MeraPahad Community Of Uttarakhand Lovers

         History Analysis: Missing of Mola Ram/Maula Ram Manuscripts
History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Garhwal -2

History of Gorkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -67
   
   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -586
 
                        By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)

                Maularam/ Mola Ram was a poet, painter and historian who penned down three rules – Shah Rule, Gurkha/Gorkha Rule and British Rule on Garhwal and about other contemporary personalities. Dr Dabral referred Mola Ram /Maula Ram Gorkha and last Shah Period history, Gurkha and early British Rule abundantly. Dr S.P Dabral and his son Dr Vinay Dabral also did research on and edited his book Garhrajvanshkavya and published in 1977. Learned History scholar Dr Ajay Rawat published Ganika Natika or Garh Gita in 1975.
In a note on Internet (Third Inning) , Dr Tolia mentioned that Dr Dwarika Prasad met  Dr Dwarika Prasad Tomar descendent of Mola Ram/Maula Ram and had an opportunity  see the following  texts–
Mola Ram /Maula Ram Granthvali
Chaturmas Shringar Varnan
Uttarakhand Teerth Mahatamaya
Samudrik Bhasha Gyan
Baramasi Varnan
Manmanth Panth
Manmanth Panth Nirman
Manmanth sagar
Gyanmrit Kavya
IShwar Mahima






 His book Garhrajvanshkavya and Ranbahadurchandrika m, Shamsherjangchandrika offer many insights about Garhwal History.
                   However, Dr Dabral informed that a few or six manuscripts of Mola Ram /Maula Ram are missing. Dr Dabral visited a scholar Budhi Vallabh Thapliyal for Mola Ram /Maula Ram manuscripts. Budhi Vallabh Thapliya got seven poetic Moa Ram /Maula Ram manuscripts including Manmantha Sagar from Baijnath Tomar, Shrinagar the grandson of Mola Ram /Maula Ram in1947. In 1948, Thaplaiyal exhibited those manuscripts in Pauri City. The poetries were written on Pahadi Kagaj (Hill Paper) and black ink. On 7th May 1972, Thapliyal informed Dr Dabral that since, there were some mistakes (spelling point of view) in manuscripts, Thapliyal handed over the manuscript to Gairola an Archeological Chemist of Archeological Department. Thapliyal wanted to check the authenticity of age of ink and paper. Gairola informed to Thapliyal that a person took those manuscripts. When Dr Dabral published Gurkhyani (Uttarakhand ka Itihas -5) , Gairola shifted to Bangkok. 
 There was historical account of Garhwal in Manmanthsagar.
Dr Dabral again offer another important information that When Gurkha/Gorkha commander Kaji Bakhtawar Singh Basnyat reached to Shrinagar in 1810, he met Mola Ram /Maula Ram. Basnyat heard the un- bias historic accounts in poetic form from Mola Ram/ Maula Ram. Basnyat was pleased and he offered gifts to Maula Ram / Mola Ram. Dr Dabral mentioned that Mola Ram /Maula Ram created a long poetry as ‘Bakhtawar –Yes-Chandrika’ and there were accounts about Gorkha Rule history in Garhwal.
                 Miscellaneous Sources of getting information for Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Garhwal
Travelogues – Many tourists as Captain Ripper, Lieutenant Veb, Captain Hiyarse, Colebrook, Moorcroft,   Rutherford, Hansson etc travelled various parts of Garhwal in Gurkha or in Britihs period and offered historical information.
   Historians get information from various archeological museums and history museums too.
 



