Author Topic: History of Uttarakhand, Kumaon & Garhwal-उत्तराखंड का इतिहास (कुमाऊं/गढ़वाल)  (Read 534744 times)

Bhishma Kukreti

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                          Das Bhumi in Rigveidic Period in contaxt Haridwar, Bijnor and Saharanpur History

                                        ऋग्वेदीय समय में दास भूमि विस्तार

                                                        History of Haridwar Part  --48 

                                                         हरिद्वार का आदिकाल से सन 1947 तक इतिहास -भाग -48   
                                                                                                             
                                                   इतिहास विद्यार्थी ::: भीष्म कुकरेती 
 
   ऋग्वेद अनुसार वैदिक राजाओं ने कई युद्ध किये और चालीस वर्षों तक अनार्य /दास नरेशों से युद्ध करते रहे।  इसका अर्थ है कि दास भूमि पंजाब के नजदीक , कांगड़ा तक ही सीमित नही रही होगी।  दास भूमि का विस्तार अवश्य ही उत्तराखंड , हिमाचल , सहारनपुर , हरिद्वार , बिजनौर तक फैला था।
  दिवोदास ने दास नरेश शंबर के सौ शिला दुर्गों तथा पुरकुत्स ने सात दुर्ग ध्वस्त किये।  देवदास ने साठ हजार सैनिकों की हत्या की।  वशिष्ठ ने तीन हजार दासों को आहत किया।  तो वामदेव ने पचास हजार कृष्ण रंगी दासों  मारा।
       दास हत्त्या युद्ध में एक लाख वीरों के मरने का उल्लेख मिलता है।  ऋग्वेद में अपार दासों को मरने का उल्लेख है।
इन आंकड़ों से विदित होता है कि दास भूमि सप्तसिंधु से काफी दूर   तक पंहुची थी और शायद सहारनपुर , उत्तराखंड , बिजनौर तक दास भूमि का विस्तार था।

**संदर्भ - ---
वैदिक इंडेक्स
डा शिव प्रसाद डबराल , उत्तराखंड  इतिहास - भाग -२
राहुल -ऋग्वेदिक आर्य
मजूमदार , पुसलकर , वैदिक एज
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti  Mumbai, India 20 /1/2015
Contact--- bckukreti@gmail.com
History of Haridwar to be continued in  हरिद्वार का आदिकाल से सन 1947 तक इतिहास; बिजनौर इतिहास, सहारनपुर इतिहास  -भाग 49


History of Kankhal, Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Har ki Paidi Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Jwalapur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Telpura Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Sakrauda Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Bhagwanpur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Roorkee, Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Jhabarera Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Manglaur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Laksar; Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Sultanpur,  Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Pathri Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Landhaur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Bahdarabad, Uttarakhand ; Haridwar; History of Narsan Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;History of Bijnor; History of Nazibabad Bijnor ; History of Saharanpur
कनखल , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; तेलपुरा , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; सकरौदा ,  हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; भगवानपुर , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;रुड़की ,हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; झाब्रेरा हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; मंगलौर हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;लक्सर हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;सुल्तानपुर ,हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;पाथरी , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; बहदराबाद , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; लंढौर , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;बिजनौर इतिहास; नगीना ,  बिजनौर इतिहास; नजीबाबाद , नूरपुर , बिजनौर इतिहास;सहारनपुर इतिहास
                       स्वच्छ भारत !  स्वच्छ भारत ! बुद्धिमान भारत




Bhishma Kukreti

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                        Rise of Brave Gorkha Commander Amar Singh Thapa

