Author Topic: History of Uttarakhand, Kumaon & Garhwal-उत्तराखंड का इतिहास (कुमाऊं/गढ़वाल) (Read 534676 times)

Bhishma Kukreti · « **Reply #560 on:** December 26, 2014, 10:58:48 AM »

Gorkha King Rama Shah: Introducer of Many Laws or Muluki Ain or Edicts

History of Gorkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -3

History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -522

By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)
Rama Shah (1606-1636)
Rama Shah was grandson of Dravya shah and got crown after death of his elder brother Kshtra Shah. Their father Purendra Shah ruled Gorkha Land for thirty five year and Kshatra Shah only for seven months. King Rama Shah established a monastery in 1936 .
It is said that Rama Shah extended the Gorkha territories Trisuli valley near Nepal proper;He extended his rule up to Tibet and west too.
Rama Shah sent his missionaries to Delhi, Udaipur and Patan.
Besides, skill in foreign relations, he became famous for law giver in Central and West Nepal. Gorkha became the place where disputes were resolved.
Gorkhavamsavali states that Rama Shah used to resolve disputes. There are 26 or 27 edicts in Gorkhavamsavali and it is said that Rama Shah promulgated a small porticos of those dictates. These edicts are not codes but are single order proclaims. They cover following topics-
1-The Royal Guru
2-On Measures
3-On Weights
4-About Debts of Grains
5-On Money Debts
6-On disputes over watering places
7- On Disputes over Oil Presses
8-On Irrigation canal Disputes
9-On Rewards of Land to Brahmins
10-Six Clans
11-Pasture for Cattle
12-On Preservation of Trees on road side
13- On Preservation of Trees at Watering Sources
14-On Banishment of Brahmin and their kin committing murder
15-On Execution of Members of other group committing murder
16-On Wearing Gold
18-Edicts lost
19-Duties of Brahmins
20 Duties of Pande Brahmins in Gorkha
21-On Worship in Talla Kot and Darbar
22-On Appointments of Dada etc
23-On Harvest Division
24-On Twelve and Eighteen Thar
25-On Agreement of Kingdom of Patan with King of King Siddhi Narsimha Malla
26-On touching stone in Expiation
27-On Witches

(From –Gyevali , 1933, Rama Shah ko Jivani, Darjeeling and www.lawcommision.gov.np )
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 26/12/2014
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -523
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX

Reference
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Gorkhavamsavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021
XX
History of Gorkha Rule over Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule over Dehradun Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule over Uttarkashi Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Nainital, Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule over Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Almora, Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Bageshwar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule over Chamoli Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Champawat, Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule over Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Himachal Pradesh;
स्वच्छ भारत ! स्वच्छ भारत ! बुद्धिमान भारत

Bhishma Kukreti · « **Reply #561 on:** December 27, 2014, 10:35:50 AM »

Prithvi Pati Shah: A Wicked Gorkha King
History of Gorkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -4

History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -523

By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)

The three successors of Gorkha King Rama Shah were weak Kings. The Lumjung King captured some part of Gorkha regime from the successors of Rama Shah. The fourth successor of Rama Shah was Prithvi Pati Shah. It was obvious that Prithvi Pati Shah was not strong enough to snatch the lost territory from Lumjung Kingdom. Prithvi Pati made a strategy and under the plan he exiled his youngest son Ran Dulla Shah. Ran Dulla Shah took asylum in Lumjung Kingdom and became favorite of the King. Lumjung King offered governorship to Ran Dulla Shah for the Gorkha Land won by Lumjung Kingdom. Getting proper opportunity Ran Dulla Shah handed over the Gorkha land under Lumjung to Gorkha Kingdom and came back to Gorkha.
As a result Ran Dulla Shah became favourite to his father. The Crown Prince Bir Bhadra Shah did not like the liking of his fftaher for Ran Dulla Shah. Ran Dulla Shah tried to Bir Bhadra that he was faithful to Crown Prince but Bir Bhadra was not convinced. Ran Dulla Shah committed suicide. Bir Bhadra went to Kathmandu for worshipping Pashupati Nath as repent. He died while returning from Kathmandu to Gorkha. A son ( Narabhupal Shah ) of Bir Bhadra was born in Royal Palace of Tanahun. Dala Shah the third son of Prithvi Pati Shah was blind. Narabhupal Shah was ascended on crown in 1716 AD.

