MeraPahad Community Of Uttarakhand Lovers

                 History of Gorkha Capturing Punar Himachal and Ravingarh Garhwal
 
History of Gorkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -49
   
   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -568
 
                        By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)

                History- Resistance to Gorkha Campaign from Punar, Himachal People
          Though Jabbal was called the ruler of Punar but the people never accepted the rule of any King as they did not pay tribute to Jubbal King. Punar had fertile land was prosperous land (Gazette of Shimla Hills 1910A Page 6). Punar people were courageous and expert in looting, killing people. The territory was inaccessible. They could muster 1000 fighters within a hour. They used to apply atrocious means to terrorize neighboring regions. Punar people used guerilla tactics to defend and to attack. Gorkha tried for years to capture Punar but were failure. At last there was fierce battle in Matil, Himachal and Gorkha defeated Punar Fighters. There was hundred of human losses in Matil battle. Gorkha looted , killed the people of Punar with cruel and inhuman methods.
                           Capturing Ravaingarh
   Ravin region was in between Tons and Pawar Rivers. Before Gorkha invasion, Ravain was under Garhwal Kingdom. However, just before Gorkha invasion into Garhwal, Bushehr King Himmat Singh captured Ravaingarh. Jubbal King was also ready for helping Bushahr King. Himmat Singh died before Gorkha invasion in Himachal. Amar Singh Thapa appointed Runa the brother of Himmat Singh  ruler of Bushahar. Ucchwa a son of Himmat Singh was with Gorkha army for capturing Kangda Fort. Ravain Garh came under Gorkha rule as soon as   Gorkha took Bushahr.
               The following couple of lines of a long folk song from Ravain region shows the terror and looting by Gorkha solders along with historical aspect f the area too.
Gorkhyani Lok Geet: Historical Ravanlti Folk Song illustrating Gorkha Repression and Looting

          गोर्ख्याणी/गुर्ख्याणी आतंक-लूटमार  इतिहास दर्शाता रवाँल्टी लोक गीत

(सन्दर्भ: महावीर रंवाल्टा, 2011, उत्तराखंड में रंवाइ क्षेत्र के लोक साहित्य की मौखिक परंपरा, उदगाता, पृष्ठ 48- 56 )   
( इंटरनेट प्रस्तुति  एवं अतिरिक्त व्याखा - भीष्म कुकरेती )


  माट्या पाथी घड़ी
बच्चू वादी बखर्याटु तेमासी न झड़ी
गुल्यारु वादी बडेड़ी लगी सून कू धारु
       When Gorkha rule was over from the area Gorkha soldiers were fleeing from the area. Garhwali and Kumaoni people took revenge against those soldiers who harassed them.  People tied a soldier and the folk song lines describe –

*** History of Gorkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) to be continued …. 50
   
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 1/3//2015
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -568
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX

                    Reference

Atkinson E.T., 1884, 1886 , Gazetteer of  Himalayan Districts …
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021 
Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173
B D pande, Kumaon ka Itihas
Sharma , Nepal kin Aitihasik Rup Rekha
Chaudhari , Anglo  –Nepalese Relations
Pande, Vasudha , Compares Histriographical Traditions of Gorkha Rule in Nepal and Kumaon
Pradhan , Kumar, 1991, The Gorkha Conquests , Oxford University  Press
Minyan Govrdhan Singh , History of Himachal Pradesh
A.P Coleman, 1999, A Special Corps
Captain Thomas Smith, 1852,Narrative of aFive Years Residence at Nepaul Vol.1

XX
History of Gorkha rule over Garhwal, Uttarakhand; History of Gorkha rule over Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History of Gorkha rule over Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha rule over Sirmaur, Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha rule over Kota, Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha rule over Ramgarh, Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha rule over Laharpur, Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha rule over Morani, Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha rule over Pinjor, Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha rule over Jagatgarh, Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Capturing Bushehar Kingdo,  Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha capturing Jubbal Kingdom, Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha capturing Bilsan, Kingdom, Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha capturing Keyonthal Kingdom, Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha capturing Tharoch Kingdom, Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha capturing Ghoond  Kingdom, Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha capturing Kotkhai Kingdom, Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha capturing Thiyog Kingdom, Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha capturing Kotgarh Kingdom, Himachal Pradesh; Gorkha Capturing/winning Hindur, Nalagarh; History Gorkha capturing Solan Himachal Pradesh; History Gorkha capturing Dagsai Himachal Pradesh; History Gorkha capturing Sabathu Himachal Pradesh; History of Gorkha Capturing Keonthal/ Kyonthal, Himachal Pradesh; History Gorkha Capturing Punar, Himachal; History Gorkha Battle Matil, Punar,  Himachal; History of  Gorkha Capturing Ravingarh, Garhwal. 
 

