Uttarakhand > Uttarakhand History & Movements - उत्तराखण्ड का इतिहास एवं जन आन्दोलन
History of Uttarakhand, Kumaon & Garhwal-उत्तराखंड का इतिहास (कुमाऊं/गढ़वाल)
Bhishma Kukreti:
Ancient Communities of Kumaon-Garhwal (Uttarakhand), Himalayas -2
History of Kumaon-Garhwal (Uttarakhand) - Part -6
Ancient communities of Kumaon-Garhwal (Uttarakhand), Himalayas-2
Bhishma Kukreti
[Notes on Ancient History of Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient History of Udham Singh Nagar, Kumaun, Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient History of Nainital Kumaun, Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient History of Bageshwar Kumaun, Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient History of Champawat Kumaun, Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient History of Pithauragarh , Kumaun, Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient History of Almora, Kumaun, Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient History of Haridwar/Hardwar, Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient History of Dehradun Garhwal, Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient History of Pauri Garhwal , Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient History of Chamoli Garhwal , Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient History of Rudraprayag Garhwal , Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient History of Tihri Garhwal, Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient History of Uttarkashi Garhwal, Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient History of Kumaun, Uttarakhand, Himalayas]
Proto-Australoids (कोल, मुंड और शबर ) communities in Uttarakhand
Proto-Australoids are a hypothetical group of ancient hunting people originated in Sahara Africa. Around 65000 years back the migration started from Sahara, Africa. It is believed that Proto-Australoids developed the last Metal Age in ancient Uttarakhand.
There are mentions of कोल, मुंड और शबर in Mahbharata (Bhishm Parv 56/9). The historians cant guess the exact timing of entry of Proto-Australoids (कोल, मुंड और शबर ) in Uttarakhand. However, it is sure that there were Proto-Australoids (कोल, मुंड और शबर) in Uttarakhand before Aryans, Dravidians and Kirats came to Uttarakhand. It is believed that when Kirat entered into Uttarakhand the Proto-Australoids (कोल, मुंड और शबर ) of ancient Uttarakhand became the slaves of Kirats and became part of Kirat culture. Some Proto-Australoids (कोल, मुंड और शबर) communities of ancient Uttarakhand migrated towards north and a quite a few signs of languages, rituals and socials rules of present Kiratiyans of Bhotantik regions of Garhwal-Kumaun are proof that there were Proto-Australoids (कोल, मुंड और शबर) in Garhwal -Kumaun . Byangsi, Chaudangsi , Dar,iya, Rangkash languages of Bhotiya regions (Tibet border) of Uttarakhand are the proof that there were Proto-Australoids (कोल, मुंड और शबर) before Kirat ,Aryans came to Uttarakhand as the words of Kol -Mundlanguages found Byangsi, Chaudangsi , Dar,iya, Rangkash languages.
The Kolish Affix and Suffix in Garhwali and Kumauni languages
There are words in Garhwali and Kumauni languages where there are Kolish suffix and affix as ‘Gad=with water, Kol as
Name of Rivulets in Garhwal-Kumaun: Gulargad, Gweelgaad, Silgad, Mandulgad
The da, ta, gads are suffix of Kol languages and Alknanda, Jalaknanda, Sharda Rivers are examples of influences of Proto-Australoids (कोल, मुंड और शबर ) culture.
The village names Amgadi, Dugadda, Bad, Badoli, Badyun; Barmoli, Birkaganv, Bilkhet, Birta are another examples the proof of Proto-Australoids (कोल, मुंड और शबर ) living in Uttarakhand in ancient time.
The Ta’Thya, Tya suffix on words are the symbol of Kol languages. There are words with suffix tya, ta, tha, thya etc as Fulta, Solta, Kolta, folti etc in Kumauni and Garhwali languages that suggest the existence of Proto-Australoids (कोल, मुंड और शबर ) culture in ancient time in Uttarakhand.