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 27/12/2014
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -524
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX

Reference
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021
XX
History of Gorkha Rule over Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule over Dehradun Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule over Uttarkashi Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Nainital, Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule over Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Almora, Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Bageshwar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule over Chamoli Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Champawat, Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule over Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Himachal Pradesh;
स्वच्छ भारत ! स्वच्छ भारत ! बुद्धिमान भारत

Bhishma Kukreti · « **Reply #562 on:** December 29, 2014, 09:52:38 AM »

Gorkha King Nara Bhupal Shah: Who Used Diplomacy for Gorkha Kingdom Extension

History of Gorkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -5

History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -524

By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)

Gorkha King Nara Bhupal Shah (1697-1743)
Gorkha King Nara Bhupal Shah (1697-1743) was grandson of Prtithvi Pati Shah, son of Bir Bhadra shah and father of Pritvi Narayan Shah.
Gorkha King Nara Bhupal Shah was ambitious and courageous King.
The Nepal region was divided in three Kingdoms – Bhadgaon, Patan and Kathumandu. The Kings of those Kingdoms were from same blood link. However, they used to fight for pity matters too.
Gorkha King Nara Bhupal Shah initiated the strategy for capturing Nepal Kingdoms under Gorkha Kingdom.
Gorkha King Nara Bhupal Shah increased armed forces and used various diplomatic tactics for capturing other territories.
Gorkha King Nara Bhupal Shah had marriages of his family members with the King families of Parvat, Khanchi, Palpa and Tanhu.
After preparation, he attacked to Nuvakot. Nuvakot army defeated Gorkha King Nara Bhupal Shah army. Gorkha King Nara Bhupal Shah blamed to his Army Chief Jay Prakash Mall for the defeat and exiled him. Jay Prakash Mall took asylum under Kathmandu King. Kathmandu King helped Nuvakot Kingdom in the battle. Gorkha King Nara Bhupal Shah had treaty with Bhadgaon King that was enemy of Kathmandu King. Gorkha King Nara Bhupal Shah sent his ten years old son Prtithvi Narayan Shah to Bhadgaon to live there. Prithvi Narayan Shah took full knowledge of Bhadgaon.
Gorkha King Nara Bhupal Shah decided to marry his son Prithvi Narayan Shah with daughter of Hemkaran Sen the Makwanpur Kingdom King. Makwanpur was at strategic territory to circle Nuvakot and Kathmandu Kingdoms. However, after marriage, Hemkarn Sen refused to sned his daughter to Gorkha Land.
Angered Gorkha King Nara Bhupal Shah married his son Prithvi Narayan Shah with daughter of Ahiman Singh of Banras Jil. Later on Gorkha King Nara Bhupal Shah married his other two sons with daughters of Ahiman Singh family.
Those diplomatic tactics became powerful tool for Prithvi Narayan Shah for extending Gorkha Kingdom.

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 29/12/2014
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -525
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX

Reference
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021
XX
History of Gorkha Rule over Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule over Dehradun Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule over Uttarkashi Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Nainital, Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule over Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Almora, Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Bageshwar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule over Chamoli Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Champawat, Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule over Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Himachal Pradesh;
स्वच्छ भारत ! स्वच्छ भारत ! बुद्धिमान भारत

Bhishma Kukreti · « **Reply #563 on:** December 29, 2014, 12:57:49 PM »

Physical Characters of Indian Aryans in context History of Haridwar, Bijnor, Saharanpur

