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Author Topic: History of Uttarakhand, Kumaon & Garhwal-उत्तराखंड का इतिहास (कुमाऊं/गढ़वाल)  (Read 534962 times)

Bhishma Kukreti

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Re: History of Uttarakhand, Kumaon & Garhwal-उत्तराखंड का इतिहास (कुमाऊं/गढ़वाल)
« Reply #780 on: June 27, 2015, 09:39:58 AM »

         Syuraj   and Butbal Dispute between Nepal and East India Company

           Anglo Nepalese War with   Reference to Gurkha Rule over Uttarakhand & Himachal -8
History of Gorkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -129   
   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -650
                          By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Student)

               It is believed that disputes for Syuraj and Butbal between Nepal and East India were the main causes for Anglo Nepalese war. Initially Nepal Tarai regions Syuraj and Butbal were under Awadh. But Nabab offered that Land to Palpa in exchange of regular tax from Palpa to Awadh Nabab. Nabab handed over his territory to East India. Therefore, Syuraj and Butbal came under East India Company.  On those days, Palpa King Prithvipati Singh was in Gurkha Prison in Kathmandu. The Palpa King Representative assured through a letter to Gorakhpur Collector that Palpa King would pay annual tax for Rs thirty two thousand to Company regularly for the Syuraj and Butbal. After release from Kathmandu, Palpa King vouched the condition.  However, again, Gurkha King Ranbahadur captured Palpa King and put in prison in Kathmandu. After murder of Ranbahadur, Bhim Singh Thapa killed Palpa King in Kathmandu.  Bhim Singh Thapa sent his father General Ambar Singh for administrating in Palpa.  Palpa King Family escaped to Gorakhpur and took asylum under Company.
           For some time Gurkha paid tax to East India Company. However, in later stage, Gurkha stopped paying tax to the Company. Ambar Singh started intervening in Syuraj and Butbal. He sent his representatives with soldier for collecting tax from Butbal (Sanwal).
       Governor General sent letter to Nepal King and asked not to disturb Butbal and asked him to call back his representative from Butbal. Governor General also requested Nepal Government to pay tax for Syuraj. Nepal King challenged right of Company on Syuraj and promised to pay tax for Butbal as Palpa King used to pay. Governor General Barlow refused argument of Nepal.
             The new Governor General Shore also wrote letter to Nepal King for taking back Nepalese army from Butbal.  Ambar Singh Thapa refused to obey request from the Company.  Gurkha was getting annual tax from the region for Rs one lakh.  With time, Gurkha soldiers were capturing villages of Butbal region regularly.
            There were letters from Company and situation did not improve. In 1813, when there was meeting in Gorakhpur for solving the border dispute, Gurkha captured more villages in Saran district.
                   
                                   Protest from Minto
             In 1813, Governor General Minto wrote a protesting letter that Company was acting patiently for resolving the border disputes but Nepal government acting opposite of resolving tactics. Minto wrote Gurkha and accept their faults. Minto wrote that Gurkha Government should punish the culprits (Malcolm, The Political History of India). The letter shows that Minto wanted peaceful settlement for border disputes with Nepal. Perhaps, Minto was ready for hard decisions. However, Minto had to leave India and Lord Hastings came in his place.


** Most of references and details were taken from Dr Dabral

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 27/6/2015
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -651
*** History of Gorkha/Gurkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) to be continued in next chapter 

(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX
                    Reference

Atkinson E.T., 1884, 1886, Gazetteer of Himalayan Districts …
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021 
Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173
B. D. Pande, Kumaon ka Itihas
Sharma , Nepal ko Aitihasik Rup Rekha
Chaudhari , Anglo  –Nepalese Relations
Pande, Vasudha , Compares Histriographical Traditions of Gorkha Rule in Nepal and Kumaon
Pradhan , Kumar, 1991, The Gorkha Conquests , Oxford University  Press
Minyan Govrdhan Singh , History of Himachal Pradesh
A.P Coleman, 1999, A Special Corps
Captain Thomas Smith, 1852,Narrative of a Five Years Residence at Nepal Vol.1
Maula Ram/Mola Ram  , Ranbahadurchandrika and Garhrajvanshkavya
J B Fraser , Asiatic Research
Shyam Ganguli, Doon Rediscovered
Minyan Prem Singh, Guldast Tabarikh Koh Tihri Garhwal
Patiram Garhwal , Ancient and Modern
Tara Datt Gairola, Parvtiy Sanskriti
John Premble, Invasion of Nepal
Chitranjan Nepali, Bhimsen Thapa aur Tatkalin Nepal
Sanwal, Nepal and East India Company

XXX
History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Sirmour Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Kangara Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Baghat Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Tehri Garhwal, Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Punar Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Uttarkashi Garhwal, Bageshwar Kumaon, Uttarakhand;  Nahan Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Dehradun Garhwal, Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History Himachal; 
Nepal Itihas, Garhwal Itihas, Kumaon Itihas, Himachal Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha ka Kumaon par  Adhikar Itihas , Gurkha/Gorkha Garhwal par Shasan Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Kumaon, Garhwal Uttarakhand; History Gurkha/Gorkha  Rule in Himachal,
Xx


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Bhishma Kukreti

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Re: History of Uttarakhand, Kumaon & Garhwal-उत्तराखंड का इतिहास (कुमाऊं/गढ़वाल)
« Reply #781 on: June 27, 2015, 10:48:11 AM »
          Dhanbhuti 1st  the famous Kuninda King & Haridwar,  Bijnor,  Saharanpur  History

                                      धनभूति प्रथम -कुणिंद राज्य का स्वर्णयुग
                   
                          Ancient  History of Haridwar, History Bijnor,  History Saharanpur  History Part  -  129                                                                     हरिद्वार इतिहास ,  बिजनौर  इतिहास , सहारनपुर   इतिहास  -आदिकाल से सन 1947 तक-भाग - 129                   


                                               इतिहास विद्यार्थी ::: भीष्म कुकरेती

 धनभूति प्रथम पुष्यमित्र का समकालीन माना जाता है। धनभूति ने पुष्यमित्र -अग्निमित्र के राजयकाल में भारहूत स्तूप के तोरण व स्तंभ निर्माण में सहयोग दिया था।  कनिंघम अनुसार धनभूति का राजयकाल 240 -220 BC था किन्तु डा डबराल ने तथ्यों के बल पर लिखा कि धनभूति का शासनकाल 160 -140 BC ठीक ठहरता है।
                                      शान्ति और समृद्धि
       

  धनभूति व उसके उत्तराधिकारियों का काल शांति व समृद्धि का था। यवनों के हट जाने के बाद स्रुघ्न एक महत्वपूर्ण व्यापरिक केंद्र बन गया था। स्रुघ्न पहाड़ों व मैदानी इलाकों के मध्य व्यापार पल साबित हुआ।  दक्षिण से स्थाणीश्वर , मथुरा , उत्तर से तामस प्रदेश , गांगघाटी तथा पूर्व से अहिछत्रा , गोविषाण के मार्ग स्रुघ्न में मिलते थे।  यहां यमुना पर पत्तन या बंदरगाह था।
धनभूति का काल कुणिंद शासन का स्वर्णिम युग कहा जाता है।