The words as ळ , ऴ , ळा , ळि , ळी , ळु , ऌ, ळे , ळै abundantly in Garhwali and in some parts of Kumauni also direct the historians that there were Kol and Dravidyans in Garhwal and Kumaun.
The words Dom or Dom prefix/suffix in many names in Garhwal and Kumaun also indicate the existence of Kol-Mund in the regions.
Contribution of Proto-Australoids (कोल, मुंड और शबर ) communities in Uttarakhand
The Proto-Australoids (कोल, मुंड और शबर ) communities invented agriculture and invented agricultural appliances as Kudal, Kooti. Contour types of fields are invented by Proto-Australoids (कोल, मुंड और शबर ) communities in Uttarakhand. Fruit plantation is also started by Proto-Australoids (कोल, मुंड और शबर ) communities in Uttarakhand
Proto-Australoids (कोल, मुंड और शबर ) communities also domesticated many wild animals and birds. The communities also experimented wild plants for use of food or medicines.
The Proto-Australoids (कोल, मुंड और शबर ) communities started astronomy Nakstr Vigyan researches and provide many words on astronomy and astrology as raka, Kahu etc.
Social Culture of Proto-Australoids (कोल, मुंड और शबर ) communities
The social structure of Kol-Mund was primitive and used to believe in love before marriage or divorcing. The present culture of making Rambang, Hambaghar in Bhotiya regions of Uttarakhand are signs of social culture of Kol Mund culture.
Burial was common in The Proto-Australoids (कोल, मुंड और शबर ) communities.
The deities were given signs of donkey, Bull, eagle, heroin, dog, buffalo, peacock, elephant, lion etc and still these deities are worshipped by Hindus.
To please deities and god the Kol-Mund used to sacrifice lives of animals.
Using rice, turmeric, sindur at the time of rituals started by Australoids (कोल, मुंड और शबर ) communities.
References and Further Reading Suggestions:
Badri Datt Pandey, 1937, Kumaun ka Itihas, (second edition.) Shyam Prakashan, Almora (page 155-179)
Dabral, Shiv Prasad, Uttarakhand ka Itihas Bhag-2, (pages117 to321), Veer Gath Press, Dogadda, India
Dinesh Prasad Saklani, 1998, Ancient Communities of the Himalayas
D.D Sharma, 2009, Cultural History of Uttarakhand
Hari Krishna Raturi, 1921, Garhwal ka Itihas
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti 5/4/2013
(The write up is for general readers and may not be properly suitable for history research scholars)
History of Garhwal –Kumaon (Uttarakhand) to be continued… Part -7
Ancient communities of Kumaon-Garhwal (Uttarakhand), Himalayas- to be continued…3
Notes on Ancient History of Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient History of Udham Singh Nagar, Kumaun, Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient History of Nainital Kumaun, Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient History of Bageshwar Kumaun, Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient History of Champawat Kumaun, Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient History of Pithauragarh , Kumaun, Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient History of Almora, Kumaun, Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient History of Haridwar/Hardwar, Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient History of Dehradun Garhwal, Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient History of Pauri Garhwal , Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient History of Chamoli Garhwal , Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient History of Rudraprayag Garhwal , Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient History of Tihri Garhwal, Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient History of Uttarkashi Garhwal, Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient History of Kumaun, Uttarakhand, Himalayas to be continued…..