हरिद्वार , बिजनौर , सहारनपुर इतिहास संदर्भ में आर्यों की शारीरिक विशेषतायें

History of Haridwar Part --36
हरिद्वार का आदिकाल से सन 1947 तक इतिहास -भाग -36

इतिहास विद्यार्थी ::: भीष्म कुकरेती
ऋग्वेद में आर्यों के शारीरिक लक्षणों पर स्पष्ट वर्णन नही मिलता है। जो ऋग्वेदिक देवताओं की विशेषतायें वर्णित हैं विद्वान उन्ही को भारतीय आर्यों के शारीरिक लक्सण मानते हैं।
ऋग्वेद की रचना के एक हजार वर्ष पश्चात पतंजलि ने अपने समय के ब्राह्मणो को गोरा , शुद्ध आचार वाला , कपिल व पीत रंग के बालों वाला बतलाया है।
बौद्ध साहित्य में (पतंजलि से चार सौ साल पूर्व व ऋग्वेद से छै सौ साल पश्चात ) बुद्ध के रंग को सुवर्ण व आँखों को अलसी के रंग समान अभिनील कहा गया है।
ऋग्वेद में वर्णित देवताओं को आधार बनाकर विद्वानो का मत है कि आर्य गोरे , दाढ़ी मूछ व बालों का रंग पिंगल था।
आर्यों का आकार लम्बा , बड़ा गला , पुष्ट उदर व सुंदर बाहें थीं। तीखी नाक भी आर्यों की विशेषता थी ,
अनार्यों को काला बतलाया गया है।

संदर्भ - डा शिव प्रसाद डबराल , उत्तराखंड इतिहास - भाग -२
राहुल -ऋग्वेदिक आर्य

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India 29 /12/2014
Contact--- bckukreti@gmail.com
History of Haridwar to be continued in हरिद्वार का आदिकाल से सन 1947 तक इतिहास; बिजनौर इतिहास, सहारनपुर इतिहास -भाग 37

(The History of Haridwar, Bijnor , Saharanpur write up is aimed for general readers)

Physical Characters of Indian Aryans in context History of Kankhal, Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Physical Characters of Indian Aryans in context History of Har ki Paidi Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Physical Characters of Indian Aryans in context History of Jwalapur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Physical Characters of Indian Aryans in context History of Telpura Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Physical Characters of Indian Aryans in context History of Sakrauda Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Physical Characters of Indian Aryans in context History of Bhagwanpur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Physical Characters of Indian Aryans in context History of Roorkee, Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Physical Characters of Indian Aryans in context History of Jhabarera Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Physical Characters of Indian Aryans in context History of Manglaur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Physical Characters of Indian Aryans in context History of Laksar; Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Physical Characters of Indian Aryans in context History of Sultanpur, Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Physical Characters of Indian Aryans in context History of Pathri Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Physical Characters of Indian Aryans in context History of Landhaur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Physical Characters of Indian Aryans in context History of Bahdarabad, Uttarakhand ; Haridwar; Physical Characters of Indian Aryans in context History of Narsan Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Physical Characters of Indian Aryans in context History of Bijnor; Physical Characters of Indian Aryans in context History of Nazibabad Bijnor ; Physical Characters of Indian Aryans in context History of Saharanpur

कनखल , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; तेलपुरा , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; सकरौदा , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; भगवानपुर , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;रुड़की ,हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; झाब्रेरा हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; मंगलौर हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;लक्सर हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;सुल्तानपुर ,हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;पाथरी , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; बहदराबाद , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; लंढौर , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;बिजनौर इतिहास; नगीना , बिजनौर इतिहास; नजीबाबाद , नूरपुर , बिजनौर इतिहास;सहारनपुर इतिहास

स्वच्छ भारत ! स्वच्छ भारत ! बुद्धिमान भारत

Bhishma Kukreti · « **Reply #564 on:** December 31, 2014, 10:43:05 AM »

Gorkha King Prithvi Narayan Shah: First King of Unified Nepal

History of Gorkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -6

History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -525

By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)
Prithvi Narayan Shah (1743-10January 1775) was born in 1723 and coroneted in 1743. At the same time his father in law the King of Makwanpur invited Prithvi Narayan to take his wife (daughter of Makwanpur King) . Prithvi Narayan reached to Makwanpur. However, Pritvi Narayan created conflict there for a pity matter. Prithvi Narayan Shah returned without wife.
Attack on Nuvakot
Returning without wife, Prithvi Narayan was feeling insulted. He sent his army chief Biraj Thapa with big army for capturing Nuvakot. Nuvakot army defeated Gorkha army. Rattled with defeat, Prithvi Narayan sent another force under Maheshwar Pant. There was competition between Thapa and Pant to defeat Nuvakot. Nuvakot army generals were devoted to their Kingdom and wisely they defeated both the Gorkha army.
Collection of Arms and Ammunition by Prithvi Narayan Shah
Getting defeat from Nuvakot, Prithvi Narayan was forced to pay attention on his force, arms and ammunition and strategies.
In the mean time, Rohilla captured Kumaon. Till then, Hill Kingdoms were supposed to be unwinnable by army from plains. The stories about weakness of Kumaon and looting by Rohillas spread all over Hill regions.
It was known that Rohillas used guns and gun powders taken from British people. The Christian missionaries and tourists from Varanasi also told to people of Gorkha that British guns are more lethal than conventional weapons.
Prithvi Narayan handed over the Kingdom to his confident minister Kalu Pande and came to Varanasi with his aids. There with the help of his father in law Ahiman Singh and a Avsthi sage, Prithvi Narayan Shah purchased gun powder and guns in ample quantity and came to Gorkha. He got trained his men for gun powder arms. He opened to factories for manufacturing gun powder and guns in Gorkha land. The trainers Sheikh Jabar, Muhmmad Takki, Bhairav Singh were called from plains. They trained Gorkha army for using guns etc.
Prithvi Narayan Shah made army training for every male citizen compulsory.