XXX
स्वच्छ भारत !  स्वच्छ भारत ! बुद्धिमान भारत

              History Aspects of Shakuntala with reference History of Haridwar, Bijnor, Saharanpur


                                            हरिद्वार,  बिजनौर , सहारनपुर इतिहास संदर्भ में शकुंतला का पौराणिक वर्णन

                                                  History of Haridwar, Bijnor, Saharanpur  Part  --70   

                                             हरिद्वार,  बिजनौर , सहारनपुर का आदिकाल से सन 1947 तक इतिहास -भाग -70

                                                                   इतिहास विद्यार्थी ::: भीष्म कुकरेती


            शकुंतला ब्रह्मर्षि विश्वामित्र व अप्सरा की पुत्री मेनका की पुत्री थी जिसका पालन पोषण महर्षि कण्व आश्रम में कण्व की देखरेख में हुआ।  कण्वाश्रम मालनी नदी के तट पर था । मालनी नदी गढ़वाल से बिजनौर के नजीबाबाद के पश्चिम में बहकर गंगा से मिल जाती है।  यही कारण है कि शकुंतला को गढ़वाल व बिजनौर के पौराणिक इतिहास से जोड़ा जाता है। ऐसा माना जाता है कि शकुंतला का बचपन भाभर में बीता और यह भाभर बिजनौर , हरिद्वार और गढ़वाल तीनो क्षेत्र का हिस्सा है।
कण्व मुनि तब आश्रम में नही थे जब एक बार राजा दुष्यंत भाभर में वन आखेट हेतु आया और उसकी भेंट शकुंतला से हो गयो।  दोनों को प्रेम हो गया।  तुरंत गन्धर्व विवाह में दुष्यंत ने शकुंतला को अंगूठी भेंट की।  कुछ दिन शकुंतला के साथ विताने के वाद दुष्यंत अपने राज्य की और चला गया।
कण्व ऋषि को भी दोनों के गन्धर्व विवाह की बात पता चल गयी थी।
शकुंतला से भरत नाम का पुत्र हुआ।  शकुंतला पुत्र सहित दुष्यंत की रजधानी पंहुची।  अंगूठी खो जाने से दुष्यंत ने शकुंतला को पहचानने से मना कर दिया।  अंत में आकाशवाणी होने से दुष्यंत ने शकुंतला को पहचाना।  शकुंतला -दुष्यंत पुत्र भरत बड़ा पराक्रमी व वीर राजा हुआ और जिसके नाम से जम्बूद्वीप का नाम भारत पड़ा।


** संदर्भ - ---
वैदिक इंडेक्स
डा शिव प्रसाद डबराल , उत्तराखंड  इतिहास - भाग -२
राहुल -ऋग्वेदिक आर्य
मजूमदार , पुसलकर , वैदिक एज
घोषाल , स्टडीज इन इंडियन हिस्ट्री ऐंड कल्चर
आर के पुर्थि , द एपिक सिवलीजिसन

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti  Mumbai, India  2/3/15 /2015

   History of Haridwar, Bijnor, Saharanpur  to be continued Part  --71

 हरिद्वार,  बिजनौर , सहारनपुर का आदिकाल से सन 1947 तक इतिहास  to be continued -भाग -71
   