Bhishma Kukreti:
Mongolian Kirat culture in Garhwal Kumaon (Uttarakhand)
History of Kumaon-Garhwal (Uttarakhand) - Part -7
Ancient communities of Kumaon-Garhwal (Uttarakhand), Himalayas-3
[Notes on Mongolian Kirat culture in Garhwal Kumaon (Uttarakhand); Mongolian Kirat culture in Pithauragarh Kumaon (Uttarakhand); Mongolian Kirat culture in Bageshwar Kumaon (Uttarakhand); Mongolian Kirat culture in Champawat Kumaon (Uttarakhand); Mongolian Kirat culture in Almora Kumaon (Uttarakhand); Mongolian Kirat culture in Nainital Kumaon (Uttarakhand); Mongolian Kirat culture in Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon (Uttarakhand); Mongolian Kirat culture in Gangotri Garhwal (Uttarakhand); Mongolian Kirat culture in Yamuna Valley Garhwal (Uttarakhand); Mongolian Kirat culture in Bhilangna valley Garhwal (Uttarakhand); Mongolian Kirat culture in Tihri Garhwal (Uttarakhand); Mongolian Kirat culture in Uttarkashi Garhwal (Uttarakhand); Mongolian Kirat culture in Chamoli Garhwal (Uttarakhand); Mongolian Kirat culture in Rudraprayag Garhwal (Uttarakhand); Mongolian Kirat culture in Pauri Garhwal (Uttarakhand); Mongolian Kirat culture in Haridwar/Hardwar Garhwal (Uttarakhand); Mongolian Kirat culture in Dehradun Garhwal (Uttarakhand)]
Bhishma Kukreti
Kirat, Kirati, Kiranti , Kirant, kimpurush, Kinnar, Keer, Chir or Chilyat are now indigenous ethnic groups of Mid Himalayas. Prototype Tibeto Burmans originated in Yellow River Basin around 10000- 30000 years back. They migrated to Himalayan belt via Assam, Burma, and Yunnan in ancient time.
The historian as Dr. Dabral states that Tharu in Bhabhar regions, Mihir of Tarai and Gir, Ghirat of Kashmir /Kangda are descendent of Kirat. It is believed that Kirats invaded Garhwal –Kumaun 2500- 3000 BC. Kirats pushded Kol Mund people of Uttarakhand towards north –Tibet border or Kol Mund civilization merged with Kirat culture.
There are abundant mentions of Kirat of Himalayas people in Vedic literature, Bajsaneh Samhita, Atharved, Shatpath, Shankhyayan, Jaimniy, Matsy Puran, Markendey Puran, Vayu Puran, Brahmand Puran literature. Kaalidas mentioned Kirat living in Kumaon, Garhwal, Nepal and Mansarovar in his literature. Rajikirat caste of Kumaon is descendent of Kirats. Same way, Ghirat, Bogsa, Tharu, Mihir are called the descendent of Kirat civilization.
The Kirats were characterized by flat face, flat forehead, flat nose, less hair on face, yellow or whitish color, less height, very strong built.
As far as Garhwal is concerned, Gangotri, Bhilangana valley and Yamuna valley were main centers of kirat civilization. The village names Kirkhu, Khirsu, Kirmana, Kirmola, Kirsiya are also indicate the prominence of Kirat civilization in Uttarakhand 3000 B.C.
Kirat took many cultural symbols especially –Kantya, Dag, Bhoot prêt, Pitripret, Ghat etc from Kol Mund culture.
Kirat Culture
Kirat of Uttarakhand were hunter, had domestic animals, were used blankets, the culture were aware of bear, dear, Kastura, bats, bugs, frog etc.
The Kirats used to build cantors for farming in Uttarakhand.
The family relations oriented words were also developed by kirats –father, mother, grandfather, and grandmother etc.
Kirat gifted the deities as Rudra, Bhairav and Ghantakarn deities to Indian culture. Aryan (vedic culture) were enemies of Kirat culture but in later stage as Veda named Rudra as Girishant, Giritra, Girish, Girichar, Girishay. Kritivasa was one of the important deities of Kirat.