** History, Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Garhwal...Remaining part, read in next chapter
*** History of Gorkha/Gurkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) to be continued -67

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 19/3//2015
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -587
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX
                    Reference

Atkinson E.T., 1884, 1886 , Gazetteer of  Himalayan Districts …
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021 
Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173
B D pande, Kumaon ka Itihas
Sharma , Nepal kin Aitihasik Rup Rekha
Chaudhari , Anglo  –Nepalese Relations
Pande, Vasudha , Compares Histriographical Traditions of Gorkha Rule in Nepal and Kumaon
Pradhan , Kumar, 1991, The Gorkha Conquests , Oxford University  Press
Minyan Govrdhan Singh , History of Himachal Pradesh
A.P Coleman, 1999, A Special Corps
Captain Thomas Smith, 1852,Narrative of aFive Years Residence at Nepaul Vol.1
Maularm , Ranbahadurchandrika and Garhrajvanshkavya

XXX
Nepal Itihas, Garhwal Itihas, Kumaon Itihas, Himachal Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha ks kumson psr Adhikar Itihas , Gurkha/Gorkha Garhwal par Shasan Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Kumaon, Garhwal Uttarakhand; History Gurkha/Gorkha  Rule in Himachal, Uttarakhand;कुमाऊं , उत्तराखंड का इतिहास ; गढ़वाल , उत्तराखंड का इतिहास ; डोटी , पूर्व उत्तराखंड का इतिहास ;गोरखाओं /गुर्खाओं का कुमाऊं पर अधिकार इतिहास ; गोरखाओं /गुर्खाओं का गढ़वाल पर अधिकार इतिहास ; गोरखाओं /गुर्खाओं का हिमाचल पर अधिकार इतिहास ; गोरखाओं /गुर्खाओं का  इतिहास ; नेपाल इतिहास
Xx
History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Garhwal; History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Pauri Garhwal; History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Chamoli Garhwal; History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Rudraprayag Garhwal; History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Tehri Garhwal; History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Uttarkashi Garhwal; History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Dehradun Garhwal;
                          ::: ====स्वच्छ भारत!  स्वच्छ भारत ! बुद्धिमान भारत====:::

             History:  Gurkha/Gorkha Army Administration in Garhwal

History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Garhwal -3

History of Gorkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -68
   
   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -587
 
                        By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)
    Gurkha/Gorkha rule in Kumaon or Garhwal was virtually an Army Rule.
 In Garhwal, there were three battalions in Gurkha/Gorkha Army. Under each Gurkha/Gorkha battalion there were five companies (Garkh). The treasurer used to pay the ‘Bali’(Salary) of soldiers.
 According to letter of Bhakti Thapa to Dhangu Kamin 9Incharge of Dhangu Region) of March 1807, there were twenty five soldiers in Dhangu and Gurkha/Gorkha administrator used to collect ‘Bali’ (Salary) for twenty five soldiers (From Thokadr Awtar Singh Rawt private collection). Kamin used to collect salary or tax from people or Padhan etc and used to deposit in Sardar or Regional Commander. There was no hearing for delayed deposit for tax.  As soon as Sardar leetr was reached to Kamin he was compelled to deposit tax. In case of delay, Soldiers were free to sell the persons as slave.
   The difference between Kumaon and Garhwal administration was that since, Kumaon regional Thakdar , Jamindar of Padhan etc became supporters of Gurkha/Gorkha immediately after the entry of Gurkha/Gorkha in Kumaon and Gurkha/Gorkha administers did not get resistance. Therefore, Gurkha/Gorkha were soft on Kumaunis. However, Garhwalis resisted the entry of Gurkha/Gorkha for twelve years and did not support Gurkha/Gorkha rule till Gurkha/Gorkha were not gone from Garhwal. Therefore, Gurkha/Gorkha were more cruel on Garhwalis than Kumaunis. There was not amicable communication between the ruler and ruled one in Garhwal.