History of Gorkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -20
   
   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -539
 
                        By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)
  Mother Queen and Care Taker (Nayab) Rajya Lakshi sent an army led by 31 year old commander Amar Singh Thapa for defusing the combined attack of Chaubisi Kings. Amar Singh Thapa was son of Bhim Sen Thapa who was effective commander of Prithvi Narayan Shah. Prithvi Narayan Shah appointed Bhim Sen as ruler of Nichauk under Gorkha Kingdom. Amar Singh Thapa was brave, courageous and war expert as his brave father. Amar Singh participated in many wars led by Prithvi Narayan Shah.
        Chaubisi Kings fought battles at Chinnauti, Sriha, Nichauk and Jyamruk to stop Amar Singh Thapa. However, Amar Singh Thapa won the Jyamruk territory. After winning Jyamruk, Amar Singh Thapa army won the battle of Tarkughat and captured Balibhanjan the army commander of Parvat Raj Kingdom and Bhakti Thapa the army commander of Lumjung Kingdom in the battle. Bali Bhajan died in prison. Bhakti Thapa accepted Gorkha command and he was offered a nominal position in Gorkha army. Later on, on west Campaign,  Bhakti Thapa was right hand of Amar Singh Thapa. In 1782, Tinhu and Lumjung Kingdoms were included into Gorkha Kingdom.
   In 1785, Amar Singh Thapa captured   Nuwakot West, Dhunvakot and Paiyun Kingdoms. Another commander Abhiyan Singh captured Palpa , Tanhu, Bhirkot and Rising regions.
 Rajya Lakshmi died in 1786. Her brother in law Bahadur Shah never gave chance her to be in peace. However, the Iron Lady Rajya Lakshmi saw that Gorkha Kingdom continued to expand its Kingdom. She has respectable name in Gorkha History. Rajya Lakshmi was so busy in day to day interference of Bahadur Shah that she could not pay attention in educating her son Ran Bahadur Shah. Therefore, Ran Bahadur Shah could not become a strong ruler. After death of Rajya Lakshmi, Bahadur Shah returned to Kathmandu and became again the Nayab or Care Taker King.


** Read more about Gorkha King Ran Bahadur in next chapter….
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 21/1/2015
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -540
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX

                    Reference
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021 
Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173
XX
History of Gorkha Rule in Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule in Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule in Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule in Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule in Tehri Garhwal, Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule in Uttarkashi Garhwal, Bageshwar Kumaon, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule in Dehradun Garhwal, Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh;
स्वच्छ भारत !  स्वच्छ भारत ! बुद्धिमान भारत

Bhishma Kukreti

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                                    Prosperity of Anarya or Das in Rigvedic Period in context Haridwar, Bijnor and Saharanpur History

                              हरिद्वार , बिजनौर और सहारनपुर इतिहास संदर्भ में ऋग्वेदकालीन अनार्यों या दास भूमि की समृद्धि

                                                                       History of Haridwar Part  --49 

                                                         हरिद्वार का आदिकाल से सन 1947 तक इतिहास -भाग -49   
                                                                                                             
                                                   इतिहास विद्यार्थी ::: भीष्म कुकरेती 

  ऋग्वेद अनुसार उस काल में अनार्य या दास जन समृद्ध थे। आर्यों ने पंजाब की पहाड़ियों के अनार्य नरेशों से उलझना स्वीकार किया किन्तु यमुना पूर्व मैदानी हिस्सों पर आक्रमण नही किया और ऋग्वेद इस विषय में मौन है।  इसका एक अर्थ यह भी निकलता है कि यमुना पूर्व के अनार्य शक्तिशाली थे।
 आर्यों को अपने बढ़ते पशुधन हेतु चारागाहों की आवश्यकता थी।  और पहाड़ों की घास अधिक रसीली थी  /गर्मियों में भी हरी घास की प्रचुरता थी।  अतः आर्यों ने पहाड़ी किरातों याने शंबर के क्षेत्र पर अधिकार किया।
 शंबर के अधिकार क्षेत्र में धन सम्पनता ,, पुष्ट जानवर , अश्व , भेड़ बकरी , आदि की प्रचुरता थी और आर्य इन्हे छीनने के लिए आतुर रहते थे।
पर्वतीय प्रदेशों में खनिज -ताम्र , बहुमूल्य पत्थर , स्फटिक , जड़ी बूटियाँ प्रचुर मात्रा में थीं।
आर्य पर्वतीय प्रदेशों से बहुमूल्य सम्पति छें कर ऋषियों में भी उत्साह से वितरित करते थे। (ऋग्वेद - ६ /४७ /२२ )


**संदर्भ - ---
वैदिक इंडेक्स
डा शिव प्रसाद डबराल , उत्तराखंड  इतिहास - भाग -२
राहुल -ऋग्वेदिक आर्य
मजूमदार , पुसलकर , वैदिक एज
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti  Mumbai, India 21 /1/2015
Contact--- bckukreti@gmail.com
History of Haridwar to be continued in  हरिद्वार का आदिकाल से सन 1947 तक इतिहास; बिजनौर इतिहास, सहारनपुर इतिहास  -भाग 50