References and Further Reading Suggestions:
Badri Datt Pandey, 1937, Kumaun ka Itihas, (second edition.) Shyam Prakashan, Almora (page 155-179)
Dabral, Shiv Prasad, Uttarakhand ka Itihas Bhag-2, (pages117 to321), Veer Gath Press, Dogadda, India
Dinesh Prasad Saklani, 1998, Ancient Communities of the Himalayas
D.D Sharma, 2009, Cultural History of Uttarakhand
Hari Krishna Raturi, 1921, Garhwal ka Itihas
Sluser, Mery 1982, Nepal Mandal
Hasrat 1977, on Kirat of Nepal
Moktan ,Dupwangel Tamang , 1998 Book of Thu:Chen Thu: Jang
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti 9/4/2013
(The write up is for general readers and may not be properly suitable for history research scholars)
History of Garhwal –Kumaon (Uttarakhand) to be continued… Part -8
Ancient communities of Kumaon-Garhwal (Uttarakhand), Himalayas- to be continued…4
Comments on Mongolian Kirat culture in Garhwal Kumaon (Uttarakhand); Mongolian Kirat culture in Pithauragarh Kumaon (Uttarakhand); Mongolian Kirat culture in Bageshwar Kumaon (Uttarakhand); Mongolian Kirat culture in Champawat Kumaon (Uttarakhand); Mongolian Kirat culture in Almora Kumaon (Uttarakhand); Mongolian Kirat culture in Nainital Kumaon (Uttarakhand); Mongolian Kirat culture in Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon (Uttarakhand); Mongolian Kirat culture in Gangotri Garhwal (Uttarakhand); Mongolian Kirat culture in Yamuna Valley Garhwal (Uttarakhand); Mongolian Kirat culture in Bhilangna valley Garhwal (Uttarakhand); Mongolian Kirat culture in Tihri Garhwal (Uttarakhand); Mongolian Kirat culture in Uttarkashi Garhwal (Uttarakhand); Mongolian Kirat culture in Chamoli Garhwal (Uttarakhand); Mongolian Kirat culture in Rudraprayag Garhwal (Uttarakhand); Mongolian Kirat culture in Pauri Garhwal (Uttarakhand); Mongolian Kirat culture in Haridwar/Hardwar Garhwal (Uttarakhand); Mongolian Kirat culture in Dehradun Garhwal (Uttarakhand to be continued…
Bhishma Kukreti:
Paleo-Mediterranean, Oriental type and Dravidian civilizations in Uttarakhand
History of Kumaon-Garhwal (Uttarakhand) - Part -8
Ancient communities of Kumaon-Garhwal (Uttarakhand), Himalayas-4
[Notes on Dravidian Civilizations in Uttarakhand; Dravidian Civilizations in Uttarkashi Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Dravidian Civilizations in Tihri Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Dravidian Civilizations in Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Dravidian Civilizations in Dehradun Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Dravidian Civilizations in Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Dravidian Civilizations in Hardwar / Haridwar Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Dravidian Civilizations in Chamoli Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Dravidian Civilizations in Rudraprayag Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Dravidian Civilizations in Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon , Uttarakhand; Dravidian Civilizations in Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Dravidian Civilizations in Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Dravidian Civilizations in Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Dravidian Civilizations in Bageshwar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Dravidian Civilizations in Pithauragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand]
Bhishma Kukreti
Dr Dabral provides the references of Dr D.N Majumdar ‘s researches and mentions that Paleo-Mediterranean race came to India. Dr Dabral mentioned that there are signs of Paleo-Mediterranean and Oriental cultures in Uttarakhand at the time of Kol Mund culture. However, it is believed that this culture was merged with previous settlers and post settlers too.
Dravidian Communities in Uttarakhand
Dr Dabral and other historians suggest that Dravidians also ruled once the Uttarakhand. Dravidians are Semitic group .They ruled Kols and slowly after the entry of Khas , the Dravidians became part of Khas culture.
There are many signs of Dravidian culture in Uttarakhand that prove that Dravidian were there in Kol –Mund time and later on Khas time.
The following words in Garhwali and Kumaoni languages are Dravidian origin as they are in same grammatical manners as Dravidian languages
गढ़वाली शब्द -कूड़ी , कोड़ी (मकान की ), चिकण , पोकि , पूठा
गढ़वाली गाँव - कठुड़ , ककरूड़ा, पठुड, रतोड़ा , अमोल्डा, अगरोड़ा, कफल्डी आदि
कुमाउनी गाँव - दिगतड़, लिखतड़, घिगतड़ आदि
The Uttar Mahabharata does not detail much as Dakshinatya Mahabharata provides much details of Uttarakhand.