** History, Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Garhwal...Remaining part, read in next chapter
*** History of Gorkha/Gurkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) to be continued -69

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 20/3//2015
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -588
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX
                    Reference

Atkinson E.T., 1884, 1886 , Gazetteer of  Himalayan Districts …
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021 
Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173
B D pande, Kumaon ka Itihas
Sharma , Nepal kin Aitihasik Rup Rekha
Chaudhari , Anglo  –Nepalese Relations
Pande, Vasudha , Compares Histriographical Traditions of Gorkha Rule in Nepal and Kumaon
Pradhan , Kumar, 1991, The Gorkha Conquests , Oxford University  Press
Minyan Govrdhan Singh , History of Himachal Pradesh
A.P Coleman, 1999, A Special Corps
Captain Thomas Smith, 1852,Narrative of aFive Years Residence at Nepaul Vol.1
Maula Ram/Mola Ram  , Ranbahadurchandrika and Garhrajvanshkavya

XXX
Nepal Itihas, Garhwal Itihas, Kumaon Itihas, Himachal Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha ks kumson psr Adhikar Itihas , Gurkha/Gorkha Garhwal par Shasan Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Kumaon, Garhwal Uttarakhand; History Gurkha/Gorkha  Rule in Himachal, Uttarakhand;कुमाऊं , उत्तराखंड का इतिहास ; गढ़वाल , उत्तराखंड का इतिहास ; डोटी , पूर्व उत्तराखंड का इतिहास ;गोरखाओं /गुर्खाओं का कुमाऊं पर अधिकार इतिहास ; गोरखाओं /गुर्खाओं का गढ़वाल पर अधिकार इतिहास ; गोरखाओं /गुर्खाओं का हिमाचल पर अधिकार इतिहास ; गोरखाओं /गुर्खाओं का  इतिहास ; नेपाल इतिहास
Xx
History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Garhwal; History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Pauri Garhwal; History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Chamoli Garhwal; History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Rudraprayag Garhwal; History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Tehri Garhwal; History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Uttarkashi Garhwal; History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Dehradun Garhwal; 
History:  Gurkha/Gorkha Army Administration in Old Pauri Garhwal , History:  Gurkha/Gorkha Army Administration in Old Tehri Garhwal,      History:  Gurkha/Gorkha Army Administration in Dehradun, Garhwal

 

                          ::: ====स्वच्छ भारत!  स्वच्छ भारत ! बुद्धिमान भारत====:::

 History: Judiciary and Executive Gurkha/ Gorkha Administrative Officers in Garhwal

History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Garhwal -4

History of Gorkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -69
   
   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -588
 
                        By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)

     Higher cadres from Gurkha/Gorkha Army and administration were busy in Himachal after winning Garhwal. Therefore, Gurkha appointed representatives for micro administration in Kumaon and Garhwal. There were Vichari (Judiciary) and ‘Achari (Executives) officers appointed for Gurkha /Gorkha micro administration in Garhwal. According to Atkinson, these judiciary and executive officers used their power autocratically. There was no ethical supervision over those judiciary and executive officers from Nepal.
 Nepotism appointment was a custom in Nepal for administrating Garhwal. The higher officers used to appoint his sons, son in law or other relatives and Nepal court was encouraging such custom. That custom was helping Nepal court for having homogenous system for tight Administration and faithful administration towards Nepal court. 

                         Civil and Army Officers
  There was no differentiating rule for looking after civil administration and army administration. Mostly, the Gurkha /Gorkha administrator has to be a fighter as most of the time he had to be ready for fighting. There was no rule for looking after each and every department separately. Tax collection and suppressing the subject were main jobs for each officer. Nepal court did not use to communicate its officers for society oriented administration. There was internal revelry among administrators. They used to send true or false report against their rival. Overlapping ruling or administrative system was very common. Many times, an administrator used to levy tax or punishment and rival group or the administrator used to revert the decision. There were also not any specific instructions for administrators from Nepal court for dealing foreign agencies.
                  Garhwal as Exclusive Unit under Gurkha/Gorkha Rule
  Garhwal was exclusive unit for Gurkha/Gorkha administration. Kumaon was separate administrative unit.
There were following administrative divisions for Garhwal-
Shrinagar
Dhangu or Langur (South Garhwal)
Kainyur (Chanpur)
Doon and Tehri were under the above divisions.
Shrinagar was head quarter for Garhwal administration.