Rea more about Prithvi Narayan Shah in next chapter….
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 31/12/2014
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -526
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX

Reference
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021
XX
History of Gorkha Rule over Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule over Dehradun Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule over Uttarkashi Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Nainital, Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule over Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Almora, Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Bageshwar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule over Chamoli Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Champawat, Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule over Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Himachal Pradesh;
स्वच्छ भारत ! स्वच्छ भारत ! बुद्धिमान भारत

Bhishma Kukreti · « **Reply #565 on:** December 31, 2014, 01:05:00 PM »

Aryan Societies Spread in context History of Haridwar, Bijnor and Saharanpur

हरिद्वार , बिजनौर व सहारनपुर इतिहास संदर्भ में आर्यजनो का प्रसार

History of Haridwar Part --37
हरिद्वार का आदिकाल से सन 1947 तक इतिहास -भाग -37

इतिहास विद्यार्थी ::: भीष्म कुकरेती
यद्यपि आर्यों का मूलस्थान पर विवाद हैं किन्तु भारत में आर्य संस्कृति , समाज के प्रसार की गाथाएं वेदों में उपलब्ध हैं।
ऋग्वेद में आर्य जाति का इतिहास आर्यों के पंजाब बसाहत के 2 -3 शताब्दियों पश्चात शुरू हो सका।
आर्य तत्कालीन भारतीय समाज को प्रभावित कर रहे थे और आर्यजन भी अनार्य जातियों की भाषाओं व संस्कृति से प्रभावित हो रहे थे।
पंजाब में बसते समय आर्य जाति निम्न जातियों में बंटीं थी -
१- पुरू - रावी नदी के पूर्व में बसे थे
२- यदु -सतलज और रावी की निचली भूमि बसे थे
३- तुर्वस -सतलज और रावी की निचली भूमि बसे थे
४- द्रह्यु -रावी के पश्चिम में झेलम तक
५- अनु -रावी के पश्चिम में झेलम तक
ऋग्वेद के समय तक आर्यजनों की संख्या वृद्धि हो चुकी थी और निम्न शाखाएं भी जुड़ चुके थे -
६- भरत
७- तत्सु
८- कुशिक आदि
९- सृञ्जयजन -सतलज -व्यास के मध्य
१०- पक्थ -सिंधु पश्चिम से झेलम के पश्चिम तक
११- भलान -सिंधु पश्चिम से झेलम के पश्चिम तक
१२- अलीन -सिंधु पश्चिम से झेलम के पश्चिम तक
१३- विषाणी -सिंधु पश्चिम से झेलम के पश्चिम तक
१४- शिविजन -सिंधु पश्चिम से झेलम के पश्चिम तक
आर्यजन आपस में लड़ते -झगड़ते रहते थे और एक दूसरे से सहायता लेते रहते थे।
ऋग्वेदिन आर्यजन सिंधु नदी से पंजाब में सतलज तट तक फैले थे।

संदर्भ - डा शिव प्रसाद डबराल , उत्तराखंड इतिहास - भाग -२
राहुल -ऋग्वेदिक आर्य

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India 31 /12/2014
Contact--- bckukreti@gmail.com
History of Haridwar to be continued in हरिद्वार का आदिकाल से सन 1947 तक इतिहास; बिजनौर इतिहास, सहारनपुर इतिहास -भाग 38