History of Kankhal, Haridwar, Uttarakhand  Dushyant  -Shakuntala ; History of Har ki Paidi Haridwar, Uttarakhand Dushyant  -Shakuntala ; History of Jwalapur Haridwar, Uttarakhand Dushyant  -Shakuntala ; History of Telpura Haridwar, Uttarakhand Dushyant  -Shakuntala ; History of Sakrauda Haridwar, Uttarakhand Dushyant  -Shakuntala ; History of Bhagwanpur Haridwar, Uttarakhand Dushyant  -Shakuntala ; History of Roorkee, Haridwar, Uttarakhand Dushyant  -Shakuntala ; History of Jhabarera Haridwar, Uttarakhand Dushyant  -Shakuntala ; History of Manglaur Haridwar, Uttarakhand Dushyant  -Shakuntala ; History of Laksar; Haridwar, Uttarakhand Dushyant  -Shakuntala ; History of Sultanpur,  Haridwar, Uttarakhand Dushyant  -Shakuntala ; History of Pathri Haridwar, Uttarakhand Dushyant  -Shakuntala ; History of Landhaur Haridwar, Uttarakhand Dushyant  -Shakuntala ; History of Bahdarabad, Uttarakhand Dushyant  -Shakuntala ; Haridwar; History of Narsan Haridwar, Uttarakhand Dushyant  -Shakuntala ;History of Bijnor; History of Nazibabad Bijnor Dushyant  -Shakuntala ; History of Saharanpur Dushyant  -Shakuntala ;
History of Nakur , Saharanpur; History of Deoband, Saharanpur; History of Badhsharbaugh , Saharanpur; कनखल , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; तेलपुरा , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; सकरौदा ,  हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; भगवानपुर , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;रुड़की ,हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; झाब्रेरा हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; मंगलौर हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;लक्सर हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;सुल्तानपुर ,हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;पाथरी , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; बहदराबाद , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; लंढौर , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;बिजनौर इतिहास; नगीना ,  बिजनौर इतिहास; नजीबाबाद , नूरपुर , बिजनौर इतिहास;सहारनपुर इतिहास
                       स्वच्छ भारत !  स्वच्छ भारत ! बुद्धिमान भारत
--

            History: Kangra King Sansar Chand Expanding his Kingdom

History of Gorkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -52
   
   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -571
 
                        By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)
         Kangra Kingdom was one the strongest Kingdoms of today’s Himachal Pradesh at the time of Gorkha invasion in Kumaon and Garhwal. Kangra King Sansar Chand Katoch was strongest Kings at that time. His grandfather Ghamand Chand Katoch expanded the territory in between Ravi and Sutlej Rivers. Ghamand Katoch snatched the northern part, Chauki and Palam of Kutlairgarh and Forts of Padhiyar Garh.  However, Kangra King was failure in getting back Kangra Fort from Mughal. Ghamand Singh Katoch had huge army of Rohilas, Afghan and Rajputs. Ghamand Chand Katoch established a city Sujanpur at the bank of Vyas River Ghamand Chand Katoch also built forts and palaces in Tora Hills.
          In 1788, Sikh Army of Jay Singh of Kanhaya Misal  and Kangra combined army captured Kangra Fort from Mughal. Jay Singh captured Kangra Fort diplomatically. Sansar Chand started attacking on Jay Singh kingdom and started looting the territories. Jay Singh had to return Kangra Fort to Sansar Chand.
 After getting back Kangra Fort, Sansar Chand compelled 11 nearby Kings of Kangra to be under Kangra Kingdom. He ordered those 11 Kings to attend court for offering tribute to Kangra Kingdom. Sansar Chand also compelled those Kings to help him in his winning spree.
 After taking charge of 22 Hill petty Kingdoms, Sansar Chand started expanding to south of Kangra. Sansar Chand attacked twice on Hoshiyarpur and Bijwada. However, Raja ran Jit Singh defeated Sansar Chand both the times.
Sansar Cahdn captured complete territory of Kurail Kingdom a hill kingdom. The hill kings were unhappy by acts of Sansar Chand capturing smaller Kingdoms. Sansar Chand insulted by all means those 11 kings.
Those 11 kings united and decided to take help of Gorkha Regime. They sent Maha Chand of Kahlur whose kingdom was snatched by Sansar Chand to meet Amar Singh Thapa.
 It was decided that when Amar Singh Thapa and his army would camped in Kangra territory by crossing Sutlej River, the Kings of Guler, Jasvan, Datarpur, Seeba, Chamba, Suket, Nurpur, Bisauli, Kutlair, and Kahlur with their army would come to help Amar Singh Thapa for capturing Kangra Kingdom.