                          धनभूति का पारिवारिक  जीवन
 साँची और भारहूत के अभिलेखों से धनभूति प्रथम  पारिवारिक जीवन के बारे में सूचनाएँ मिलती हैं।
धनभूति की माता वाछी अर्थात वत्स परिवार से संबंधित थी।
पत्नी रानी नागरक्षिता का नाम पृथक अभिलेख में भी उल्लेखित है।
धनभूति द्वितीय के अभिलेख में उसके पिता वाधपाल की माता को भी वात्सी कहा गया है (वत्स परिवार ). वाधपाल ने अपने को धनभूति का पुत्र बताया है किन्तु मां का नाम नही उल्लेख किया .
संभवतया धनभूति की दो पत्नियां थीं।  प्रथम पत्नी से वाधपाल व नागरक्षिता  संतान नही थी।
    नागरक्षिता की मातृभूमि अहोगंग के पास मोरगिरी थी।  भिक्षुणी बन जाने के बाद भारहूत के दानलेख में उसे मोरगिरी की भिक्षुणी कहा गया है और उसकी माता चकमोचिका व भाई नागिल भी भिक्षुक बन गए थे। नागिल का मन सम्मान था तभी अभिलेख में उसे भदंत कहा गया है।
       उन दिनों अहोगंग (हरिद्वार , बिजनौर का हिस्सा ) के लोगों पर  स्थविरों का अच्छा खासा  प्रभाव था।



Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti  Mumbai, India27 /6/2015

   History of Haridwar, Bijnor, Saharanpur  to be continued Part  --
 हरिद्वार,  बिजनौर , सहारनपुर का आदिकाल से सन 1947 तक इतिहास  to be continued -भाग -

      Dhanbhuti the famous Kuninda King Ancient History of Kankhal, Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;   Dhanbhuti the famous Kuninda King Ancient History of Har ki Paidi Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Dhanbhuti the famous Kuninda King   Ancient History of Jwalapur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Dhanbhuti the famous Kuninda King   Ancient  History of Telpura Haridwar, Uttarakhand  ;   Dhanbhuti the famous Kuninda King Ancient  History of Sakrauda Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;  Dhanbhuti the famous Kuninda King Ancient  History of Bhagwanpur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Dhanbhuti the famous Kuninda King   Ancient   History of Roorkee, Haridwar, Uttarakhand  ;  Dhanbhuti the famous Kuninda King Ancient  History of Jhabarera Haridwar, Uttarakhand  ;   Ancient History of Manglaur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;   Ancient  History of Laksar; Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;    Dhanbhuti the famous Kuninda King Ancient History of Sultanpur,  Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;    Dhanbhuti the famous Kuninda King Ancient  History of Pathri Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;    Ancient History of Landhaur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;   Ancient History of Bahdarabad, Uttarakhand ; Haridwar;      History of Narsan Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;   Dhanbhuti the famous Kuninda King Ancient History of Bijnor;   Dhanbhuti the famous Kuninda King Ancient  History of Nazibabad Bijnor ; Dhanbhuti the famous Kuninda King    Ancient History of Saharanpur;  Dhanbhuti the famous Kuninda King Ancient  History of Nakur , Saharanpur; Dhanbhuti the famous Kuninda King    Ancient   History of Deoband, Saharanpur;  Dhanbhuti the famous Kuninda King    Ancient  History of Badhsharbaugh , Saharanpur;  Dhanbhuti the famous Kuninda King Ancient Saharanpur History,     Ancient Bijnor History; कनखल , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; तेलपुरा , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; सकरौदा ,  हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; भगवानपुर , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;रुड़की ,हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; झाब्रेरा हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; मंगलौर हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;लक्सर हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;सुल्तानपुर ,हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;पाथरी , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; बहदराबाद , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; लंढौर , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;बिजनौर इतिहास; नगीना ,  बिजनौर इतिहास; नजीबाबाद , नूरपुर , बिजनौर इतिहास;सहारनपुर इतिहास , Haridwar Itihas, Bijnor Itihas, Saharanpur Itihas
                     :=============  स्वच्छ भारत !  स्वच्छ भारत ! बुद्धिमान भारत =============:
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Bhishma Kukreti

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Re: History of Uttarakhand, Kumaon & Garhwal-उत्तराखंड का इतिहास (कुमाऊं/गढ़वाल)
« Reply #782 on: June 28, 2015, 10:13:26 AM »
           Major Bradshaw Failing Dispute Resolution with Gurkha Representatives

           Anglo Nepalese War with   Reference to Gurkha Rule over Uttarakhand & Himachal -9
History of Gorkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -130   
   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -651
                          By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Student)

              East India Company and Gurkha Rulers were expansionists and both were opportunists for expanding their territories for any reasons. 
        For resolving the Butbal disputes the Company deputed Major Bradshaw to talk with Nepalese representatives –Krishna Pundit and Raghunath Pundit.  The conference was totally failures as both the parties were least bothered to accept other’s arguments and logics. Major Bradshaw wrote to Company that the Company had logical rights on Butbal and Syuraj.
    After some time, Company handed over Bradshaw the responsibility of resolving Saran and Tirhut border Disputes.
           Major reached Saran and told to Nepal Vakil /advocate to hand over the disputed land (twenty two villages) to East India till the dispute was   resolved. Major Bradshaw promised that if the right of Nepal on twenty villages were proved logically the Company would return the land. Nepal representatives either believed on cunning Bradshaw or they were under compulsion they handed over the disputed land to the Company. East India Company never looked after from that time for resolving the issue.
       On 4th March 1814, the Company ordered Major Bradshaw to resolve the issue for ever. Company also ordered Bradshaw to get back Saran land from Nepal. He was asked to take necessary action against Nepal if needed. Bradshaw reached to disputed land. Bradshaw called again the Nepalese representative for discussion. Nepalese representatives refused to come for discussion with Bradshaw and cleared that those twenty two villages were handed over to east India Company for temporary basis. Nepalese representatives asked Bradshaw to vacate the land immediately. After asking Bradshaw to vacate land, the Nepalese representatives left for Kathmandu.
                                        Protest from Hastings
             Governor General Hastings was annoyed by the information that Nepalese representatives were not agreeing for handing over the land to the Company. He sent a letter and threatened that Nepal should take off its administrators form the land and cautioned if Nepal government did not take off administration from the land Company would take stern action against Nepal (Sanwal).
                 East India Company Army Action

  After dispatching letter to Nepal, Company head office sent three artilleries for helping major Bradshaw. Company ordered major Bradshaw that he should wait for a reasonable time for answer from Nepal. Later on he was asked to capture the land from Nepal.
 Company deputed Colonel Richardson with seventeen Army companies to Gorakhpur, Gorakhpur magistrate was asked to send warning letter to Nepal for vacating Butbal and Syuraj. If Nepal government did not agree the Colonel was asked to take army action against Nepal for capturing Butbal and Syuraj territories.
              Nepal government answered through letter that Yong had cleared that Nepal had right on Butbal and Syuraj. Nepal government refused to vacate Butbal and Syuraj. Nepal government informed that Nepal was ready to resolve the border issue by talk and was ready to send its representatives to Kolkata. The letter reached on 4th May 1814. However, East India Company Magistrate of Gorakhpur captured the territories before the letter reached to Gorakhpur Magistrate. Initially Nepalese army resisted but later on Ambar Singh Thapa asked his army to go back towards Nepal. 


