki Sera at the confluence of Gagas River and Doasandhgad, Jay Ram was killed with his 1500 soldiers.  Hari ram came to meet Shiv Datt Joshi. Rahmat Khan Rohila arbitrated between Shiv Datt Joshi and Hari ram Joshi. Hari ram Joshi had to promise in writing that he would obey Shiv Datt Joshi.   

                           Suppression of Fadtyal Group
                      After suppression of revolt from Hari ram Joshi family, the trouble started from Fadtyal group of Kali Kumaon for Shiv Datt Joshi. A local old village chief Raymall of Chauki village sent a letter to his friend in Kashipur. Raymall promised to his friend that in case he was ready to conspire against Shiv Datt Joshi, the Fadtyal group of Kali Kumaon would help. Shiv Datt got the letter.
   Shiv Datt reached to Almora to suppress Fadtyal group revolt. There, Shiv Datt Joshi came to know that Joshi of Danya are also playing role in another conspiracy. Shiv Datt Joshi caught the rebellion group leaders (Joshi from Danya).  Shiv Datt Joshi wanted to terrorize his enemies. He put the rebellions into rags and threw them alive into Saryu River at Balighat. Many other people became enemy of Shiv Datt Joshi by that inhuman punishment.
           Shiv Datt Joshi repented his acts and pardons other prisoners. He returned their lands. Raymall ran to Doti. The King awarded Shiv Datt Joshi lands and gifts and titles.

                        Murder of Shiv Datt Joshi
       Shiv Datt Joshi got information that Nagarkotiya and contractual soldiers are involved in movement for increasing their salaries. Fadtyal group insinuated these soldiers for asking more salaried.
    Shiv Datt Joshi rushed to Kashipur.  Shiv Datt Joshi called the soldiers and their leaders for meeting. However, before the meeting, other soldiers killed Shiv Datt Joshi, his two sons Jay dev Joshi and Hari Nidhi Joshi. His third son Harsh Dev Joshi escaped from the incident place.
              The soldiers looted the wealth, titles, inscriptions and other records of late Shiv Datt Joshi 

  Since from the time of Doti Kalyan Chandra, there were disturbances in Kumaon Kingdom it was necessary for Shiv Datt Joshi to take hard and harsh decisions. Many administrators were unhappy over those decisions and wanted to take revenge against Shiv Datt Joshi. Shiv Datt Joshi protected Kumaon by his war management skill and diplomatic skills. However, the rebellions killed Shiv Datt Joshi on 11th December 1764 in Kashipur. Hari Ram Joshi also died after some time. From that day, Tarai-Bhabhar was separated from Kumaon.
              The death of Shiv Datt Joshi also was the beginning of ending of Chand dynasty from Kumaon forever.
 After the death of Shiv Datt Joshi, Kumaon witnessed fierce inner fights among administrators and selfish people.
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti -bckukreti@gmail.com 13/12/2013
 
                                      References

Dr. Shiv Prasad Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas Bhag 10, Kumaon ka Itihas 1000-1790
Badri Datt Pande, 1937, Kumaon ka Itihas, Shri Almora Book Depo Almora
Devidas Kaysth, Itihas Kumaon Pradesh
Katyur ka Itihas, Pundit Ram Datt Tiwari
Oakley and Gairola, Himalayan Folklore
Atkinson, History of District Gazette
Menhadi Husain, Tuglak Dynasty
Malfujat- E Timuri
Tarikh -e-Mubarakshahi vol 4
Kumar Suresh Singh2005, People of India
Justin Marozzi, 2006, Tamerlane: Sword of Islam
Bakshsingh Nijar, 1968, Punjab under Sultans 1000-1526 
The Imperial Gazetteer of India, Volume 13 page 52 
Bhakt Darshan, Gadhwal ki Divangit Vibhutiyan
Mahajan V.D.1991, History of Medieval India
Majumdar R.C. (edited) 2006, The Sultanate
Rizvi, Uttar Taimur Kalin Bharat
Tarikhe Daudi
Vishweshara nand , Bharat Bharti lekhmala
Aine-e Akbari
Akbari Darbar
Tareekh Badauni
Eraly Abraham, 2004 The Mogul Throne
The Tazuk-i-Jahangiri
Maularam- Gadh Rajvansh Kavya
Ramayan Pradeep
Annatdev’s Smriti-Kaustubh
Sarkar, History of Aurangzeb
Jadunath Sarkar, History of Aurangzeb
Sarkar, fall of Mogul Empire
Sailendra Nath Sen, 2010, An Advanced History of Modern India
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
   