History of Kankhal, Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Har ki Paidi Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Jwalapur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Telpura Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Sakrauda Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Bhagwanpur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Roorkee, Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Jhabarera Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Manglaur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Laksar; Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Sultanpur,  Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Pathri Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Landhaur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Bahdarabad, Uttarakhand ; Haridwar; History of Narsan Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;History of Bijnor; History of Nazibabad Bijnor ; History of Saharanpur
कनखल , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; तेलपुरा , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; सकरौदा ,  हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; भगवानपुर , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;रुड़की ,हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; झाब्रेरा हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; मंगलौर हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;लक्सर हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;सुल्तानपुर ,हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;पाथरी , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; बहदराबाद , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; लंढौर , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;बिजनौर इतिहास; नगीना ,  बिजनौर इतिहास; नजीबाबाद , नूरपुर , बिजनौर इतिहास;सहारनपुर इतिहास
                       स्वच्छ भारत !  स्वच्छ भारत ! बुद्धिमान भारत
                                       


Bhishma Kukreti

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     Arms and Ammunition Collection by Nayab Bahadur Shah in Gorkha King Ran Bahadur Period 

History of Gorkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -21
   
   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -540
 
                        By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)

                       After the death of Rajyaendra  Lakshmi, Bahadur Shah became the Nayab (Care Taker) of Gorkha Kingdom. Bahadur Shah was brave, courageous and war lover as his father was.  He paid attention on adding the arms and ammunitions and training his army with new innovative technique of war and battles  for winning the rest of Nepal. Bahadur Shah experienced watching the dress , army organizations, discipline and new weapons of East India Company Army in Patna.
                 As East India won the weak Indian Kingdoms one by one, Bahadur Shah also decided for winning the smaller Kings one by one in Nepal Hills.
   Bhadur Shah sent his minister Dina Nath Upadhyaya to Kolkata for purchasing 500 Guns. When Dina Nath Upadhyaya was coming back with 500 Guns, East India Company stopped Dina Nath Upadhyaya for taking guns out of Kolkata. East India Governor General informed Bahadur Shah that it was illegal to take guns out of East India Territories. Governor General gifted one gun for Bahadur Shah.
       Bahadur Shah sent Dina Nath Upadhyaya to Kolkata again for calling the Gun manufacturing experts. Dina Nath Upadhyaya brought three European Gun manufacturing experts to Nepal. One of them was French expert. Bahadur Shah appointed French Gun expert for making Guns. Bahadur Shah used to pay Rs 500 per month to French Expert. When French Expert manufactured 200 Guns and Nepalis became expert in manufacturing Guns, Bahadur Shah stopped paying to French Expert.
       Bahadur Shah built a few factories for manufacturing Guns. Though, Guns were of old model Guns, they were more fatal than Bows and Arrows.
              Bahadur Shah also imported new types of Guns from Plains of India.
                  He provided red shirts to his soldiers. Bahadur Shah made Parade for soldiers as compulsory activity. Bahadur Shah organized his army as per East India Company Army. Bahadur Shah created Positions in army as Sardar, Faujdar, Subedar, Captain and Colonel. The Gorkha army was more devoted to their Kings as they supposed the Gorkha King the incarnation of Lord Gorakhnath. Each Gorkha soldiers was ready for sacrificing his life for the King.
** Read more about Gorkha King Ran Bahadur in next chapter….
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 25/1/2015
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -541
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX

                    Reference
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021 
Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173
XX
History of Gorkha Rule in Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule in Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule in Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule in Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule in Tehri Garhwal, Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule in Uttarkashi Garhwal, Bageshwar Kumaon, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule in Dehradun Garhwal, Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh;
XXX
स्वच्छ भारत !  स्वच्छ भारत ! बुद्धिमान भारत

Bhishma Kukreti

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                             Aryans Capturing Pasture /Grazing  Land of Das/Anaryans
                                       आर्यों द्वारा अनार्य  /दास भूमि  अधिकार

                                                                  History of Haridwar Part  --50   

                                                         हरिद्वार का आदिकाल से सन 1947 तक इतिहास -भाग -50   
                                                                                                             
                                                   इतिहास विद्यार्थी ::: भीष्म कुकरेती   

 किरतादि जन हिमालय की तलहटी स्थित शिवालिक , भाभर तराई भागों में रहते थे।  आर्यों से आने से पहले ही इन लोगों का अधिकार तराई -भाभर -शिवालिक वनों पर था।  पंजाब का  तराई भूभाग गंगा पूर्व के भाभर -तराई से अधिक स्वास्थ्यकर रहा होगा। आर्य लोग तराई -भाभर के चराई क्षेत्र व पहाड़ी क्षेत्रों में पशु चराने  धमकते आ थे।
                                         आर्यों द्वारा दास, बच्चों का स्त्री अपहरण