** Most of references and details were taken from Dr Dabral

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 28/6/2015
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -652
*** History of Gorkha/Gurkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) to be continued in next chapter 

(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX
                    Reference

Atkinson E.T., 1884, 1886, Gazetteer of Himalayan Districts …
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021 
Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173
B. D. Pande, Kumaon ka Itihas
Sharma , Nepal ko Aitihasik Rup Rekha
Chaudhari , Anglo  –Nepalese Relations
Pande, Vasudha , Compares Histriographical Traditions of Gorkha Rule in Nepal and Kumaon
Pradhan , Kumar, 1991, The Gorkha Conquests , Oxford University  Press
Minyan Govrdhan Singh , History of Himachal Pradesh
A.P Coleman, 1999, A Special Corps
Captain Thomas Smith, 1852,Narrative of a Five Years Residence at Nepal Vol.1
Maula Ram/Mola Ram  , Ranbahadurchandrika and Garhrajvanshkavya
J B Fraser , Asiatic Research
Shyam Ganguli, Doon Rediscovered
Minyan Prem Singh, Guldast Tabarikh Koh Tihri Garhwal
Patiram Garhwal , Ancient and Modern
Tara Datt Gairola, Parvtiy Sanskriti
John Premble, Invasion of Nepal
Chitranjan Nepali, Bhimsen Thapa aur Tatkalin Nepal
Sanwal, Nepal and East India Company

XXX
History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Sirmour Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Kangara Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Baghat Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Tehri Garhwal, Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Punar Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Uttarkashi Garhwal, Bageshwar Kumaon, Uttarakhand;  Nahan Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Dehradun Garhwal, Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History Himachal; 
Nepal Itihas, Garhwal Itihas, Kumaon Itihas, Himachal Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha ka Kumaon par  Adhikar Itihas , Gurkha/Gorkha Garhwal par Shasan Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Kumaon, Garhwal Uttarakhand; History Gurkha/Gorkha  Rule in Himachal,
Xx



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Bhishma Kukreti

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Re: History of Uttarakhand, Kumaon & Garhwal-उत्तराखंड का इतिहास (कुमाऊं/गढ़वाल)
« Reply #783 on: June 28, 2015, 10:59:07 AM »

                   Kuninda Kings -Vridhpal and Dhanabhuti II & Ancient  History of Haridwar,  Bijnor,   Saharanpur

                     हरिद्वार  ,  बिजनौर   , सहारनपुर   इतिहास  संदर्भ में कुणिंद नरेश वृद्धपाल व धनभूति


                         Ancient  History of Haridwar, History Bijnor,  History Saharanpur History  Part  -130                     
                                                हरिद्वार इतिहास ,  बिजनौर  इतिहास , सहारनपुर   इतिहास  -आदिकाल से सन 1947 तक-भाग -130                     


                                               इतिहास विद्यार्थी ::: भीष्म कुकरेती

                                    कुणिंद नरेश वाधपाल या वृद्धपाल

         कुणिंद नरेश वाधपाल या वृद्धपाल संभवतया बृद्ध माता पिताओं का भक्त था।  उसने कुमारवस्था में ही भारहूत में अपना दान अंकित करवा लिया था।  इससे प्रतीत होता है कि कुणिंद नरेश वाधपाल या वृद्धपाल के पिता धनभूति का राजयकाल लम्बा था।  भारहूत में पूर्वी तोरण का निर्माण धनभूति ने करवाया था और स्तूप की वेष्ठिनी पर कुमार वृद्धपाल का नाम अंकित है तो साफ़ हो जाता है कि तोरण व वेष्ठिनी का निर्माण काल एक ही है।

                                       कुणिंद नरेश धनभूति द्वितीय
कुणिंद नरेश धनभूति द्वितीय  का दानलेख भारहूत में नही मिलता अपितु दानलेख मथुरा में मिला है। धनभूति ने अपने धन का उपयोग शायद निकटवर्ती धार्मिक कार्यकलापों में किया होगा। धनभूति उत्तराधिकारी बलभूति की मुद्राएं मथुरा में भी मिली हैं।
  धनभूति के शिलालेखों की लिपि इतिहास हेतु महत्वपूर्ण है। धनभूति के लेखों में अक्षरों पर मात्रायें लगी हैं। और शिरोपंक्तियां भी हैं।  ये गुण  अशोककालीन लिपियों में नही मिलते हैं। कुणिंद नरेश अमोधभूति , औदुंबर नरेश घरघोष व अन्य नरेश वर्म्मिक के मुद्राओं में भी ये गुण मिलते हैं।  इसलिए इतिहासकार मानते हैं कि अमोधभूति का शासन काल धनभूति द्वितीय से पचास साल पीछे से अधिक  नही हो सकता है।



Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti  Mumbai, India 28/6/2015

   History of Haridwar, Bijnor, Saharanpur  to be continued Part  --
 हरिद्वार,  बिजनौर , सहारनपुर का आदिकाल से सन 1947 तक इतिहास  to be continued -भाग -