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -217   
History of Kumaon (1000-1790) to be continued….
Himalayan, Indian History of Chand Dynasty rule in Kumaon to be continued…
  (Himalayan, Indian History (740-1790 AD to be continued…)
Xx
Notes on History of Administration of Shiv Datt Joshi the Mentor, Prime Minister of Kumaon King Deep Chandra; History of Administration of Shiv Datt Joshi the Mentor, Prime Minister of Pithoragarh Kumaon King Deep Chandra; History of Administration of Shiv Datt Joshi the Mentor, Prime Minister of Bageshwar Kumaon King Deep Chandra; History of Administration of Shiv Datt Joshi the Mentor, Prime Minister of Champawat Kumaon King Deep Chandra; History of Administration of Shiv Datt Joshi the Mentor, Prime Minister of Almora Kumaon King Deep Chandra;  History of Administration of Shiv Datt Joshi the Mentor, Prime Minister of Dwarhat Kumaon King Deep Chandra; History of Administration of Shiv Datt Joshi the Mentor, Prime Minister of Nainital Kumaon King Deep Chandra; History of Administration of Shiv Datt Joshi the Mentor, Prime Minister of Kashipur Kumaon King Deep Chandra; History of Administration of Shiv Datt Joshi the Mentor, Prime Minister of Jaspur Kumaon King Deep Chandra; History of Administration of Shiv Datt Joshi the Mentor, Prime Minister of Tanakpur Kumaon King Deep Chandra; History of Administration of Shiv Datt Joshi the Mentor, Prime Minister of Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon King Deep Chandra;               

       History of Initial Stage of Fall of Chand Dynasty in Kumaon Kingdom

                   (History of Kumaon from 1000-1790 AD)
   
         (History of Chand Dynasty Rule in Kumaon)
History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar) - Part 218

                                              By: Bhishma Kukreti

                       Resurgence of Joshi in Almora

                Mohan Singh became whole and sole of Kumaon Kingdom after killing queen Shringarmajari with the help of a Rohila commander Dundikhan.  Hafiz Rahmat Khan was not pleased to see downfall of his fried King deep Chandra. Rahmat Khan called the sons of Shiv Datt Joshi and asked them to try to regain power.
                  The chief minister Kishan Singh was in exile. He helped Joshi brothers.  Joshi brothers appointed professional soldiers (whose earning was dependent on providing army service to anybody).  Joshi brothers attacked on Kumaon with their newly collected army. Joshi brothers defeated Mohan Singh and Mohan Singh ran away. Shiromani Das of Bajpur helped Joshi brothers.
     Deep Chand was pleased by the new situation. Deep Chand wanted to appoint Jayakrishna as Deewan and Harshdev Joshi as Bakshi of Kumaon Kingdom and Kishan Singh as Mukhtyar. However, Jayakrishna was not ready to work under Kishan Singh.  Kishan Singh was ‘Chukundaru’ brother of deep Chand.
Therefore, deep Chandra appointed the following administrators as-
Harsh Dev Joshi- Deewan and Bakshi
Kishan Singh –Mukhtyar
Chupwa Bisht –Nayab
Lakshmipati Joshi –Nayab
Hakim of Kashipur- Shiromani Das
Manorath Joshi (son of Hari ram Joshi) –Rudrapur in carge
 The King awarded Shiromani das with eight villages and land of Mohan Singh.
 The new administrators corrected the administration. Shiromani Das died and his son Nand Ram was appointed as Hakim of Kashipur. Nandram and his brother Hargovind were ambcious. On that period, most of administrators became over ambitious to collect wealth and rewards.
   Nandram and Hargovind called professional soldiers from Nagarkot, Kangda Himachalpradesh.on that time professional solders used to roam here and there as labor roams today in search of job.
     Many influential people were unhappy over the behavior of Kishan Singh. Mohan Singh was in Awadh under the shelter of Awadh Nabab. He sent message to Joshi brothers through Awadh Nabab for permission to come to Almora. Harshdev Joshi denied permission for Mohan Singh entering in Kumaon diplomatically. However, Jaykrishna permitted Mohan Singh to come Almora.