(The History of Haridwar, Bijnor , Saharanpur write up is aimed for general readers)

History of Kankhal, Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Har ki Paidi Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Jwalapur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Telpura Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Sakrauda Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Bhagwanpur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Roorkee, Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Jhabarera Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Manglaur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Laksar; Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Sultanpur, Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Pathri Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Landhaur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Bahdarabad, Uttarakhand ; Haridwar; History of Narsan Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;History of Bijnor; History of Nazibabad Bijnor ; History of Saharanpur
कनखल , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; तेलपुरा , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; सकरौदा , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; भगवानपुर , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;रुड़की ,हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; झाब्रेरा हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; मंगलौर हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;लक्सर हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;सुल्तानपुर ,हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;पाथरी , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; बहदराबाद , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; लंढौर , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;बिजनौर इतिहास; नगीना , बिजनौर इतिहास; नजीबाबाद , नूरपुर , बिजनौर इतिहास;सहारनपुर इतिहास

स्वच्छ भारत ! स्वच्छ भारत ! बुद्धिमान भारत

Bhishma Kukreti · « **Reply #566 on:** January 01, 2015, 11:06:38 AM »

History of Gorkha Prithvi Narayan Shah capturing Nuwakot

History of Gorkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -7

History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -526

By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)

Gorkha King Prithvi Narayan Shah was bent to capture Nuvakot. Gorkha King Prithvi Narayan Shah was aware about Kaski , Lumjung, Tanhu and Palpa Kingdoms could help Nuvakot. Gorkha King Prithvi Narayan Shah created cordial relations with those Kingdom Kings.
After having cordial relations with the above Kingdom, Gorkha King Prithvi Narayan Shah attacked Nuwakot in1744 from three sides. Gorkha King Prithvi Narayan Shah army defeated Nuwakot army and destroyed Nuwakot.
Gorkha King Prithvi Narayan Shah ordered to de-skin his ex- army chief Jayant Rana (who took asylum in Nuwakot). Gorkha King Prithvi Narayan Shah suppressed the people with cruel means.
Nuwakot had defense and economic importance for Gorkha Kingdom. After capturing Nuwakot, Gorkha King Prithvi Narayan Shah closed the commercial road from Kathmandu to Tibet.
Gorkha King Prithvi Narayan Shah built a palace in Nuwakot.

Read more about Prithvi Narayan Shah in next chapter….
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 1/1/2015
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -527
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX

Reference
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021
XX
History of Gorkha Rule over Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule over Dehradun Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule over Uttarkashi Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Nainital, Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule over Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Almora, Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Bageshwar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule over Chamoli Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Champawat, Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule over Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Himachal Pradesh;
स्वच्छ भारत ! स्वच्छ भारत ! बुद्धिमान भारत

Bhishma Kukreti · « **Reply #567 on:** January 01, 2015, 12:14:30 PM »

Sapsindhu Rivers , Sarswati and Unaware of Haridwar by Vedic Aryas

वैदिक आर्य साहित्य में सप्तसिंधु नदियां , सरस्वती एवं हरिद्वार के बारे में अनभिग्यता

History of Haridwar Part --38
हरिद्वार का आदिकाल से सन 1947 तक इतिहास -भाग -38

इतिहास विद्यार्थी ::: भीष्म कुकरेती
सप्तसिंधु
वैदिक साहित्य में उत्तर पश्चिम की 31 भारतीय नदियों व इनके तटों पर कई घटनाओं का वर्णन मिलता है। 31 में से 25 नदियों का वर्णन वैदिक प्राचीनतम साहित्य ऋग्वेद में भी मिलता है। इन नदियों के वर्णन से पता चलता है कि आर्यों का प्रसार यमुना नदी के पूर्व तक हो चका था । वेद में वर्णित मुंजावत शिखर शायद जम्मू है। इसी क्षेत्र में वेदों की रचना हुयी थी।
ऋग्वैदिक आर्यों की मुख्य भूमि सप्तसिंधु रही है। ये सात नदियां हैं -
१- सिंधु
२- परुष्णी
३- अस्कनी
४-विपास
५- वितस्तता
६-शुतुद्रि
७-सरस्वती
सरस्वती वर्तमान की सिंधु , रावी , चिनाव , व्यास , झेलम , सतलुज और कुरुक्षेत्र में बहने वाली नदी माना गया है।
ऋग्वेद में सप्तसिन्धव: का प्रयोग एक बार हुआ है और अन्यत्र अधिक बार हुआ है।