      Kuninda Kings -Vridhpal and Dhanbhuti II &Ancient History of Kankhal, Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;  Kuninda Kings -Vridhpal and Dhanbhuti II & Ancient History of Har ki Paidi Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;   Kuninda Kings -Vridhpal and Dhanbhuti II &Ancient History of Jwalapur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;   Kuninda Kings -Vridhpal and Dhanbhuti II &Ancient  History of Telpura Haridwar, Uttarakhand  ; Kuninda Kings -Vridhpal and Dhanbhuti II &  Ancient  History of Sakrauda Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;   Ancient  History of Bhagwanpur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Kuninda Kings -Vridhpal and Dhanbhuti II &  Ancient   History of Roorkee, Haridwar, Uttarakhand  ;  Kuninda Kings -Vridhpal and Dhanbhuti II &Ancient  History of Jhabarera Haridwar, Uttarakhand  ;   Kuninda Kings -Vridhpal and Dhanbhuti II &Ancient History of Manglaur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Kuninda Kings -Vridhpal and Dhanbhuti II &  Ancient  History of Laksar; Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;    Kuninda Kings -Vridhpal and Dhanbhuti II & Ancient History of Sultanpur,  Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;  Kuninda Kings -Vridhpal and Dhanbhuti II &   Ancient  History of Pathri Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Kuninda Kings -Vridhpal and Dhanbhuti II &   Ancient History of Landhaur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;  Kuninda Kings -Vridhpal and Dhanbhuti II & Ancient History of Bahdarabad, Uttarakhand ; Haridwar;     Kuninda Kings -Vridhpal and Dhanbhuti II & History of Narsan Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Kuninda Kings -Vridhpal and Dhanbhuti II &   Ancient History of Bijnor;    Ancient  History of Nazibabad Bijnor ;   Kuninda Kings -Vridhpal and Dhanbhuti II & Ancient History of Saharanpur;   Kuninda Kings -Vridhpal and Dhanbhuti II &Ancient  History of Nakur , Saharanpur;  Kuninda Kings -Vridhpal and Dhanbhuti II &  Ancient   History of Deoband, Saharanpur;Kuninda Kings -Vridhpal and Dhanbhuti II &     Ancient  History of Badhsharbaugh , Saharanpur;Kuninda Kings -Vridhpal and Dhanbhuti II &   Ancient Saharanpur History,    Kuninda Kings -Vridhpal and Dhanbhuti II & Ancient Bijnor History;
कनखल , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; तेलपुरा , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; सकरौदा ,  हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; भगवानपुर , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;रुड़की ,हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; झाब्रेरा हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; मंगलौर हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;लक्सर हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;सुल्तानपुर ,हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;पाथरी , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; बहदराबाद , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; लंढौर , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;बिजनौर इतिहास; नगीना ,  बिजनौर इतिहास; नजीबाबाद , नूरपुर , बिजनौर इतिहास;सहारनपुर इतिहास , Haridwar Itihas, Bijnor Itihas, Saharanpur Itihas
                     :=============  स्वच्छ भारत !  स्वच्छ भारत ! बुद्धिमान भारत =============:

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Bhishma Kukreti

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Re: History of Uttarakhand, Kumaon & Garhwal-उत्तराखंड का इतिहास (कुमाऊं/गढ़वाल)
« Reply #784 on: June 29, 2015, 11:11:23 AM »

            Strategic Discussion (Chhalfal) in Nepal Court about East India Company


           Anglo Nepalese War with   Reference to Gurkha Rule over Uttarakhand & Himachal -10
History of Gorkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -131   
   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -652
                          By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Student) 

              Leo O Rose writes (Nepal: Strategy and Survival) that there was fundamental difference of policy between British Policy in the Past 1814 and of Warren Hastings three decades earlier. When Hastings sent a warning letter to Nepal King, Nepal King in April 1814, suggested his main representatives not to have war with East India Company. King called the nearby residents and asked suggestions through letters from far away representatives. 
  The King wrote letter as (Balchandra Sharma page 257) –
  “There had been a conflict between English people and us. Governor General wrote to us to leave disputed land without war. If we leave the land as it is we will not have existence. In our opinion we should use arms. You think undividedly and decide and suggest me.”
   The meeting of Bhardar (main Representatives) started at nine Am and continued till eight PM in Kathmandu. Henry T. Prinsep (History of Political and Military Transactions in India, vol 1), the book is available on Internet) and other writers wrote about details of the above meeting.  There were two groups among representatives,. One group wanted to have friendly relation with the East India Company and other group wanted to have war.
            Bhimsen Thapa replied to the Nepal King- Nobody could dare to head on you and your predecessors. Once, China attacked on us and it had to come forward for treaty. How come British win over our Hill regime? Under your leadership we fifty two soldiers will fight with British and will kill them. They (British) tried to win a small weak fort of Bharatpur built by weak men but later on they left to win that fort. God has created our hill caves and hills. Those are non winnable. That is why I suggest for war with British. Watching the fruitful situation we may have treat at any point later on. 
      Kaji Randoj Singh Thapa said,” Whatever General Bhim Sen Thapa said is right. Alexandra captured India but could not enter into Hill Kingdoms. Yes! There is one single fear. That we displaced many Hill Kings and those Kings will have dialogues with British people and will open various secretes of those Hill Kingdoms. When those displaced Hill Kingdoms would unite and will help British the East India Company will definitely dare to attack on us. Therefore, I suggest having peaceful relation with Company for the time being. Instead of conflicts and war we should leave some portion of disputed land to Company. By doing this the planning of enemy displaced Kings would   be failed.”
   Rajguru Raghunath Pundit said,” The Company did not harm that much that war is a compulsion. No doubt, Company could not harm us in Hill regions but we are weak in Tarai and plains. If we have to sacrifice half disputed for keeping peace it is not wrong diplomacy.”  English writer Henry T. Prinsep (History of Political and Military Transactions in India, vol 1, ) wrote that Company did not harm much to Nepal as other court ministers would have opposed Rajguru Raghunath Pundit.
             The army representatives of West as Bamashah Chautariya, Hastidal Chautariya and Amar Singh Thapa wrote letters and the meaning was as –
          “The present situation is not favorable for us. Analyzing the circumstances, British decided to attack on us.  Now, English will not sit calm till they capture the territory. East India Company will unite those Kings whom we displaced.  Till date we hunted deer and now we have to fight with lions. If the King agreed with our suggestion we should leave that disputed land on which the Company had right earlier. If we insist on disputed land there would be unrest in West of Kali River. The said region is already facing problem. War with company will create same situation in other part too”
 “That who is instigating you for war and claiming win he (Bhim Sen Thapa) was born in Court and he does not have experience of hard life of a soldier.  He is exaggerating for win but he never came out of Court and never saw battle field. Gurkha spent life by cutting wood and still that is their profession. War is not child play. War requires trained army and we can’t win war by the wood cutters”
    Ambar Singh Thapa the old administrator of Palpa and father of Bhimsen Thapa was not keeping well but came to Kathmandu from Palpa. Ambar Singh was deadly against to surrender before proud and notorious Englishmen. Ambar Singh Thapa had full belief on his battalion of Palpa army. Ambar Singh Thapa spent money on his army for training to fight with British army. He suggested that at least once the Nepal should have head on with East India Company. Ambar Singh told that Nepal should not surrender the land without war and treaty could be possible at any time later on. Ambar Singh suggested that if Nepal won the initial war there would be fame and propaganda for Nepal and people would appreciate Nepal strength. He argued that even Nepal loosed in the Plains it would come to hills for protection. Ambar Singh suggested that even after losing war Nepal could put conditions before the Company.
             The strong suggestions of Prime Minister Bhimsen Thapa and Ambar Singh Thapa were agreed upon. To war with East India Company was agreed upon. Nepalese court agreed to fight with East India Company with courage and brevity. However, Nepalese government did not alert East India Company for war. Nepal Government sent a letter to Governor General that Nepal wanted peaceful and cordial relation with the Company but did not mention anything about the disputed land.