 आर्य अनार्य लोगों का अपहरण करते रहते थे।  कोल मुंड , द्रविड़ स्त्रियों के मुकाबले किरात व खस स्त्रियां अधिक गोरी  पीली व आकर्षक थीं .
  आर्य दास प्राप्ति हेतु प्रार्थना करते थे।  छीने दास जन को भृत्य या सेवक/सेविका  बनाया जाता था।  सेविकाओं को प्राप्त करना पशु धन प्राप्ति के समान था।  आर्य गोरी दास नारियों को रखैल भी बनाते थे और उनसे उत्पन पुत्रों को ऋषि बनने  में कोई दिक्क्त भी नही होती थी।
कई अवसरवादी किरात दास अपने शत्रु बांधवों के बच्चे व स्त्री आर्यों को सौंप देते थे और ऐसे समय में अपनी दास स्त्रियां अश्त्र -शस्त्र भी चलाने लगे थे।
*संदर्भ - ---
वैदिक इंडेक्स
डा शिव प्रसाद डबराल , उत्तराखंड  इतिहास - भाग -२
राहुल -ऋग्वेदिक आर्य
मजूमदार , पुसलकर , वैदिक एज
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti  Mumbai, India 21 /1/2015
Contact--- bckukreti@gmail.com
History of Haridwar to be continued in  हरिद्वार का आदिकाल से सन 1947 तक इतिहास; बिजनौर इतिहास, सहारनपुर इतिहास  -भाग 51

Aryans Capturing Pasture /Grazing  Land of Das/Anaryans  in context History of Kankhal, Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Aryans Capturing Pasture /Grazing  Land of Das/Anaryans  in context History of Har ki Paidi Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Aryans Capturing Pasture /Grazing  Land of Das/Anaryans  in context History of Jwalapur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Aryans Capturing Pasture /Grazing  Land of Das/Anaryans  in context History of Telpura Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Sakrauda Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Aryans Capturing Pasture /Grazing  Land of Das/Anaryans  in context History of Bhagwanpur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Roorkee, Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Aryans Capturing Pasture /Grazing  Land of Das/Anaryans  in context History of Jhabarera Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Manglaur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Aryans Capturing Pasture /Grazing  Land of Das/Anaryans  in context History of Laksar; Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Aryans Capturing Pasture /Grazing  Land of Das/Anaryans  in context History of Sultanpur,  Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Aryans Capturing Pasture /Grazing  Land of Das/Anaryans  in context History of Pathri Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Aryans Capturing Pasture /Grazing  Land of Das/Anaryans  in context History of Landhaur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Aryans Capturing Pasture /Grazing  Land of Das/Anaryans  in context History of Bahdarabad, Uttarakhand ; Haridwar; Aryans Capturing Pasture /Grazing  Land of Das/Anaryans  in context History of Narsan Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Aryans Capturing Pasture /Grazing  Land of Das/Anaryans  in context History of Bijnor; Aryans Capturing Pasture /Grazing  Land of Das/Anaryans  in context History of Nazibabad Bijnor ; Aryans Capturing Pasture /Grazing  Land of Das/Anaryans  in context History of Saharanpur

कनखल , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; तेलपुरा , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; सकरौदा ,  हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; भगवानपुर , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;रुड़की ,हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; झाब्रेरा हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; मंगलौर हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;लक्सर हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;सुल्तानपुर ,हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;पाथरी , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; बहदराबाद , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; लंढौर , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;बिजनौर इतिहास; नगीना ,  बिजनौर इतिहास; नजीबाबाद , नूरपुर , बिजनौर इतिहास;सहारनपुर इतिहास
                       स्वच्छ भारत !  स्वच्छ भारत ! बुद्धिमान भारत

 

Bhishma Kukreti

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               Gorkha Army Looting Tibet Temples and Gorkha Reaching Kali River

History of Gorkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -22
   
   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -541
 
                        By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)