सरस्वती नदी
ऋग्वेद में नदियों को पूर्व याने गंगा से पश्चिम की और अफगानिस्तान की और गिना गया है-
गंगा
यमुना
सरस्वती
शुतुद्रि (सतलुज )
परुष्णी (रावी )
अस्किनी (चिनाव )
मरुदृघा
वितस्ता (झेलम )
आरजीकिया
सुषोमा
त्रिष्टामा
रसा
श्वेता
सिंधु
कुभा
गोमती (गोमाल )
क्रमु
महत्नु
इस तरह सरस्वती की पहचान वर्तमान सरसुती नदी से की जाती है जो अम्बाला के निकट शिवालिक पहाड़ियों से नीचे उतरती है और भटनेर मरुस्थल के निकट लुप्त हो जाती है।
ऋग्वेद में गंगा का प्रयोग केवल एक ही बार हुआ है। और गंगा के बारे में कुछ भी नही कहा गया है।
अतः हरिद्वार के बारे में प्राचीन वैदिक साहित्य सर्वथा अनभिज्ञ रहा है।

***संदर्भ - ---
डा शिव प्रसाद डबराल , उत्तराखंड इतिहास - भाग -२
राहुल -ऋग्वेदिक आर्य
मजूमदार , पुसलकर , वैदिक एज

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India 1 /1/2015
Contact--- bckukreti@gmail.com
History of Haridwar to be continued in हरिद्वार का आदिकाल से सन 1947 तक इतिहास; बिजनौर इतिहास, सहारनपुर इतिहास -भाग 38
History of Kankhal, Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Har ki Paidi Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Jwalapur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Telpura Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Sakrauda Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Bhagwanpur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Roorkee, Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Jhabarera Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Manglaur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Laksar; Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Sultanpur, Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Pathri Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Landhaur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Bahdarabad, Uttarakhand ; Haridwar; History of Narsan Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;History of Bijnor; History of Nazibabad Bijnor ; History of Saharanpur
कनखल , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; तेलपुरा , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; सकरौदा , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; भगवानपुर , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;रुड़की ,हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; झाब्रेरा हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; मंगलौर हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;लक्सर हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;सुल्तानपुर ,हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;पाथरी , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; बहदराबाद , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; लंढौर , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;बिजनौर इतिहास; नगीना , बिजनौर इतिहास; नजीबाबाद , नूरपुर , बिजनौर इतिहास;सहारनपुर इतिहास

स्वच्छ भारत ! स्वच्छ भारत ! बुद्धिमान भारत

Bhishma Kukreti · « **Reply #568 on:** January 02, 2015, 09:35:54 AM »

Gorkha King Prithvi Narayan Shah Punishing and Murdering Jaisi Brahmins

History of Gorkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -8

History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -527

By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)

After winning Nuwakot, Gorkha King Prithvi Narayan Shah planned to win over Kathmandu. Gorkha King Prithvi Narayan Shah did not attack directly on Kathmandu. Gorkha King Prithvi Narayan Shah took diplomatic uses to disturb Kathmandu. Gorkha King Prithvi Narayan Shah created rifts between Kathmandu King Jay Prakash Mall and his officers. Jay Prakash Mall sentenced death penalty for his many officers without finding the realities. After knowing the facts, Jay Prakash Mall decided to capture the son of Gorkha King Prithvi Narayan Shah in Nuwakot through Jaisi Brahmins. Knowing the conspiracy of Jaisi Brahmins, Gorkha King Prithvi Narayan Shah sentenced death penalty for Jaisi Brahmins.
Gorkha King Prithvi Narayan Shah also deprived Jaisi Brahmins from Brahminship. From that time, Jaisi Brahmins did not perform the job of Purohitai. People stopped Saluting (Pay Lagun) Jaisi communities as was the custom for saluting to Brahmins. King did not us to sentence death punishment to Brahmin. However, now Jaisi Brahmins were sentenced death as punishment too.