** Most of references and details were taken from Dr Dabral

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 29/6/2015
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -653
*** History of Gorkha/Gurkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) to be continued in next chapter 

(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX
                    Reference

Atkinson E.T., 1884, 1886, Gazetteer of Himalayan Districts …
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021 
Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173
B. D. Pande, Kumaon ka Itihas
Balchandra Sharma, Nepal ko Aitihasik Rup Rekha
Chaudhari , Anglo  –Nepalese Relations
Pande, Vasudha , Compares Histriographical Traditions of Gorkha Rule in Nepal and Kumaon
Pradhan , Kumar, 1991, The Gorkha Conquests , Oxford University  Press
Minyan Govrdhan Singh , History of Himachal Pradesh
A.P Coleman, 1999, A Special Corps
Captain Thomas Smith, 1852,Narrative of a Five Years Residence at Nepal Vol.1
Maula Ram/Mola Ram  , Ranbahadurchandrika and Garhrajvanshkavya
J B Fraser , Asiatic Research
Shyam Ganguli, Doon Rediscovered
Minyan Prem Singh, Guldast Tabarikh Koh Tihri Garhwal
Patiram Garhwal , Ancient and Modern
Tara Datt Gairola, Parvtiy Sanskriti
John Premble, Invasion of Nepal
Chitranjan Nepali, Bhimsen Thapa aur Tatkalin Nepal
Sanwal, Nepal and East India Company
Nagendra kr Singh, Refugee to Ruler

XXX
History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Sirmour Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Kangara Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Baghat Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Tehri Garhwal, Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Punar Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Uttarkashi Garhwal, Bageshwar Kumaon, Uttarakhand;  Nahan Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Dehradun Garhwal, Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History Himachal; 
Nepal Itihas, Garhwal Itihas, Kumaon Itihas, Himachal Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha ka Kumaon par  Adhikar Itihas , Gurkha/Gorkha Garhwal par Shasan Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Kumaon, Garhwal Uttarakhand; History Gurkha/Gorkha  Rule in Himachal,
Xx


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Bhishma Kukreti

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Re: History of Uttarakhand, Kumaon & Garhwal-उत्तराखंड का इतिहास (कुमाऊं/गढ़वाल)
« Reply #785 on: June 29, 2015, 12:50:28 PM »
 Amodhbhuti the Most Prosperous Kuninda King & Ancient  History of Haridwar, Bijnor, Saharanpur
                 हरिद्वार  ,  बिजनौर  , सहारनपुर   इतिहास संदर्भ में ख्यातिप्राप्त कुणिंद नरेश अमोधभूति
                            Ancient  History of Haridwar, History Bijnor,  History Saharanpur History  Part  - 131                     
                                                हरिद्वार इतिहास ,  बिजनौर  इतिहास , सहारनपुर   इतिहास  -आदिकाल से सन 1947 तक-भाग -  131                   


                                               इतिहास विद्यार्थी ::: भीष्म कुकरेती

                                        अमोधभूति
       

          कुणिंद नरेशों में सबसे अधिक प्रसिद्धि अमोधभूति को मिली।  अमोध्भूति का कोई अभिलेख नहीं मिला , न ही उसका  उल्लेख किसी  है किन्तु उसके अब तक सौ से अधिक रजत व ताम्र मुद्राएं प्रकाश में आ चुकी हैं।  ये मुद्राएं सुमाड़ी (श्रीनगर के पास पौड़ी गढ़वाल, ) , ज्वालामुखी (सतलज के पर , हिमाचल) व दक्षिण में करनाल और सुनत में मिले हैं।
                                   समकालीन उत्तर भारत

     संभवतः अमोधभूति को 100 BCE के करीब स्रुघ्न का राजसिंघासन मिला था। इसी समय पूर्व में पांचाल , अयोध्या , कौशंबी तथा मथुरा के जनपदों ने स्वतंत्र सत्ता स्थापित कर ली थी।
   यमुना के पश्चिम और सतलज के मध्यवर्ती भाग पर मेनान्द्र के अपुत्र अपोलोदतस ई का शासन था।
  जब शुंग साम्राज्य के उत्तरार्ध में पांचाल आदि अपनी सत्ता स्थापित करने सफल हुए तो सतलज की दक्षिण भाग में यौधेयगण , सतलज और व्यास की के निचले भाग  औदुंबरगण तथा यमुना से सतलज -व्यास के पर्वतीय क्षेत्र से यवन साम्राज्य को उखाड़ने में अमोध्भूति जुट गया (डा डबराल ).
   
  विभिन जनपदों की मुद्राओं साबित होता है कि कुणिंद , यौधेय  और औदुंबर जनपदों का जागरण एक संग हुआ। शायद तीनो जनपदों ने यवन सत्ता को फेंकने हेतु एकसाथ प्रयत्न भी किया हो।
                      विभिन्न मुद्राओं में समानता


  कुणिंद और औदुम्बर की रजत मुद्राएं यवननरेश अपोलोदोतस की रजतमुद्राओं के अनुकरण पर बनी हैं। दोनों मुद्राओं के अग्र भाग में ब्राह्मी लिपि और पृष्ठ भाग में खरोष्ठी लिपि से लेख हैं।  आकर आदि में समानता। है  इसीप्रकार कुणिंद और यौधेय जनपद के रजतमुद्राओं में निर्नाम्नशैली व चिन्हों में भी समानता पाई गयी है। 
अमोध्भूति का विवरण शेष भाग 132  में ----

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti  Mumbai, India 29/6/2015

   History of Haridwar, Bijnor, Saharanpur  to be continued Part  --132
 हरिद्वार,  बिजनौर , सहारनपुर का आदिकाल से सन 1947 तक इतिहास  to be continued -भाग -132

      Amodhbhuti the Most Prosperous Kuninda King & Ancient History of Kankhal, Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Amodhbhuti the Most Prosperous Kuninda King &  Ancient History of Har ki Paidi Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;  Amodhbhuti the Most Prosperous Kuninda King & Ancient History of Jwalapur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Amodhbhuti the Most Prosperous Kuninda King &  Ancient  History of Telpura Haridwar, Uttarakhand  ; Amodhbhuti the Most Prosperous Kuninda King &  Ancient  History of Sakrauda Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Amodhbhuti the Most Prosperous Kuninda King &   Ancient  History of Bhagwanpur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;Amodhbhuti the Most Prosperous Kuninda King &   Ancient   History of Roorkee, Haridwar, Uttarakhand  ;  Ancient  History of Jhabarera Haridwar, Uttarakhand  ; Amodhbhuti the Most Prosperous Kuninda King &  Ancient History of Manglaur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Amodhbhuti the Most Prosperous Kuninda King &  Ancient  History of Laksar; Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;     Ancient History of Sultanpur,  Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;  Amodhbhuti the Most Prosperous Kuninda King &   Ancient  History of Pathri Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Amodhbhuti the Most Prosperous Kuninda King &   Ancient History of Landhaur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;   Amodhbhuti the Most Prosperous Kuninda King &Ancient History of Bahdarabad, Uttarakhand ; Haridwar;   Amodhbhuti the Most Prosperous Kuninda King &   History of Narsan Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;  Amodhbhuti the Most Prosperous Kuninda King &  Ancient History of Bijnor;  Amodhbhuti the Most Prosperous Kuninda King &  Ancient  History of Nazibabad Bijnor ;    Ancient History of Saharanpur;   Ancient  History of Nakur , Saharanpur; Amodhbhuti the Most Prosperous Kuninda King &   Ancient   History of Deoband, Saharanpur;   Amodhbhuti the Most Prosperous Kuninda King &  Ancient  History of Badhsharbaugh , Saharanpur;  Amodhbhuti the Most Prosperous Kuninda King & Ancient Saharanpur History,  Amodhbhuti the Most Prosperous Kuninda King &   Ancient Bijnor History;
कनखल , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; तेलपुरा , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; सकरौदा ,  हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; भगवानपुर , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;रुड़की ,हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; झाब्रेरा हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; मंगलौर हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;लक्सर हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;सुल्तानपुर ,हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;पाथरी , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; बहदराबाद , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; लंढौर , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;बिजनौर इतिहास; नगीना ,  बिजनौर इतिहास; नजीबाबाद , नूरपुर , बिजनौर इतिहास;सहारनपुर इतिहास , Haridwar Itihas, Bijnor Itihas, Saharanpur Itihas
                     :=============  स्वच्छ भारत !  स्वच्छ भारत ! बुद्धिमान भारत =============:
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Bhishma Kukreti