               Gorkha Army up to Teesta River , Sikkim
             Regent Bahadur Shah dominated the Nepal Politics. With the aid of his army generals Damodar Pande and Amar Singh Thapa, Bahadur Shah crushed Sikkim up to Teesta River. Sikkim Ruler accepted the sovereignty of Nepal. Gorkha Rule was at least till 1817 and Sikkim used to pay tribute every year, to Gorkha Kingdom.
                   Gorkha Army Looting Tibet Temples
 In 1788, Gorkha Army marched towards North and captured a few Tibetan Provinces.  Gorkha Kingdom gave reasons for attacking on peaceful Tibet that Tibet ruler increased import duty on Nepal goods.
 Nepali Historians argued that conflict was due to Coins.  Gorkha Regent Bahadur Shah sent letter as excuse for the attack on Tibet to East India Company Governor General that Tibet broke the old treaty.  Gorkha Kingdom asked East India Company not to help Tibet. East India Company did not help any party.
          Gorkha Army attacked on and captured Kerung/ Foryang and Kuti territory of Tibet. After capturing the above, Gorkha attacked on Shikarjong but could not capture the Fort.
In Night, under the leadership of Kaji Damodar Pande, Kaji Dev Dutt Thapa, Captain Bamshah, Captain Nahar Singh, Sardar Prabal Rana and Taksari Nar Singh, Gorkha army attacked on Digarchi city. Gorkha army looted Math and Temples there with cruelty.
  The Lama of Dagrchi was Dharmpita of Chinese King. Chinese King sent his army chief Chun Chun to help Dagrchi. Chun Chun made treaty between Tibet and Gorkha. Tibet had to pay annual tribute for Rupees fifty thousands.
 After one year, Tibet refused to pay tribute. Due to fake Nepali currency /coins from Tibet, Nepal was facing cash crunch. Gorkha were in search of excuses for looting Tibet Temples or Math. 
                      Gorkha up to Kali River
 
 Regent Bahadur Shah married with daughter of Palpa King. After that with Palpa army, Gorkha army led by Damodar Pande, Abhiman Singh, Kaji Jagjit Pande, Prabal Rana, , Subba faujdar Singh attacked on Parvat Rajya  Kingdoms. Gorkha captured Parvat Rajya.
                 Gorkha Army along with Pampa Army captured Gulmi, Chandrakot, Khanchi, Arjunga, Adha, Baklung, Piuthan, Jumla, Accham, Doti   (K.L Pradhan, Thapa Politics in Nepal). Gorkha Army reached to Mahakali River the west of Gorkha Land. 

   
** Read more about Gorkha King Ran Bahadur in next chapter….
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 26/1/2015
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -542
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX

                    Reference
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021 
Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173
XX
History of Gorkha Rule in Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule in Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule in Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule in Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule in Tehri Garhwal, Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule in Uttarkashi Garhwal, Bageshwar Kumaon, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule in Dehradun Garhwal, Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh;
XXX
History of Gorkha Army Looting Tibet Temples and Gorkha capturing and Reaching Kali River; History of Gorkha Army Looting Tibet Temples and Gorkha capturing Accham and Reaching Kali River; History of Gorkha Army Looting Tibet Temples and Gorkha capturing Doti and Reaching Kali River;

स्वच्छ भारत !  स्वच्छ भारत ! बुद्धिमान भारत

Bhishma Kukreti

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      Terror some Effects of Gorkha Expansion on Kumaon and Garhwal

History of Gorkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -23
   
   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -542
 
                        By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)

  The Gorkha rule expansion in Nepal stories, facts and overrated facts were reaching to Kumaon and Garhwal. The stories about cruel methodologies applied by Gorkha force for capturing the Kingdoms of Nepal and terrorizing acts for suppressing the common people by Gorkha army were well known in Kumaon and Garhwal. The rulers and army commanders of Kumaon and Garhwal and Himachal were feeling heat. Those terror stories were creating fear, terror and surprise among rulers and administrators in Kumaon, Garhwal, Bareli and other parts.
                     Kumaon Chand King Mohan Chand having Treaty with Gorkha King

               When Gorkha Kings were expanding their territories in Nepal, Kumaon and Garhwal Kingdoms were facing internal disputes, internal conflicts and many other external disturbances too. In 1786, Mohan Chand defeated Pradyuman Shah in Paligaon battle and Pradyuman Shah had to flee Shrinagar. Harsh Dev Joshi had to take asylum in Shri Nagar. There was huge influence of Joshis and supporters related to Harsh Dev Joshi on common Kumaunis and elites. Mohan Chand was aware that Joshi clans would not permit him to rule Kumaon peacefully. Mohan Chand required external help and support to balance the power of Joshis. Kumaon King Mohan Chand contacted Gorkha Kingdom Regent Bhadur Shah.
           There was a freindly treaty (Dharmptra exchange) between Gorkha King Ran Bhadurshah Bahadur Shamsherjang and Kumaon King Mohan Chand witnessing Dieties Lakshmi Narayan, Badrinath, Kedarnath and Shrikalika in January 1788. The treaty was in Sanskrit stating that the friends of Kumaon would be friends of Grokha and foes of Kumaon would be foes for Grokha and friends of Gorkha would be friends of Kumaon and foes of Gorkha would be foes of Kumaon.(Bhandari- Nepal ko Aitihasik Vivechan page 202).
                  Disturbances in Shrinagar Garhwal