The Dravidians provided many innovative cultures to India. The worshiping of King as deity is Dravidian gift to human kind. The Dravidians used to build temple. Many oldest versions of folklores of India were influenced by Dravids.
Worshiping on Asan, Pashupati, amphibious God (ardh Nareshwar) is initiated by Dravidians.
It is said that present Shilpkar race of Uttarakhand is descendent of Kol, Mund, Kirat , Dravid and Khas races.
References and Further Reading Suggestions:
Badri Datt Pandey, 1937, Kumaun ka Itihas, (second edition.) Shyam Prakashan, Almora (page 155-179)
Dabral, Shiv Prasad, 1968, Uttarakhand ka Itihas Bhag-2, (pages117 to321), Veer Gath Press, Dogadda, India
Dinesh Prasad Saklani, 1998, Ancient Communities of the Himalayas
D.D Sharma, 2009, Cultural History of Uttarakhand
Hari Krishna Raturi, 1921, Garhwal ka Itihas
Jagdish Bahadur , 2003 Indian Himalayas
Dr. Naval Viyogi, Professor M A Ansari, 2010 History of the Later Harappans and Shilpkara Movement (two volumes) Kalpaz Publication, Delhi, India
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti 10/4/2013
(The write up is for general readers and may not be properly suitable for history research scholars)
History of Garhwal –Kumaon (Uttarakhand) to be continued… Part -9
Ancient communities of Kumaon-Garhwal (Uttarakhand), Himalayas- to be continued…5
Notes on Dravidian Civilizations in Uttarakhand; Dravidian Civilizations in Uttarkashi Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Dravidian Civilizations in Tihri Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Dravidian Civilizations in Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Dravidian Civilizations in Dehradun Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Dravidian Civilizations in Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Dravidian Civilizations in Hardwar / Haridwar Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Dravidian Civilizations in Chamoli Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Dravidian Civilizations in Rudraprayag Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Dravidian Civilizations in Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon , Uttarakhand; Dravidian Civilizations in Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Dravidian Civilizations in Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Dravidian Civilizations in Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Dravidian Civilizations in Bageshwar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Dravidian Civilizations in Pithauragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand to be continued…
Bhishma Kukreti:
Western Brachycephal Races of Ancient Uttarakhand
History of Kumaon-Garhwal (Uttarakhand) - Part -9
Ancient communities of Kumaon-Garhwal (Uttarakhand), Himalayas-5
Western Brachycephal Races of Uttarakhand -1
[Historical Notes on Western Brachycephal Races of Ancient Uttarakhand; Western Brachycephal Races of Ancient Pithauragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Western Brachycephal Races of Ancient Bageshwar, Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Western Brachycephal Races of Ancient Champawat, Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Western Brachycephal Races of Ancient Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Western Brachycephal Races of Ancient Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Western Brachycephal Races of Ancient Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Western Brachycephal Races of Ancient Uttarkashi Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Western Brachycephal Races of Ancient Tihri Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Western Brachycephal Races of Ancient Chamoli Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Western Brachycephal Races of Ancient Rudraprayag, Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Western Brachycephal Races of Ancient Haridwar /Hardwar Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Western Brachycephal Races of Ancient Dehradun Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Western Brachycephal Races of Ancient Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand]
Bhishma Kukreti
Risley ,Eickstedt, Hutton, B.S Guha, Sarkar, D.N Majumdar and S.K.Chatterji with little bit vibrations divided Western Brachycephal race ( Broad Headed) into following sub races
A-Armenoid –दरद आदि
B-Alpanoid -खश -काशि जाति
C-Dinaric शक जाति
Armenoid
Dr Guha states that the original race of Armenoid been in Uttarakhand or nearby and in later stage has either vanished or merged with populated race. There is less differences between Armenoid and Dinaric is that Armenoid has darker pigmentation. Sanskrit classic as Mahabharata includes Armenoid among Shudras.