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Re: History of Uttarakhand, Kumaon & Garhwal-उत्तराखंड का इतिहास (कुमाऊं/गढ़वाल)
« Reply #786 on: June 30, 2015, 10:37:44 AM »

               War Preparation by Nepal Army in Palpa and West of Kali River

           Anglo Nepalese War with   Reference to Gurkha Rule over Uttarakhand & Himachal -11
History of Gorkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -132   
   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -653

                          By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Student) 

               Due to suggestion from Prime Minister Bhim Sen Thapa and his father Ambar Singh Thapa the Palpa in charge, the Nepal King decision for having head on with East India Company. Nobody expected that East India Company would attack from various front. Nepalese strategists presumed that the Company army would attack in Syuraj and Butbal regions and will calm down after capturing those areas. The strategists were sure that the  Company would not make move in Hill interiors.
          In past in Kinlauk Campaign, the Company had to retreat the army. Nepalese High command was sure that in Himachal to, the Company would be busy in plains and would not dare attacking Hills.
    The Nepalese King took decision for capturing Syuraj and Butbal from East India Company. Nepal King ordered to Ambar Singh in case of Company took revenge the Nepalese Army should be ready for defense. King ordered to Ambar Singh on 24th April 1814) for taking the following measures –
1-Store Food Grains as much as it was possible.
2- Establish Army Offices from Gandalk River to Salayn of Nepal.
4- Appoint soldiers as you could
5- Take the properties of those who deny entering into Army from age of 12 to 40
6-Offer one Ser (approximately Kilo) rice till he serves Army
7- I have called all men that we can establish Army station
8-You strengthen the Nuvakot fort near Palpa. We are deputing 500 soldiers for assisting you
9- Dispatch information for every event on  daily basis
           Ambar Singh started war preparation with zeal. He had 1200 soldiers with his battalion and he increased the numbers.
                   Nepalese Preparation for War in West of Kali River

           The Nepalese officials of West of Kali River were not agreement to have head on with East India Company. However, after getting orders from the King, they also started war preparation. Nepal Court sent more soldiers in Kumaon. In Garhwal, Dehradun and Himachal, the officials started repairing of fort and establishing new Army centers. The Nepalese officials stated appointing soldiers and started storing food grains.


   

** Most of references and details were taken from Dr Dabral

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 29/6/2015
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -653
*** History of Gorkha/Gurkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) to be continued in next chapter 

(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX
                    Reference

Atkinson E.T., 1884, 1886, Gazetteer of Himalayan Districts …
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021 
Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173
B. D. Pande, Kumaon ka Itihas
Balchandra Sharma, Nepal ko Aitihasik Rup Rekha
Chaudhari , Anglo  –Nepalese Relations
Pande, Vasudha , Compares Histriographical Traditions of Gorkha Rule in Nepal and Kumaon
Pradhan , Kumar, 1991, The Gorkha Conquests , Oxford University  Press
Minyan Govrdhan Singh , History of Himachal Pradesh
A.P Coleman, 1999, A Special Corps
Captain Thomas Smith, 1852,Narrative of a Five Years Residence at Nepal Vol.1
Maula Ram/Mola Ram  , Ranbahadurchandrika and Garhrajvanshkavya
J B Fraser , Asiatic Research
Shyam Ganguli, Doon Rediscovered
Minyan Prem Singh, Guldast Tabarikh Koh Tihri Garhwal
Patiram Garhwal , Ancient and Modern
Tara Datt Gairola, Parvtiy Sanskriti
John Premble, Invasion of Nepal
Chitranjan Nepali, Bhimsen Thapa aur Tatkalin Nepal
Sanwal, Nepal and East India Company
Nagendra kr Singh, Refugee to Ruler

XXX
History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Sirmour Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Kangara Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Baghat Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Tehri Garhwal, Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Punar Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Uttarkashi Garhwal, Bageshwar Kumaon, Uttarakhand;  Nahan Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Dehradun Garhwal, Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History Himachal; 
Nepal Itihas, Garhwal Itihas, Kumaon Itihas, Himachal Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha ka Kumaon par  Adhikar Itihas , Gurkha/Gorkha Garhwal par Shasan Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Kumaon, Garhwal Uttarakhand; History Gurkha/Gorkha  Rule in Himachal,
Xx

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Bhishma Kukreti

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Re: History of Uttarakhand, Kumaon & Garhwal-उत्तराखंड का इतिहास (कुमाऊं/गढ़वाल)
« Reply #787 on: June 30, 2015, 11:53:07 AM »
           Kuninda King  Amodhbhuti Period & Ancient  History of Haridwar,  Bijnor,   Saharanpur


             हरिद्वार  ,  बिजनौर   , सहारनपुर   इतिहास  संदर्भ में  अमोघभूति का राज्यकाल

                          Ancient  History of Haridwar, History Bijnor,  Saharanpur History  Part  -132                                                                       हरिद्वार इतिहास ,  बिजनौर  इतिहास , सहारनपुर   इतिहास  -आदिकाल से सन 1947 तक-भाग -  132                   


                                               इतिहास विद्यार्थी ::: भीष्म कुकरेती
                         अमोधभूति व्यक्ति या उपाधि ?
         अमोध्भूति के २०० से अधिक मुद्राएं मिलने , मुद्राओं में विभिन्नताएं , कुछ मुद्राओं में ब्राह्मी के साथ साथ खरोष्ठी लिपि व कुछ  खरोष्ठी लिपि होने से जायसवाल (हिन्दू राज्यतंत्र ) था कि अमोध्भूति एक व्यक्ति नही अपितु एक उपाधि थी।  कनिंघम आदि इतिहासकारों ने विवेचना से सिद्ध किया कि अमोध्भूति उपाधि नही अपितु एक राजा था , एक व्यक्ति था।
                                      अमोधभूति का राज्यावधि
   ज्वालापुर में धनभूति , घरघोष  अपोलोदोतस की मुद्राएं एकसाथ मिलने से  कनिंघम ने घरघोष का राज्यकाल 100 BCE माना और अमोघभूति का राज्यकाल 150 BC .