** History, Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Garhwal...Remaining part, read in next chapter
*** History of Gorkha/Gurkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) to be continued -69

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 21/3//2015
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -589
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX
                    Reference

Atkinson E.T., 1884, 1886 , Gazetteer of  Himalayan Districts …
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021 
Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173
B D pande, Kumaon ka Itihas
Sharma , Nepal kin Aitihasik Rup Rekha
Chaudhari , Anglo  –Nepalese Relations
Pande, Vasudha , Compares Histriographical Traditions of Gorkha Rule in Nepal and Kumaon
Pradhan , Kumar, 1991, The Gorkha Conquests , Oxford University  Press
Minyan Govrdhan Singh , History of Himachal Pradesh
A.P Coleman, 1999, A Special Corps
Captain Thomas Smith, 1852,Narrative of aFive Years Residence at Nepaul Vol.1
Maula Ram/Mola Ram  , Ranbahadurchandrika and Garhrajvanshkavya

XXX
Nepal Itihas, Garhwal Itihas, Kumaon Itihas, Himachal Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha ks kumson psr Adhikar Itihas , Gurkha/Gorkha Garhwal par Shasan Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Kumaon, Garhwal Uttarakhand; History Gurkha/Gorkha  Rule in Himachal, Uttarakhand;कुमाऊं , उत्तराखंड का इतिहास ; गढ़वाल , उत्तराखंड का इतिहास ; डोटी , पूर्व उत्तराखंड का इतिहास ;गोरखाओं /गुर्खाओं का कुमाऊं पर अधिकार इतिहास ; गोरखाओं /गुर्खाओं का गढ़वाल पर अधिकार इतिहास ; गोरखाओं /गुर्खाओं का हिमाचल पर अधिकार इतिहास ; गोरखाओं /गुर्खाओं का  इतिहास ; नेपाल इतिहास
Xx
History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Garhwal; History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Pauri Garhwal; History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Chamoli Garhwal; History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Rudraprayag Garhwal; History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Tehri Garhwal; History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Uttarkashi Garhwal; History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Dehradun Garhwal; 
History:  Gurkha/Gorkha Army Administration in Old Pauri Garhwal , History:  Gurkha/Gorkha Army Administration in Old Tehri Garhwal,      History:  Gurkha/Gorkha Army Administration in Dehradun, Garhwal; History: Judiciary and Executive Gurkha/ Gorkha Administrative Officers in Garhwal; History: Judiciary and Executive Gurkha/ Gorkha Administrative Officers in Old Pauri Garhwal; History: Judiciary and Executive Gurkha/ Gorkha Administrative Officers in Tehri Garhwal; History: Judiciary and Executive Gurkha/ Gorkha Administrative Officers in Dehradun Garhwal; History: Judiciary and Executive Gurkha/ Gorkha Administrative Officers in Kumaon 
                          ::: ====स्वच्छ भारत!  स्वच्छ भारत ! बुद्धिमान भारत====:::

  History: Army Administration of Gurkha/Gorkha Commander Amar Singh Thapa 

History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Garhwal - 5
History of Gorkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -70
   
   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -589
 
                        By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)
 