According to D.c Sarkar, the Armenoid race was settled in Kashmir in old age. Today, from historian point of views, the Kohistan, Chitral, Kafirstan, Gilgit Kashmir region are called Armenoid region. The Darad language has total effects on development of Sindhi and Punjabi languages. Since, there is an effect on Garhwali and Kumaoni languages it is definite that Armenoid race was there in Garhwal and Kumaon. However, Armenoid merged with Khash in later stage. In Mahabharata, there is mentions of existences of Armenoid –दरद and Alpanoid -खश -काशि together.
किरातोराज्ञा विषय सुबाहो: पीनास्तुशारान दरदांश्च
देशान कुलिन्द्स्य च भूमिरत्नान (महाभारत , वन पर्व 117/ 11 , 12 )
क्रव्यादा: दरदा: दार्वा: महाभारत (सभापर्व 48/12)
The above provides signal that may be in small groups or non dominating groups Armenoid lived in Mid Himalayas in ancient time.
References and Further Reading Suggestions:
Badri Datt Pandey, 1937, Kumaun ka Itihas, (second edition.) Shyam Prakashan, Almora (page 155-179)
Dabral, Shiv Prasad, 1968, Uttarakhand ka Itihas Bhag-2, (pages117 to321), Veer Gath Press, Dogadda, India
Dinesh Prasad Saklani, 1998, Ancient Communities of the Himalayas
D.D Sharma, 2009, Cultural History of Uttarakhand
Hari Krishna Raturi, 1921, Garhwal ka Itihas
Jagdish Bahadur , 2003 Indian Himalayas
Dr. Naval Viyogi, Professor M A Ansari, 2010 History of the Later Harappans and Shilpkara Movement (two volumes) Kalpaz Publication, Delhi, India
H.K Barpujari, 1990, The Comprehensive History of Assam (page 11)
Bindeshwar Prasad Sinha, 1974 The Comprehensive History of Bihar (Page-70)
Fisher, William B., 2003, The Middle East and Africa
S.N Sen, 1999, Ancient Indian History and Civilization
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti 10/4/2013
(The write up is for general readers and may not be properly suitable for history research scholars)
History of Garhwal –Kumaon (Uttarakhand) to be continued… Part -10
Ancient communities of Kumaon-Garhwal (Uttarakhand), Himalayas- to be continued…6
Western Brachycephal Races of Uttarakhand to be continued…2
Historical Notes on Western Brachycephal Races of Ancient Uttarakhand; Western Brachycephal Races of Ancient Pithauragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Western Brachycephal Races of Ancient Bageshwar, Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Western Brachycephal Races of Ancient Champawat, Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Western Brachycephal Races of Ancient Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Western Brachycephal Races of Ancient Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Western Brachycephal Races of Ancient Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Western Brachycephal Races of Ancient Uttarkashi Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Western Brachycephal Races of Ancient Tihri Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Western Brachycephal Races of Ancient Chamoli Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Western Brachycephal Races of Ancient Rudraprayag, Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Western Brachycephal Races of Ancient Haridwar /Hardwar Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Western Brachycephal Races of Ancient Dehradun Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Western Brachycephal Races of Ancient Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand
Bhishma Kukreti:
Dinaric Race in Ancient Garhwal-Kumaon (Uttarakhand )
History of Kumaon-Garhwal (Uttarakhand) - Part -10
Ancient communities of Kumaon-Garhwal (Uttarakhand), Himalayas-6
Western Brachycephal Races of Uttarakhand -2
Bhishma Kukreti
Dinaric (शक जाति ) people came to Uttarakhand after entry of Khas (Aplanoid) in Uttaranchal. The terms Dinaric comes from the Alps maintain Dinara the border of Bosnia, Croatia and Herzegovina (Balkan Peninsula). There are several theories about origin of Dinaric race. Gunthar and Coon claim that Bell -Beaker People of European Bronze Age were partially Dinaric. The characteristics of Dinaric people is described as very tall, mostly mesomorph bodily build, relatively long legs, short trunk , long arm span, head from brachycephalic to hyper brachycephalic. Dinaric race entered India though western part at various time and intervals.