       कई  अन्य इतिहासकारों विशेषकर एलन ( अकिटलोग ऑफ दि क्वाइंस ऑफ़ ऐन्सियन्ट इंडिया ) व रेप्सन ( कैम्ब्रिज हिस्ट्री ऑफ इंडिया ) ने सिद्ध किया कि अमोघभूति का राज्यकाल 100 BC के लगभग था जो तर्क से भी सही ठहरता है।
                                कुणिंद राज्यविस्तार
 कुणिंद कालीन मुद्राएं मथुरा व कौशंबी में भी मिली हैं और यह समझना सही है कि व्यापर के कारण ये मुद्राएं इन स्थानो पर मिलीं हैं।  मुद्राएं मुख्यतया यमुनातट व स्रुघ्न में मिलीं हैं।
 आरम्भिक स्रुघ्न राज में बरहमपुर (गढ़वाल ( था या नही यह कहना कठिन है।  किन्तु हर्ष कालीन  स्रुघ्न राज्य पूर्व की ओर गंगा जी तक फैला था दक्षिण में लालढांग के भाभर से उत्तर महोच्चपर्वत तक था।  अमोधभूति की मुद्राएं पूर्व से गंगा तट तक मिली हैं।  दक्षिण में सुनत , करनाल , स्रुघ्न , बेहट में भी अमोघभूति की मुद्राएं मिली हैं।
                लालढांग (जिला अहरिद्वार , कोटद्वार व हरिद्वार रोड पर व बिजनौर सीमा से सटा  स्थान ) के पास पाण्डुवाला के अवशेषों  अवशेषों पर वाही चित्र अंकित हैं जो अमोघभूति की  अंकित हैं।
 अल्मोड़ा में मुद्राएं नही मिलीं हैं। किन्तु वहां की मुद्राओं पर  मुद्राओं का प्रभाव मिलता है।
दान अभिलेखों व महाभस्य  उल्लेखों से माना जाता है कि स्रुघ्न एक खुशहाल  राज्य था
शायद स्रुघ्न के सीमायें स्रुघ्न , तामस , भारद्वाज , आत्रेय , तंगण   और रंकु तक रहा होगा और इस विस्तार का श्रेय शायद अमोघभूति को ही जाता है।     


Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti  Mumbai, India30 /6/2015

   History of Haridwar, Bijnor, Saharanpur  to be continued Part  --133
 हरिद्वार,  बिजनौर , सहारनपुर का आदिकाल से सन 1947 तक इतिहास  to be continued -भाग -133

     Kuninda King  Amodhbhuti Period & Ancient History of Kankhal, Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;    Kuninda King  Amodhbhuti Period &   Ancient History of Har ki Paidi Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;    Kuninda King  Amodhbhuti Period &   Ancient History of Jwalapur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;     Kuninda King  Amodhbhuti Period &  Ancient  History of Telpura Haridwar, Uttarakhand  ;   Ancient  History of Sakrauda Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;     Kuninda King  Amodhbhuti Period &  Ancient  History of Bhagwanpur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;      Kuninda King  Amodhbhuti Period & Ancient   History of Roorkee, Haridwar, Uttarakhand  ;      Kuninda King  Amodhbhuti Period &Ancient  History of Jhabarera Haridwar, Uttarakhand  ;       Kuninda King  Amodhbhuti Period & Ancient History of Manglaur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;     Kuninda King  Amodhbhuti Period &  Ancient  History of Laksar; Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;     Kuninda King  Amodhbhuti Period &    Ancient History of Sultanpur,  Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;     Ancient  History of Pathri Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;     Kuninda King  Amodhbhuti Period &   Ancient History of Landhaur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;     Kuninda King  Amodhbhuti Period &  Ancient History of Bahdarabad, Uttarakhand ; Haridwar;       Kuninda King  Amodhbhuti Period &   History of Narsan Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;      Kuninda King  Amodhbhuti Period &  Ancient History of Bijnor;     Kuninda King  Amodhbhuti Period &   Ancient  History of Nazibabad Bijnor ;    Ancient History of Saharanpur;      Kuninda King  Amodhbhuti Period & Ancient  History of Nakur , Saharanpur;      Kuninda King  Amodhbhuti Period &  Ancient   History of Deoband, Saharanpur;     Kuninda King  Amodhbhuti Period &    Ancient  History of Badhsharbaugh , Saharanpur;     Kuninda King  Amodhbhuti Period &  Ancient Saharanpur History,     Kuninda King  Amodhbhuti Period &    Ancient Bijnor History; कनखल , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; तेलपुरा , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; सकरौदा ,  हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; भगवानपुर , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;रुड़की ,हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; झाब्रेरा हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; मंगलौर हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;लक्सर हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;सुल्तानपुर ,हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;पाथरी , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; बहदराबाद , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; लंढौर , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;बिजनौर इतिहास; नगीना ,  बिजनौर इतिहास; नजीबाबाद , नूरपुर , बिजनौर इतिहास;सहारनपुर इतिहास , Haridwar Itihas, Bijnor Itihas, Saharanpur Itihas
                     :=============  स्वच्छ भारत !  स्वच्छ भारत ! बुद्धिमान भारत =============:
--

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Bhishma Kukreti

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Re: History of Uttarakhand, Kumaon & Garhwal-उत्तराखंड का इतिहास (कुमाऊं/गढ़वाल)
« Reply #788 on: July 01, 2015, 09:11:32 AM »
                           Massacre of Butwal 

           Anglo Nepalese War with   Reference to Gurkha Rule over Uttarakhand & Himachal -12
History of Gorkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -133   
   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -654

                          By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Student) 

                                   Massacre of Butwal 
                 On 22 April 1814, Gorakhpur District Magistrate with the help pf army captured 22 villages of Syuraj and Butwal regions. Magistrate established police stations at major centers.  In May, due to fear of Malaria, Army was sent to Gorakhpur and local police inspectors were made in charges. 
             On 21st May, 1814, Nepalese Faujdar Munjraj attacked three police stations of Butwal. Gurkha soldiers killed 18 policemen and injured nine policemen of Chilwa police station. The injured Police Inspector surrendered before Gurkha Faujdar. Gurkha officer ordered for tying Police inspector with tree. Then arrows were thrown on him till he died. Other Gurkha soldiers also capture tow other police stations and police constables with station in charges ran away . Gurkha soldiers captured Syuraj and Butwal.
 Now, east India Company did not have any alternate for war with Nepal. It was also the question of prestige.
                     