     After returning from Banaras, Regent or King Ran Bahadur appointed Amar Singh Thapa the commander for capturing west of hills Garhwal, Himachal. Amar Singh Thapa was brave, courageous and used to believe on working by planning and strategies. Amar Singh Thapa had a special place in Nepal History.
 From 1804 to 1815, Gurkha/Gorkha commander Amar Singh Thapa was Commander for Nepal from West of Kali River-Kumaon, Garhwal and Himachal (east of Sutlej). The Provincial Governor or Subba used to report him for major decision.  Nepal court used to offer Jagir to administrators of Kumaon, Garhwal and Himachal as per advices of Amar Singh Thapa.
                       Nayab, Senapati or Army Chief
   When in 1804, Gurkha/Gorkha Army was busty to capture Garhwal, Dehradun and demolishing King Pradyuman Shah, Amar Singh Thapa was Chief of Army staff of Kumaon and Garhwal.
   Under Amar Singh Thapa, Hastidal Chautariya was Nayab Subba (Governor) and Kaji Randhir Singh Basnyat as Senapati Army Commander.
  Dr Dabral got two letters each from Hastidal Chautariya and Kaji Ran Dhir Singh Basnyat sent to Jamindars of Sanglakoti.
 There were major reasons for deputing Hastidal Chautariya and other Chautariyas or relatives to Garhwal and Himachal. There was fierce revelry between Thapa and Chautariya groups for Nepal Court Administration as Kings became weak. Sherbahadur killed Ranbahadur. Bhimsen Thapa got opportunity to destroy Chautariya group. Bhimsen Thapa killed few Chautariyas. However, it was not possible to kill all Chautariyas.  Bhimsen Thapa took Jagirs (Land ) from Chautariyas and disestablished them from various posts. However, Chautariyas were also strong and they had strong says in the country.
 There was chance of revolt by killing Bamshah (brother of Ranbahadur) and his brothers Hastidal Chautariya and Rudravir. Therefore, Prime Minister Bhimsen Thapa sent Hastidal Chautariya and Rudravir for Garhwal and Himachal Campaigns. Since, Amar Singh Thapa was there to look after , there was no chance of Chautariyas and other to revolt against Bhimsen Thapa.
   Due to constant attacks by Gorkha, the subjects of Salan (South Garhwal) were afraid of Gurkha/Gorkha and even after capturing Garhwal; Gurkha/Gorkha did not stop their suppressing and cruel methods of administration. The same was case in Dehradun after Gurkha rule started. People ran away towards plains and the land became barren as no people were ready for farming. Amar Singh Thapa took initiatives for improving the worsening situation.



** History, Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Garhwal...Remaining part, read in next chapter
*** History of Gorkha/Gurkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) to be continued -71

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 22/3//2015
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -590
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX
                    Reference

Atkinson E.T., 1884, 1886 , Gazetteer of  Himalayan Districts …
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021 
Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173
B D pande, Kumaon ka Itihas
Sharma , Nepal ko Aitihasik Rup Rekha
Chaudhari , Anglo  –Nepalese Relations
Pande, Vasudha , Compares Histriographical Traditions of Gorkha Rule in Nepal and Kumaon
Pradhan , Kumar, 1991, The Gorkha Conquests , Oxford University  Press
Minyan Govrdhan Singh , History of Himachal Pradesh
A.P Coleman, 1999, A Special Corps
Captain Thomas Smith, 1852,Narrative of aFive Years Residence at Nepaul Vol.1
Maula Ram/Mola Ram  , Ranbahadurchandrika and Garhrajvanshkavya

XXX
Nepal Itihas, Garhwal Itihas, Kumaon Itihas, Himachal Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha ks kumson psr Adhikar Itihas , Gurkha/Gorkha Garhwal par Shasan Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Kumaon, Garhwal Uttarakhand; History Gurkha/Gorkha  Rule in Himachal, Uttarakhand;कुमाऊं , उत्तराखंड का इतिहास ; गढ़वाल , उत्तराखंड का इतिहास ; डोटी , पूर्व उत्तराखंड का इतिहास ;गोरखाओं /गुर्खाओं का कुमाऊं पर अधिकार इतिहास ; गोरखाओं /गुर्खाओं का गढ़वाल पर अधिकार इतिहास ; गोरखाओं /गुर्खाओं का हिमाचल पर अधिकार इतिहास ; गोरखाओं /गुर्खाओं का  इतिहास ; नेपाल इतिहास
Xx
History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Garhwal; History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Pauri Garhwal; History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Chamoli Garhwal; History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Rudraprayag Garhwal; History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Tehri Garhwal; History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Uttarkashi Garhwal; History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Dehradun Garhwal; 
History:  Gurkha/Gorkha Army Administration in Old Pauri Garhwal , History:  Gurkha/Gorkha Army Administration in Old Tehri Garhwal,      History:  Gurkha/Gorkha Army Administration in Dehradun, Garhwal; History: Judiciary and Executive Gurkha/ Gorkha Administrative Officers in Garhwal; History: Judiciary and Executive Gurkha/ Gorkha Administrative Officers in Old Pauri Garhwal; History: Judiciary and Executive Gurkha/ Gorkha Administrative Officers in Tehri Garhwal; History: Judiciary and Executive Gurkha/ Gorkha Administrative Officers in Dehradun Garhwal; History: Judiciary and Executive Gurkha/ Gorkha Administrative Officers in Kumaon 
                          ::: ====स्वच्छ भारत!  स्वच्छ भारत ! बुद्धिमान भारत====:::