               Mohan Singh in Almora
 
 Mohan Singh met Nandram in Kashipur while coming from Awadh to Almora. Mohan Singh promised to Nand Ram that after becoming the Kumaon King Mohan Singh Would provide Nand Ram the rule of Bhabhar –Tarai as sovereign country.
  Mohan Singh took administration as soon as he reached to Almora. Joshi brother were under him and Mohan Singh showed that he was well wisher of Joshi brothers.
    One day, before Mohan Singh, it was discussed that since Nand Ram was trying to become free ruler of Tarai-Bhabhar the Kingdom should bring the rule under Kumaon Kingdom from Nandram. Mohan Singh showed pleasure on that planning. However, Mohan Singh sent secret message to Nand Ram about attack from Kumaon Kingdom on him.
  Jaykrishna Joshi marched towards Tarai-Bhabhar with force to capture Tarai-Bhabhar. When Jaykrishna reached to Halduva in Bhabhar the army of Nandram was there to fight. Nandram’s army defeated the army of Jayakrishna. The army of Nandram killed Kishan Singh too.
Jaykrishna fled to Bareli
  Harshdev Joshi fled to Pali. Now, the King Deep Chand was totally helpless.

              Murder of Deep Chand 
   Mohan Singh caught Deep Chand and his sons Uday Chandra and Sujan Singh Gusain. Mohan Singh sent them in Seerakot prison. In 1777, Mohan Singh killed them in prison through indirect method or directly.



Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti -bckukreti@gmail.com 16/12/2013
 
                                      References

Dr. Shiv Prasad Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas Bhag 10, Kumaon ka Itihas 1000-1790
Badri Datt Pande, 1937, Kumaon ka Itihas, Shri Almora Book Depo Almora
Devidas Kaysth, Itihas Kumaon Pradesh
Katyur ka Itihas, Pundit Ram Datt Tiwari
Oakley and Gairola, Himalayan Folklore
Atkinson, History of District Gazette
Menhadi Husain, Tuglak Dynasty
Malfujat- E Timuri
Tarikh -e-Mubarakshahi vol 4
Kumar Suresh Singh2005, People of India
Justin Marozzi, 2006, Tamerlane: Sword of Islam
Bakshsingh Nijar, 1968, Punjab under Sultans 1000-1526 
The Imperial Gazetteer of India, Volume 13 page 52 
Bhakt Darshan, Gadhwal ki Divangit Vibhutiyan
Mahajan V.D.1991, History of Medieval India
Majumdar R.C. (edited) 2006, The Sultanate
Rizvi, Uttar Taimur Kalin Bharat
Tarikhe Daudi
Vishweshara nand , Bharat Bharti lekhmala
Aine-e Akbari
Akbari Darbar
Tareekh Badauni
Eraly Abraham, 2004 The Mogul Throne
The Tazuk-i-Jahangiri
Maularam- Gadh Rajvansh Kavya
Ramayan Pradeep
Annatdev’s Smriti-Kaustubh
Sarkar, History of Aurangzeb
Jadunath Sarkar, History of Aurangzeb
Sarkar, fall of Mogul Empire
Sailendra Nath Sen, 2010, An Advanced History of Modern India
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
   
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -219   
History of Kumaon (1000-1790) to be continued….
Himalayan, Indian History of Chand Dynasty rule in Kumaon to be continued…
  (Himalayan, Indian History (740-1790 AD to be continued…)
Xx
Notes on History of Rise and fall of Chand Kingdom in Kumaon; History of Rise and fall of Chand Kingdom in Pithoragarh Kumaon; History of Rise and fall of Chand Kingdom in Champawat Kumaon; History of Rise and fall of Chand Kingdom in Bageshwar Kumaon; History of Rise and fall of Chand Kingdom in Almora Kumaon; History of Rise and fall of Chand Kingdom in Nainital Kumaon; History of Rise and fall of Chand Kingdom in Ranikhet Kumaon; History of Rise and fall of Chand Kingdom in Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon; History of Rise and fall of Chand Kingdom in Kumaon, central Himalaya; History of Rise and fall of Chand Kingdom in Kumaon, Himalaya; History of Rise and fall of Chand Kingdom in Kumaon, north India; History of Rise and fall of Chand Kingdom in Kumaon, South Asia;