*** History of Gorkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) to be continued …. 52
   
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 4/3//2015
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -572
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX

                    Reference

Atkinson E.T., 1884, 1886 , Gazetteer of  Himalayan Districts …
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021 
Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173
B D pande, Kumaon ka Itihas
Sharma , Nepal kin Aitihasik Rup Rekha
Chaudhari , Anglo  –Nepalese Relations
Pande, Vasudha , Compares Histriographical Traditions of Gorkha Rule in Nepal and Kumaon
Pradhan , Kumar, 1991, The Gorkha Conquests , Oxford University  Press
Minyan Govrdhan Singh , History of Himachal Pradesh
A.P Coleman, 1999, A Special Corps
Captain Thomas Smith, 1852,Narrative of aFive Years Residence at Nepaul Vol.1

XX
  History: Kangra King Sansar Chand Expanding his Kingdom in of Guler, Jasvan, Datarpur, Seeba, Chamba, Suket, Nurpur, Bisauli, Kutlair, and Kahlur, Himachal Hills; History of Guler, Himachal, History of Jasvan, Himachal; History of Datarpur, Himachal; History of Seeba, Himachal; History of Chamba, Himachal; History of Suket, History of Nurpur, Himachal; History of Bisauli, Himachal; History of Kutlair, Himachal; and History of Kahlur in context History Gorkha Rule over Himachal
XXX
स्वच्छ भारत !  स्वच्छ भारत ! बुद्धिमान भारत

                         Bhardwaj Sage in context   History of Haridwar, Bijnor, Saharanpur


                                                  हरिद्वार,  बिजनौर , सहारनपुर  इतिहास संदर्भ में भारद्वाज ऋषि

                                                History of Haridwar, Bijnor, Saharanpur  Part  --72   

                                             हरिद्वार,  बिजनौर , सहारनपुर का आदिकाल से सन 1947 तक इतिहास -भाग -72

                                                                   इतिहास विद्यार्थी ::: भीष्म कुकरेती
महाभारत में रामायण आख्यान में भारद्वाज का वर्णन  मिलता है। ऋग्वेद में भी भारद्वाज का उल्लेख मिलता है।
 महाभारत अनुसार भारद्वाज का आश्रम गंगाद्वार (हरिद्वार ?) में था. यहीं घृताची अप्सरा के कारण उनका अयोनिज पुत्र द्रोण का जन्म हुआ (आदिपर्व )। महाभारत में द्रोण को द्रोणी यानी कलश से पैदा बताया गया है। किन्तु द्रोण याने घाटी (देहरादून ) में पैदा होना अधिक तर्कपूर्ण है।  महाभारत में गंगाद्वार के निकट भाभर प्रदेश के लिए द्रोणी शब्द का प्रयोग मिलता है - भद्रमित्रस्य द्रोणीघाटे (शुंगकालीन लिपि में देहरादून से प्राप्त मुद्रालेख ).
भारद्वाज व उनके वंशजों का संबंध गंगाद्वार /हरिद्वार से चिरकाल तक रहा।
भारद्वाज आश्रम होने के कारण गंगाद्वार जनपद को भारद्वाज जनपद कहा जाने लगा था (आदिपर्व व भीष्म पर्व , महाभारत )

** संदर्भ - ---
वैदिक इंडेक्स
डा शिव प्रसाद डबराल , उत्तराखंड  इतिहास - भाग -२
राहुल -ऋग्वेदिक आर्य
मजूमदार , पुसलकर , वैदिक एज
घोषाल , स्टडीज इन इंडियन हिस्ट्री ऐंड कल्चर
आर के पुर्थि , द एपिक सिवलीजिसन

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti  Mumbai, India  5/3/15/2015

   History of Haridwar, Bijnor, Saharanpur  to be continued Part  --73

 हरिद्वार,  बिजनौर , सहारनपुर का आदिकाल से सन 1947 तक इतिहास  to be continued -भाग -73

   
History of Kankhal, Haridwar, Uttarakhand Bhardwaj Sage; History of Har ki Paidi Haridwar, Uttarakhand Bhardwaj Sage; History of Jwalapur Haridwar, Uttarakhand Bhardwaj Sage; History of Telpura Haridwar, Uttarakhand Bhardwaj Sage; History of Sakrauda Haridwar, Uttarakhand Bhardwaj Sage; History of Bhagwanpur Haridwar, Uttarakhand Bhardwaj Sage; History of Roorkee, Haridwar, Uttarakhand Bhardwaj Sage; History of Jhabarera Haridwar, Uttarakhand Bhardwaj Sage; History of Manglaur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Laksar; Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Sultanpur,  Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Pathri Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Landhaur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; History of Bahdarabad, Uttarakhand ; Haridwar; History of Narsan Haridwar, Uttarakhand Bhardwaj Sage;History of Bijnor; History of Nazibabad Bijnor Bhardwaj Sage; History of Saharanpur Bhardwaj Sage;
History of Nakur , Saharanpur Bhardwaj Sage ; History of Deoband, Saharanpur; History of Badhsharbaugh , Saharanpur;
कनखल , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; तेलपुरा , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; सकरौदा ,  हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; भगवानपुर , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;रुड़की ,हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; झाब्रेरा हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; मंगलौर हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;लक्सर हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;सुल्तानपुर ,हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;पाथरी , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; बहदराबाद , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; लंढौर , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;बिजनौर इतिहास; नगीना ,  बिजनौर इतिहास; नजीबाबाद , नूरपुर , बिजनौर इतिहास;सहारनपुर इतिहास
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         History: Gurkha /Gorkha’s Second Attack on Kangra Fort