Patanjali described this race as Shak Yavan the inhabitants of Gabdik (Champba –Gaddi), Shaurya (Saunki valley of Kumaon) and Kraunch (Mana valley of Garhwal).
The Dinaric women were very beautiful and the ancient writers claim that the beauty of Dinaric women was due to Dinaric race using garlic abundantly in their food (Bagbhatt- Ashtang Collection, Uttar, A.49). The historians marked them for ability with bow and arrow.
Dinaric race was Sun God worshipper and the dress of Sun in their temples was as humans put on long skin robe and long boot in regions as Alps Europe. The Sun putting long robe or Sun with long boot in the Sun temples of Uttarakhand hint that Dinaric race was very much in Kashmir, Himachal and Uttarakhand.
Dr Dabral mentions the following Sun temples of Uttarakhand those are different than Aryan Sun temples and Sun is putting dress as of Dinaric Sun God. The old time Sun temples of Garhwal and Kumaon remind the influence of Dinaric race on Khas and Katyuri races of Uttarakhand.
Place in Uttarakhand ----------------Patti -----------------------Deity Name
Katarmal -------------------------------Kumaon --------------------Sun with long boot
Belar (Bel) ------------------------------Gangoli ---------------------Adityaa
Prabhai (Bel) --------------------------Gangoli ------------------ Aditya
Ramak --------------------------------- (Mahar , Kali Kumaun) ----------Aditya
Naini ------------------------------------ ( Lakhanpur, Chaugarkha) --------------Aditya
Jageshwar -----------------------------------------------------------------------Adity
Joshimath -----------------------------------------------------------------------------Surya Narayan
Before Dinaric race came to Mid Himalayas, the Khas or Alpanoid race was ruling the region and ultimately Dinaric race merged with Alpanoid race
References and Further Reading Suggestions:
Badri Datt Pandey, 1937, Kumaun ka Itihas, (second edition.) Shyam Prakashan, Almora (page 155-179)
Dabral, Shiv Prasad, 1968, Uttarakhand ka Itihas Bhag-2, (pages117 to321), Veer Gath Press, Dogadda, India
Dinesh Prasad Saklani, 1998, Ancient Communities of the Himalayas
D.D Sharma, 2009, Cultural History of Uttarakhand
Hari Krishna Raturi, 1921, Garhwal ka Itihas
Jagdish Bahadur , 2003 Indian Himalayas
Dr. Naval Viyogi, Professor M A Ansari, 2010 History of the Later Harappans and Shilpkara Movement (two volumes) Kalpaz Publication, Delhi, India
H.K Barpujari, 1990, The Comprehensive History of Assam (page 11)
Bindeshwar Prasad Sinha, 1974 The Comprehensive History of Bihar (Page-70)
Fisher, William B., 2003, The Middle East and Africa
S.N Sen, 1999, Ancient Indian History and Civilization
Carleton Stevens Coon, 1962, The Origin of Race
C.S. Coon, The Races of Europe
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti 10/4/2013
(The write up is for general readers and may not be properly suitable for history research scholars)
History of Garhwal –Kumaon (Uttarakhand) to be continued… Part -11
Ancient communities of Kumaon-Garhwal (Uttarakhand), Himalayas- to be continued…7
Western Brachycephal Races of Uttarakhand to be continued…3
Historical Notes on Dinaric Race in Ancient Uttarakhand; Dinaric Race in Ancient Haridwar, Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Dinaric Race in Ancient Dehradun, Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Dinaric Race in Ancient Uttarkashi, Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Dinaric Race in Ancient Tihri Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Dinaric Race in Chamoli Ancient Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Dinaric Race in Ancient Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Dinaric Race in Ancient PitharuraGarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Dinaric Race in Ancient Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Dinaric Race in Ancient Bageshwar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Dinaric Race in Ancient Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Dinaric Race in Ancient Nainital, Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Dinaric Race in Ancient Udham Singh Nagr Kumaon, Uttarakhand to be continued….
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