History of Cruel Acts of Kumaon King Mohan Chandra and Harsh Dev Joshi becoming Active 

                   (History of Kumaon from 1000-1790 AD)
   
         (History of Chand Dynasty Rule in Kumaon)
History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar) - Part 220

                                              By: Bhishma Kukreti

         Donations by Mohan Chandra

 Mohan Chandra donated land for following temples
Land for Jageshwar temple
Another land for Jageshwar temple
Land for Seetladevi temple
To Radhapati Bhandari
To Hussainbaksh family
Land for Patalbhuvneshwari , Gangoli
 1778
Land to Nagnath temple Champawat
Land for Kapileshwar temple Dug
Land for Kalika temple, Gangoli
Land for Bhatneshwar temple

      Killing of Opponents by Mohan Chandra
              According to Pande, a few elites from Kumaon brought Kunvar Jodh Singh Katehar (son in law of late King Deep Chand) of Amarpur with his son Shubhkarn Singh. However, advised by Mohan Chandra, Nand Ram did not help Kunvar Jodh Singh Katehar and Jodh Singh returned back to Amarpur.
            B.D. Pande also writes that another group from Kumaon inspired Shekh and they attacked on Kumaon through Vanani Devi. Army of Mohan Chandra defeated those Shekh soldiers in a hill Gadhi above Vakh.
    Mohan Chandra killed or put the supporters and relatives of Shiv Datt Joshi. Lakshmipati Joshi the assistant of Harsh Dev Joshi was coming to pay tribute to court of new King Mohan Chand.  Laksmi Pati Joshi was hanged on a cedar tree near Almora. Many Joshi families fled from Kumaon to other parts of plains. Harsh Dev Joshi fled to Bareli from Kumaon prison. Jaya Nand Joshi with other Joshis also ran to Bareli.

          Joshis getting Active in Bareli

          Joshi families were gathered in Bareli. They did not have any work for earning. They came to know that army of Garhwal King Lalit Shah was defeated by Sirmaur (Himachal) army in Sirmaur.
   Joshi made a strategy to involve Garhwal King into internal politics of Kumaon.
           Harsh Dev Joshi wrote letter to Garhwal King Lalit Shah,” We are capable to win Champawat (Kumaon Kingdom) and Sirmaur Kingdom for you. Since, you did not involve the ministers and citizens of Sirmaur for your attack, you could not win Sirmaur.
  We all Joshi are now in Bareli. After winning Kumaon, we shall win Nahan (Sirmaur) for you. Your three sons would be King of Garhwal, Kumaon and Nahan (Sirmaur) respectively.
          Lalit Shah forgot the history of past about Joshi inviting his grandfather Pradip Shah to attack on Kumaon and a bitter insult for Pradip Shah.

   Lalit Shah wrote back to Harsh Dev Joshi to visit Shrinagar immediately.



** Read more on Garhwal King attacking on Kumaon Kingdom in next chapter of History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar) - Part 221

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti -bckukreti@gmail.com 18/12/2013
 
                                      References

Dr. Shiv Prasad Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas Bhag 10, Kumaon ka Itihas 1000-1790
Badri Datt Pande, 1937, Kumaon ka Itihas, Shri Almora Book Depo Almora
Devidas Kaysth, Itihas Kumaon Pradesh
Katyur ka Itihas, Pundit Ram Datt Tiwari
Oakley and Gairola, Himalayan Folklore
Atkinson, History of District Gazette
Menhadi Husain, Tuglak Dynasty
Malfujat- E Timuri
Tarikh -e-Mubarakshahi vol 4
Kumar Suresh Singh2005, People of India
Justin Marozzi, 2006, Tamerlane: Sword of Islam
Bakshsingh Nijar, 1968, Punjab under Sultans 1000-1526 
The Imperial Gazetteer of India, Volume 13 page 52 
Bhakt Darshan, Gadhwal ki Divangit Vibhutiyan
Mahajan V.D.1991, History of Medieval India
Majumdar R.C. (edited) 2006, The Sultanate
Rizvi, Uttar Taimur Kalin Bharat
Tarikhe Daudi
Vishweshara nand , Bharat Bharti lekhmala
Aine-e Akbari
Akbari Darbar
Tareekh Badauni
Eraly Abraham, 2004 The Mogul Throne
The Tazuk-i-Jahangiri
Maularam- Gadh Rajvansh Kavya
Ramayan Pradeep
Annatdev’s Smriti-Kaustubh
Sarkar, History of Aurangzeb
Jadunath Sarkar, History of Aurangzeb
Sarkar, fall of Mogul Empire
Sailendra Nath Sen, 2010, An Advanced History of Modern India
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
   