History of Gorkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -55
   
   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -574
 
                        By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)
            When Amar Singh could not capture Kangra Fort in first attempt , Gurkha Prime Minster Bhim Sen Thapa sent another Army led by his bother Nain Singh Thapa from Nepal. The said army marched from Nepal via Kumaon, Garhwal, Keonthyul, Hindour, Kehlur. The army looted villages coming on its way to Kangra. People of the villages of way fled into Forest for protection from Nepal Army. Amar Singh was under obligation by taking bribe from Sansar Chand and left a few roads for food and other material supply to Kangra Fort. Nain Singh Thapa closed all the paths reaching to Kangra Fort. Nain Singh Thapa saw that no supply reached inside Kangra Fort. Though , it wass adi that Sansar Cahnd kept materials for twelve years inside the Fort.  Nain Singh Army were spread surrounding the Kangra Fort from all sides and kangra army could not dare to attack on Gurkha Army. Sanasar Cahhnd decided to leave the Fort in night.
              Amar Singh Thapa was frustrated by attacks of Nain Singh Thapa. He was worried that if Nain Singh capture Kangra Fort , his reputation would diminish  before reputation of Nain Singh Thapa. Amar Singh Thapa sent a secret letter to Sansar Chand not to worry as he would not help Nain Singh.
 Nain Singh ha deep desire that he won Kangra Fort and enhance his reputation as was of Amar Singh Thapa. He asked his force to attack on Kangra Fort with speed.However, Amar Singh Thapa suggested him to be careful before the Gun fires from Kangra Fort Army. Amar Singh Thapa and his supporters did not help Nain Singh Thapa.
 Nain Singh with his army reached near the Fort and would have captured the Fort within short time. However a Gun thrown by Kangra Army exploded on his body. There was chaos in Nain Singh Army. Kangra Army cried that Nain Singh Thapa was dead. Nain Singh stood up but his body was bleeding. The doctors did their best to save Nain Singh Thapa but Nain Singh died after three days of fatal injury by gun explosion. 
 Amar Singh Thapa was happy and sad. He was happy that Nain Singh died by sad because Nain Singh was his family relative too. Now, Amar Singh was conscious that Nepal adminsitratoions would know his breach to Nain Singh and Gurkha army.

*** History of Gorkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) to be continued …. 56
   
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 7/3//2015
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -575
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
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                    Reference

Atkinson E.T., 1884, 1886 , Gazetteer of  Himalayan Districts …
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021 
Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173
B D pande, Kumaon ka Itihas
Sharma , Nepal kin Aitihasik Rup Rekha
Chaudhari , Anglo  –Nepalese Relations
Pande, Vasudha , Compares Histriographical Traditions of Gorkha Rule in Nepal and Kumaon
Pradhan , Kumar, 1991, The Gorkha Conquests , Oxford University  Press
Minyan Govrdhan Singh , History of Himachal Pradesh
A.P Coleman, 1999, A Special Corps
Captain Thomas Smith, 1852,Narrative of aFive Years Residence at Nepaul Vol.1

XXX
History Gorkha/Gurkha capturing Kangra, Himachal; History Gorkha/Gurkha capturing Kangra, Himachal by crossing Sutlej; History Gorkha/Gurkha capturing Mahalmoriya Kangra, Himachal; History Gorkha/Gurkha capturing Teeera Sujanpur Kangra, Himachal; History Gorkha/Gurkha capturing Nadaun, Kangra, Himachal; History Gorkha/Gurkha capturing Nadaun Fort Kangra, Himachal; History Gorkha/Gurkha Freeing Kutalid Kingdom from Sansar Chand, Himachal; History part of Jwalamukhi, History of Looting in Kangra Villages by Gorkha, Opression by Gorkha army in kangra Kingdom


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