   


** Most of references and details were taken from Dr Dabral

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 1/7/2015
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -655
*** History of Gorkha/Gurkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) to be continued in next chapter 

(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX
                    Reference

Atkinson E.T., 1884, 1886, Gazetteer of Himalayan Districts …
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021 
Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173
B. D. Pande, Kumaon ka Itihas
Balchandra Sharma, Nepal ko Aitihasik Rup Rekha
Chaudhari , Anglo  –Nepalese Relations
Pande, Vasudha , Compares Histriographical Traditions of Gorkha Rule in Nepal and Kumaon
Pradhan , Kumar, 1991, The Gorkha Conquests , Oxford University  Press
Minyan Govrdhan Singh , History of Himachal Pradesh
A.P Coleman, 1999, A Special Corps
Captain Thomas Smith, 1852,Narrative of a Five Years Residence at Nepal Vol.1
Maula Ram/Mola Ram  , Ranbahadurchandrika and Garhrajvanshkavya
J B Fraser , Asiatic Research
Shyam Ganguli, Doon Rediscovered
Minyan Prem Singh, Guldast Tabarikh Koh Tihri Garhwal
Patiram Garhwal , Ancient and Modern
Tara Datt Gairola, Parvtiy Sanskriti
John Premble, Invasion of Nepal
Chitranjan Nepali, Bhimsen Thapa aur Tatkalin Nepal
Sanwal, Nepal and East India Company
Nagendra kr Singh, Refugee to Ruler

XXX
History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Sirmour Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Kangara Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Baghat Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Tehri Garhwal, Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Punar Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Uttarkashi Garhwal, Bageshwar Kumaon, Uttarakhand;  Nahan Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Dehradun Garhwal, Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History Himachal; 
Nepal Itihas, Garhwal Itihas, Kumaon Itihas, Himachal Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha ka Kumaon par  Adhikar Itihas , Gurkha/Gorkha Garhwal par Shasan Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Kumaon, Garhwal Uttarakhand; History Gurkha/Gorkha  Rule in Himachal,
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Bhishma Kukreti

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Re: History of Uttarakhand, Kumaon & Garhwal-उत्तराखंड का इतिहास (कुमाऊं/गढ़वाल)
« Reply #789 on: July 01, 2015, 10:48:32 AM »
           Competing Kings of Srughna King Amodhbhuti & History of Haridwar,  Bijnor,   Saharanpur
                हरिद्वार  ,  बिजनौर   , सहारनपुर   संदर्भ में स्रुघ्न नरेश अमोधभूति के प्रतिद्वंदी

                       Ancient  History of Haridwar, History Bijnor,   Saharanpur History  Part  -133                       
                                                हरिद्वार इतिहास ,  बिजनौर  इतिहास , सहारनपुर   इतिहास  -आदिकाल से सन 1947 तक-भाग -  133                   


                                               इतिहास विद्यार्थी ::: भीष्म कुकरेती

         ऐसा माना जाता है कि जिस राजा ने सतलज से रावी नदी तक का प्रदेश छीना था वह शायद मानेंद्र का अपुत्र अपलोदोतस II था।  यद्यपि कुछ विद्वान स्रोतों द्वितीय , फिलोतर अपोलो दोतस II मानते हैं (डा डबराल ) .  कांगड़ा जिले के मेवातप्पे नमक स्थान पर अमोधभूति  की 54 रजतमुद्राएं व अपोलोदोतस की 21  रजतमुद्राएं एक साथ मिली हैं। ज्वालामुखी हिमाचल में अमोधभूति की 3 रजतमुद्राएं व अपोलोदोतस द्वितीय की 30 रजतमुद्राएं मिली हैं।   अपोलोदोतस II के उत्तराधिकारियों का राज साकल से स्टे प्रदेश में कुछ काल तक रहा।  अपोलोदोतस द्वितीय की मुद्राएं पूर्व में अमोधभूति की मुद्राओं के साथ नही मिलती हैं।
                इन यवन नरेशों से शकनरेश अय (Azes ) ने राज्य छीना था और अपोलोदोतस द्वितीय व हिपोस्त्रेतस की मुद्राओं पर अपना नाम अंकित किया था।
 



Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti  Mumbai, India 1/7/2015

   History of Haridwar, Bijnor, Saharanpur  to be continued Part  --134
 हरिद्वार,  बिजनौर , सहारनपुर का आदिकाल से सन 1947 तक इतिहास  to be continued -भाग -134

     Competing Kings of Srughna King Amodhbhuti & Ancient History of Kankhal, Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;    Competing Kings of Srughna King Amodhbhuti & Ancient History of Har ki Paidi Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;      Competing Kings of Srughna King Amodhbhuti &  Ancient History of Jwalapur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;     Competing Kings of Srughna King Amodhbhuti &   Ancient  History of Telpura Haridwar, Uttarakhand  ;     Competing Kings of Srughna King Amodhbhuti &Ancient  History of Sakrauda Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;       Competing Kings of Srughna King Amodhbhuti & Ancient  History of Bhagwanpur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;   Competing Kings of Srughna King Amodhbhuti & Ancient   History of Roorkee, Haridwar, Uttarakhand  ;  Ancient  History of Jhabarera Haridwar, Uttarakhand  ;      Competing Kings of Srughna King Amodhbhuti & Ancient History of Manglaur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;      Competing Kings of Srughna King Amodhbhuti &  Ancient  History of Laksar; Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;        Competing Kings of Srughna King Amodhbhuti &  Ancient History of Sultanpur,  Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;     Competing Kings of Srughna King Amodhbhuti &    Ancient  History of Pathri Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;    Ancient History of Landhaur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;   Ancient History of Bahdarabad, Uttarakhand ; Haridwar;      History of Narsan Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;    Ancient History of Bijnor;    Ancient  History of Nazibabad Bijnor ;    Ancient History of Saharanpur;   Competing Kings of Srughna King Amodhbhuti &Ancient  History of Nakur , Saharanpur;       Competing Kings of Srughna King Amodhbhuti &  Ancient   History of Deoband, Saharanpur;       Competing Kings of Srughna King Amodhbhuti &   Ancient  History of Badhsharbaugh , Saharanpur;   Ancient Saharanpur History,    Competing Kings of Srughna King Amodhbhuti &   Ancient Bijnor History;
कनखल , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; तेलपुरा , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; सकरौदा ,  हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; भगवानपुर , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;रुड़की ,हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; झाब्रेरा हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; मंगलौर हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;लक्सर हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;सुल्तानपुर ,हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;पाथरी , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; बहदराबाद , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; लंढौर , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;बिजनौर इतिहास; नगीना ,  बिजनौर इतिहास; नजीबाबाद , नूरपुर , बिजनौर इतिहास;सहारनपुर इतिहास , Haridwar Itihas, Bijnor Itihas, Saharanpur Itihas
                     :=============  स्वच्छ भारत !  स्वच्छ भारत ! बुद्धिमान भारत =============:


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