            Pradyuman Shah ruled Kumaon from 1781-84. Now, Kumaon King Mohan Chand was always fearful that Pradyuman Shah would try to capture Kumaon crown from him. Therefore, Mohan Chand had friendship with younger Parakram Shah the younger brother of Pradyuman Shah. After Paligaon battle,  the supporters of Mohan Chand and Parakram Shah argued that since Pradyuman Shah and Harsh dev Joshi were defeated now Mohan Chand was Kumaon King and Parakram Shah was Garhwal King.
         Parakram Shah appointed his own army in Shrinagar and Pradyuman Shah appointed his own army to balance Parakram. There were groups among administrators supporting two power centers. The situation was of civil war in Shrinagar Garhwal around 1788 when Mohan Chand had treaty with Gorkha King.

** Read more about Gorkha King Ran Bahadur in next chapter….
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 28/1/2015
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -543
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX

                    Reference
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021 
Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173
XX
History of Gorkha Rule in Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule in Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule in Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule in Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule in Tehri Garhwal, Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule in Uttarkashi Garhwal, Bageshwar Kumaon, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule in Dehradun Garhwal, Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh;
XXX

स्वच्छ भारत !  स्वच्छ भारत ! बुद्धिमान भारत


Bhishma Kukreti

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                              Aryan Kings Killing Anaryan /Das Kings and People
                                              अनार्य /दास हन्ता आर्य राजा

                                                       History of Haridwar Part  --50   

                                                         हरिद्वार का आदिकाल से सन 1947 तक इतिहास -भाग -50   
                                                                                                             
                                                   इतिहास विद्यार्थी ::: भीष्म कुकरेती   

         ऋग्वेद से ज्ञान मिलता है कि जो भी आर्य नरेश दास /अनार्य जनों पर जितना अधिक अत्त्याचार करते थे उनको  आर्य समाज में उतना ही अधिक सम्मान मिलता था।  मनु , नहुष , मान्धाता , कुत्स , पुरूकुत्स , रिजीस्वा , सेपुत्र आदि आर्य राजाओं को अनार्य /दास जनों पर क्रूर अत्याचार से ही सम्मान व प्रसिद्धि मिली।  आर्य लोग अत्याचारी आर्य नरेश को त्रष -दस्यु (दासों को त्रास दाता ) नाम की उपाधि देते थे ।
         गुफा वासी   दास जाति वीर जातियाँ थीं।
         ऋग्वेद में दास विनाश का श्रेय इंद्र , अग्नि आदि देवों को दिया गया है।  याने कि दास वीर साधारण नही थे।
                         महायुद्ध
           अनार्य या दास वीर जातियां थीं और सैकड़ों साल आर्यों  अनार्यों के मध्य युद्ध चलते रहे।  अनार्य युद्ध में पारंगत थे और रणनीति का उपयोग बखूबी करते थे। दासों के पास असंख्य दुर्ग भी थे।  जब भी आर्यों का अधिक दबाब बढ़ता था अनार्य अपने दुर्ग छोड़ पहाड़ों में फ़ैल जाते थे। समय आने पर अनार्य आर्यों से बदला लेने अचानक आक्रमण कर डालते थे।  ऋग्वेद व अन्य वैदिक साहित्य में दासों को मायावी याने गुरिल्ला जैसे सैन्य संचालन वाला बताया गया है।  इन पर्वतीय जनों की सेना में स्त्रियां भी हथियार लेकर युद्ध लड़ती थीं और आर्य इन  स्त्रियों का उपहास उड़ाते थे।  अनार्यों के पास जादुई तागत का उल्लेख वैदिक साहित्य में किया गया है।  दासों व आर्यों के मध्य चलने वाले युद्ध का स्मरण सैकड़ों साल तक जीवित रहा और महाभारत में इन युद्धों का वर्णन हुआ है।