Read more about Prithvi Narayan Shah in next chapter….
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 2/1/2015
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -528
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX

Reference
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021
XX
History of Gorkha Rule over Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule over Dehradun Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule over Uttarkashi Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Nainital, Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule over Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Almora, Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Bageshwar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule over Chamoli Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Champawat, Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule over Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Gorkha Rule over Himachal Pradesh;
स्वच्छ भारत ! स्वच्छ भारत ! बुद्धिमान भारत

Bhishma Kukreti · « **Reply #569 on:** January 02, 2015, 10:09:11 AM »

Food Habits /Culinary Arts and Agriculture of Vedic Aryans in terms of History of Haridwar, Bijnor and Saharanpur

हरिद्वार , बिजनौर , सहारनपुर इतिहास संदर्भ में वैदिक आर्यों का भोजन व कृषि कला

History of Haridwar Part --38
हरिद्वार का आदिकाल से सन 1947 तक इतिहास -भाग -38

इतिहास विद्यार्थी ::: भीष्म कुकरेती
दिवोदास के समय तक वैदिक आर्यों का प्रसार यमुना के पश्चिम वर्तमान हरियाणा तक ही था। कुछ वैदिक आर्य वस्तियां सिरमौर की पहाड़ियों के नीचे तक भी अवस्थित थीं।
पशुचारक आर्य ऋग्वेद के समय कृषि अपना चुके थे। भूमि अरण्य व क्षेत्र (कृषि लायक ) में विभक्त हो गयी थी।
आर्य उर्बरा भूमि में साल भर में दो खेती करते थे। सिंचाई भी करते थे। हल बैलों से खींचा जाता था। हल दो बैलों से लेकर 12 बैलों से खींचा जाता था। इससे ज्ञात होता है कि वैदिक आर्य मैदानी हिस्सों तक सीमित थे।
पकी फसल को दराती से काटा जाता था। पूलों में बांधकर फसल लायी जाती थी और फिर मांडी जाती थी। भूसा अलग करने की विधि भी अपनाई जाती थी।
आरम्भ में केवल जौ की खेती की जाती थी और बाद में निम्न अन्न उगाये जाते थे -
धान (ब्रीहि )
मूंग
उड़द /मॉस
तिल
अणु
खल्व
प्रियंग
मसूर
श्यामक आदि
फलों में निम्न फल खाए जाते थे -
कर्कन्धु
कुवल
बदर याने बेर

***संदर्भ - ---
डा शिव प्रसाद डबराल , उत्तराखंड इतिहास - भाग -२
राहुल -ऋग्वेदिक आर्य
मजूमदार , पुसलकर , वैदिक एज

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India 2 /1/2015
Contact--- bckukreti@gmail.com
History of Haridwar to be continued in हरिद्वार का आदिकाल से सन 1947 तक इतिहास; बिजनौर इतिहास, सहारनपुर इतिहास -भाग 38

History of Kankhal, Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Har ki Paidi Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Jwalapur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Telpura Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Sakrauda Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Bhagwanpur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Roorkee, Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Jhabarera Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Manglaur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Laksar; Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Sultanpur, Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Pathri Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Landhaur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Bahdarabad, Uttarakhand ; Haridwar; History of Narsan Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;History of Bijnor; History of Nazibabad Bijnor ; History of Saharanpur
कनखल , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; तेलपुरा , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; सकरौदा , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; भगवानपुर , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;रुड़की ,हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; झाब्रेरा हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; मंगलौर हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;लक्सर हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;सुल्तानपुर ,हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;पाथरी , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; बहदराबाद , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; लंढौर , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;बिजनौर इतिहास; नगीना , बिजनौर इतिहास; नजीबाबाद , नूरपुर , बिजनौर इतिहास;सहारनपुर इतिहास

स्वच्छ भारत ! स्वच्छ भारत ! बुद्धिमान भारत

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Author Topic: History of Uttarakhand, Kumaon & Garhwal-उत्तराखंड का इतिहास (कुमाऊं/गढ़वाल) (Read 534676 times)

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Re: History of Uttarakhand, Kumaon & Garhwal-उत्तराखंड का इतिहास (कुमाऊं/गढ़वाल)

Bhishma Kukreti

Re: History of Uttarakhand, Kumaon & Garhwal-उत्तराखंड का इतिहास (कुमाऊं/गढ़वाल)