 History:  Initial Administration Structure by Amar Singh Thapa in Garhwal

History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Garhwal - 6
History of Gorkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -71
   
   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -589
 
                        By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)

                      Initial Administration by Amar Singh Thapa

            After capturing Shrinagar Garhwal, Gurkha /Gorkha Commander Amar Singh Thapa retained the administrative officers of Garhwal Kingdom as Daftari, Bhalmanush, Chakdait etc. Gurkha /Gorkha Commander Amar Singh Thapa started initial administration in Dehradun through Saknyanis. Gurkha /Gorkha Commander Amar Singh Thapa tried to get sympathy and cooperation from elites of Garhwal Kingdom as Mola Ram/Maula Ram etc.  Gurkha /Gorkha Commander Amar Singh Thapa retained the old system of land administration of Garhwal after taking the control of Garhwal and Dehradun. Gurkha /Gorkha Commander Amar Singh Thapa retained the tax collection power on Kamins. Gurkha /Gorkha Commander Amar Singh Thapa did not change the system of collecting toll tax, bridge or river crossing tax etc. Garhwal Kings or Kamins donated land to various Temples and priests. Gurkha /Gorkha Commander Amar Singh Thapa did not change land ownership of temples and priests.  Those administrators supported Gurkha/Gorkha they were retained the Jagir or salaries as was in past. By those acts, Gurkha /Gorkha Commander Amar Singh Thapa did not get any unusual resistance from Garhwal Administrators. Gurkha /Gorkha Commander Amar Singh Thapa handed over the administration of three Tehsil – Shrinagar , Kainyur (Chandpur) and Langur to Nayab (Governors)  Ranjit Kunwar, Sradar Angar and Sradar Parshuram Thapa.

           Gurkha /Gorkha Commander Amar Singh Thapa Ignoring King Family Members
       Gurkha /Gorkha Commander Amar Singh Thapa captured Pritamshah and sent him to Nepal. Parakram Shah fled to Nalagarh (Hindur). Sudarshan Shah took shelter in house of Kriparam Purohit in Kankhal Haridwar. Kankhal was under East India Company; therefore, there was fear for Sudarshan Shah from Gurkha /Gorkha Commander Amar Singh Thapa and his aides.  Chobdar Kishan Singh was given the charge of protecting Prince Sudarshan Shah in Kankhal. Kishan Singh was wounded from left ear to right ear in Khurbura Battle, Dehradun. Gurkha /Gorkha Commander Amar Singh Thapa did not arrange any penson or allaonces for Kingdom families anywhere in Garhwal or in Haridwar. Elites were unhappy but they did not have courage to speak before Gurkha /Gorkha Commander Amar Singh Thapa.
         As soon he captured Garhwal he was sent to Himachal. Therefore from 1805to 1801, Gurkha /Gorkha Commander Amar Singh Thapa did not have any direct say in Garhwal administration.  From 18011-1815, Gurkha /Gorkha Commander Amar Singh Thapa and his son Ranjor Singh Thapa took interest in Garhwal administration.
                        Harshdev Joshi in Kankhal
    Gorkha administration captured Jainarayan Joshi the son of Harshdev Joshi. After demise of Pradyuman Shah, Harshdev Joshi did not have any hope in Kumaon. Frustrated Harshdev Joshi came to Kankhal. He was unable to go directly against to Gurkha/Gorkha as his son was in prison in Nepal.
 Harshdev Joshi saw that Gorkha/Gorkha were selling Garhwalis as slaves in Kankhal. The trouble for Kumaon and Garhwal came due to selfish interest of Harshadev Joshi and he saw the Garhwali people being sold as goats and sheep in Haridwar.
  Harsh Dev Joshi made contacts with British India Civil Servant or Resident William Fraser and sent him many letters about Gorkha/Gurkha suppression Uttarakhand.   He used to send letters to Ranbahadur too. He was again frustrated by killing of Ranbahadur in Nepal as he was hopeful getting honor from Ranbahadur.
  Harshdev Joshi had regular contacts too with Prince Sudarshan Shah in Kankhal.