*संदर्भ - ---
वैदिक इंडेक्स
डा शिव प्रसाद डबराल , उत्तराखंड  इतिहास - भाग -२
राहुल -ऋग्वेदिक आर्य
मजूमदार , पुसलकर , वैदिक एज
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti  Mumbai, India 28 /1/2015
Contact--- bckukreti@gmail.com
History of Haridwar to be continued in  हरिद्वार का आदिकाल से सन 1947 तक इतिहास; बिजनौर इतिहास, सहारनपुर इतिहास  -भाग 51

History of Kankhal, Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Har ki Paidi Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Jwalapur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Telpura Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Sakrauda Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Bhagwanpur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Roorkee, Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Jhabarera Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Manglaur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Laksar; Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Sultanpur,  Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Pathri Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Landhaur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Bahdarabad, Uttarakhand ; Haridwar; History of Narsan Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;History of Bijnor; History of Nazibabad Bijnor ; History of Saharanpur
कनखल , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; तेलपुरा , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; सकरौदा ,  हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; भगवानपुर , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;रुड़की ,हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; झाब्रेरा हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; मंगलौर हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;लक्सर हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;सुल्तानपुर ,हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;पाथरी , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; बहदराबाद , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; लंढौर , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;बिजनौर इतिहास; नगीना ,  बिजनौर इतिहास; नजीबाबाद , नूरपुर , बिजनौर इतिहास;सहारनपुर इतिहास
                       स्वच्छ भारत !  स्वच्छ भारत ! बुद्धिमान भारत



Bhishma Kukreti

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                Fall of Mohan Chand in context History of Gorkha Rule on Kumaon

History of Gorkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -24
   
   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -543
 
                        By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)

                  Mohan Chand did not get relief even after friendly Treaty (Dharmapatra) with Gorkha King and disturbances in Shrinagar Garhwal. Mohan Chand had hired armed forces from Tarai and Bhabhar or Barely promising theme higher salries. However, Mohan Chand could not pay them salary in time. The state treasury was empty. Mohan Chand levied new tax as Manga Kar on people for getting revenues. Mohan Chand tried to collect tax cruelly. He captured the children and women of those families who failed to pay tax. Mohan Chand did not spare even Mahar and Fartyal groups. Mohan Chand collected two lakh rupees. He paid the salaries of hired soldiers. However, people were dissatisfied by his cruel methods.
             Harsh Dev Joshi was busy in getting back Kumaon Kingdom. From limited resources, Harsh Dev Joshi collected Rohila soldiers and other Kumaoni soldiers and attacked on Kumaon. When his army reached to Sitoli and Railkot via Havalbag, Mohan Chand got the information of Harsh Dev March towards Almora. Armies of Mohan Chand and Harsh Dev Joshi fought a fierce battle in Railkot and Sitoli. Harsh Dev Joshi army killed Prince Vishan Singh the eldest  son of Mohan Chand. Harsh Dev Joshi captured Mohan Chand and his brother Lal Singh and kept thm in Prison. Joshi freed Lal Singh and kept Mohan Chand in jail. Mohan Chand died in jail.
         Gorkha Ruler did not help Mohan Chand when he needed the real help.  Harsh Dev requested Pradyuman Shah to return Kumaon to take the Kingdom. However, due to old bitter experiences, Pradyuman Shah refused to come back Almora. Harsh Dev Joshi appointed Shiv Singh as Siv Chand as Kumaon King. Shiv Singh was from Udyot Chand families. However, the subject was unhappy from the acts of Joshis. Harsh Dev Joshi could not make his position stable in Kumaon.
                       Crowning of Mahendra Chand
   At the same time, Mahendra Singh the son of Mohan Chand with the help of Lal Singh and army of Rampur Nabab Faijulla Khan attacked on Kumaon. There was battle at Dhungsil near Bhimtal. The army chief of Shiv Chand was killed in the battle and Kumaon army ran away from battle field. Mahendra Chand captured Kumaon Kingdom. Harsh Dev Joshi ran towards Garhwal. Lal Singh and his army followed him with speed. Harsh Dev army defeated Lal Singh army in Ulkagarh at border of Kumaon and Garhwal. Lal Singh took asylum in a village Chukam. In the mean time, prince Parakram Shah came with army and defeated Harsh Dev Army. Harsh Dev went to Shrinagar. Parakram Shah took Lal Singh and Mahendra Chand to Almora.  Mahendra Chand was crowned by Lal Singh and Parakram Shah on Kumaon Kingdom in 1789. Parakram Shah returned to Shrinagar.
  Now, Lal Singh and Mahendra Chand started suppressing Joshi party. They captured Joshis and put them jail. Many Joshis were killed. The landlord ship was taken back from Joshis.
            Harsh Dev Joshi could not stay  in Shrinagar for long. Harsh Dev Joshi took asylum in Barely under Suberdar Menhadi Ali beg. Barely was under Awadh Nabab. Lal Singh became worried man.
At the same time, Awadh Nabab came to Kheda Bhabhar (east of Kathgodam and Haldwani) for hunting. Lal Singh met the Awadh Nabab there. Lal Singh assured Awadh nabab that Kumaon Kingdom was the Awdh friend. Lal Singh again assured that Kumaon Tarai-Bhabhar would be under Awdh. The Kumaon minister Nand Ram handed over Kumaon Tarai to Awdh Nabab. Awadh nabab assured Lal Singh for help. Lal Singh returned to Almora.
             