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -221   
History of Kumaon (1000-1790) to be continued….
Himalayan, Indian History of Chand Dynasty rule in Kumaon to be continued…
  (Himalayan, Indian History (740-1790 AD to be continued…)
Xx
History of Cruel Acts of Pithoragarh -Kumaon King Mohan Chandra and Harsh Dev Joshi becoming Active; History of Cruel Acts of Seera -Kumaon King Mohan Chandra and Harsh Dev Joshi becoming Active; History of Cruel Acts of Almora-Kumaon King Mohan Chandra and Harsh Dev Joshi becoming Active; History of Cruel Acts of Bageshwar -Kumaon King Mohan Chandra and Harsh Dev Joshi becoming Active; History of Cruel Acts of Gangoli-Kumaon King Mohan Chandra and Harsh Dev Joshi becoming Active; History of Cruel Acts of Jageshwar-Kumaon King Mohan Chandra and Harsh Dev Joshi becoming Active; History of Cruel Acts of Vananidevi -Kumaon King Mohan Chandra and Harsh Dev Joshi becoming Active; History of Cruel Acts of Nainital-Kumaon King Mohan Chandra and Harsh Dev Joshi becoming Active; History of Cruel Acts of Dwarhat -Kumaon King Mohan Chandra and Harsh Dev Joshi becoming Active;

                   History of Pradyuman Shah as Kumaon King

          (History of Kumaon from 1000-1790 AD)
   
                     (History of Panwar Dynasty Rule in Kumaon)
History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar) - Part 222

                                              By: Bhishma Kukreti

         Pradyuman Shah-  Ruling Period – 1779-1786
Contemporary King
Garhwal -Jaykrit Shah -1780-1786
       Before, the Garhwal army attack on Kumaon, Pradyuman Shah was coroneted the King of Kumaon in Shrinagar Garhwal as adopted son of late Kumaon King deep Chandra.
  Joshi family and their supporters rules Kumaon on behalf of Pradyuman for one year. Pradyuman Shah was only thirteen years old and he was very soft by body and by nature too.
       Kumaon Bajir or whole and sole of Kumaon Harsh Devi sent many messages to Garhwal King Lalit Shah to depute Pradyuman Chandra to Almora.
             Garhwal King Lalit Shah had experience of Kumaon Kingdom where kings were killed by their own administrators or relatives in past. Lalit Shah wanted to correct the situation himself in Almora before deputing Pradyuman. Lalit Shah wrote to Joshis that first he wanted to experience the real situation. Joshis wrote back that Lalit Shah should not worry and should depute only Pradyuman Shah.
  However, Lalit Shah was not satisfied the reply from Joshis. Garhwal King reached to Khetsari in Kumaon with huge army. Joshis became afraid and Harsh Dev Joshi fled away from Almora. Jaya Nand Joshi met the Garhwal King. Jaya Nand Joshi informed that people of Kumaon fled away from the area due to fear of Garhwal King. Jaya Nand suggested Garhwal King Lalit Shah that he should go back to Duladi (towards Garhwal and back away from Khetsari). Lalit Shah agreed the advice of jaya Nand Joshi and camped at Duladi.
                  Lalit Shah was there in Duladi for seven months but Harsh Dev Joshi did not come to meet Lalit Shah. Lalit Shah wanted to meet Harsh dev Joshi for future assurance for protection of his son Pradyuman. Lalit Shah sent many letters to Harsh Dev Joshi. Harsh Dev Joshi did neither send the reply not he paid visit to Garhwal king.
   Jaya Nand Joshi and Lalit Shah used to show cordial relation for each other but both were playing games with each other. No side trusted the other side. Lalit Shah wanted that Pradyuman should administrate Kumaon Kingdom but Jaya Nand Joshi had plan that Pradyuman would be king but real administrations should be in the hand of Joshis. Harsh dev Joshi sent message for Garhwal king to return and send Pradyuman Shah. Lalit Shah wanted to meet Harsh dev Shah.
       One day, Harsh Dev Joshi came to meet Lalit Shah with army. He entered to camp of King and suddenly went away from his camp without discussion.
             The Garhwal King paid huge money to Joshi to buy army and support. Now, Harsh Dev Joshi and other Joshi were showing their intention. Now, Joshi were ignoring Garhwal King.
  Lalit Shah got malaria in Duladi. In August 1780, Lalit Shah died. Garhwali soldiers brought the dead body of Lalit Shah to Shrinagar Garhwal.
           Lalit Shah could not send his son Pradyuman Shah to Almora. However, his greed for taking Kumaon Kingdom generated group enmities and divisions among Garhwal Kingdom administrators.


Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti -bckukreti@gmail.com 20/12/2013
 
                                      References

Dr. Shiv Prasad Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas Bhag 10, Kumaon ka Itihas 1000-1790
Badri Datt Pande, 1937, Kumaon ka Itihas, Shri Almora Book Depo Almora
Devidas Kaysth, Itihas Kumaon Pradesh
Katyur ka Itihas, Pundit Ram Datt Tiwari
Oakley and Gairola, Himalayan Folklore
Atkinson, History of District Gazette
Menhadi Husain, Tuglak Dynasty
Malfujat- E Timuri
Tarikh -e-Mubarakshahi vol 4
Kumar Suresh Singh2005, People of India
Justin Marozzi, 2006, Tamerlane: Sword of Islam
Bakshsingh Nijar, 1968, Punjab under Sultans 1000-1526 
The Imperial Gazetteer of India, Volume 13 page 52 
Bhakt Darshan, Gadhwal ki Divangit Vibhutiyan
Mahajan V.D.1991, History of Medieval India
Majumdar R.C. (edited) 2006, The Sultanate
Rizvi, Uttar Taimur Kalin Bharat
Tarikhe Daudi
Vishweshara nand , Bharat Bharti lekhmala
Aine-e Akbari
Akbari Darbar
Tareekh Badauni
Eraly Abraham, 2004 The Mogul Throne
The Tazuk-i-Jahangiri
Maularam- Gadh Rajvansh Kavya
Ramayan Pradeep
Annatdev’s Smriti-Kaustubh
Sarkar, History of Aurangzeb
Jadunath Sarkar, History of Aurangzeb
Sarkar, fall of Mogul Empire
Sailendra Nath Sen, 2010, An Advanced History of Modern India
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
   
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -223   
History of Kumaon (1000-1790) to be continued….
Himalayan, Indian History of Chand Dynasty rule in Kumaon to be continued…
  (Himalayan, Indian History (740-1790 AD to be continued…)

  History of Jaya Nand Joshi in Shrinagar and Pradyuman Chandra entering into Kumaon

          (History of Kumaon from 1000-1790 AD)
   
                     (History of Panwar Dynasty Rule in Kumaon)
History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar) - Part 224

                                              By: Bhishma Kukreti

               Jaya Nand Joshi reached with army near to Shrinagar. There, Jaya Nand Joshi got the information of his supporter Nitya Nand Khanduri was in prison by the order of Kripa Ram Dobhal. Kripa Ram Dobhal was supporter of Garhwal King Jaya Kirti Shah and not Doti queen (mother of Pradyuman and Parakram Shah). Now, Joshi was in danger as he sent his threatening letter to Shrinagar and had conspiracy with Nitya Nand Khanduri against Jaya Kirti Shah. However, Jaya Nand Joshi was wiser than fox. He made strategy to make profit from unfortunate days. Jaya Nand Joshi entered Shrinagar.
         Jaya Nand Joshi visited court of Jay Kirti Shah. Jaya Nand Joshi requested to Garhwal King that Garhwal king should send Pradyuman Chandra immediately to Almora as people are not paying tax without King.
  Jaya Nand Joshi also demanded payment for soldiers in Kumaon kingdom.
        Garhwal King Jaya Kirti Shah accepted sending Pradyuman Chandra to Kumaon but refused to pay payment for soldiers in Kumaon. Jaya Kirti Shah told that Kumaon king and administrators should collect tax and should arrange for payment to soldiers in Kumaon.
 In past, with the help of Nitya Nand Khanduri, Jaya Nand Joshi collected money from late Garhwal King Lalit Shah. But this time Joshi could not make fool of Jay Kirti Shah. It seems that Jaya Kirti Shah was ready to pay payment of Garhwal soldiers sent by Lalit Shah but did not agree to pay Kumaon soldiers.
 