** History, Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Garhwal...Remaining part, read in next chapter
*** History of Gorkha/Gurkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) to be continued -72

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 23/3//2015
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -591
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX
                    Reference

Atkinson E.T., 1884, 1886 , Gazetteer of  Himalayan Districts …
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021 
Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173
B D pande, Kumaon ka Itihas
Sharma , Nepal ko Aitihasik Rup Rekha
Chaudhari , Anglo  –Nepalese Relations
Pande, Vasudha , Compares Histriographical Traditions of Gorkha Rule in Nepal and Kumaon
Pradhan , Kumar, 1991, The Gorkha Conquests , Oxford University  Press
Minyan Govrdhan Singh , History of Himachal Pradesh
A.P Coleman, 1999, A Special Corps
Captain Thomas Smith, 1852,Narrative of aFive Years Residence at Nepaul Vol.1
Maula Ram/Mola Ram  , Ranbahadurchandrika and Garhrajvanshkavya

XXX
Nepal Itihas, Garhwal Itihas, Kumaon Itihas, Himachal Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha ks kumson psr Adhikar Itihas , Gurkha/Gorkha Garhwal par Shasan Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Kumaon, Garhwal Uttarakhand; History Gurkha/Gorkha  Rule in Himachal, Uttarakhand;कुमाऊं , उत्तराखंड का इतिहास ; गढ़वाल , उत्तराखंड का इतिहास ; डोटी , पूर्व उत्तराखंड का इतिहास ;गोरखाओं /गुर्खाओं का कुमाऊं पर अधिकार इतिहास ; गोरखाओं /गुर्खाओं का गढ़वाल पर अधिकार इतिहास ; गोरखाओं /गुर्खाओं का हिमाचल पर अधिकार इतिहास ; गोरखाओं /गुर्खाओं का  इतिहास ; नेपाल इतिहास
Xx
History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Garhwal; History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Pauri Garhwal; History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Chamoli Garhwal; History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Rudraprayag Garhwal; History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Tehri Garhwal; History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Uttarkashi Garhwal; History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Dehradun Garhwal; 
History:  Gurkha/Gorkha Army Administration in Old Pauri Garhwal , History:  Gurkha/Gorkha Army Administration in Old Tehri Garhwal,      History:  Gurkha/Gorkha Army Administration in Dehradun, Garhwal; History: Judiciary and Executive Gurkha/ Gorkha Administrative Officers in Garhwal; History: Judiciary and Executive Gurkha/ Gorkha Administrative Officers in Old Pauri Garhwal; History: Judiciary and Executive Gurkha/ Gorkha Administrative Officers in Tehri Garhwal; History: Judiciary and Executive Gurkha/ Gorkha Administrative Officers in Dehradun Garhwal; History: Judiciary and Executive Gurkha/ Gorkha Administrative Officers in Kumaon 
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