** Read more about Gorkha King Ran Bahadur in next chapter….
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 29/1/2015
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -544
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX

                    Reference
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021 
Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173
XX
History of Gorkha Rule in Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule in Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule in Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule in Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule in Tehri Garhwal, Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule in Uttarkashi Garhwal, Bageshwar Kumaon, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Rule in Dehradun Garhwal, Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh;
XXX

स्वच्छ भारत !  स्वच्छ भारत ! बुद्धिमान भारत


Bhishma Kukreti

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                                                   Anary/Das  King Namuchi

                                                  दास नरेश नमुचि

                                                            History of Haridwar Part  --51   

                                                         हरिद्वार का आदिकाल से सन 1947 तक इतिहास -भाग -51   
                                                                                                             
                                                   इतिहास विद्यार्थी ::: भीष्म कुकरेती   


    ऋग्वेद में वर्णित दास नरेशों में महावीर नरेश नमुचि का नाम प्रसिद्ध है जिसे लड़ाकू व उपीडक बताया गया है।
नमुचि आर्य नरेश मनु का समकालीन था। मनु की सेना ने नमुचि से पंजाब की पहाड़ियों के नीचे युद्ध किया था।  मनु का सेनापति सयपुत्र नमी रहा होगा। नमुचि ने सयपुत्र नमी पर तब आक्रमण किया जब वह सोया था।  इंद्र ने नमी की रक्षा की।  मनु ने नमुचि की सर फोड़ कर क्रूर हत्त्या की।  सैकड़ों दासों की भी हत्त्या की गयी।  मनु व सेना को धन धान्य प्राप्त हुआ।
मनु को मानव जाति  पिता कहा गया है।
नमुचि दनु के चौबीस पुत्रों में से एक था। था शंबर , अजक  सहोदर था। ऋग्वेद में इंद्र ने नमुचि वध किया था और महाभारत में इंद्र द्वारा छल से नमुचि का वध किया गया बतलाया गया है।  यह घटना सरस्वती और अरुणा के बीच हुआ जहां इंद्र ने मित्रद्रोह का  पाप धोने स्नान किया था।  अतः कहा जा सकता है कि नमुचि प्रदेश सिरमौर हिमाचल की पहाड़ियों के नीचे था।

*संदर्भ - ---
वैदिक इंडेक्स
डा शिव प्रसाद डबराल , उत्तराखंड  इतिहास - भाग -२
राहुल -ऋग्वेदिक आर्य
मजूमदार , पुसलकर , वैदिक एज
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti  Mumbai, India 28 /1/2015
Contact--- bckukreti@gmail.com
History of Haridwar to be continued in  हरिद्वार का आदिकाल से सन 1947 तक इतिहास; बिजनौर इतिहास, सहारनपुर इतिहास  -भाग 52   

History of Kankhal, Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Har ki Paidi Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Jwalapur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Telpura Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Sakrauda Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Bhagwanpur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Roorkee, Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Jhabarera Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Manglaur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Laksar; Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Sultanpur,  Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Pathri Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Landhaur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Bahdarabad, Uttarakhand ; Haridwar; History of Narsan Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;History of Bijnor; History of Nazibabad Bijnor ; History of Saharanpur
कनखल , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; तेलपुरा , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; सकरौदा ,  हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; भगवानपुर , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;रुड़की ,हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; झाब्रेरा हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; मंगलौर हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;लक्सर हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;सुल्तानपुर ,हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;पाथरी , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; बहदराबाद , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; लंढौर , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;बिजनौर इतिहास; नगीना ,  बिजनौर इतिहास; नजीबाबाद , नूरपुर , बिजनौर इतिहास;सहारनपुर इतिहास
                       स्वच्छ भारत !  स्वच्छ भारत ! बुद्धिमान भारत



 

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