                     Pradyuman Chandra in Kumaon

                 Garhwal King provided a horse as gift to Jaya Nand Joshi. Jaya Kirti Shah did graceful, diplomatic farewell party and paid gifts to Pradyuman Chandra. Pradyuman Chandra was accompanying   soldiers, a few court administrators and servants. People from all regions of Kumaon came to Almora. Pradyuman Chandra was officially declared Kumaon King there in 1780.
          Fourteen year old Pradyuman Chandra was Kumaon king for the sake of King. Pradyuman Chandra had palace for sleeping and food for living. In reality, Jaya Nand Joshi was the King. Jaya Nand Joshi was administrating the rule. There was no need to take order from Pradyuman Chandra by any administrators.
      Pradyuman Chandra could gauge the reality and he called his younger brother Parakram in Almora. Parakram was strong built man and ambitious too. Parakram came to Kumaon.
   Prempati Khanduri was guardian of teen age Pradyuman Chandra in Almora.  People of Kumaon were frustrated by watching the conspiracy of Joshi and company. People well understood that Joshi Company was not real well wishers of Kumaon and they would never provide justice to anyone. Harsh dev Joshi, Jaya Nand Joshi and Gada Dhar Joshi were in commanding top positions. Jaya Nand Joshi and Gada Dhar Joshi were from Auliya village.
  Joshi brothers gifted lands to their relatives and supporters on behalf of their puppet Pradyuman Chandra. The following were receivers of government favors as per inscriptions of 1781, 1782, 1784 respectively - Krishna Nand Joshi, Beniram Upreti, Revadhar Joshi and Balkrishna Joshi.
 
                 Marriage of Pradyuman Chandra
  When Pradyuman reached to Kumaon he was fourteen and a couple of months old teen aged boy. After some time, Harsh Dev Joshi arranged his marriage with a daughter of Manral caste from Kumaon. Manral were related to Katyuri Kings. Historians called her as ‘Kumaoni Rani’ or ‘Kumaoni wali’ queen. 
      That Kumaoni queen delivered son in 1784. He was named s Sudarshan Shah. Sudarshan Shah became Tehri Riyasat King n 1815. 


             
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti -bckukreti@gmail.com 22/12/2013
 
                                      References

Dr. Shiv Prasad Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas Bhag 10, Kumaon ka Itihas 1000-1790
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Katyur ka Itihas, Pundit Ram Datt Tiwari
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Justin Marozzi, 2006, Tamerlane: Sword of Islam
Bakshsingh Nijar, 1968, Punjab under Sultans 1000-1526 
The Imperial Gazetteer of India, Volume 13 page 52 
Bhakt Darshan, Gadhwal ki Divangit Vibhutiyan
Mahajan V.D.1991, History of Medieval India
Majumdar R.C. (edited) 2006, The Sultanate
Rizvi, Uttar Taimur Kalin Bharat
Tarikhe Daudi
Vishweshara nand , Bharat Bharti lekhmala
Aine-e Akbari
Akbari Darbar
Tareekh Badauni
Eraly Abraham, 2004 The Mogul Throne
The Tazuk-i-Jahangiri
Maularam- Gadh Rajvansh Kavya
Ramayan Pradeep
Annatdev’s Smriti-Kaustubh
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Sarkar, fall of Mogul Empire
Sailendra Nath Sen, 2010, An Advanced History of Modern India
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
   
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -225   
History of Kumaon (1000-1790) to be continued….
Himalayan, Indian History of Chand Dynasty rule in Kumaon to be continued…
  (Himalayan, Indian History (740-1790 AD to be continued…)